This article deals with the climate parameters and their possible impact on river discharge in th... more This article deals with the climate parameters and their possible impact on river discharge in the Hindu Kush region using fuzzy logic approach. The study area possesses a diverse geographical setting and is generally an unexplored region in term of research on climatic variability. All the hydro-climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, river discharge, and snowfall are extremely challenging to quantity in case of climate change. There should be a comprehensive study to model and measure the significant four significant hydro-climatic parameters relevant to climate change scenario i.e. rainfall, temperature, snowfall, and discharge (runoff). In this study, a fuzzy logic based-rule model was applied to assists the climatic change variability and trend prediction for all four parameters. Specifically the fuzzy logic rule-based model was used for climate change trends detection in uncertain circumstances. A case study focused on the Swat River Basin in Northern Pakistan was used for validation and calibration of this fuzzy technique in MATrix LABoratory (MATLAB). After modelling, the entire four parameters were further divided into three subparameters. Similarly, in the shape of membership functions a total of fifty-three rules have been generated for fuzzy analysis excluding the duplicate values. After fuzzy modelling, it was concluded from the integrated analysis that an extremely close and high climatic trend association has been verified amongst discharge, temperature, rainfall, and snowfall, whereas the rest of the analysis shows fluctuation.
Ieee Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Dec 1, 2012
ABSTRACT The evolution of rectangular and Gaussian pulses through dispersive media is analyzed us... more ABSTRACT The evolution of rectangular and Gaussian pulses through dispersive media is analyzed using a frequency-domain technique, valid for any kind of modulated input signal propagated through any dispersive medium. Three different metalsaluminum, silver, and goldare considered using the Drude dielectric model to characterize them, at operating frequencies of 1 and 100 THz. A Lorentz model was also tested in the picohertz frequency band. The frequency-domain approach facilitated to separate the different components of the signal after propagating through the dispersive medium: carrier, Brillouin and Sommerfeld fields. In combination with the electric-field intensity plots, the dynamical evolution related to Brillouin and Sommerfeld precursor has shown a different trend in the chosen media, undergoing also an opposite effect on the effective frequency deviation. The case of a finite thickness propagation medium is compared to half-space model showing differences in the precursor evolution behavior. Finally, wi
2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2009
... Muhammad Dawood and Abhilash Peapally Venugopal* New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM,... more ... Muhammad Dawood and Abhilash Peapally Venugopal* New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA. ... Further, for a good range resolution, say 30 cm or 1 ft, 500 MHz of bandwidth is required, which may not be available contiguously within the VHF/UHF band. ...
2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 2010
This study reports the packaging effects of a small-outline package (SOP) on overall electrical c... more This study reports the packaging effects of a small-outline package (SOP) on overall electrical characteristics of RFICs. The parameters of an equivalent coupled-Ï€ model circuit are extracted from simulated S-parameters at low frequency. These parameters are then optimized over the desired frequency range for better accuracy. To verify the obtained circuit model, the tuning characteristic of a voltage controlled oscillator
2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2009
One of the sequences of fundamental core courses for undergraduate (UG) education in Electrical E... more One of the sequences of fundamental core courses for undergraduate (UG) education in Electrical Engineering is Electromagnetics (EM), which is generally offered as a two-course sequence or a one-course at some institutions. It is generally perceived as one of the most difficult ...
Pseudorandom noise-like (PN) waveforms offer performance advantages over other deterministic wave... more Pseudorandom noise-like (PN) waveforms offer performance advantages over other deterministic waveforms. The use of PN sequences, however, give rise to high correlation sidelobes (SL) or high range sidelobes, also called code self noise [1]. Because of these impairments, ...
In this contribution we introduce an approach to improve the remote sensing techniques of vegetat... more In this contribution we introduce an approach to improve the remote sensing techniques of vegetation masses by considering the detection and analysis of the Brillouin precursor in a signal propagated through two different dispersive vegetation media for the frequency band under 3.5GHz. We compare the results due to three different propagated pulses: rectangular, Gaussian and inverted double ramp pulse.
