Sweetpotato is an important source of calories and pro-vitamin A in the developing world. However... more Sweetpotato is an important source of calories and pro-vitamin A in the developing world. However, the crop suffers major diseases resulting in significant yield losses. Field screening of sweetpotato germplasm for resistance to sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) and Alternaria stem blight has commonly been based on symptom severity and incidence of plants infected with the diseases following natural infection. In this study, new sources of SPVD resistance from the International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru, were evaluated in the field at Namulonge in Uganda under high SPVD pressure and moderate Alternaria blight pressure. The objective was to identify SPVD resistant genotypes for use as parents in sweetpotato population improvement at Namulonge for the East and Central Africa sub-region. A total of 1,410 genotypes were evaluated for SPVD and Alternaria blight resistance in replicated field trials for three seasons, during 2010 to 2012. Based on field symptoms, virus titer accumulation in 12 promising genotypes were assayed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Clone 24.7 was identified as a parental source for SPVD and Alternaria blight resistance based on low field symptom expression, and low virus titer accumulation
2018 2nd International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE), 2018
World is witnessing the shift of global dependencies from fossil fuels to renewable resources. So... more World is witnessing the shift of global dependencies from fossil fuels to renewable resources. Solar thermal power plants are now replacing conventional power plants for the power production. There is a dire need to design new technologies for clean power generation. In this paper solar tower structure is designed for a 50MW solar thermal power plant. A review of different types of towers used in solar thermal power plant is included at the start. Design process of tower structure is started by designing a tower structure based on the height requirement obtained from ray trace analysis. Then three variants of this structure are designed using angles of different cross section. All variants are analyzed using CAE software and deformation is calculated. Plots of deformation, bending moments and shear force are included. A comparison of all these structures is carried out and the structure which shows minimum deformation is finalized.
This Supporting Information contains five files:<br><br>1. Extended Material and Meth... more This Supporting Information contains five files:<br><br>1. Extended Material and Methods.pdf: Detailed description of the material and methods used in the manuscript<br><br>2. S1 File.pdf: Reference genome assisted map improvement Figures and Likelihood tables<br><br>3. S2 File.xlsx: Final genetic map containing marker names, linkage groups, position, parental phase information, and position in two diploid reference genomes.<br><br>4. Supplemental_Figures.pdf: Supplemental Figures S1 Fig. to S13 Fig.<br><br>5. Supplemental_Tables.pdf: Supplemental Figures S1 Table to S5 Table<br><br>6. myGBSGenos_trifida_mergedSNPs_mergedTaxa_ch1 to 15: Raw VCF files with SNPs anchored in I. trifida reference genome.<br><br>7. myGBSGenos_triloba_mergedSNPs_mergedTaxa_ch1 to 15: Raw VCF files with SNPs anchored in I. triloba reference genome.
Table S1Â and Table S2. Table S1. The Accession numbers of SnRK2s from Arabidopsis, rice and maiz... more Table S1Â and Table S2. Table S1. The Accession numbers of SnRK2s from Arabidopsis, rice and maize. Table S2. Oligonucleotides used for StSnRK2 cloning and qRT-PCR. (DOCX 21Â kb)
Additional file 1: Table S1. Apple scab resistance response type of 177 Malus accessions in four ... more Additional file 1: Table S1. Apple scab resistance response type of 177 Malus accessions in four blocks (replications) across six sampling dates in 2018 and 2019. Resistance response type was evaluated in a research orchard at Geneva, New York by visually assessing scab severity on single leaves throughout the visible tree canopy of single trees/accessions in each replicated block. Plant Introduction (PI) number of each accession is provided according to the USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
File S1 contains phenotypic data. File S2 contains genetic map information used in this study. Fi... more File S1 contains phenotypic data. File S2 contains genetic map information used in this study. File S3 is the raw expression abundance matrix. File S4 is the log2 FPKM expression matrix. File S5 contains the differentially expressed genes associated with this study. Supplemental figures (Figure S1 through S5) and tables (Table S1 through S5) are grouped in their respective PDF files.
Additional file 1: Figure S1. Boxplots showing variation in different root (A-B), shoot (C-E), an... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. Boxplots showing variation in different root (A-B), shoot (C-E), and fire blight infection (F) traits in 45 grafted scion genotypes on 'M.7' rootstocks.
Additional file 9: Table S1. List of genotypes used for analysis of relationships between root tr... more Additional file 9: Table S1. List of genotypes used for analysis of relationships between root traits and disease severity.
Additional file 15. DEGs between control and fire blight infected samples in RAC-1 and RAC-4 at 4... more Additional file 15. DEGs between control and fire blight infected samples in RAC-1 and RAC-4 at 4 and 8 dai.
