International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2024
Wrongly considered a "weed", Couchgrass is a tenacious grass whose rhizome (underground stems) co... more Wrongly considered a "weed", Couchgrass is a tenacious grass whose rhizome (underground stems) contains many compounds with diuretic, draining and purifying properties. This fiber is traditionally used to improve the characteristics of the soil for earth constructions. This study is intended to physically characterize couchgrass fibers (ELYTRIGIA REPENS). The fibers, collected in AGOE DALIKO in Togo, cut into pieces of dimensions of approximately 3 to 5 cm, underwent identification tests, physical and water characterizations. Couchgrass fibers have an apparent density of 0.49 and an absolute density of 1.6. They become saturated with water after an imbibition time of 2.5 h and lose their water after drying times of 128 h, 80 h and 3 h at exposure temperatures of 29°C, 32°C and 140°C. After 2 h to 3 h, couch grass fibres completely lose their properties. This study has highlighted the sensitivity of couch grass fibres to water and heat, allowing provisions to be made regarding their use as reinforcing fibres for earth constructions.
International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2024
The study area is located in Khartoum, Khartoum State, central Sudan. The research dealt with stu... more The study area is located in Khartoum, Khartoum State, central Sudan. The research dealt with studying the ancient depositional environments, architecture, facies types, and sedimentary paleogeography of the Omdurman Formation (Upper-Cretaceous), northern part of the Khartoum Basin. Few studies were conducted in the study area, so this study will add more clarity to the Basin, fieldwork was conducted, geological observations were recorded, in addition to grain size analysis was done by using the sieve analysis technique. Lithofacies analysis indicates that the Omdurman Formation contains matrix-supported conglomerate (Gm), trough cross-bedded sandstone facies (St), plane cross-bedded sandstone facies (Sp), laminated silt facies (Fl), and massive mudstone facies. (Fm). In this member (Al-Markhiyat) coarse facies are common and some fine facies appear such as the alluvial facies (Fl) and the massive mudstone facies (Fm). This facies was deposited by braided, slightly meandering rivers characterized by shallow channels. The second, which is the bottom, is called the Umbada Member, as this member shows fining upward facies sequences of vertically accumulated sediments of channels and islands. The depositional model of the Omdurman Formation can be represented by a coarse-upward depositional cycle that appears to be controlled by internal and external factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY, 2024
This present research consists in realizing a model of cold room for the conservation of pharmace... more This present research consists in realizing a model of cold room for the conservation of pharmaceutical products in the health center of Porédaka in Mamou in the Republic of Guinea. During this realization, we used the components necessary for its installation, then we chose the experimental model and then, proceed to the cutting and assembly. The prototype produced works with three temperature ranges which are defined as follows: from the point of operation for the conservation of pharmaceutical products, there are cold rooms whose conservation in ambient temperature between 15 ° C and 25 ° C, those of refrigeration whose temperature ranges vary from 2 ° C to 8 ° and finally those whose operating temperature varies between -20 ° C and -80 ° C (freezing). Considering all these temperature ranges that our prototype supports, we can say that three cold rooms have been made in one.