This article deals with the climate parameters and their possible impact on river discharge in th... more This article deals with the climate parameters and their possible impact on river discharge in the Hindu Kush region using fuzzy logic approach. The study area possesses a diverse geographical setting and is generally an unexplored region in term of research on climatic variability. All the hydro-climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, river discharge, and snowfall are extremely challenging to quantity in case of climate change. There should be a comprehensive study to model and measure the significant four significant hydro-climatic parameters relevant to climate change scenario i.e. rainfall, temperature, snowfall, and discharge (runoff). In this study, a fuzzy logic based-rule model was applied to assists the climatic change variability and trend prediction for all four parameters. Specifically the fuzzy logic rule-based model was used for climate change trends detection in uncertain circumstances. A case study focused on the Swat River Basin in Northern Pakistan was used for validation and calibration of this fuzzy technique in MATrix LABoratory (MATLAB). After modelling, the entire four parameters were further divided into three subparameters. Similarly, in the shape of membership functions a total of fifty-three rules have been generated for fuzzy analysis excluding the duplicate values. After fuzzy modelling, it was concluded from the integrated analysis that an extremely close and high climatic trend association has been verified amongst discharge, temperature, rainfall, and snowfall, whereas the rest of the analysis shows fluctuation.
Ieee Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Dec 1, 2012
ABSTRACT The evolution of rectangular and Gaussian pulses through dispersive media is analyzed us... more ABSTRACT The evolution of rectangular and Gaussian pulses through dispersive media is analyzed using a frequency-domain technique, valid for any kind of modulated input signal propagated through any dispersive medium. Three different metalsaluminum, silver, and goldare considered using the Drude dielectric model to characterize them, at operating frequencies of 1 and 100 THz. A Lorentz model was also tested in the picohertz frequency band. The frequency-domain approach facilitated to separate the different components of the signal after propagating through the dispersive medium: carrier, Brillouin and Sommerfeld fields. In combination with the electric-field intensity plots, the dynamical evolution related to Brillouin and Sommerfeld precursor has shown a different trend in the chosen media, undergoing also an opposite effect on the effective frequency deviation. The case of a finite thickness propagation medium is compared to half-space model showing differences in the precursor evolution behavior. Finally, wi
2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2009
... Muhammad Dawood and Abhilash Peapally Venugopal* New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM,... more ... Muhammad Dawood and Abhilash Peapally Venugopal* New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA. ... Further, for a good range resolution, say 30 cm or 1 ft, 500 MHz of bandwidth is required, which may not be available contiguously within the VHF/UHF band. ...
2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 2010
This study reports the packaging effects of a small-outline package (SOP) on overall electrical c... more This study reports the packaging effects of a small-outline package (SOP) on overall electrical characteristics of RFICs. The parameters of an equivalent coupled-Ï€ model circuit are extracted from simulated S-parameters at low frequency. These parameters are then optimized over the desired frequency range for better accuracy. To verify the obtained circuit model, the tuning characteristic of a voltage controlled oscillator
2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2009
One of the sequences of fundamental core courses for undergraduate (UG) education in Electrical E... more One of the sequences of fundamental core courses for undergraduate (UG) education in Electrical Engineering is Electromagnetics (EM), which is generally offered as a two-course sequence or a one-course at some institutions. It is generally perceived as one of the most difficult ...
Pseudorandom noise-like (PN) waveforms offer performance advantages over other deterministic wave... more Pseudorandom noise-like (PN) waveforms offer performance advantages over other deterministic waveforms. The use of PN sequences, however, give rise to high correlation sidelobes (SL) or high range sidelobes, also called code self noise [1]. Because of these impairments, ...
In this contribution we introduce an approach to improve the remote sensing techniques of vegetat... more In this contribution we introduce an approach to improve the remote sensing techniques of vegetation masses by considering the detection and analysis of the Brillouin precursor in a signal propagated through two different dispersive vegetation media for the frequency band under 3.5GHz. We compare the results due to three different propagated pulses: rectangular, Gaussian and inverted double ramp pulse.
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