Nigeria is the arrowhead of the Economic Community of West African State (ECOWAS), which was emer... more Nigeria is the arrowhead of the Economic Community of West African State (ECOWAS), which was emerged in Lagos on May 28, 1975, as a regional institution consisting of fifteen nations. The essence of the establishment is to integrate the region into the single economic bloc and to ensure sole currency existence, which has been on the agenda of the head of the state conference. The study adopted regional integration theory and employed Qualitative Document Analysis (QDA) in order to elaborate on the big-brother and sub-regional leader role of Nigeria in the region. The study found that loyalty to colonialism and the francophone country's long-existing monetary cooperation towards France was the strong blockade of the proposal as well as the member state was unable to reach-up to the merging criteria, which resulted in the shift and delays on the establishment of the common currency date. It was also discovered that on the efforts to embark on the process, two fast track approaches...
Nigeria is a complex society with a rapid growing population of roughly 200 million people. The c... more Nigeria is a complex society with a rapid growing population of roughly 200 million people. The country has around 500 different languages and 250 distinct ethnic groups. Thus, uniting these complex groups into one unified political entity since the amalgamation of the country in 1914 proved difficult. Comparatively, Nigeria is one of the secured and peaceful nations in the West African sub-region; however, contemporarily, this endowed nation suddenly plunged into waves of kidnapping and other heinous crimes such as armed robbery and banditry. The phenomenon has escalated and led to numerous lives lost, which also crippled socio-economic activities. Generally, as enshrined in chapter 2, section 14(2b) of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria, the security of lives and property is one of the primary responsibility of the state. This study aims to identify the causes of kidnapping in Nigeria and offer some strategic solution to the problem. The study adopted a Qualitative method and also a...
Since the end of the Cold War, the phenomenon of forced displacement gained more global attention... more Since the end of the Cold War, the phenomenon of forced displacement gained more global attention. Forced displacement involves the involuntary movement of people from their habitual place of residence to a location within their country of nationality; or across an internationally recognised border. This situation in most cases exposes the displaced people to some vulnerabilities. Among other classes of displaced people, the most notable groups of concern are refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). In contemporary time, conflict is identified to be the primary cause of forced displacement. Since 2009, the Boko Haram insurgency and the counter-insurgency by the Nigerian security forces turned northeast Nigeria into a conflict zone. The crisis has forced more than 2 million people to flee for safety within Nigeria as internally displaced persons (IDPs); while many crossed the border into countries neighbouring Nigeria from the Lake Chad region as refugees. This paper explore...
Background We assessed the impact of exposure to P. falciparum on parasite kinetics, clinical sym... more Background We assessed the impact of exposure to P. falciparum on parasite kinetics, clinical symptoms, and functional immunity after controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) in two cohorts with different levels of previous malarial exposure. Methods Nine adult males with high (sero-high) and ten with low (sero-low) previous exposure received 3200 PfSPZ of PfSPZ Challenge by direct venous inoculation and were followed for 35 days for parasitemia by thick blood smear (TBS) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). End points were time to parasitemia, adverse events and immune responses. Results Ten of Ten (100%) volunteers in the sero-low and 7 of 9 (77.8%) in the sero-high group developed parasitemia detected by TBS in the first 28 days (p = 0.125). The median time to parasitemia was significantly shorter in the sero-low group [9 days (7.5-11.0) vs.11.3 days (7.5-18.0), log rank test, p=0.005]. Antibody recognition of sporozoites was significantly higher in the sero-high (...
International Journal of Law, Government and Communication
Despite that International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is meant to protect vulnerable people such as n... more Despite that International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is meant to protect vulnerable people such as non-combatants, children and women, elderly and able people, and even combatant at times in accordance with relevant conventions and protocols of IHL, numerous crises occur at present have immensely been violated the set rules. While the fundamental Human rights of these categories of people are been infringed, international organizations at various levels are struggling to minimize the negative effect on the victims. There are circumstances when the IHL is also breached by states or parties involve in the crises. This study focuses on investigating numerous violations of child abuses in Libya and Syria during the 2011-2016 crises. The role of humanitarian organization and other agencies involved were equally examined. The roles of the two governments are equally examined. The paper adopted descriptive and analytical methods, as a result, relevant materials such as a book, reports from NG...
Alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) belongs to the actin proteins. It is a known immunohistochemical ... more Alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) belongs to the actin proteins. It is a known immunohistochemical marker for tumors of mesenchymal origin. There have been reports of expression of SMA in certain epithelial malignancies in the head and neck and genital regions. In this study, the authors report a primary cutaneous spindle cell squamous carcinoma expressing SMA. Both high- and low-molecular-weight keratins and p63 were positive, and S100 protein, SOX10, MART-1/Melan-A, and muscle-specific actin stains were negative. This case highlights that an epithelial tumor could express a mesenchymal marker, thereby making the diagnosis problematic.