2019 13th International Conference on Mathematics, Actuarial Science, Computer Science and Statistics (MACS), 2019
In digital images, blur wraps significant information and makes automatic image analysis a challe... more In digital images, blur wraps significant information and makes automatic image analysis a challenging task for computer vision algorithms. Hence, accurate blur detection and classification becomes essential to understand the information wrapped up in blurry images. In this paper, we proposed a novel automatic blur and non-blur region detection, and classification technique “Frequency-based Multi-level Fusion Transformation” (FMFT) to detect the unwanted blurry region and classify the blur and non-blur regions using single image processing. Our proposed approach mainly works with frequency sub-bands in patch wise manner, without having any prior information regarding camera configuration, type of blur and intensity of blur. Moreover, the detected Tri-Map from FMFT is further processed to perform blur and non-blur regions classification along with sharp object detection from blurry images using KNN-Matting. The average F1-score of 0.98 signifies the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of blur detection and classification. Additionally, the proposed method also outperforms existing state-of-the-art techniques.
2018 2nd International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE), 2018
It is evident from recent developments that world is shifting from fossil fuels to renewable reso... more It is evident from recent developments that world is shifting from fossil fuels to renewable resources for clean energy production. Among these renewable technologies, solar is most predicted and consistent source of energy. Power plants based on solar thermal technologies are increasing. Solar thermal power plants are efficient and clean replacement of fossil fuel power plants. In this paper Heliostat structure is designed for 50MW solar thermal plant. Firstly three variants of Heliostat structure are designed using CAD software. Variation is carried out in different parts. CAE model is developed for all structures and simulations are carried out. Post processing of the results is done and deformation is calculated. A comparison of all these structure is carried out and the structure which shows minimum deformation and greater rigidity is finalized.
Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a major threat to apple and pear produ... more Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a major threat to apple and pear production in New York State. Cultivated apple varieties have varying levels of susceptibility to f ire blight . However, at any one time, many E . amy l o v o ra s t r a i n s w i t h v a r y i n g aggressiveness exist in apple orchards, so the same cultivar can have dif ferent levels of fire blight infection (Norelli et al. 1984, 1986). T he severity of a fire blight infection is the result of the interaction between resistance genes and the genetics of pathogen strains, as well as the phenological stage of host cultivars. The presence of primary inoculum and the pathogenicity levels of those bacterial strains are critical factors in infection severity. The unique growth characteristics of different strains of E. amylovora also affect the rate of internal movement in infected tissue in a given length of time. As a result, orchards in one geographical area may experience more severe fire bli...
Given a query location and a set of query keywords, a top-k spatial keyword query rank objects ba... more Given a query location and a set of query keywords, a top-k spatial keyword query rank objects based on the distance to the query location and textual relevance to the query keywords. Several solutions have been proposed for top-k spatial keyword queries in Euclidean space. However, few algorithms study top-k keyword queries in undirected road networks where every road segment is undirected. Even worse, insufficient attention has been given to the processing of keyword queries in directed road networks where each road segment has a particular orientation. Therefore, in this paper, we present an algorithm called eSPAK that can efficiently answer the top-k spatial keyword queries in directed road networks. Our experimental results demonstrate that eSPAK significantly outperforms conventional solution in terms of query processing cost.
요 약 Recent progress in Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) and Gen-Z Interconnect introduce a new type of m... more 요 약 Recent progress in Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) and Gen-Z Interconnect introduce a new type of memory pool called Fabric-Attached Memory(FAM). Until today, the massive memory pools are built via shared memory but often with severe overhead. Unlike existing solutions, FAM provides scalable memory pool with a near-local access latency. However, such hardware changes entail huge changes in software platform. To this end, we propose a scalable software platform based on the container which is widely deployed in many scalable systems. First, our platform provides extensible control plane to containers by employing broker container that accepts OpenFAM APIs. Second, we designed the data plane using bind mount to keep FAM’s direct access with memory semantic. Our control plane showed only average 7.62% drops in IOPS and 8.13% latency increase compared to without container. Also there is only negligible overhead in our data plane.
