ABSTRACT The I-Suit has been tested in varying environments at Johnson Space Center (JSC). This i... more ABSTRACT The I-Suit has been tested in varying environments at Johnson Space Center (JSC). This includes laboratory mobility testing, KC-135 partial gravity flights, and remote field testing in the Mojave Desert. The experience gained from this testing has provided ...
Risk management has evolved significantly over the past decades causing dramatic changes in the c... more Risk management has evolved significantly over the past decades causing dramatic changes in the communication channels required to effectively handle the ever-changing risks a firm faces. The first generation of risk management dealt primarily with risks inside a company creating a need for internal risk communication. The second generation, which arose with the growth in third-party liability claims, involved many more stakeholders external to the company and forced the risk management function to deal with communications to these external parties. The third generation, which began as an expansion of the external risks that firms are exposed to, involves the board and senior management in the risk communication function.
This pooled individual data (PID)-based meta-analysis collectively assessed the analgesic effect ... more This pooled individual data (PID)-based meta-analysis collectively assessed the analgesic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on various neuropathic pain states based on their neuroanatomical hierarchy. Available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were screened. PID was coded for age, gender, pain neuroanatomical origins, pain duration, and treatment parameters analyses. Coded pain neuroanatomical origins consist of peripheral nerve (PN); nerve root (NR); spinal cord (SC); trigeminal nerve or ganglion (TGN); and post-stroke supraspinal related pain (PSP). Raw data of 149 patients were extracted from 5 (1 parallel, 4 cross-over) selected (from 235 articles) RCTs. A significant (P < .001) overall analgesic effect (mean percent difference in pain visual analog scale (VAS) score reduction with 95% confidence interval) was detected with greater reduction in VAS with rTMS in comparison to sham. Including the parallel study (Khedr et al), the TGN subgroup was found to have the greatest analgesic effect (28.8%), followed by PSP (16.7%), SC (14.7%), NR (10.0%), and PN (1.5%). The results were similar when we excluded the parallel study with the greatest analgesic effect observed in TGN (33.0%), followed by SC (14.7%), PSP (10.5%), NR (10.0%), and PN (1.5%). In addition, multiple (vs single, P = .003) sessions and lower (>1 and ≤10 Hz) treatment frequency range (vs >10 Hz) appears to generate better analgesic outcome. In short, rTMS appears to be more effective in suppressing centrally than peripherally originated neuropathic pain states.This is the first PID-based meta-analysis to assess the differential analgesic effect of rTMS on neuropathic pain based on the neuroanatomical origins of the pain pathophysiology and treatment parameters. The derived information serves as a useful resource in regards to treatment parameters and patient population selection for future rTMS-pain studies.
This article examines the use of enterprise risk management (ERM) by companies in Canada, the cha... more This article examines the use of enterprise risk management (ERM) by companies in Canada, the characteristics that are associated with the use of ERM, what obstacles companies face in implementing ERM, and what role, if any, corporate governance guidelines have played in the decision to adopt ERM. We obtained our data from the responses to a mail survey sent to Canadian Risk and Insurance Management Society members as well as telephone interviews with 19 of the respondents. The results indicate that 31 percent of the sample had adopted ERM and that reasons for adopting ERM include the influence of the risk manager (61 percent), encouragement from the board of directors (51 percent), and compliance with Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE) guidelines (37 percent). The major deterrents to ERM were an organizational structure that discourages ERM and an overall resistance to change. Although only about one-third of companies indicated that they had adopted an ERM approach, evidence was clear that a larger portion of the sample was moving in that direction, as indicated by what changes they had observed in their companies in the past three years. These include the development of company-wide guidelines for risk management (45 percent), an increased awareness of nonoperational risks by operational risk management personnel and an increased awareness of operational risks by nonoperational risk management personnel (49 percent), more coordination with different areas responsible for risk management (64 percent), and more involvement and interaction in the decision making of other departments. Contrary to what we expected, there was not a significant difference between firms that are listed on the TSE versus those that are not in terms of the propensity to use ERM. However, the fact that 37 percent of firms indicated that the TSE guidelines were influential in their decision to adopt ERM provides some evidence that the guidelines are influencing companies' risk management strategies.
ABSTRACT: Although the transferring of a firm's pure risk historically has been conducted through... more ABSTRACT: Although the transferring of a firm's pure risk historically has been conducted through the insurance and reinsurance markets, risk managers of large corporations are reportedly becoming more sophisticated with regard to their risk financing strategies. This increased sophistication has come in the form of greater use of techniques such as captives, finite risk insurance, financial reinsurance, and risk retention groups. The purpose of this study is to assess the characteristics and extent of integrated risk management. Using survey data, we evaluate several aspects of risk management integration, including (1) the extent to which risk managers are involved in managing both pure and financial risks facing their firms, (2) the nonoperational types of risks handled by risk managers and the techniques being used to handle a broader set of risks, and (3) the effect that factors such as the size of the firm, the firm's industry, and the background and training of the risk manager has on participation in integrated risk management activities.
