American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2006
Neutrophil recruitment into lung constitutes a major response to airborne endotoxins. In many tis... more Neutrophil recruitment into lung constitutes a major response to airborne endotoxins. In many tissues endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) interacts with lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) on neutrophils, and this interaction plays a critical role in neutrophil recruitment. There are conflicting reports about the role of ICAM-1 in neutrophil recruitment into lungs. We studied neutrophil recruitment into alveolar space in a murine model of aerosolized LPS-induced lung inflammation. LPS induces at least a 100-fold increase in neutrophil numbers in alveolar space, as determined by flow cytometry of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Neutrophil recruitment was reduced by 54% in ICAM-1 null mice and by 45% in LFA-1 null mice. In wild-type mice treated with anti-ICAM-1 and anti-LFA-1 antibodies, there was 51 and 58% reduction in the neutrophil recruitment, respectively. In chimeric mice, generated by the transplantation of mixtures of bone marrows from LFA-1 nul...
American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2005
Infiltration of activated neutrophils [polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)] into the lung is an im... more Infiltration of activated neutrophils [polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)] into the lung is an important component of the inflammatory response in acute lung injury. The signals required to direct PMN into the different compartments of the lung have not been fully elucidated. In a murine model of LPS-induced lung injury, we investigated the sequential recruitment of PMN into the pulmonary vasculature, lung interstitium, and alveolar space. Mice were exposed to aerosolized LPS and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), and lungs were harvested at different time points. We developed a flow cytometry-based technique to assess in vivo trafficking of PMN in the intravascular and extravascular lung compartments. Aerosolized LPS induced consistent PMN migration into all lung compartments. We found that sequestration in the pulmonary vasculature occurred within the first hour. Transendothelial migration into the interstitial space started 1 h after LPS exposure and increased continuously until...
In this paper a new approach to face recognition is presented that achieves double dimension redu... more In this paper a new approach to face recognition is presented that achieves double dimension reduction, making the system computationally efficient with better recognition results and out perform common DCT technique of face recognition. In pattern recognition techniques, discriminative information of image increases with increase in resolution to a certain extent, consequently face recognition results change with change in face image resolution and provide optimal results when arriving at a certain resolution level. In the proposed model of face recognition, initially image decimation algorithm is applied on face image for dimension reduction to a certain resolution level which provides best recognition results. Due to increased computational speed and feature extraction potential of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), it is applied on face image. A subset of coefficients of DCT from low to mid frequencies that represent the face adequately and provides best recognition results is ret...
A compressed sensing based array diagnosis technique has been presented. This technique starts fr... more A compressed sensing based array diagnosis technique has been presented. This technique starts from collecting the measurements of the far-field pattern. The system linking the difference between the field measured using the healthy reference array and the field radiated by the array under test is solved using a genetic algorithm (GA), parallel coordinate descent (PCD) algorithm, and then a hybridized GA with PCD algorithm. These algorithms are applied for fully and partially defective antenna arrays. The simulation results indicate that the proposed hybrid algorithm outperforms in terms of localization of element failure with a small number of measurements. In the proposed algorithm, the slow and early convergence of GA has been avoided by combining it with PCD algorithm. It has been shown that the hybrid GA-PCD algorithm provides an accurate diagnosis of fully and partially defective sensors as compared to GA or PCD alone. Different simulations have been provided to validate the p...
In this work we have proposed a new approach for array antenna beamforming based on evolutionary ... more In this work we have proposed a new approach for array antenna beamforming based on evolutionary computing, which offers low probability of intercept. These active array antennas are highly vulnerable to intercept receivers due to their high-gain. The detection performance of proposed approach remains unchanged as the amount of energy on the target is same as that of the high gain beam pattern, while the intercept range of the enemy receiver has been greatly reduced. In this paper, the set of complex weights for synthesis of high gain beam pattern using spoiled set of basis patterns is derived using genetic algorithm. The two major advantages of proposed algorithm are the improved performance and at the same time the low complexity specifically by avoiding the matrix inversions. Simulation results ensure that the beam synthesized by this technique is at par with the existing LPI beamforming techniques employing phased arrays.
IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2015
ABSTRACT Phased MIMO (multiple input and multiple output) radar has been proposed in the recent y... more ABSTRACT Phased MIMO (multiple input and multiple output) radar has been proposed in the recent years to exploit the coherent processing gain of phased array radar and the waveform diversity of the MIMO radar. The transmit array is divided into subarrays of equal length to show some improvements as compared to both phased array and MIMO radar alone. In this letter, a hybrid phased MIMO radar with unequal subarrays has been proposed to steer multiple beams of different gain and unique waveforms towards a particular target. The unequal size and greater length of subarrays give an extra degree of freedom by illuminating the small targets with more focused beams. As a result, the echoes received by the receiver provide better information about the target. The effectiveness of proposed scheme is shown through simulation results.
2015 12th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST), 2015
Frequency diverse array (FDA) radars have the ability to generate a beam pattern that is a functi... more Frequency diverse array (FDA) radars have the ability to generate a beam pattern that is a function of range angle and time. The wavy beam pattern can be controlled by using a suitable frequency increment applied at the input of the array elements. Instead of using fixed frequency increment for FDA, we propose a cognitive frequency offset calculation method that supports to beam steer the target position (direction and range), adaptively. The receiver estimates the position of the target and tunnels the predicted position to the transmitter. Based on the feedback from the receiver, the proposed transmitter calculates the new frequency increment at each cycle. Monte-Carlo based simulation results validate the performance of the proposed method.
2009 International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology - Spring Conference, 2009
Abstract Video segmentation has been and is likely to be an important component of the content-ba... more Abstract Video segmentation has been and is likely to be an important component of the content-based video acquisition and retrieval systems. In this paper, we have proposed an video segmentation technique that uses Kohonanpsilas self organizing map (SOM) neural network for segmentation of color videos. It has been observed that, SOM training if performed on the wavelet-transformed video, not only reduces the training time of the SOM but also make more compact segments. Our experiments have shown better results ...
2008 4th International Conference on Emerging Technologies, 2008
Iris localization is the most important step in iris recognition systems, due to the fact that al... more Iris localization is the most important step in iris recognition systems, due to the fact that all the subsequent steps, iris normalization, feature extraction and matching, depends on its accuracy. Iris localization means segmentation of iris from the other parts of eye like pupil, sclera, eyelids and eyelashes in the image of an eye. A new method of exact pupil
Face recognition in today's technological world, and face recognition applications attain muc... more Face recognition in today's technological world, and face recognition applications attain much more importance. Most of the existing work used frontal face images to classify face image. However these techniques fail when applied on real world face images. The proposed technique effectively extracts the prominent facial features. Most of the features are redundant and do not contribute to representing face. In order to eliminate those redundant features, computationally efficient algorithm is used to select the more discriminative face features. Extracted features are then passed to classification step. In the classification step, different classifiers are ensemble to enhance the recognition accuracy rate as single classifier is unable to achieve the high accuracy. Experiments are performed on standard face database images and results are compared with existing techniques.
International journal of pharmaceutics, Jan 10, 2014
Ink-jet printing is a versatile, precise and relatively inexpensive method of depositing small vo... more Ink-jet printing is a versatile, precise and relatively inexpensive method of depositing small volumes of solutions with remarkable accuracy and repeatability. Although developed primarily as a technology for image reproduction, its areas of application have expanded significantly in recent years. It is particularly suited to the manufacture of low dose medicines or to short production runs and so offers a potential manufacturing solution for the paradigm of personalised medicines. This review discusses the technical and clinical aspects of ink-jet printing that must be considered in order for the technology to become widely adopted in the pharmaceutical arena and considers applications in the literature.
