Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 1996
This paper describes Hong Kong research into peer tutored instruction in reading. Tutors were tra... more This paper describes Hong Kong research into peer tutored instruction in reading. Tutors were trained to use Paired Reading, a technique appropriate for use across a range of ability levels, and adaptable for reading instruction in languages and orthographies other than English.The Hong Kong research confirms that peer tutors can successfully deliver reading instruction, with both tutors and tutees benefiting in terms of enhanced reading proficiency, intrinsic motivation to learn, and self‐concept. It also suggests some factors which may enhance the effects of peer tutoring upon achievement. For tutees these are content coverage, peer self‐concept and intrinsic motivation to study. For tutors the predominant factor is locus‐of‐control.Interestingly, tutors’ instructional behaviours during tutoring sessions appear not to have any effect on tutoring outcomes, except in so far as they might slow down coverage of the material being read.
Sam Winter, formerly an educational psychologist working in Hartlepool, is now lecturer in the De... more Sam Winter, formerly an educational psychologist working in Hartlepool, is now lecturer in the Department of Education, Hong Kong University. He is currently conducting an inquire into paired reading as a method of helping children who experience difficulties in learning to read.
This study had three purposes: (a) to compare the prevalence of boys&... more This study had three purposes: (a) to compare the prevalence of boys' and girls' gender-atypical behaviors (GABs) in a sample of Chinese school-aged children, (b) to examine the developmental pattern of GABs in Chinese boys and girls over the age range in question (6-12 years), and (c) to test the effects of being an only child on children's GAB expression. Parents of 486 boys and 417 girls completed a Child Play Behavior and Activity Questionnaire (CPBAQ) in regard to their own children, and a demographic information sheet. The frequency distribution for each gender-related behavior was calculated. The associations between sex, age, and only-child status, and CPBAQ scale scores were examined. Although most GABs (by their very nature) were exhibited infrequently in Chinese children, it was found that girls displayed GABs more frequently than boys did. The prevalence of GABs rose for girls as they grew older, but fell slightly for boys. The expressions of GABs in only children did not differ from that in children with siblings. Possible effects of Chinese culture (including the current only-child policy) on children's GABs are discussed.
The December 2008 release of China's new Guidelines for health education in primary ... more The December 2008 release of China's new Guidelines for health education in primary and secondary schools by the Ministry of Education addressed many of the concerns arising from the academic and popular discourse on Chinese adolescent sexuality and sexuality education. The focus of this reform, common with similar reforms elsewhere in Asia and the West, aims at promoting adolescent sexual health and countering the associated social and public health problems. However, unlike adolescents in other countries, Chinese ...
... that the effects of rewards and punishments can vary very greatly across classes (see, for ex... more ... that the effects of rewards and punishments can vary very greatly across classes (see, for example,Scott, McNamara, and ... about acceptability (Martens and Meiler, 1989; Martens, Witt, Elliott andDarveaux,1985;Martens, Peterson, WittandCirone, 1986; Gulkin and Hickman, 1988 ...
... Page 5. literature, involving 8,000 studies and 10 million students, Hattie (1992) concluded ... more ... Page 5. literature, involving 8,000 studies and 10 million students, Hattie (1992) concluded that 'quantity of instruction' exerted an effect size of 0.84 upon achievement, an effect larger than any of the individual ... The Hague: International Association for the Evaluation of Educati
Page 1. Paired Reading Three questions Sam Winter ... Tutors received supervision according to th... more Page 1. Paired Reading Three questions Sam Winter ... Tutors received supervision according to the subgroup into which they had earlier been placed: PF, A, or NS. During the project tutors were required on a rota basis to tape record their sessions with tutees. ...
... Many transwomen in Asia have told me about their transgender friends who later reverted to ..... more ... Many transwomen in Asia have told me about their transgender friends who later reverted to ... htm (accessed 5 September 2006); Serena Nanda, 'The Hijras of India', in A Queer ... Reader, ed. Martin Duberman (New York: New York University Press, 1997); Yik Koon Teh, The Mak ...
ABSTRACT Cross-sex hormones, while often effective in producing some of the bodily changes desire... more ABSTRACT Cross-sex hormones, while often effective in producing some of the bodily changes desired by transpeople, may also involve harmful side-effect risks, especially when used against contraindications and precautions, and in the wrong dosages. Same-sex ...
The upsurge in the use of behavioural change techniques with children in education and residentia... more The upsurge in the use of behavioural change techniques with children in education and residential settings has not always involved an equally strong commitment to behavioural measurement (by which is meant quantitative data collection relating to latency, duration or, most often, frequency of the target behaviour in question). This paper outlines several advantages, other than effectiveness evaluation, which accrue from behavioural measurement; in relation to (a) deciding whether to change behaviour, (b) deciding the type of intervention required, (c) assessment of caregiver skills and commitment, (d) therapeutic effects, (e) reinforcement, (f) analysis of critical variables and (g) analysis of caregiver attitudes and behaviour. Case examples are included throughout.