International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2024
The aim of this work is to carry out a numerical analysis of the radiative, conductive and convec... more The aim of this work is to carry out a numerical analysis of the radiative, conductive and convective transfers in the walls of a 2D cold room in order to determine the temperature variation from outside to inside. The device, powered by photovoltaic solar panels installed above the roof via a refrigeration unit, is adjoined by a technical room. The cold store, including the technical room, measuring 5.10 m × 3.00 m × 2.60 m, rests on concrete blocks some 40 cm above the ground, creating a hollow space. Its main purpose is to reduce rising damp. A program was developed in Matlab software to calculate the global radiation received on each wall, including the roof. Thus, for each month from March to May, we calculated the global flux received by the walls on a typical day of the corresponding month. This report presents the computational simulation model implemented using COMSOL Multiphysics, CFD (Computational Fluids Dynamic) software for thermo-fluid-dynamic simulations. We were able to obtain a maximum temperature of 315 K for the outer face and 280.14 K for the inner face. The results of this numerical analysis are validated with those of the program developed on Matlab
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY , 2022
In the Global scenario of communication, Internet of Things provides the better way to interact w... more In the Global scenario of communication, Internet of Things provides the better way to interact with. Healthcare system using IoT is the combination of advance conceptual form of multidisciplinary engineering and medical field which benefit the innovations towards health-care systems. At present scenario, IoT is often incorporated with remote health monitoring solutions, for those who require regular attention such as aged patients and patient with severe conditions. Heavy traffic conditions have always become a burden to ambulance services which results sometimes fatal to critical condition patients. By considering the situation smart ambulance is a solution for the remote observation of patient's body parameters. Here, two innovative ideas have been proposed where an IoT based vehicle takes automatic control actions during emergency inside the ambulance which would be a life savior of patients during hospitalization and incorporation of medical drones to supply the lifesaving drugs inside the ambulance tracking from the nearest location at the shortest period of time. After incorporation with several cases the system comes out with the efficiency of 95%. With this proposed system society will get benefitted specially during the ongoing covid19 pandemic situation by maintaining social distancing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY, 2021
The COVID-19 pandemic affect healthcare professionals around the globe. Psychological effects in ... more The COVID-19 pandemic affect healthcare professionals around the globe. Psychological effects in countries like Afghanistan are higher as compare to other countries where such illnesses are still stigmatized and untreated. Therefore, this research is conducted to examine the prevalence and associated features of anxiety and depression in workers of Nangarhar public health hospital during COVID-19 outbreak. For accomplishment of research objective, a descriptive, cross-sectional research of n=359 healthcare workers were conducted from September 15 to December 15, 2020 in Nangarhar public health hospital. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the General Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 instruments, respectively. The Chi-squared test was used to evaluate the association between demographic variables age, gender, education, designation, job experience, and COVID-19 exposure with anxiety and depression. The outcomes indicated that doctors were more likely than other health care professionals to suffer from anxiety and depression; 61.5% severe anxiety and 76.9% severe depression with p value 0.000. Furthermore, depression and mild to moderate anxiety were found high in females whereas severe anxiety and depression was found high in males: 69.2% of sever anxiety and 76.9% of severe depression with p value 0.000. In sum doctors who deal with patients with COVID-19 are more likely to experience significant anxiety and depression. Early detection and supportive treatment are critical to ensuring that clinical and paramedical personnel allocated to patient care have access to physical and mental health services.
Clinical decision making is a complex task for physicians since it requires the utmost accuracy o... more Clinical decision making is a complex task for physicians since it requires the utmost accuracy of diagnosis. This paper proposes a medical decision support system based on Genetic Algorithm and Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) for the diagnosis of diabetes on a Pima Indian Diabetes dataset of UCI machine learning repository. The proposed system uses Genetic algorithm selects a more significant feature subset from the given feature set of the dataset and uses Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) for The results show the classification accuracy of the proposed system outperforms that of various existing systems. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed using various parameters like classification accuracy, using 10 -fold crossvalidation and confusion matrix.
Wireless sensor networks are becoming very popular from daily life to environmental monitoring, a... more Wireless sensor networks are becoming very popular from daily life to environmental monitoring, agriculture, health care, home automation and many more. The survey on these types of networks showed that, the deployment of such sensor networks has dramatically improved in recent years and will boost in the future due to the release of two standards by IEEE and ZigBee Alliance, named as IEEE 802.15.4 standard and ZigBee standard respectively. This is because ZigBee is the only unique standard developed for low-power, a low-cost, low-data rate based wireless technology network, that provides network security, and application support services operating on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) Layer wireless standard. Therefore, it will be beneficial to study the performance of IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee sensor networks so that, various solutions can be introduced to improve the quality of such networks. In this paper, the analysis of IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee netw...
Repair and rehabilitation mean restoring the damaged structures to make them fit for serviceabili... more Repair and rehabilitation mean restoring the damaged structures to make them fit for serviceability condition. Rehabilitation of structurally deteriorated RC structures is one of the major tasks for the construction industries worldwide. Use of properly selected repair materials can solve this tough task. Durable repair can be obtained only by matching the properties of the base concrete with those of the repair material intended for use. The selection of repair materials is based on their properties, dimensional stability, modulus of elasticity, permeability, chemical resistance, adhesion with parent concrete, coefficient of thermal expansion, easy to use. This study mainly focusing on different repair technology with different materials and testing’s.