2017 IEEE 2nd International Workshops on Foundations and Applications of Self* Systems (FAS*W), 2017
Recent developments in storage class memory such as PCM, MRAM, RRAM, and STT-RAM have strengthene... more Recent developments in storage class memory such as PCM, MRAM, RRAM, and STT-RAM have strengthened their leadership as storage media for memory-based file systems. Traditional Linux memory-based file systems such as Ramfs and Tmpfs utilize the Linux page cache as a file system. These file systems, when adopted as a file system for SCM, have the following problems. First, current implementation of Ramfs and Tmpfs has no mechanism to explicitly allocate pages from specific memory. Second, memory pages allocated from SCM do not have to follow the Linux kernel's page allocation process exactly. This results in unnecessary performance overhead. To resolve the aforementioned challenges, we propose the development of ZonFS, a memory-based file system using Memory Zone Partitioning. ZonFS is implemented by extending the Linux Ramfs. In particular, we defined a memory zone for SCM, modified the Ramfs to allocate a file system page from SCM. ZonFS implementation avoids running unnecessary Linux VM codes such as (i) inserting a page allocated from SCM into the LRU list for VM page replacement and (ii) checking dirty pages for write back to disk. We also modified the Ramfs to allocate inode cache in SCM and eliminated the risk of inode cache loss in case of power failure. Extensive evaluation indicates that ZonFS has up to 9.1% and 13.8% higher I/O throughputs than native Ramfs and Tmpfs.
2018 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE), 2018
With the increasing adoption of edge computing, the capacity requirements of the edge servers are... more With the increasing adoption of edge computing, the capacity requirements of the edge servers are also growing. Especially the data volume generated from a large number of edge clients and/or edge devices demand more capacity to be able to store them for processing. The growing gap between the data volume and current storage capacity is motivating the need towards building aggregated storage spaces. Aggregated storage can be an effective way to extend edge servers' overall storage capacity by combining storage resources of other nodes under the agreement to share. Several Federation file systems exist to meet this aggregate storage needs but are not without limitations. Dependency to the specific software stack makes it unfit for general-purpose use and they often neglect important features critical for the performance. In this paper, we address the important challenges of building the Federation on top of edge servers with the heterogeneous file system and resource configurations. We prototyped EDGESTORE, a Federation File System for Edge Servers. EDGESTORE equips the users with an aggregate storage namespace and federates resources of edge servers, to enable high resource-sharing in Federation. We propose, Job and Resource-Aware Request Placement algorithm (JRAP) to take advantage of edge server resource heterogeneity. To evaluate the usefulness of EDGESTORE, we consider two federation scenarios i) with same resource configurations and ii) with different resource configurations. We evaluate the efficacy of various big data applications from data storage to analysis using EDGESTORE on a real testbed.
Sweetpotato is an important source of calories and pro-vitamin A in the developing world. However... more Sweetpotato is an important source of calories and pro-vitamin A in the developing world. However, the crop suffers major diseases resulting in significant yield losses. Field screening of sweetpotato germplasm for resistance to sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) and Alternaria stem blight has commonly been based on symptom severity and incidence of plants infected with the diseases following natural infection. In this study, new sources of SPVD resistance from the International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru, were evaluated in the field at Namulonge in Uganda under high SPVD pressure and moderate Alternaria blight pressure. The objective was to identify SPVD resistant genotypes for use as parents in sweetpotato population improvement at Namulonge for the East and Central Africa sub-region. A total of 1,410 genotypes were evaluated for SPVD and Alternaria blight resistance in replicated field trials for three seasons, during 2010 to 2012. Based on field symptoms, virus titer accumulation in 12 promising genotypes were assayed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Clone 24.7 was identified as a parental source for SPVD and Alternaria blight resistance based on low field symptom expression, and low virus titer accumulation
2018 2nd International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE), 2018
World is witnessing the shift of global dependencies from fossil fuels to renewable resources. So... more World is witnessing the shift of global dependencies from fossil fuels to renewable resources. Solar thermal power plants are now replacing conventional power plants for the power production. There is a dire need to design new technologies for clean power generation. In this paper solar tower structure is designed for a 50MW solar thermal power plant. A review of different types of towers used in solar thermal power plant is included at the start. Design process of tower structure is started by designing a tower structure based on the height requirement obtained from ray trace analysis. Then three variants of this structure are designed using angles of different cross section. All variants are analyzed using CAE software and deformation is calculated. Plots of deformation, bending moments and shear force are included. A comparison of all these structures is carried out and the structure which shows minimum deformation is finalized.
This Supporting Information contains five files:<br><br>1. Extended Material and Meth... more This Supporting Information contains five files:<br><br>1. Extended Material and Methods.pdf: Detailed description of the material and methods used in the manuscript<br><br>2. S1 File.pdf: Reference genome assisted map improvement Figures and Likelihood tables<br><br>3. S2 File.xlsx: Final genetic map containing marker names, linkage groups, position, parental phase information, and position in two diploid reference genomes.<br><br>4. Supplemental_Figures.pdf: Supplemental Figures S1 Fig. to S13 Fig.<br><br>5. Supplemental_Tables.pdf: Supplemental Figures S1 Table to S5 Table<br><br>6. myGBSGenos_trifida_mergedSNPs_mergedTaxa_ch1 to 15: Raw VCF files with SNPs anchored in I. trifida reference genome.<br><br>7. myGBSGenos_triloba_mergedSNPs_mergedTaxa_ch1 to 15: Raw VCF files with SNPs anchored in I. triloba reference genome.