... typically report positive experiences under CWPT (Greenwood et al., 1987; Maheady & H... more ... typically report positive experiences under CWPT (Greenwood et al., 1987; Maheady & Harper ... REFERENCES BUCKUOLDT, DR & WODARSKI, JS (1978) The effects of different reinforcement systems ... to Respond' in the Education of the Minority Student (Lawrence, University of ...
... five Asian societies studied: Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Thailand and the Philippines. .... more ... five Asian societies studied: Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Thailand and the Philippines. ... the effect of transpeople's own gender upon societal attitudes towards transpeople. ... Gays, lesbians, bisexuals and transpeople have no substantial legal protection against discrimination ...
One hundred and ninety-five transgendered females (i.e., male-to-female trans-genders (or MtF TGs... more One hundred and ninety-five transgendered females (i.e., male-to-female trans-genders (or MtF TGs)), with a mean age of 25.4 years, completed a questionnaire examining, inter alia, their beliefs about (a) attitudes (of parents and society) towards them (and to MtF TGs in general); and (b) origins of their own MTF TG status.According to our participants, 62.9% of mothers and 40.6% of fathers accepted or encouraged their child's transgender from its first expression. Many with misgivings became more positive as time went on. According to 40.7% of our participants, Thai people overall held similarly favourable attitudes towards MtF TGs.Many of our participants cited multiple origins for their transgender. Nearly 84% believed inborn biology had played a role. Friends and karma were also commonly endorsed as explanatory factors (50% and 48.4% respectively). Parents, siblings, and other relatives were less commonly cited (30.3%, 24.1%, and 22.2%, respectively). Cluster analysis revealed that, based on their beliefs, 97.1% of the sample could be divided into three groups. Most (61.2%) fell into a ‘biogenic’group, emphasising the role played by inborn biology, while 29.4% believed took a ‘peer psychogenic’ view, emphasising the role played by friends in the development of their transgender. A small ‘eclectic’ group (6.5%) believed that biology, karma, and parents combined to account for their transgender.
Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 1996
This paper describes Hong Kong research into peer tutored instruction in reading. Tutors were tra... more This paper describes Hong Kong research into peer tutored instruction in reading. Tutors were trained to use Paired Reading, a technique appropriate for use across a range of ability levels, and adaptable for reading instruction in languages and orthographies other than English.The Hong Kong research confirms that peer tutors can successfully deliver reading instruction, with both tutors and tutees benefiting in terms of enhanced reading proficiency, intrinsic motivation to learn, and self‐concept. It also suggests some factors which may enhance the effects of peer tutoring upon achievement. For tutees these are content coverage, peer self‐concept and intrinsic motivation to study. For tutors the predominant factor is locus‐of‐control.Interestingly, tutors’ instructional behaviours during tutoring sessions appear not to have any effect on tutoring outcomes, except in so far as they might slow down coverage of the material being read.
Sam Winter, formerly an educational psychologist working in Hartlepool, is now lecturer in the De... more Sam Winter, formerly an educational psychologist working in Hartlepool, is now lecturer in the Department of Education, Hong Kong University. He is currently conducting an inquire into paired reading as a method of helping children who experience difficulties in learning to read.
This study had three purposes: (a) to compare the prevalence of boys&... more This study had three purposes: (a) to compare the prevalence of boys' and girls' gender-atypical behaviors (GABs) in a sample of Chinese school-aged children, (b) to examine the developmental pattern of GABs in Chinese boys and girls over the age range in question (6-12 years), and (c) to test the effects of being an only child on children's GAB expression. Parents of 486 boys and 417 girls completed a Child Play Behavior and Activity Questionnaire (CPBAQ) in regard to their own children, and a demographic information sheet. The frequency distribution for each gender-related behavior was calculated. The associations between sex, age, and only-child status, and CPBAQ scale scores were examined. Although most GABs (by their very nature) were exhibited infrequently in Chinese children, it was found that girls displayed GABs more frequently than boys did. The prevalence of GABs rose for girls as they grew older, but fell slightly for boys. The expressions of GABs in only children did not differ from that in children with siblings. Possible effects of Chinese culture (including the current only-child policy) on children's GABs are discussed.