Personnel Scheduling or rostering problem is an assignment of shifts to employees. An efficient w... more Personnel Scheduling or rostering problem is an assignment of shifts to employees. An efficient way of crew scheduling can save the scheduling cost for an organizations by means of using minimum manpower. And mostly cost incurred is due to employees assigned for performing a given task so this cost can be saved by optimizing the process of personnel scheduling. This paper describes a tabu search based heuristic algorithm which is applied on bus driver scheduling problem. Solution to this problem is an assignment of duties such that each employee should know when to work and also which task to perform while working. Finding the solution of this problem is minimization of the overall employees needed to cover all the shifts in the schedule and total service time and total scheduling cost while satisfying all the constraints.
This project deals with design and analysis of connecting rod. The existing connecting rod is man... more This project deals with design and analysis of connecting rod. The existing connecting rod is manufactured using carbon steel. The model of connecting rod is carried out using pro E software and analysis is carried out using ansys 14 software. Finite element analysis of connecting rod is done using forged steel. The parameters like von mises stress, strain, deformation and weight reduction were done in ansys software. Forged steel has increased stiffness, reduced weight and reduce stress and stiffer than other material.
Nanotechnologies as well as Nano scale technologies refer to the broad range of research and appl... more Nanotechnologies as well as Nano scale technologies refer to the broad range of research and applicati ons whose common trait is size. Nanotechnology may be able to create many new materials and devices with a vast range of applications, such as in medicine, electro nics, biomaterials and energy production. One nanometre (nm) is one billionth, or 109, of a meter which means nano metre to a meter is the same as that of a marble to the size of the earth. Green chemistry, also called sustainable che mistry encourages the design of products and proces ses which minimize the use and generation of hazardous substa nces. In this article the applications of Nanotechn ology in different fields are summarized that reduce or elim inate the use or generation of toxic materials and also the synthesis of Nano material and their uses are discu ssed. However the people’s opinion about Nanotechnology throughout the world differs regarding its safe sus tainability in future.
This paper outline the business viability of Distributed or Stand-alone hybrid power system consi... more This paper outline the business viability of Distributed or Stand-alone hybrid power system consisting of Biomass and Diesel versus Traditional Top down grid connected solar power generation. The environment considered in this paper is for RE. It emphasizes and recommends the use of localized renewable hybrid power generation system in order to ascertain a reliable and self sufficient system. The localized renewable system also positively influences the macro economic conditions of area by way of optimization of the components size and the capital investment. The main power source of the energy system is considered as biomass generator and suitable supported by Diesel Generators. The NREL HOMER package is used for optimization realization. The Business viability of Stand-alone hybrid power system consisting of Biomass and Diesel versus Traditional Top down grid connected solar power is done on the basis of Net per unit revenue collected post factoring Transmission, distribution, bil...
In this paper, MOD 16 up counter has been implemented using Cadence front end tools. Verilog RTL ... more In this paper, MOD 16 up counter has been implemented using Cadence front end tools. Verilog RTL has been used for writing the code of counter. The functionality of counter has been tested by writing the testbench of counter and observing its output waveform. Synthesized circuit and gate level netlist is generated by the synthesis tool. It also gives area, power and timing report which is satisfactory for the current design. Finally, physical design of counter is done which includes stages like floorplanning, power planning, placement, clock tree synthesis and routing. Setup time and hold time violations have been checked after routing stage. Total negative slack and worst negative slack have been found to be zero. Total power dissipation is 11767.597 nW and total area occupied by 13 cells of synthesized circuit is 88.200 units.
MOBILE ad hoc networks (MANETs) have attracted a lot of attention due to the popularity of mobile... more MOBILE ad hoc networks (MANETs) have attracted a lot of attention due to the popularity of mobile devices and the advances in wireless communication technologies. A MANET is a peer-to-peer multihop mobile wireless network that has neither a fixed infrastru cture nor a central server. Each node in a MANET acts as a router, and communicates with each other. The resource and mobility constraints of mobile nodes may lead to ne twork partitioning or performance degradation. Several da ta replication techniques have been proposed to min imize performance degradation. Most of them assume that all mobile nodes collaborate fully in terms of shari ng their memory space. In reality, however, some nodes may selfishly decide only to cooperate partially, or not at all, with other nodes. These selfish nodes could then reduce the overall data accessibility in the network. Due to such problem the overall process of MANET got affected. In this work, first examine the impact of selfish nodes in a mobi...
