Ƙagaggen Labari
 ƙagaggen labari | |
|---|---|
literary form (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
work of fiction (en) da narration (en) |
| Bangare na |
novel sequence (en) |
| Suna a Kana | ちょうへんしょうせつ |
| Hashtag (en) | novels |
| Gudanarwan | Marubuci |
Littafin da ya shafi labari wani dogon aiki ne na almara, mafi yawanci ana rubuta shi a cikin litattafai kuma ana buga shi ya zama littafi. A kalmar Ingilishi na yanzu dogon aikin almara ta samo asali daga kalmar Italiyanci "sabon", "labarai", ko "gajeren labarin wani sabon abu", ita kanta daga Latin, suna guda ɗaya da aka yi amfani da jam'in neuter na novellus, ƙarancin novus, ma'ana "sabo". [1] Wasu marubuta, ciki har da Nathaniel Hawthorne, [2] Herman Melville, Ann Radcliffe, [3] John Cowper Powys, [4] sun fi son kalmar "soyayya" don kwatanta litattafan su.
A cewar Margaret Doody, littafin yana da "tari mai ci gaba kuma mai cike da tarihi na kimanin shekaru dubu biyu", wanda ya samo asali a cikin tsohuwar littafin Girkanci da na Romawa, a cikin soyayya na Chivalric, da kuma al'adar farfaɗowa na Italiyanci novella. [5] Romanticism ya sake farfaɗo da tsohuwar sigar soyayya, musamman ma tarihin Walter Scott da kuma littafin Gothic novel. [6] Wasu, ciki har da MH Abrams da Walter Scott, sun yi iƙirarin cewa labari ne na almara wanda ke nuna ainihin yanayin al'umma, yayin da soyayyar ta ƙunshi duk wani labari na tatsuniya wanda ke jaddada abubuwan ban mamaki ko na lamarin da ba a saba gani ba. [7] [8] [9]
Ayyukan almara waɗanda suka haɗa da abubuwan ban mamaki ko abubuwan da ba'a saba gani ba suma litattafai ne, gami da Ubangijin Zobba, Don Kashe Mockingbird, da Frankenstein. "Romances" ayyuka ne na almara waɗanda babban fifikon su shine abubuwan ban mamaki ko abubuwan da ba'a saba gani ba, kuma bai kamata a ruɗe shi da littafin soyayya ba, nau'in almara na nau'in da ke mai da hankali kan soyayyar soyayya.
Labarin Murasaki Shikibu na Genji, farkon rubutun Jafananci na ƙarni na 11, wani lokaci ana kwatanta shi a matsayin labari na farko a duniya dangane da yadda ya fara amfani da ƙwarewar kusanci a cikin sigar labari, amma akwai gagarumin muhawara a kan wannan, tabbas akwai dogayen litattafai da suka gabace ta. Kamar littattafan da aka buga a kasar Sin ya haifar da bayyanar littattafan gargajiya na kasar Sin ta daular Ming (1368-1644) da daular Qing (1616-1911). Wani farkon misali daga Turai an rubuta shi a cikin Muslim Spain daga marubucin Sufi Ibn Tufayl mai suna Hayy ibn Yaqdhan. Daga baya abubuwan da suka faru sun faru bayan ƙirƙira na'urar bugawa. Miguel de Cervantes, marubucin Don Quixote (sashe na farko wanda aka buga a 1605), ana yawan ambatonsa a matsayin mawallafin marubuci na farko na Turai na zamani. [10] Masanin tarihin adabi Ian Watt, a cikin Tashi na Novel (1957), yayi jayayya cewa an haifi littafin zamani a farkon karni na 18.
Ci gaban fasaha na baya-bayan nan ya haifar da yawancin litattafai kuma ana buga su a cikin kafofin watsa labarai waɗanda ba'a buga su ba: wannan ya haɗa da littattafan sauti, littattafan yanar gizo, da ebooks. Ana iya samun wani tsarin almara mara kyau a cikin wasu litattafai masu hoto. Duk da yake waɗannan nau'ikan littattafan ban dariya na ayyukan almara sun samo asali ne a cikin ƙarni na 19, sun zama sanannen kwanan nan.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Britannica Online Encyclopedia accessed 2 August 2009
- ↑ The Scarlet Letter: A Romance
- ↑ William Harmon & C, Hugh Holmam, A Handbook to Literature (7th edition), p. 237.
- ↑ See A Glastonbury Romance.
- ↑ Margaret Anne Doody, The True Story of the Novel. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1996, rept. 1997, p. 1. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
- ↑ J. A. Cuddon, Dictionary of Literary Terms & Literary Theory, ed., 4th edition, revised C. E. Preston. London: Penguin, 1999, pp. 76o-2.
- ↑ M. H. Abrams, A Glossary of Literary Terms (7th edition), p. 192.
- ↑ "Essay on Romance", Prose Works volume vi, p. 129, quoted in "Introduction" to Walter Scott's Quentin Durward, ed. Susan Maning. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992, p. xxv.
- ↑ See also, Nathaniel Hawthorne's, "Preface" to The House of Seven Gables: A Romance, 1851. External link to the "Preface" below)
- ↑ Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature. Kathleen Kuiper, ed. 1995. Merriam-Webster, Springfield, Mass.