Background The association between obesity and knee osteoarthritis, and specifically the role of ... more Background The association between obesity and knee osteoarthritis, and specifically the role of obesity as a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis has been well documented. A systematic review and meta-analysis by Blagojevic et al. in Osteoarthr Cartil 18(1):24-33, (2010) examined 36 papers reporting on BMI and found that all studies demonstrated obesity and being overweight to be risk factors for knee osteoarthritis. The effect size for obesity as a risk factor for knee OA was reported to be I 2 = 97%, and the random effects pooled odds ratio for obesity compared to normal weight was 2.63 with a 95% CI of 2.28-3.05. Objective This review summarises recent findings involving the association between knee osteoarthritis and obesity: the potential mechanisms of the link between the two disease states; and the potential benefits of weight loss on obese, knee osteoarthritis patients. Methods Studies for inclusion in our report were identified using: MEDLINE; EMBASE; PUBMED; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; CINAHL; and reference lists of relevant articles. Main results A number of recent studies involving the association between obesity and knee osteoarthritis have since been published. A large, population-based prospective study (n = 823) conducted by Toivanen et al. with a follow-up of 22 years found that the risk for knee osteoarthritis was 7 times greater for people with BMI C30 compared to the control of people with BMI \25. A prospective cohort study of the Norwegian population by Grotle et al. that followed 1,675 patients reported that BMI [30 was significantly associated with osteoarthritis of the knee, with odds ratio of 2.81, and 95% CI of 1.32-5.96. Lohmander et al. found that in a large cohort study of 27,960 patients from the Swedish population, the relative risk for knee osteoarthritis (fourth quartile compared to first quartile) was 8.1, with a 95% CI of 5.3-12.4. Finally, a case-control study from Holliday et al. with 1,042 knee osteoarthritis patients and 1,121 matched controls reported that the adjusted odds ratio for knee osteoarthritis in patients with BMI [30 was 7.48 with 95% CI of 5.45-10.27.
International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2006
Modeling the high velocity impact of ice was a requirement in the safety calculations for the ret... more Modeling the high velocity impact of ice was a requirement in the safety calculations for the return-to-flight of the Space Shuttle on July 26, 2005. Ice, however, is not a common structural material and commercial finite element programs did not have any appropriate models. A phenomenological model with failure was developed to match experimental ballistic tests. The model has a relatively small number of material constants, most of which have been measured experimentally. A description of the model and comparisons of calculations to experiments are presented.
ABSTRACT The I-Suit has been tested in varying environments at Johnson Space Center (JSC). This i... more ABSTRACT The I-Suit has been tested in varying environments at Johnson Space Center (JSC). This includes laboratory mobility testing, KC-135 partial gravity flights, and remote field testing in the Mojave Desert. The experience gained from this testing has provided ...
Risk management has evolved significantly over the past decades causing dramatic changes in the c... more Risk management has evolved significantly over the past decades causing dramatic changes in the communication channels required to effectively handle the ever-changing risks a firm faces. The first generation of risk management dealt primarily with risks inside a company creating a need for internal risk communication. The second generation, which arose with the growth in third-party liability claims, involved many more stakeholders external to the company and forced the risk management function to deal with communications to these external parties. The third generation, which began as an expansion of the external risks that firms are exposed to, involves the board and senior management in the risk communication function.
This pooled individual data (PID)-based meta-analysis collectively assessed the analgesic effect ... more This pooled individual data (PID)-based meta-analysis collectively assessed the analgesic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on various neuropathic pain states based on their neuroanatomical hierarchy. Available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were screened. PID was coded for age, gender, pain neuroanatomical origins, pain duration, and treatment parameters analyses. Coded pain neuroanatomical origins consist of peripheral nerve (PN); nerve root (NR); spinal cord (SC); trigeminal nerve or ganglion (TGN); and post-stroke supraspinal related pain (PSP). Raw data of 149 patients were extracted from 5 (1 parallel, 4 cross-over) selected (from 235 articles) RCTs. A significant (P < .001) overall analgesic effect (mean percent difference in pain visual analog scale (VAS) score reduction with 95% confidence interval) was detected with greater reduction in VAS with rTMS in comparison to sham. Including the parallel study (Khedr et al), the TGN subgroup was found to have the greatest analgesic effect (28.8%), followed by PSP (16.7%), SC (14.7%), NR (10.0%), and PN (1.5%). The results were similar when we excluded the parallel study with the greatest analgesic effect observed in TGN (33.0%), followed by SC (14.7%), PSP (10.5%), NR (10.0%), and PN (1.5%). In addition, multiple (vs single, P = .003) sessions and lower (>1 and ≤10 Hz) treatment frequency range (vs >10 Hz) appears to generate better analgesic outcome. In short, rTMS appears to be more effective in suppressing centrally than peripherally originated neuropathic pain states.This is the first PID-based meta-analysis to assess the differential analgesic effect of rTMS on neuropathic pain based on the neuroanatomical origins of the pain pathophysiology and treatment parameters. The derived information serves as a useful resource in regards to treatment parameters and patient population selection for future rTMS-pain studies.
