Ixodida

Ixodida^[1] es un ordine de arthropodos acarin, apellate ticca o zecca, parasite de animales como cervides, boves o canes, e a vices del human. Vive in le pelle de su hospite. Ticca se alimenta de sanguine et, per su morsura ("piccatura"), pote transmitter maladias.

Wikipedia:Uso de taxobox

Ixodida
Ticca, zecca

Ixode de cervo.

Classification scientific

Dominio:	Eukaryota
Regno:	Animalia
Phylo:	Arthropoda
Classe:	Arachnida
Superordine:	Parasitiformes

Ordine

Ixodida

Superfamilia

Ixodoidea
Leach, 1815

Familias:

Ixodidae – ticcas dur
Argasidae – ticcas molle
Nuttalliellidae (monotypic)
Deinocrotonidae † (monotypic)
Khimairidae † (monotypic)

Cyclo de vita

Ixodes de ove copulante.

Ante de poner lor ovos, le ticcas multiplica su peso per plus de cento alimentante se del sanguine de lor hospites. Le secreto de iste voracitate es un proteina nominate "voraxina" transmittite per le semine del masculo in le momento del copulation, es iste proteina que activa le gluttonia del femina.

Phylogenia

Acari

Parasitiformes

Ixodida (ticcas)

Nuttalliellidae (1 specie, Africa del Sud)

	Ixodidae (ticcas dur, ~700 species)

	Argasidae (ticcas molle, ~200 species)

Mesostigmata (incl. Varroa)

Acariformes

Maladias transmittite per ticcas

Principal maladias ticcaportate include:

Bacterial

Le infectiones causate per bacterios son:

borreliose o maladia de Lyme, transmittite per ticcas del genere Ixodes (Ixodes scapularis, I. pacificus, I. ricinus (Europa), I. persulcatus (Asia))^[2]
febre recurrente (en) potente esser causate per differente Borrelia transmissite par ticcas molle como Carios erraticus (en) o Ornithodoros sonrai
febre maculate (en) causate per:
- Rickettsia rickettsii (en) transmittite per ticcas dur como Dermacentor variabilis (en), D. andersoni, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (en), Amblyomma sculptum (Nord America) o Amblyomma cajennense (en) (Sud America)
- Rickettsia helvetica (en) transmissite par ticcas Ixodes ricinus (Europa)^[3]
- Rickettsia conorii (en) transmittite per ticca del can Rhipicephalus sanguineus (en) (mediterranean regiones)
- Rickettsia australis (en) transmittite per ticcas Ixodes holocyclus (en) o Ixodes tasmani (en) (Australia)
anaplasmose granulocitic human (en) causate per Anaplasma phagocytophilum transmissite par ticcas Amblyomma americanum, I. scapularis (Nord America)
Bartonella: (transmision per ticcas incerte)^[4] ma frequente in ticcas^[5]
tularemia causate per Francisella tularensis, transmissite par ticcas D. variabilis, D. andersoni o A. americanum (Nord America)

Viral

meningoencephalite ticcaportate (en) causate per le flavivirus TBEV (FSME) virus transmittite per Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes hexagonus (Europe), Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes ovatus^[6], Haemaphysalis concinna, Haemaphysalis japonica o Dermacentor silvarum^[7] (Russia + Asia);
Powassan virus (deer tick virus)^[8]^[9] transmittite per Ixodes cookei, Ix. scapularis, Ix. marxi, Ix. spinipalpus, Dermacentor andersoni e D. variabilis (Nord America e Siberia);
Colorado tick fever causate per coltivirus CTFV transmittite per Dermacentor andersoni;
feber hemorrhagic de Crimea-Congo (en) causate per le nairovirus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus, transmittite per Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus bursa (Sud Eurasia, Nord Africa); le casos espagnol es verisimilamente causate per Hyalomma lusitanicum;^[10]
maladia febrile sever^[11] causate per phlebovirus Heartland virus transmittite par Amblyomma americanum.

Protozoal

babesiose causate per Babesia microti o Theileria equi transmittite per Ixodes scapularis (ticca de cervo), I. pacificus (ticca a gambas nigre del west), USA.
cytauxzoonose causate per Cytauxzoon felis transmittite per Amblyomma americanum (ticca con sol stella), USA.

Toxinas

ticcaparalyse (en) causate par un toxina secretate per:
- Dermacentor andersoni (ticca de Rocky Mountain forests), D. variabilis (ticca american del can)
- Ixodes holocyclus (ticca australian del paralyse)^[12]

Allergias

allergia alpha-gal (en): hypersensibilitate al alpha-gal (Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose) molecula introducite per ticcas durante su nutrition. Le immune reaction pote producer allergia al carne rubie e altere producto derivate mammalian.^[13]