American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2006
Neutrophil recruitment into lung constitutes a major response to airborne endotoxins. In many tis... more Neutrophil recruitment into lung constitutes a major response to airborne endotoxins. In many tissues endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) interacts with lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) on neutrophils, and this interaction plays a critical role in neutrophil recruitment. There are conflicting reports about the role of ICAM-1 in neutrophil recruitment into lungs. We studied neutrophil recruitment into alveolar space in a murine model of aerosolized LPS-induced lung inflammation. LPS induces at least a 100-fold increase in neutrophil numbers in alveolar space, as determined by flow cytometry of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Neutrophil recruitment was reduced by 54% in ICAM-1 null mice and by 45% in LFA-1 null mice. In wild-type mice treated with anti-ICAM-1 and anti-LFA-1 antibodies, there was 51 and 58% reduction in the neutrophil recruitment, respectively. In chimeric mice, generated by the transplantation of mixtures of bone marrows from LFA-1 nul...
American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2005
Infiltration of activated neutrophils [polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)] into the lung is an im... more Infiltration of activated neutrophils [polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)] into the lung is an important component of the inflammatory response in acute lung injury. The signals required to direct PMN into the different compartments of the lung have not been fully elucidated. In a murine model of LPS-induced lung injury, we investigated the sequential recruitment of PMN into the pulmonary vasculature, lung interstitium, and alveolar space. Mice were exposed to aerosolized LPS and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), and lungs were harvested at different time points. We developed a flow cytometry-based technique to assess in vivo trafficking of PMN in the intravascular and extravascular lung compartments. Aerosolized LPS induced consistent PMN migration into all lung compartments. We found that sequestration in the pulmonary vasculature occurred within the first hour. Transendothelial migration into the interstitial space started 1 h after LPS exposure and increased continuously until...
In this paper a new approach to face recognition is presented that achieves double dimension redu... more In this paper a new approach to face recognition is presented that achieves double dimension reduction, making the system computationally efficient with better recognition results and out perform common DCT technique of face recognition. In pattern recognition techniques, discriminative information of image increases with increase in resolution to a certain extent, consequently face recognition results change with change in face image resolution and provide optimal results when arriving at a certain resolution level. In the proposed model of face recognition, initially image decimation algorithm is applied on face image for dimension reduction to a certain resolution level which provides best recognition results. Due to increased computational speed and feature extraction potential of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), it is applied on face image. A subset of coefficients of DCT from low to mid frequencies that represent the face adequately and provides best recognition results is ret...
A compressed sensing based array diagnosis technique has been presented. This technique starts fr... more A compressed sensing based array diagnosis technique has been presented. This technique starts from collecting the measurements of the far-field pattern. The system linking the difference between the field measured using the healthy reference array and the field radiated by the array under test is solved using a genetic algorithm (GA), parallel coordinate descent (PCD) algorithm, and then a hybridized GA with PCD algorithm. These algorithms are applied for fully and partially defective antenna arrays. The simulation results indicate that the proposed hybrid algorithm outperforms in terms of localization of element failure with a small number of measurements. In the proposed algorithm, the slow and early convergence of GA has been avoided by combining it with PCD algorithm. It has been shown that the hybrid GA-PCD algorithm provides an accurate diagnosis of fully and partially defective sensors as compared to GA or PCD alone. Different simulations have been provided to validate the p...
In this work we have proposed a new approach for array antenna beamforming based on evolutionary ... more In this work we have proposed a new approach for array antenna beamforming based on evolutionary computing, which offers low probability of intercept. These active array antennas are highly vulnerable to intercept receivers due to their high-gain. The detection performance of proposed approach remains unchanged as the amount of energy on the target is same as that of the high gain beam pattern, while the intercept range of the enemy receiver has been greatly reduced. In this paper, the set of complex weights for synthesis of high gain beam pattern using spoiled set of basis patterns is derived using genetic algorithm. The two major advantages of proposed algorithm are the improved performance and at the same time the low complexity specifically by avoiding the matrix inversions. Simulation results ensure that the beam synthesized by this technique is at par with the existing LPI beamforming techniques employing phased arrays.
IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2015
ABSTRACT Phased MIMO (multiple input and multiple output) radar has been proposed in the recent y... more ABSTRACT Phased MIMO (multiple input and multiple output) radar has been proposed in the recent years to exploit the coherent processing gain of phased array radar and the waveform diversity of the MIMO radar. The transmit array is divided into subarrays of equal length to show some improvements as compared to both phased array and MIMO radar alone. In this letter, a hybrid phased MIMO radar with unequal subarrays has been proposed to steer multiple beams of different gain and unique waveforms towards a particular target. The unequal size and greater length of subarrays give an extra degree of freedom by illuminating the small targets with more focused beams. As a result, the echoes received by the receiver provide better information about the target. The effectiveness of proposed scheme is shown through simulation results.
2015 12th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST), 2015
Frequency diverse array (FDA) radars have the ability to generate a beam pattern that is a functi... more Frequency diverse array (FDA) radars have the ability to generate a beam pattern that is a function of range angle and time. The wavy beam pattern can be controlled by using a suitable frequency increment applied at the input of the array elements. Instead of using fixed frequency increment for FDA, we propose a cognitive frequency offset calculation method that supports to beam steer the target position (direction and range), adaptively. The receiver estimates the position of the target and tunnels the predicted position to the transmitter. Based on the feedback from the receiver, the proposed transmitter calculates the new frequency increment at each cycle. Monte-Carlo based simulation results validate the performance of the proposed method.
2009 International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology - Spring Conference, 2009
Abstract Video segmentation has been and is likely to be an important component of the content-ba... more Abstract Video segmentation has been and is likely to be an important component of the content-based video acquisition and retrieval systems. In this paper, we have proposed an video segmentation technique that uses Kohonanpsilas self organizing map (SOM) neural network for segmentation of color videos. It has been observed that, SOM training if performed on the wavelet-transformed video, not only reduces the training time of the SOM but also make more compact segments. Our experiments have shown better results ...
2008 4th International Conference on Emerging Technologies, 2008
Iris localization is the most important step in iris recognition systems, due to the fact that al... more Iris localization is the most important step in iris recognition systems, due to the fact that all the subsequent steps, iris normalization, feature extraction and matching, depends on its accuracy. Iris localization means segmentation of iris from the other parts of eye like pupil, sclera, eyelids and eyelashes in the image of an eye. A new method of exact pupil
Face recognition in today's technological world, and face recognition applications attain muc... more Face recognition in today's technological world, and face recognition applications attain much more importance. Most of the existing work used frontal face images to classify face image. However these techniques fail when applied on real world face images. The proposed technique effectively extracts the prominent facial features. Most of the features are redundant and do not contribute to representing face. In order to eliminate those redundant features, computationally efficient algorithm is used to select the more discriminative face features. Extracted features are then passed to classification step. In the classification step, different classifiers are ensemble to enhance the recognition accuracy rate as single classifier is unable to achieve the high accuracy. Experiments are performed on standard face database images and results are compared with existing techniques.
International journal of pharmaceutics, Jan 10, 2014
Ink-jet printing is a versatile, precise and relatively inexpensive method of depositing small vo... more Ink-jet printing is a versatile, precise and relatively inexpensive method of depositing small volumes of solutions with remarkable accuracy and repeatability. Although developed primarily as a technology for image reproduction, its areas of application have expanded significantly in recent years. It is particularly suited to the manufacture of low dose medicines or to short production runs and so offers a potential manufacturing solution for the paradigm of personalised medicines. This review discusses the technical and clinical aspects of ink-jet printing that must be considered in order for the technology to become widely adopted in the pharmaceutical arena and considers applications in the literature.
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