The December 2008 release of China's new Guidelines for health education in primary ... more The December 2008 release of China's new Guidelines for health education in primary and secondary schools by the Ministry of Education addressed many of the concerns arising from the academic and popular discourse on Chinese adolescent sexuality and sexuality education. The focus of this reform, common with similar reforms elsewhere in Asia and the West, aims at promoting adolescent sexual health and countering the associated social and public health problems. However, unlike adolescents in other countries, Chinese ...
... that the effects of rewards and punishments can vary very greatly across classes (see, for ex... more ... that the effects of rewards and punishments can vary very greatly across classes (see, for example,Scott, McNamara, and ... about acceptability (Martens and Meiler, 1989; Martens, Witt, Elliott andDarveaux,1985;Martens, Peterson, WittandCirone, 1986; Gulkin and Hickman, 1988 ...
... Page 5. literature, involving 8,000 studies and 10 million students, Hattie (1992) concluded ... more ... Page 5. literature, involving 8,000 studies and 10 million students, Hattie (1992) concluded that 'quantity of instruction' exerted an effect size of 0.84 upon achievement, an effect larger than any of the individual ... The Hague: International Association for the Evaluation of Educati
Page 1. Paired Reading Three questions Sam Winter ... Tutors received supervision according to th... more Page 1. Paired Reading Three questions Sam Winter ... Tutors received supervision according to the subgroup into which they had earlier been placed: PF, A, or NS. During the project tutors were required on a rota basis to tape record their sessions with tutees. ...
... Many transwomen in Asia have told me about their transgender friends who later reverted to ..... more ... Many transwomen in Asia have told me about their transgender friends who later reverted to ... htm (accessed 5 September 2006); Serena Nanda, 'The Hijras of India', in A Queer ... Reader, ed. Martin Duberman (New York: New York University Press, 1997); Yik Koon Teh, The Mak ...
ABSTRACT Cross-sex hormones, while often effective in producing some of the bodily changes desire... more ABSTRACT Cross-sex hormones, while often effective in producing some of the bodily changes desired by transpeople, may also involve harmful side-effect risks, especially when used against contraindications and precautions, and in the wrong dosages. Same-sex ...
The upsurge in the use of behavioural change techniques with children in education and residentia... more The upsurge in the use of behavioural change techniques with children in education and residential settings has not always involved an equally strong commitment to behavioural measurement (by which is meant quantitative data collection relating to latency, duration or, most often, frequency of the target behaviour in question). This paper outlines several advantages, other than effectiveness evaluation, which accrue from behavioural measurement; in relation to (a) deciding whether to change behaviour, (b) deciding the type of intervention required, (c) assessment of caregiver skills and commitment, (d) therapeutic effects, (e) reinforcement, (f) analysis of critical variables and (g) analysis of caregiver attitudes and behaviour. Case examples are included throughout.
... typically report positive experiences under CWPT (Greenwood et al., 1987; Maheady & H... more ... typically report positive experiences under CWPT (Greenwood et al., 1987; Maheady & Harper ... REFERENCES BUCKUOLDT, DR & WODARSKI, JS (1978) The effects of different reinforcement systems ... to Respond' in the Education of the Minority Student (Lawrence, University of ...
... five Asian societies studied: Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Thailand and the Philippines. .... more ... five Asian societies studied: Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Thailand and the Philippines. ... the effect of transpeople's own gender upon societal attitudes towards transpeople. ... Gays, lesbians, bisexuals and transpeople have no substantial legal protection against discrimination ...
One hundred and ninety-five transgendered females (i.e., male-to-female trans-genders (or MtF TGs... more One hundred and ninety-five transgendered females (i.e., male-to-female trans-genders (or MtF TGs)), with a mean age of 25.4 years, completed a questionnaire examining, inter alia, their beliefs about (a) attitudes (of parents and society) towards them (and to MtF TGs in general); and (b) origins of their own MTF TG status.According to our participants, 62.9% of mothers and 40.6% of fathers accepted or encouraged their child's transgender from its first expression. Many with misgivings became more positive as time went on. According to 40.7% of our participants, Thai people overall held similarly favourable attitudes towards MtF TGs.Many of our participants cited multiple origins for their transgender. Nearly 84% believed inborn biology had played a role. Friends and karma were also commonly endorsed as explanatory factors (50% and 48.4% respectively). Parents, siblings, and other relatives were less commonly cited (30.3%, 24.1%, and 22.2%, respectively). Cluster analysis revealed that, based on their beliefs, 97.1% of the sample could be divided into three groups. Most (61.2%) fell into a ‘biogenic’group, emphasising the role played by inborn biology, while 29.4% believed took a ‘peer psychogenic’ view, emphasising the role played by friends in the development of their transgender. A small ‘eclectic’ group (6.5%) believed that biology, karma, and parents combined to account for their transgender.
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