Referentias

↑ Derivationes: (la) Ixodida - (de) Zecken; (nl) Teek; (en) Tick; (pt) Carrapato, carraça; (es) Garrapata; (ca) Paparres; (fr) Tique; (co) Zicca; (it) Zecca; (sc) Caranca; (ro) Căpușă; (ru) Ixodida
↑ "Host association of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: A review" (September 2021). Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases 12 (5): 101766. doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101766. PMID 34161868.
↑ "Seroreactivity for spotted fever rickettsiae and co-infections with other tick-borne agents among habitants (sic) in central and southern Sweden" (March 2013). European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 32 (3): 317–323. doi:10.1007/s10096-012-1742-3. PMID 22961007.
↑ "Bartonella spp. Bacteremia and rheumatic symptoms in patients from lyme disease-endemic region" (November 2012). Emerging Infectious Diseases 18 (11): 1918–1919. doi:10.3201/eid1811.120675. PMID 23092626.
↑ "Bartonella spp. infection rate and B. grahamii in ticks" (October 2012). Emerging Infectious Diseases 18 (10): 1689–1690. doi:10.3201/eid1810.120390. PMID 23017501.
↑ Yuji Takahashi, Shintaro Kobayashi, Ryo Nakao, Hiroaki Kariwa, Kentaro Yoshii, Characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus isolated from tick infesting dog in central Hokkaido in 2018, Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, Volume 13, Issue 2, 2022, 101900, ISSN 1877-959X, doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101900
↑ Pukhovskaya NM, Morozova OV, Vysochina NP et al. Tick-borne encephalitis virus in arthropod vectors in the Far East of Russia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. 2018 May;9(4):824-833. doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.01.020. PMID: 29555424.
↑ "Zoonotic tick-borne flaviviruses" (January 2010). Veterinary Microbiology 140 (3–4): 221–228. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.024. PMID 19765917.
↑ Powassan Virus | Powassan | CDC (anglese american).
↑ Déclaration de cas humains de fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo en Espagne, 2021 (francese) (08/10/2021).
↑ Pastula DM, Turabelidze G, Yates KF, Jones TF, Lambert AJ, Panella AJ, Kosoy OI, Velez JO, Fisher M, Staples E (March 2014). "Notes from the field: Heartland virus disease - United States, 2012-2013". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 63 (12): 270–271. PMID 24670929. PMC:5779346.
↑ Ticks. Department of Entomology, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital (November 7, 2003). Archivo del original create le April 22, 2022. Recuperate le June 11, 2023.
↑ Crispell, Gary; Commins, Scott P.; Archer-Hartman, Stephanie A.; Choudhary, Shailesh; Dharmarajan, Guha; Azadi, Parastoo; Karim, Shahid (17 May 2019). "Discovery of Alpha-Gal-Containing Antigens in North American Tick Species Believed to Induce Red Meat Allergy". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 1056. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01056. PMC 6533943. PMID 31156631

Vide etiam

[1] Derivationes: (la) Ixodida - (de) Zecken; (nl) Teek; (en) Tick; (pt) Carrapato, carraça; (es) Garrapata; (ca) Paparres; (fr) Tique; (co) Zicca; (it) Zecca; (sc) Caranca; (ro) Căpușă; (ru) Ixodida

[2] "Host association of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: A review" (September 2021). Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases 12 (5): 101766. doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101766. PMID 34161868.

[Lindblom2012-3] "Seroreactivity for spotted fever rickettsiae and co-infections with other tick-borne agents among habitants (sic) in central and southern Sweden" (March 2013). European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 32 (3): 317–323. doi:10.1007/s10096-012-1742-3. PMID 22961007.

[4] "Bartonella spp. Bacteremia and rheumatic symptoms in patients from lyme disease-endemic region" (November 2012). Emerging Infectious Diseases 18 (11): 1918–1919. doi:10.3201/eid1811.120675. PMID 23092626.

[5] "Bartonella spp. infection rate and B. grahamii in ticks" (October 2012). Emerging Infectious Diseases 18 (10): 1689–1690. doi:10.3201/eid1810.120390. PMID 23017501.

[6] Yuji Takahashi, Shintaro Kobayashi, Ryo Nakao, Hiroaki Kariwa, Kentaro Yoshii, Characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus isolated from tick infesting dog in central Hokkaido in 2018, Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, Volume 13, Issue 2, 2022, 101900, ISSN 1877-959X, doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101900

[7] Pukhovskaya NM, Morozova OV, Vysochina NP et al. Tick-borne encephalitis virus in arthropod vectors in the Far East of Russia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. 2018 May;9(4):824-833. doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.01.020. PMID: 29555424.

[8] "Zoonotic tick-borne flaviviruses" (January 2010). Veterinary Microbiology 140 (3–4): 221–228. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.024. PMID 19765917.

[9] Powassan Virus | Powassan | CDC (anglese american).

[10] Déclaration de cas humains de fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo en Espagne, 2021 (francese) (08/10/2021).

[11] Pastula DM, Turabelidze G, Yates KF, Jones TF, Lambert AJ, Panella AJ, Kosoy OI, Velez JO, Fisher M, Staples E (March 2014). "Notes from the field: Heartland virus disease - United States, 2012-2013". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 63 (12): 270–271. PMID 24670929. PMC:5779346.

[12] Ticks. Department of Entomology, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital (November 7, 2003). Archivo del original create le April 22, 2022. Recuperate le June 11, 2023.

[13] Crispell, Gary; Commins, Scott P.; Archer-Hartman, Stephanie A.; Choudhary, Shailesh; Dharmarajan, Guha; Azadi, Parastoo; Karim, Shahid (17 May 2019). "Discovery of Alpha-Gal-Containing Antigens in North American Tick Species Believed to Induce Red Meat Allergy". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 1056. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01056. PMC 6533943. PMID 31156631

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