In this paper I presented my simulation work of sim ple circular pipe andnozzle in which included... more In this paper I presented my simulation work of sim ple circular pipe andnozzle in which included model ing, meshing, pressure drop contour, velocity contour an d vel fluent software. I also make the theoretical soluti on of given pressure drop problem and compare this both result.
The Stream Control Transmission Protocol has many features such as multi-streaming and multi-homi... more The Stream Control Transmission Protocol has many features such as multi-streaming and multi-homing, and based on these features that enable to deal with multimedia applications. Therefore, it has become possible to use the SCTP as the transport layer protocol instead of other protocols such as TCP and UDP. Many studies on SCTP have been carried out under different environments in order to measure its performance under various conditions, but it has faced a lot of challenges, especially in the upper layer. The aim of this study is to measure and analysis the performance of throughput, jitter and delay of both SCTP and TCP. Where we prove this goal by compares the results of performance of both the SCTP and TCP over a Wired Network under similar conditions that have SCTP with UDP traffic to reach the desired results. It is expected that the results are obtained will be useful for researchers who want to improve SCTP in the future. It will be conducting all experiments of this researc...
A typical WSN is composed of a large number of computing devices known as nodes embodying limited... more A typical WSN is composed of a large number of computing devices known as nodes embodying limited set of resources. These nodes are interfaced with sensors whose job is to sense and monitor the surrounding environment for various purposes and disseminate sensed data to some special computing devices called destination or base-stations in a coordinated manner where the destination nodes further process and analyze the reported data to draw conclusions about the reported activity. Since the sensors in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) operate independently, their local clocks may not be synchronized with one another. This can cause difficulties when trying to integrate and interpret information sensed at different nodes. Time synchronization of WSNs is crucial to maintain data consistency, coordination, and perform other fundamental operations. Synchronization is considered a critical problem for wireless adhoc networks due to its de-centralized nature and the timing uncertainties intro...
International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2024
Wrongly considered a "weed", Couchgrass is a tenacious grass whose rhizome (underground stems) co... more Wrongly considered a "weed", Couchgrass is a tenacious grass whose rhizome (underground stems) contains many compounds with diuretic, draining and purifying properties. This fiber is traditionally used to improve the characteristics of the soil for earth constructions. This study is intended to physically characterize couchgrass fibers (ELYTRIGIA REPENS). The fibers, collected in AGOE DALIKO in Togo, cut into pieces of dimensions of approximately 3 to 5 cm, underwent identification tests, physical and water characterizations. Couchgrass fibers have an apparent density of 0.49 and an absolute density of 1.6. They become saturated with water after an imbibition time of 2.5 h and lose their water after drying times of 128 h, 80 h and 3 h at exposure temperatures of 29°C, 32°C and 140°C. After 2 h to 3 h, couch grass fibres completely lose their properties. This study has highlighted the sensitivity of couch grass fibres to water and heat, allowing provisions to be made regarding their use as reinforcing fibres for earth constructions.
International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2024
The study area is located in Khartoum, Khartoum State, central Sudan. The research dealt with stu... more The study area is located in Khartoum, Khartoum State, central Sudan. The research dealt with studying the ancient depositional environments, architecture, facies types, and sedimentary paleogeography of the Omdurman Formation (Upper-Cretaceous), northern part of the Khartoum Basin. Few studies were conducted in the study area, so this study will add more clarity to the Basin, fieldwork was conducted, geological observations were recorded, in addition to grain size analysis was done by using the sieve analysis technique. Lithofacies analysis indicates that the Omdurman Formation contains matrix-supported conglomerate (Gm), trough cross-bedded sandstone facies (St), plane cross-bedded sandstone facies (Sp), laminated silt facies (Fl), and massive mudstone facies. (Fm). In this member (Al-Markhiyat) coarse facies are common and some fine facies appear such as the alluvial facies (Fl) and the massive mudstone facies (Fm). This facies was deposited by braided, slightly meandering rivers characterized by shallow channels. The second, which is the bottom, is called the Umbada Member, as this member shows fining upward facies sequences of vertically accumulated sediments of channels and islands. The depositional model of the Omdurman Formation can be represented by a coarse-upward depositional cycle that appears to be controlled by internal and external factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY, 2024
This present research consists in realizing a model of cold room for the conservation of pharmace... more This present research consists in realizing a model of cold room for the conservation of pharmaceutical products in the health center of Porédaka in Mamou in the Republic of Guinea. During this realization, we used the components necessary for its installation, then we chose the experimental model and then, proceed to the cutting and assembly. The prototype produced works with three temperature ranges which are defined as follows: from the point of operation for the conservation of pharmaceutical products, there are cold rooms whose conservation in ambient temperature between 15 ° C and 25 ° C, those of refrigeration whose temperature ranges vary from 2 ° C to 8 ° and finally those whose operating temperature varies between -20 ° C and -80 ° C (freezing). Considering all these temperature ranges that our prototype supports, we can say that three cold rooms have been made in one.