Table S1Â and Table S2. Table S1. The Accession numbers of SnRK2s from Arabidopsis, rice and maiz... more Table S1Â and Table S2. Table S1. The Accession numbers of SnRK2s from Arabidopsis, rice and maize. Table S2. Oligonucleotides used for StSnRK2 cloning and qRT-PCR. (DOCX 21Â kb)
Additional file 1: Table S1. Apple scab resistance response type of 177 Malus accessions in four ... more Additional file 1: Table S1. Apple scab resistance response type of 177 Malus accessions in four blocks (replications) across six sampling dates in 2018 and 2019. Resistance response type was evaluated in a research orchard at Geneva, New York by visually assessing scab severity on single leaves throughout the visible tree canopy of single trees/accessions in each replicated block. Plant Introduction (PI) number of each accession is provided according to the USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
File S1 contains phenotypic data. File S2 contains genetic map information used in this study. Fi... more File S1 contains phenotypic data. File S2 contains genetic map information used in this study. File S3 is the raw expression abundance matrix. File S4 is the log2 FPKM expression matrix. File S5 contains the differentially expressed genes associated with this study. Supplemental figures (Figure S1 through S5) and tables (Table S1 through S5) are grouped in their respective PDF files.
Additional file 1: Figure S1. Boxplots showing variation in different root (A-B), shoot (C-E), an... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. Boxplots showing variation in different root (A-B), shoot (C-E), and fire blight infection (F) traits in 45 grafted scion genotypes on 'M.7' rootstocks.
Additional file 9: Table S1. List of genotypes used for analysis of relationships between root tr... more Additional file 9: Table S1. List of genotypes used for analysis of relationships between root traits and disease severity.
Additional file 15. DEGs between control and fire blight infected samples in RAC-1 and RAC-4 at 4... more Additional file 15. DEGs between control and fire blight infected samples in RAC-1 and RAC-4 at 4 and 8 dai.
2019 13th International Conference on Mathematics, Actuarial Science, Computer Science and Statistics (MACS), 2019
In digital images, blur wraps significant information and makes automatic image analysis a challe... more In digital images, blur wraps significant information and makes automatic image analysis a challenging task for computer vision algorithms. Hence, accurate blur detection and classification becomes essential to understand the information wrapped up in blurry images. In this paper, we proposed a novel automatic blur and non-blur region detection, and classification technique “Frequency-based Multi-level Fusion Transformation” (FMFT) to detect the unwanted blurry region and classify the blur and non-blur regions using single image processing. Our proposed approach mainly works with frequency sub-bands in patch wise manner, without having any prior information regarding camera configuration, type of blur and intensity of blur. Moreover, the detected Tri-Map from FMFT is further processed to perform blur and non-blur regions classification along with sharp object detection from blurry images using KNN-Matting. The average F1-score of 0.98 signifies the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of blur detection and classification. Additionally, the proposed method also outperforms existing state-of-the-art techniques.
2018 2nd International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE), 2018
It is evident from recent developments that world is shifting from fossil fuels to renewable reso... more It is evident from recent developments that world is shifting from fossil fuels to renewable resources for clean energy production. Among these renewable technologies, solar is most predicted and consistent source of energy. Power plants based on solar thermal technologies are increasing. Solar thermal power plants are efficient and clean replacement of fossil fuel power plants. In this paper Heliostat structure is designed for 50MW solar thermal plant. Firstly three variants of Heliostat structure are designed using CAD software. Variation is carried out in different parts. CAE model is developed for all structures and simulations are carried out. Post processing of the results is done and deformation is calculated. A comparison of all these structure is carried out and the structure which shows minimum deformation and greater rigidity is finalized.
Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a major threat to apple and pear produ... more Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a major threat to apple and pear production in New York State. Cultivated apple varieties have varying levels of susceptibility to f ire blight . However, at any one time, many E . amy l o v o ra s t r a i n s w i t h v a r y i n g aggressiveness exist in apple orchards, so the same cultivar can have dif ferent levels of fire blight infection (Norelli et al. 1984, 1986). T he severity of a fire blight infection is the result of the interaction between resistance genes and the genetics of pathogen strains, as well as the phenological stage of host cultivars. The presence of primary inoculum and the pathogenicity levels of those bacterial strains are critical factors in infection severity. The unique growth characteristics of different strains of E. amylovora also affect the rate of internal movement in infected tissue in a given length of time. As a result, orchards in one geographical area may experience more severe fire bli...
