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Employment and India's development and reforms

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  • Srinivasan, T.N.
Abstract
An analytical description of the employment generation process in the Indian economy and a critical assessment of the concepts and definitions used in various sources of data on employment are presented. Using the data since early 1970s from the National Sample Survey, linear trend regressions on rates of employment, unemployment, labour force participation and employment status (i.e., being self-employed, in regular wage and salary employment and in casual employment) are estimated. They show no sustained trend in the growth and structure of employment. Nearly 60% of the usually employed persons in rural areas and little over 40% in urban areas were self-employed even as recently as 2005-2006. The pursuit of a strategy of capital intensive industrialization founded on insulating the economy from domestic and import competition underlies the poor employment performance. Reforms of strategy began hesitantly in the mid-80s and became more systemic and extensive 1990-1991. Reforms accelerated aggregate growth considerably but had little effect on employment. Only further and deeper reforms can generate sustained and rapid growth of productive employment.

Suggested Citation

  • Srinivasan, T.N., 2010. "Employment and India's development and reforms," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 82-106, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jcecon:v:38:y:2010:i:1:p:82-106
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Narayana, N. S. S. & Parikh, Kirit S. & Srinivasan, T. N., 1988. "Rural works programs in India: Costs and benefits," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 131-156, September.
    2. Dutta Roy, Sudipta, 2004. "Employment dynamics in Indian industry: adjustment lags and the impact of job security regulations," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(1), pages 233-256, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pavnesh Kumar, 2013. "BRICS:The rise of sleeping giant," Working papers 2013-6-17, Voice of Research.
    2. de Vries, Gaaitzen J. & Erumban, Abdul A. & Timmer, Marcel P. & Voskoboynikov, Ilya & Wu, Harry X., 2012. "Deconstructing the BRICs: Structural transformation and aggregate productivity growth," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 211-227.
    3. repec:dgr:rugggd:gd-121 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Amaresh Dubey & Wendy Olsen & Kunal Sen, 2017. "The Decline in the Labour Force Participation of Rural Women in India: Taking a Long-Run View," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 60(4), pages 589-612, December.
    5. M. Narayana, 2015. "India’s Age Structure Transition, Sectoral Labor Productivities, and Economic Growth: Evidence and Implications Based on National Transfer Accounts," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 34(3), pages 381-415, June.

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