International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2024
The aim of this work is to carry out a numerical analysis of the radiative, conductive and convec... more The aim of this work is to carry out a numerical analysis of the radiative, conductive and convective transfers in the walls of a 2D cold room in order to determine the temperature variation from outside to inside. The device, powered by photovoltaic solar panels installed above the roof via a refrigeration unit, is adjoined by a technical room. The cold store, including the technical room, measuring 5.10 m × 3.00 m × 2.60 m, rests on concrete blocks some 40 cm above the ground, creating a hollow space. Its main purpose is to reduce rising damp. A program was developed in Matlab software to calculate the global radiation received on each wall, including the roof. Thus, for each month from March to May, we calculated the global flux received by the walls on a typical day of the corresponding month. This report presents the computational simulation model implemented using COMSOL Multiphysics, CFD (Computational Fluids Dynamic) software for thermo-fluid-dynamic simulations. We were able to obtain a maximum temperature of 315 K for the outer face and 280.14 K for the inner face. The results of this numerical analysis are validated with those of the program developed on Matlab
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY , 2022
In the Global scenario of communication, Internet of Things provides the better way to interact w... more In the Global scenario of communication, Internet of Things provides the better way to interact with. Healthcare system using IoT is the combination of advance conceptual form of multidisciplinary engineering and medical field which benefit the innovations towards health-care systems. At present scenario, IoT is often incorporated with remote health monitoring solutions, for those who require regular attention such as aged patients and patient with severe conditions. Heavy traffic conditions have always become a burden to ambulance services which results sometimes fatal to critical condition patients. By considering the situation smart ambulance is a solution for the remote observation of patient's body parameters. Here, two innovative ideas have been proposed where an IoT based vehicle takes automatic control actions during emergency inside the ambulance which would be a life savior of patients during hospitalization and incorporation of medical drones to supply the lifesaving drugs inside the ambulance tracking from the nearest location at the shortest period of time. After incorporation with several cases the system comes out with the efficiency of 95%. With this proposed system society will get benefitted specially during the ongoing covid19 pandemic situation by maintaining social distancing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY, 2021
The COVID-19 pandemic affect healthcare professionals around the globe. Psychological effects in ... more The COVID-19 pandemic affect healthcare professionals around the globe. Psychological effects in countries like Afghanistan are higher as compare to other countries where such illnesses are still stigmatized and untreated. Therefore, this research is conducted to examine the prevalence and associated features of anxiety and depression in workers of Nangarhar public health hospital during COVID-19 outbreak. For accomplishment of research objective, a descriptive, cross-sectional research of n=359 healthcare workers were conducted from September 15 to December 15, 2020 in Nangarhar public health hospital. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the General Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 instruments, respectively. The Chi-squared test was used to evaluate the association between demographic variables age, gender, education, designation, job experience, and COVID-19 exposure with anxiety and depression. The outcomes indicated that doctors were more likely than other health care professionals to suffer from anxiety and depression; 61.5% severe anxiety and 76.9% severe depression with p value 0.000. Furthermore, depression and mild to moderate anxiety were found high in females whereas severe anxiety and depression was found high in males: 69.2% of sever anxiety and 76.9% of severe depression with p value 0.000. In sum doctors who deal with patients with COVID-19 are more likely to experience significant anxiety and depression. Early detection and supportive treatment are critical to ensuring that clinical and paramedical personnel allocated to patient care have access to physical and mental health services.