This article examines the use of enterprise risk management (ERM) by companies in Canada, the cha... more This article examines the use of enterprise risk management (ERM) by companies in Canada, the characteristics that are associated with the use of ERM, what obstacles companies face in implementing ERM, and what role, if any, corporate governance guidelines have played in the decision to adopt ERM. We obtained our data from the responses to a mail survey sent to Canadian Risk and Insurance Management Society members as well as telephone interviews with 19 of the respondents. The results indicate that 31 percent of the sample had adopted ERM and that reasons for adopting ERM include the influence of the risk manager (61 percent), encouragement from the board of directors (51 percent), and compliance with Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE) guidelines (37 percent). The major deterrents to ERM were an organizational structure that discourages ERM and an overall resistance to change. Although only about one-third of companies indicated that they had adopted an ERM approach, evidence was clear that a larger portion of the sample was moving in that direction, as indicated by what changes they had observed in their companies in the past three years. These include the development of company-wide guidelines for risk management (45 percent), an increased awareness of nonoperational risks by operational risk management personnel and an increased awareness of operational risks by nonoperational risk management personnel (49 percent), more coordination with different areas responsible for risk management (64 percent), and more involvement and interaction in the decision making of other departments. Contrary to what we expected, there was not a significant difference between firms that are listed on the TSE versus those that are not in terms of the propensity to use ERM. However, the fact that 37 percent of firms indicated that the TSE guidelines were influential in their decision to adopt ERM provides some evidence that the guidelines are influencing companies' risk management strategies.
ABSTRACT: Although the transferring of a firm's pure risk historically has been conducted through... more ABSTRACT: Although the transferring of a firm's pure risk historically has been conducted through the insurance and reinsurance markets, risk managers of large corporations are reportedly becoming more sophisticated with regard to their risk financing strategies. This increased sophistication has come in the form of greater use of techniques such as captives, finite risk insurance, financial reinsurance, and risk retention groups. The purpose of this study is to assess the characteristics and extent of integrated risk management. Using survey data, we evaluate several aspects of risk management integration, including (1) the extent to which risk managers are involved in managing both pure and financial risks facing their firms, (2) the nonoperational types of risks handled by risk managers and the techniques being used to handle a broader set of risks, and (3) the effect that factors such as the size of the firm, the firm's industry, and the background and training of the risk manager has on participation in integrated risk management activities.
Background The association between obesity and knee osteoarthritis, and specifically the role of ... more Background The association between obesity and knee osteoarthritis, and specifically the role of obesity as a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis has been well documented. A systematic review and meta-analysis by Blagojevic et al. in Osteoarthr Cartil 18(1):24-33, (2010) examined 36 papers reporting on BMI and found that all studies demonstrated obesity and being overweight to be risk factors for knee osteoarthritis. The effect size for obesity as a risk factor for knee OA was reported to be I 2 = 97%, and the random effects pooled odds ratio for obesity compared to normal weight was 2.63 with a 95% CI of 2.28-3.05. Objective This review summarises recent findings involving the association between knee osteoarthritis and obesity: the potential mechanisms of the link between the two disease states; and the potential benefits of weight loss on obese, knee osteoarthritis patients. Methods Studies for inclusion in our report were identified using: MEDLINE; EMBASE; PUBMED; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; CINAHL; and reference lists of relevant articles. Main results A number of recent studies involving the association between obesity and knee osteoarthritis have since been published. A large, population-based prospective study (n = 823) conducted by Toivanen et al. with a follow-up of 22 years found that the risk for knee osteoarthritis was 7 times greater for people with BMI C30 compared to the control of people with BMI \25. A prospective cohort study of the Norwegian population by Grotle et al. that followed 1,675 patients reported that BMI [30 was significantly associated with osteoarthritis of the knee, with odds ratio of 2.81, and 95% CI of 1.32-5.96. Lohmander et al. found that in a large cohort study of 27,960 patients from the Swedish population, the relative risk for knee osteoarthritis (fourth quartile compared to first quartile) was 8.1, with a 95% CI of 5.3-12.4. Finally, a case-control study from Holliday et al. with 1,042 knee osteoarthritis patients and 1,121 matched controls reported that the adjusted odds ratio for knee osteoarthritis in patients with BMI [30 was 7.48 with 95% CI of 5.45-10.27.
International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2006
Modeling the high velocity impact of ice was a requirement in the safety calculations for the ret... more Modeling the high velocity impact of ice was a requirement in the safety calculations for the return-to-flight of the Space Shuttle on July 26, 2005. Ice, however, is not a common structural material and commercial finite element programs did not have any appropriate models. A phenomenological model with failure was developed to match experimental ballistic tests. The model has a relatively small number of material constants, most of which have been measured experimentally. A description of the model and comparisons of calculations to experiments are presented.
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Papers by Ryan Lee