ABSTRACT We analyze changes in concentration levels in the U.S. advertising and marketing service... more ABSTRACT We analyze changes in concentration levels in the U.S. advertising and marketing services industry using data from the U.S. Census Bureau's quinquennial Economic Census and the Service Annual Survey. These data, heretofore largely ignored, allow us to redress some of the measurement problems surrounding estimates found in the existing literature. Firm level concentration, as measured by the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI), varies across the sectors comprising the industry, but all are within the range generally considered as indicative of a competitive industry. The data available allowed HHI to be calculated for the period 1977–2002 in the case of advertising agencies and for 1997 and 2002 for the other industry sectors. At the holding company level, the four largest organizations account for only about a quarter of the industry's total revenue, a share that changed little over the period 2002–2008, but one that is approximately half of estimates frequently cited in the trade press. The persistence of a diverse and relatively unconcentrated size structure appears quite consistent with other research on the underlying economics of this industry.
ABSTRACT Application of the two-step approach to structural equation modeling to the PARM data st... more ABSTRACT Application of the two-step approach to structural equation modeling to the PARM data studied by Bagozzi and Silk (1983) results in quite different conclusions as to the psychometric properties of recall and recognition scores. The data they analyzed are more consistent with a simple, alternative measurement model, which has different implications for the dimensionality questions Bagozzi and Silk raised. After controlling for random error, recall and recognition scores for print ads are highly correlated and yet discriminable. So, while recall and recognition have considerable common variance, the unidimensionality hypothesis is rejected. Either recall or recognition (or both) contains a significant amount of specific variance. Taking reader interest scores into account does not change the conclusion; reader interest scores are best accounted for as a lower reliability indicator of recognition.
... The implications of cost conditions for 1. Bojanek (1980) presents a history of agency merger... more ... The implications of cost conditions for 1. Bojanek (1980) presents a history of agency merger activity and an analysis of publicly stated rationales for agency mergers. See also Berstein (1979) and Zeltner (1979). 2. Sethi (1975) provides background and analysis. ...
ABSTRACT We analyze changes in concentration levels in the U.S. advertising and marketing service... more ABSTRACT We analyze changes in concentration levels in the U.S. advertising and marketing services industry using data from the U.S. Census Bureau's quinquennial Economic Census and the Service Annual Survey. These data, heretofore largely ignored, allow us to redress some of the measurement problems surrounding estimates found in the existing literature. Firm level concentration, as measured by the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI), varies across the sectors comprising the industry, but all are within the range generally considered as indicative of a competitive industry. The data available allowed HHI to be calculated for the period 1977–2002 in the case of advertising agencies and for 1997 and 2002 for the other industry sectors. At the holding company level, the four largest organizations account for only about a quarter of the industry's total revenue, a share that changed little over the period 2002–2008, but one that is approximately half of estimates frequently cited in the trade press. The persistence of a diverse and relatively unconcentrated size structure appears quite consistent with other research on the underlying economics of this industry.
ABSTRACT Application of the two-step approach to structural equation modeling to the PARM data st... more ABSTRACT Application of the two-step approach to structural equation modeling to the PARM data studied by Bagozzi and Silk (1983) results in quite different conclusions as to the psychometric properties of recall and recognition scores. The data they analyzed are more consistent with a simple, alternative measurement model, which has different implications for the dimensionality questions Bagozzi and Silk raised. After controlling for random error, recall and recognition scores for print ads are highly correlated and yet discriminable. So, while recall and recognition have considerable common variance, the unidimensionality hypothesis is rejected. Either recall or recognition (or both) contains a significant amount of specific variance. Taking reader interest scores into account does not change the conclusion; reader interest scores are best accounted for as a lower reliability indicator of recognition.
... The implications of cost conditions for 1. Bojanek (1980) presents a history of agency merger... more ... The implications of cost conditions for 1. Bojanek (1980) presents a history of agency merger activity and an analysis of publicly stated rationales for agency mergers. See also Berstein (1979) and Zeltner (1979). 2. Sethi (1975) provides background and analysis. ...
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