Clinical decision making is a complex task for physicians since it requires the utmost accuracy o... more Clinical decision making is a complex task for physicians since it requires the utmost accuracy of diagnosis. This paper proposes a medical decision support system based on Genetic Algorithm and Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) for the diagnosis of diabetes on a Pima Indian Diabetes dataset of UCI machine learning repository. The proposed system uses Genetic algorithm selects a more significant feature subset from the given feature set of the dataset and uses Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) for The results show the classification accuracy of the proposed system outperforms that of various existing systems. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed using various parameters like classification accuracy, using 10 -fold crossvalidation and confusion matrix.
Wireless sensor networks are becoming very popular from daily life to environmental monitoring, a... more Wireless sensor networks are becoming very popular from daily life to environmental monitoring, agriculture, health care, home automation and many more. The survey on these types of networks showed that, the deployment of such sensor networks has dramatically improved in recent years and will boost in the future due to the release of two standards by IEEE and ZigBee Alliance, named as IEEE 802.15.4 standard and ZigBee standard respectively. This is because ZigBee is the only unique standard developed for low-power, a low-cost, low-data rate based wireless technology network, that provides network security, and application support services operating on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) Layer wireless standard. Therefore, it will be beneficial to study the performance of IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee sensor networks so that, various solutions can be introduced to improve the quality of such networks. In this paper, the analysis of IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee netw...
Repair and rehabilitation mean restoring the damaged structures to make them fit for serviceabili... more Repair and rehabilitation mean restoring the damaged structures to make them fit for serviceability condition. Rehabilitation of structurally deteriorated RC structures is one of the major tasks for the construction industries worldwide. Use of properly selected repair materials can solve this tough task. Durable repair can be obtained only by matching the properties of the base concrete with those of the repair material intended for use. The selection of repair materials is based on their properties, dimensional stability, modulus of elasticity, permeability, chemical resistance, adhesion with parent concrete, coefficient of thermal expansion, easy to use. This study mainly focusing on different repair technology with different materials and testing’s.
Personnel Scheduling or rostering problem is an assignment of shifts to employees. An efficient w... more Personnel Scheduling or rostering problem is an assignment of shifts to employees. An efficient way of crew scheduling can save the scheduling cost for an organizations by means of using minimum manpower. And mostly cost incurred is due to employees assigned for performing a given task so this cost can be saved by optimizing the process of personnel scheduling. This paper describes a tabu search based heuristic algorithm which is applied on bus driver scheduling problem. Solution to this problem is an assignment of duties such that each employee should know when to work and also which task to perform while working. Finding the solution of this problem is minimization of the overall employees needed to cover all the shifts in the schedule and total service time and total scheduling cost while satisfying all the constraints.
This project deals with design and analysis of connecting rod. The existing connecting rod is man... more This project deals with design and analysis of connecting rod. The existing connecting rod is manufactured using carbon steel. The model of connecting rod is carried out using pro E software and analysis is carried out using ansys 14 software. Finite element analysis of connecting rod is done using forged steel. The parameters like von mises stress, strain, deformation and weight reduction were done in ansys software. Forged steel has increased stiffness, reduced weight and reduce stress and stiffer than other material.
Nanotechnologies as well as Nano scale technologies refer to the broad range of research and appl... more Nanotechnologies as well as Nano scale technologies refer to the broad range of research and applicati ons whose common trait is size. Nanotechnology may be able to create many new materials and devices with a vast range of applications, such as in medicine, electro nics, biomaterials and energy production. One nanometre (nm) is one billionth, or 109, of a meter which means nano metre to a meter is the same as that of a marble to the size of the earth. Green chemistry, also called sustainable che mistry encourages the design of products and proces ses which minimize the use and generation of hazardous substa nces. In this article the applications of Nanotechn ology in different fields are summarized that reduce or elim inate the use or generation of toxic materials and also the synthesis of Nano material and their uses are discu ssed. However the people’s opinion about Nanotechnology throughout the world differs regarding its safe sus tainability in future.