Given a query location and a set of query keywords, a top-k spatial keyword query rank objects ba... more Given a query location and a set of query keywords, a top-k spatial keyword query rank objects based on the distance to the query location and textual relevance to the query keywords. Several solutions have been proposed for top-k spatial keyword queries in Euclidean space. However, few algorithms study top-k keyword queries in undirected road networks where every road segment is undirected. Even worse, insufficient attention has been given to the processing of keyword queries in directed road networks where each road segment has a particular orientation. Therefore, in this paper, we present an algorithm called eSPAK that can efficiently answer the top-k spatial keyword queries in directed road networks. Our experimental results demonstrate that eSPAK significantly outperforms conventional solution in terms of query processing cost.
요 약 Recent progress in Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) and Gen-Z Interconnect introduce a new type of m... more 요 약 Recent progress in Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) and Gen-Z Interconnect introduce a new type of memory pool called Fabric-Attached Memory(FAM). Until today, the massive memory pools are built via shared memory but often with severe overhead. Unlike existing solutions, FAM provides scalable memory pool with a near-local access latency. However, such hardware changes entail huge changes in software platform. To this end, we propose a scalable software platform based on the container which is widely deployed in many scalable systems. First, our platform provides extensible control plane to containers by employing broker container that accepts OpenFAM APIs. Second, we designed the data plane using bind mount to keep FAM’s direct access with memory semantic. Our control plane showed only average 7.62% drops in IOPS and 8.13% latency increase compared to without container. Also there is only negligible overhead in our data plane.
2017 IEEE 2nd International Workshops on Foundations and Applications of Self* Systems (FAS*W), 2017
Recent developments in storage class memory such as PCM, MRAM, RRAM, and STT-RAM have strengthene... more Recent developments in storage class memory such as PCM, MRAM, RRAM, and STT-RAM have strengthened their leadership as storage media for memory-based file systems. Traditional Linux memory-based file systems such as Ramfs and Tmpfs utilize the Linux page cache as a file system. These file systems, when adopted as a file system for SCM, have the following problems. First, current implementation of Ramfs and Tmpfs has no mechanism to explicitly allocate pages from specific memory. Second, memory pages allocated from SCM do not have to follow the Linux kernel's page allocation process exactly. This results in unnecessary performance overhead. To resolve the aforementioned challenges, we propose the development of ZonFS, a memory-based file system using Memory Zone Partitioning. ZonFS is implemented by extending the Linux Ramfs. In particular, we defined a memory zone for SCM, modified the Ramfs to allocate a file system page from SCM. ZonFS implementation avoids running unnecessary Linux VM codes such as (i) inserting a page allocated from SCM into the LRU list for VM page replacement and (ii) checking dirty pages for write back to disk. We also modified the Ramfs to allocate inode cache in SCM and eliminated the risk of inode cache loss in case of power failure. Extensive evaluation indicates that ZonFS has up to 9.1% and 13.8% higher I/O throughputs than native Ramfs and Tmpfs.
2018 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE), 2018
With the increasing adoption of edge computing, the capacity requirements of the edge servers are... more With the increasing adoption of edge computing, the capacity requirements of the edge servers are also growing. Especially the data volume generated from a large number of edge clients and/or edge devices demand more capacity to be able to store them for processing. The growing gap between the data volume and current storage capacity is motivating the need towards building aggregated storage spaces. Aggregated storage can be an effective way to extend edge servers' overall storage capacity by combining storage resources of other nodes under the agreement to share. Several Federation file systems exist to meet this aggregate storage needs but are not without limitations. Dependency to the specific software stack makes it unfit for general-purpose use and they often neglect important features critical for the performance. In this paper, we address the important challenges of building the Federation on top of edge servers with the heterogeneous file system and resource configurations. We prototyped EDGESTORE, a Federation File System for Edge Servers. EDGESTORE equips the users with an aggregate storage namespace and federates resources of edge servers, to enable high resource-sharing in Federation. We propose, Job and Resource-Aware Request Placement algorithm (JRAP) to take advantage of edge server resource heterogeneity. To evaluate the usefulness of EDGESTORE, we consider two federation scenarios i) with same resource configurations and ii) with different resource configurations. We evaluate the efficacy of various big data applications from data storage to analysis using EDGESTORE on a real testbed.
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