Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Generic Name
- Zomepirac
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB04828
- Background
Zomepirac, formerly marketed as Zomax tablets, was associated with fatal and near-fatal anaphylactoid reactions. The manufacturer voluntarily removed Zomax tablets from the Canadian, US, and UK markets in March 1983.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Withdrawn
- Structure
Structure for Zomepirac (DB04828)
- Weight
- Average: 291.73
Monoisotopic: 291.066221026 - Chemical Formula
- C15H14ClNO3
- Synonyms
- 5-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)-1,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-acetic acid
- Zomepirac
- Zomepiracum
Pharmacology
- Indication
Zomepirac was indicated for the management of mild to severe pain.
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Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Target Actions Organism AProstaglandin G/H synthase 1 modulatorHumans AProstaglandin G/H synthase 2 modulatorHumans UProstaglandin D2 receptor 2 Not Available Humans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbacavir Zomepirac may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level. Abametapir The serum concentration of Zomepirac can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abciximab The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Zomepirac is combined with Abciximab. Acebutolol Zomepirac may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Acebutolol. Aceclofenac The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Zomepirac is combined with Aceclofenac. - Food Interactions
- Not Available
Products
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Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Zomepirac sodium Y0185WZ209 64092-49-5 ZJXLSCXDGPDZOL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Zomepirac sodium anhydrous DA5B6IWF46 64092-48-4 SEEXPXUCHVGZGU-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Categories
- ATC Codes
- M01AB04 — Zomepirac
- Drug Categories
- Acetic Acid Derivatives and Related Substances
- Agents causing hyperkalemia
- Agents that produce hypertension
- Analgesics
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
- Antiinflammatory and Antirheumatic Products
- Antiinflammatory and Antirheumatic Products, Non-Steroids
- Antirheumatic Agents
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Musculo-Skeletal System
- Nephrotoxic agents
- Non COX-2 selective NSAIDS
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Sensory System Agents
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aryl-phenylketones. These are aromatic compounds containing a ketone substituted by one aryl group, and a phenyl group.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic oxygen compounds
- Class
- Organooxygen compounds
- Sub Class
- Carbonyl compounds
- Direct Parent
- Aryl-phenylketones
- Alternative Parents
- Benzoyl derivatives / Chlorobenzenes / N-methylpyrroles / Aryl chlorides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds show 3 more
- Substituents
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Aryl chloride / Aryl halide / Aryl-phenylketone / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Benzoyl / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative / Chlorobenzene show 15 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- monocarboxylic acid, monochlorobenzenes, aromatic ketone, pyrroles (CHEBI:35859)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 822G987U9J
- CAS number
- 33369-31-2
- InChI Key
- ZXVNMYWKKDOREA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C15H14ClNO3/c1-9-7-12(8-13(18)19)17(2)14(9)15(20)10-3-5-11(16)6-4-10/h3-7H,8H2,1-2H3,(H,18,19)
- IUPAC Name
- 2-[5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-1,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]acetic acid
- SMILES
- CN1C(CC(O)=O)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1
References
- Synthesis Reference
James B. Doherty, Debra L. Allison, "Process for the preparation of zomepirac and related compounds." U.S. Patent US4374997, issued January, 1978.
US4374997- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- PubChem Compound
- 5733
- PubChem Substance
- 46504549
- ChemSpider
- 5531
- BindingDB
- 50027952
- 39994
- ChEBI
- 35859
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL19490
- ZINC
- ZINC000000057537
- PharmGKB
- PA166049188
- PDBe Ligand
- ZOM
- Wikipedia
- Zomepirac
- PDB Entries
- 3r8h / 4jq3
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
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Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
- Not Available
- Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 178.5 °C PhysProp - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.026 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 3.37 ALOGPS logP 3.33 Chemaxon logS -4 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 3.83 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -7.8 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 59.3 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 4 Chemaxon Refractivity 77.2 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 29.68 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9714 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.8608 Caco-2 permeable + 0.7695 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.7316 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9347 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9287 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.7965 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7288 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8163 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.5337 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.7776 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8844 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8955 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7741 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8973 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8525 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8817 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8425 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9476 Rat acute toxicity 2.7638 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9389 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8816
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS splash10-000i-2940000000-8c64a42fd02683dc015a Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-00dr-0490000000-58c0563ebe3ceb87e9d9 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0002-0090000000-887bb7d954ae31edcf55 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0079-0790000000-263152bf062824bf8538 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4l-0890000000-6f20d2e790abd7c7acac Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0089-1960000000-2aa6dff06d28e1ebaecb Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4i-0940000000-3efc1643e3a84973ab73 Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 165.14603 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 167.50406 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 173.59721 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Modulator
- General Function
- Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase that plays an important role in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate, AA, C20:4(n-6)), with a particular role in the inflammatory response. The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates AA to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes. This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons (PubMed:7947975). Involved in the constitutive production of prostanoids in particular in the stomach and platelets. In gastric epithelial cells, it is a key step in the generation of prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays an important role in cytoprotection. In platelets, it is involved in the generation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), which promotes platelet activation and aggregation, vasoconstriction and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (Probable). Can also use linoleate (LA, (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate, C18:2(n-6)) as substrate and produce hydroxyoctadecadienoates (HODEs) in a regio- and stereospecific manner, being (9R)-HODE ((9R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate) and (13S)-HODE ((13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate) its major products (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- heme binding
- Gene Name
- PTGS1
- Uniprot ID
- P23219
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 68685.82 Da
References
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Modulator
- General Function
- Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate, AA, C20:4(n-6)), with a particular role in the inflammatory response (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:19540099, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates AA to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes (PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons (PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). Similarly catalyzes successive cyclooxygenation and peroxidation of dihomo-gamma-linoleate (DGLA, C20:3(n-6)) and eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) to corresponding PGH1 and PGH3, the precursors of 1- and 3-series prostaglandins (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:19540099). In an alternative pathway of prostanoid biosynthesis, converts 2-arachidonoyl lysophopholipids to prostanoid lysophopholipids, which are then hydrolyzed by intracellular phospholipases to release free prostanoids (PubMed:27642067). Metabolizes 2-arachidonoyl glycerol yielding the glyceryl ester of PGH2, a process that can contribute to pain response (PubMed:22942274). Generates lipid mediators from n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a lipoxygenase-type mechanism. Oxygenates PUFAs to hydroperoxy compounds and then reduces them to corresponding alcohols (PubMed:11034610, PubMed:11192938, PubMed:9048568, PubMed:9261177). Plays a role in the generation of resolution phase interaction products (resolvins) during both sterile and infectious inflammation (PubMed:12391014). Metabolizes docosahexaenoate (DHA, C22:6(n-3)) to 17R-HDHA, a precursor of the D-series resolvins (RvDs) (PubMed:12391014). As a component of the biosynthetic pathway of E-series resolvins (RvEs), converts eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) primarily to 18S-HEPE that is further metabolized by ALOX5 and LTA4H to generate 18S-RvE1 and 18S-RvE2 (PubMed:21206090). In vascular endothelial cells, converts docosapentaenoate (DPA, C22:5(n-3)) to 13R-HDPA, a precursor for 13-series resolvins (RvTs) shown to activate macrophage phagocytosis during bacterial infection (PubMed:26236990). In activated leukocytes, contributes to oxygenation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETE) to diHETES (5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE) (PubMed:22068350, PubMed:26282205). Can also use linoleate (LA, (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate, C18:2(n-6)) as substrate and produce hydroxyoctadecadienoates (HODEs) in a regio- and stereospecific manner, being (9R)-HODE ((9R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate) and (13S)-HODE ((13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate) its major products (By similarity). During neuroinflammation, plays a role in neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs) 15R-lipoxin A4 that regulates phagocytic microglia (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- enzyme binding
- Gene Name
- PTGS2
- Uniprot ID
- P35354
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 68995.625 Da
References
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Receptor for prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). Coupled to the G(i)-protein. Receptor activation may result in pertussis toxin-sensitive decreases in cAMP levels and Ca(2+) mobilization. PI3K signaling is also implicated in mediating PTGDR2 effects. PGD2 induced receptor internalization. CRTH2 internalization can be regulated by diverse kinases such as, PKC, PKA, GRK2, GPRK5/GRK5 and GRK6. Receptor activation is responsible, at least in part, in immune regulation and allergic/inflammation responses
- Specific Function
- G protein-coupled receptor activity
- Gene Name
- PTGDR2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y5Y4
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2
- Molecular Weight
- 43267.15 Da
References
- Hata AN, Lybrand TP, Marnett LJ, Breyer RM: Structural determinants of arylacetic acid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs necessary for binding and activation of the prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Mar;67(3):640-7. Epub 2004 Nov 24. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
- Specific Function
- 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Chen Q, Doss GA, Tung EC, Liu W, Tang YS, Braun MP, Didolkar V, Strauss JR, Wang RW, Stearns RA, Evans DC, Baillie TA, Tang W: Evidence for the bioactivation of zomepirac and tolmetin by an oxidative pathway: identification of glutathione adducts in vitro in human liver microsomes and in vivo in rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Jan;34(1):145-51. doi: 10.1124/dmd.105.004341. Epub 2005 Oct 26. [Article]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Binds water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs (Probable). Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood (Probable). Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc (PubMed:19021548). Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity). Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity). Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli (PubMed:6234017). Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin (PubMed:6234017)
- Specific Function
- antioxidant activity
- Gene Name
- ALB
- Uniprot ID
- P02768
- Uniprot Name
- Albumin
- Molecular Weight
- 69365.94 Da
References
- Pritchard JF, O'Neill PJ, Affrime MB, Lowenthal DT: Influence of uremia, hemodialysis, and nonesterified fatty acids on zomepirac plasma protein binding. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983 Nov;34(5):681-8. [Article]
- Ojingwa JC, Spahn-Langguth H, Benet LZ: Reversible binding of tolmetin, zomepirac, and their glucuronide conjugates to human serum albumin and plasma. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1994 Feb;22(1):19-40. [Article]
Drug created at September 11, 2007 20:33 / Updated at August 26, 2024 19:22