This paper outline the business viability of Distributed or Stand-alone hybrid power system consi... more This paper outline the business viability of Distributed or Stand-alone hybrid power system consisting of Biomass and Diesel versus Traditional Top down grid connected solar power generation. The environment considered in this paper is for RE. It emphasizes and recommends the use of localized renewable hybrid power generation system in order to ascertain a reliable and self sufficient system. The localized renewable system also positively influences the macro economic conditions of area by way of optimization of the components size and the capital investment. The main power source of the energy system is considered as biomass generator and suitable supported by Diesel Generators. The NREL HOMER package is used for optimization realization. The Business viability of Stand-alone hybrid power system consisting of Biomass and Diesel versus Traditional Top down grid connected solar power is done on the basis of Net per unit revenue collected post factoring Transmission, distribution, bil...
In this paper, MOD 16 up counter has been implemented using Cadence front end tools. Verilog RTL ... more In this paper, MOD 16 up counter has been implemented using Cadence front end tools. Verilog RTL has been used for writing the code of counter. The functionality of counter has been tested by writing the testbench of counter and observing its output waveform. Synthesized circuit and gate level netlist is generated by the synthesis tool. It also gives area, power and timing report which is satisfactory for the current design. Finally, physical design of counter is done which includes stages like floorplanning, power planning, placement, clock tree synthesis and routing. Setup time and hold time violations have been checked after routing stage. Total negative slack and worst negative slack have been found to be zero. Total power dissipation is 11767.597 nW and total area occupied by 13 cells of synthesized circuit is 88.200 units.
MOBILE ad hoc networks (MANETs) have attracted a lot of attention due to the popularity of mobile... more MOBILE ad hoc networks (MANETs) have attracted a lot of attention due to the popularity of mobile devices and the advances in wireless communication technologies. A MANET is a peer-to-peer multihop mobile wireless network that has neither a fixed infrastru cture nor a central server. Each node in a MANET acts as a router, and communicates with each other. The resource and mobility constraints of mobile nodes may lead to ne twork partitioning or performance degradation. Several da ta replication techniques have been proposed to min imize performance degradation. Most of them assume that all mobile nodes collaborate fully in terms of shari ng their memory space. In reality, however, some nodes may selfishly decide only to cooperate partially, or not at all, with other nodes. These selfish nodes could then reduce the overall data accessibility in the network. Due to such problem the overall process of MANET got affected. In this work, first examine the impact of selfish nodes in a mobi...
In this paper I presented my simulation work of sim ple circular pipe andnozzle in which included... more In this paper I presented my simulation work of sim ple circular pipe andnozzle in which included model ing, meshing, pressure drop contour, velocity contour an d vel fluent software. I also make the theoretical soluti on of given pressure drop problem and compare this both result.
The Stream Control Transmission Protocol has many features such as multi-streaming and multi-homi... more The Stream Control Transmission Protocol has many features such as multi-streaming and multi-homing, and based on these features that enable to deal with multimedia applications. Therefore, it has become possible to use the SCTP as the transport layer protocol instead of other protocols such as TCP and UDP. Many studies on SCTP have been carried out under different environments in order to measure its performance under various conditions, but it has faced a lot of challenges, especially in the upper layer. The aim of this study is to measure and analysis the performance of throughput, jitter and delay of both SCTP and TCP. Where we prove this goal by compares the results of performance of both the SCTP and TCP over a Wired Network under similar conditions that have SCTP with UDP traffic to reach the desired results. It is expected that the results are obtained will be useful for researchers who want to improve SCTP in the future. It will be conducting all experiments of this researc...
A typical WSN is composed of a large number of computing devices known as nodes embodying limited... more A typical WSN is composed of a large number of computing devices known as nodes embodying limited set of resources. These nodes are interfaced with sensors whose job is to sense and monitor the surrounding environment for various purposes and disseminate sensed data to some special computing devices called destination or base-stations in a coordinated manner where the destination nodes further process and analyze the reported data to draw conclusions about the reported activity. Since the sensors in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) operate independently, their local clocks may not be synchronized with one another. This can cause difficulties when trying to integrate and interpret information sensed at different nodes. Time synchronization of WSNs is crucial to maintain data consistency, coordination, and perform other fundamental operations. Synchronization is considered a critical problem for wireless adhoc networks due to its de-centralized nature and the timing uncertainties intro...
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