Nigeria is the arrowhead of the Economic Community of West African State (ECOWAS), which was emer... more Nigeria is the arrowhead of the Economic Community of West African State (ECOWAS), which was emerged in Lagos on May 28, 1975, as a regional institution consisting of fifteen nations. The essence of the establishment is to integrate the region into the single economic bloc and to ensure sole currency existence, which has been on the agenda of the head of the state conference. The study adopted regional integration theory and employed Qualitative Document Analysis (QDA) in order to elaborate on the big-brother and sub-regional leader role of Nigeria in the region. The study found that loyalty to colonialism and the francophone country's long-existing monetary cooperation towards France was the strong blockade of the proposal as well as the member state was unable to reach-up to the merging criteria, which resulted in the shift and delays on the establishment of the common currency date. It was also discovered that on the efforts to embark on the process, two fast track approaches...
Nigeria is a complex society with a rapid growing population of roughly 200 million people. The c... more Nigeria is a complex society with a rapid growing population of roughly 200 million people. The country has around 500 different languages and 250 distinct ethnic groups. Thus, uniting these complex groups into one unified political entity since the amalgamation of the country in 1914 proved difficult. Comparatively, Nigeria is one of the secured and peaceful nations in the West African sub-region; however, contemporarily, this endowed nation suddenly plunged into waves of kidnapping and other heinous crimes such as armed robbery and banditry. The phenomenon has escalated and led to numerous lives lost, which also crippled socio-economic activities. Generally, as enshrined in chapter 2, section 14(2b) of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria, the security of lives and property is one of the primary responsibility of the state. This study aims to identify the causes of kidnapping in Nigeria and offer some strategic solution to the problem. The study adopted a Qualitative method and also a...
Since the end of the Cold War, the phenomenon of forced displacement gained more global attention... more Since the end of the Cold War, the phenomenon of forced displacement gained more global attention. Forced displacement involves the involuntary movement of people from their habitual place of residence to a location within their country of nationality; or across an internationally recognised border. This situation in most cases exposes the displaced people to some vulnerabilities. Among other classes of displaced people, the most notable groups of concern are refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). In contemporary time, conflict is identified to be the primary cause of forced displacement. Since 2009, the Boko Haram insurgency and the counter-insurgency by the Nigerian security forces turned northeast Nigeria into a conflict zone. The crisis has forced more than 2 million people to flee for safety within Nigeria as internally displaced persons (IDPs); while many crossed the border into countries neighbouring Nigeria from the Lake Chad region as refugees. This paper explore...
Background We assessed the impact of exposure to P. falciparum on parasite kinetics, clinical sym... more Background We assessed the impact of exposure to P. falciparum on parasite kinetics, clinical symptoms, and functional immunity after controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) in two cohorts with different levels of previous malarial exposure. Methods Nine adult males with high (sero-high) and ten with low (sero-low) previous exposure received 3200 PfSPZ of PfSPZ Challenge by direct venous inoculation and were followed for 35 days for parasitemia by thick blood smear (TBS) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). End points were time to parasitemia, adverse events and immune responses. Results Ten of Ten (100%) volunteers in the sero-low and 7 of 9 (77.8%) in the sero-high group developed parasitemia detected by TBS in the first 28 days (p = 0.125). The median time to parasitemia was significantly shorter in the sero-low group [9 days (7.5-11.0) vs.11.3 days (7.5-18.0), log rank test, p=0.005]. Antibody recognition of sporozoites was significantly higher in the sero-high (...
International Journal of Law, Government and Communication
Despite that International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is meant to protect vulnerable people such as n... more Despite that International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is meant to protect vulnerable people such as non-combatants, children and women, elderly and able people, and even combatant at times in accordance with relevant conventions and protocols of IHL, numerous crises occur at present have immensely been violated the set rules. While the fundamental Human rights of these categories of people are been infringed, international organizations at various levels are struggling to minimize the negative effect on the victims. There are circumstances when the IHL is also breached by states or parties involve in the crises. This study focuses on investigating numerous violations of child abuses in Libya and Syria during the 2011-2016 crises. The role of humanitarian organization and other agencies involved were equally examined. The roles of the two governments are equally examined. The paper adopted descriptive and analytical methods, as a result, relevant materials such as a book, reports from NG...
Alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) belongs to the actin proteins. It is a known immunohistochemical ... more Alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) belongs to the actin proteins. It is a known immunohistochemical marker for tumors of mesenchymal origin. There have been reports of expression of SMA in certain epithelial malignancies in the head and neck and genital regions. In this study, the authors report a primary cutaneous spindle cell squamous carcinoma expressing SMA. Both high- and low-molecular-weight keratins and p63 were positive, and S100 protein, SOX10, MART-1/Melan-A, and muscle-specific actin stains were negative. This case highlights that an epithelial tumor could express a mesenchymal marker, thereby making the diagnosis problematic.
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