Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP]

Details

Name
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP]
Kind
protein
Synonyms
  • 4.1.1.32
  • PEPCK-C
  • PEPCK1
  • Serine-protein kinase PCK1
Gene Name
PCK1
UniProtKB Entry
P35558Swiss-Prot
Organism
Humans
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0001805|Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP]
MPPQLQNGLNLSAKVVQGSLDSLPQAVREFLENNAELCQPDHIHICDGSEEENGRLLGQM
EEEGILRRLKKYDNCWLALTDPRDVARIESKTVIVTQEQRDTVPIPKTGLSQLGRWMSEE
DFEKAFNARFPGCMKGRTMYVIPFSMGPLGSPLSKIGIELTDSPYVVASMRIMTRMGTPV
LEAVGDGEFVKCLHSVGCPLPLQKPLVNNWPCNPELTLIAHLPDRREIISFGSGYGGNSL
LGKKCFALRMASRLAKEEGWLAEHMLILGITNPEGEKKYLAAAFPSACGKTNLAMMNPSL
PGWKVECVGDDIAWMKFDAQGHLRAINPENGFFGVAPGTSVKTNPNAIKTIQKNTIFTNV
AETSDGGVYWEGIDEPLASGVTITSWKNKEWSSEDGEPCAHPNSRFCTPASQCPIIDAAW
ESPEGVPIEGIIFGGRRPAGVPLVYEALSWQHGVFVGAAMRSEATAAAEHKGKIIMHDPF
AMRPFFGYNFGKYLAHWLSMAQHPAAKLPKIFHVNWFRKDKEGKFLWPGFGENSRVLEWM
FNRIDGKASTKLTPIGYIPKEDALNLKGLGHINMMELFSISKEFWEKEVEDIEKYLEDQV
NADLPCEIEREILALKQRISQM
Number of residues
622
Molecular Weight
69193.975
Theoretical pI
6.05
GO Classification
Functions
protein serine kinase activity (using GTP as donor)
Processes
cellular hyperosmotic salinity response / cellular hypotonic salinity response / cellular response to cAMP / cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus / cellular response to fructose stimulus / cellular response to glucagon stimulus / cellular response to glucose stimulus / cellular response to hypoxia / cellular response to insulin stimulus / cellular response to interleukin-1 / cellular response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate / cellular response to raffinose / cellular response to retinoic acid / cellular response to tumor necrosis factor / glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate biosynthetic process / hepatocyte differentiation / peptidyl-serine phosphorylation / positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process / positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation / positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II / propionate catabolic process / regulation of lipid biosynthetic process / response to interleukin-6 / response to lipopolysaccharide / response to methionine / response to starvation / tricarboxylic acid metabolic process
Components
endoplasmic reticulum
General Function
Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase that catalyzes the reversible decarboxylation and phosphorylation of oxaloacetate (OAA) and acts as the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis (PubMed:24863970, PubMed:26971250, PubMed:28216384, PubMed:30193097). Regulates cataplerosis and anaplerosis, the processes that control the levels of metabolic intermediates in the citric acid cycle (PubMed:24863970, PubMed:26971250, PubMed:28216384, PubMed:30193097). At low glucose levels, it catalyzes the cataplerotic conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the rate-limiting step in the metabolic pathway that produces glucose from lactate and other precursors derived from the citric acid cycle (PubMed:30193097). At high glucose levels, it catalyzes the anaplerotic conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate (PubMed:30193097). Acts as a regulator of formation and maintenance of memory CD8(+) T-cells: up-regulated in these cells, where it generates phosphoenolpyruvate, via gluconeogenesis (By similarity). The resultant phosphoenolpyruvate flows to glycogen and pentose phosphate pathway, which is essential for memory CD8(+) T-cells homeostasis (By similarity). In addition to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity, also acts as a protein kinase when phosphorylated at Ser-90: phosphorylation at Ser-90 by AKT1 reduces the binding affinity to oxaloacetate and promotes an atypical serine protein kinase activity using GTP as donor (PubMed:32322062). The protein kinase activity regulates lipogenesis: upon phosphorylation at Ser-90, translocates to the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyzes phosphorylation of INSIG proteins (INSIG1 and INSIG2), thereby disrupting the interaction between INSIG proteins and SCAP and promoting nuclear translocation of SREBP proteins (SREBF1/SREBP1 or SREBF2/SREBP2) and subsequent transcription of downstream lipogenesis-related genes (PubMed:32322062)
Specific Function
Carboxylic acid binding
Pfam Domain Function
Signal Regions
Not Available
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Cytoplasm, cytosol
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016245|Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] (PCK1)
ATGCCTCCTCAGCTGCAAAACGGCCTGAACCTCTCGGCCAAAGTTGTCCAGGGAAGCCTG
GACAGCCTACCCCAGGCAGTGAGGGAGTTTCTCGAGAATAACGCTGAGCTGTGTCAGCCT
GATCACATCCACATCTGTGACGGCTCTGAGGAGGAGAATGGGCGGCTTCTGGGCCAGATG
GAGGAAGAGGGCATCCTCAGGCGGCTGAAGAAGTATGACAACTGCTGGTTGGCTCTCACT
GACCCCAGGGATGTGGCCAGGATCGAAAGCAAGACGGTTATCGTCACCCAAGAGCAAAGA
GACACAGTGCCCATCCCCAAAACAGGCCTCAGCCAGCTCGGTCGCTGGATGTCAGAGGAG
GATTTTGAGAAAGCGTTCAATGCCAGGTTCCCAGGGTGCATGAAAGGTCGCACCATGTAC
GTCATCCCATTCAGCATGGGGCCGCTGGGCTCGCCTCTGTCAAAGATCGGCATCGAGCTG
ACGGATTCACCCTACGTGGTGGCCAGCATGCGGATCATGACGCGGATGGGCACGCCCGTC
CTGGAAGCAGTGGGCGATGGGGAGTTTGTCAAATGCCTCCATTCTGTGGGGTGCCCTCTG
CCTTTACAAAAGCCTTTGGTCAACAACTGGCCCTGCAACCCGGAGCTGACGCTCATCGCC
CACCTGCCTGACCGCAGAGAGATCATCTCCTTTGGCAGTGGGTACGGCGGGAACTCGCTG
CTCGGGAAGAAGTGCTTTGCTCTCAGGATGGCCAGCCGGCTGGCCAAGGAGGAAGGGTGG
CTGGCAGAGCACATGCTGATTCTGGGTATAACCAACCCTGAGGGTGAGAAGAAGTACCTG
GCGGCCGCATTTCCCAGCGCCTGCGGGAAGACCAACCTGGCCATGATGAACCCCAGCCTC
CCCGGGTGGAAGGTTGAGTGCGTCGGGGATGACATTGCCTGGATGAAGTTTGACGCACAA
GGTCATTTAAGGGCCATCAACCCAGAAAATGGCTTTTTCGGTGTCGCTCCTGGGACTTCA
GTGAAGACCAACCCCAATGCCATCAAGACCATCCAGAAGAACACAATCTTTACCAATGTG
GCCGAGACCAGCGACGGGGGCGTTTACTGGGAAGGCATTGATGAGCCGCTAGCTTCAGGT
GTCACCATCACGTCCTGGAAGAATAAGGAGTGGAGCTCAGAGGATGGGGAACCTTGTGCC
CACCCCAACTCGAGGTTCTGCACCCCTGCCAGCCAGTGCCCCATCATTGATGCTGCCTGG
GAGTCTCCGGAAGGTGTTCCCATTGAAGGCATTATCTTTGGAGGCCGTAGACCTGCTGGT
GTCCCTCTAGTCTATGAAGCTCTCAGCTGGCAACATGGAGTCTTTGTGGGGGCGGCCATG
AGATCAGAGGCCACAGCGGCTGCAGAACATAAAGGCAAAATCATCATGCATGACCCCTTT
GCCATGCGGCCCTTCTTTGGCTACAACTTCGGCAAATACCTGGCCCACTGGCTTAGCATG
GCCCAGCACCCAGCAGCCAAACTGCCCAAGATCTTCCATGTCAACTGGTTCCGGAAGGAC
AAGGAAGGCAAATTCCTCTGGCCAGGCTTTGGAGAGAACTCCAGGGTGCTGGAGTGGATG
TTCAACCGGATCGATGGAAAAGCCAGCACCAAGCTCACGCCCATAGGCTACATCCCCAAG
GAGGATGCCCTGAACCTGAAAGGCCTGGGGCACATCAACATGATGGAGCTTTTCAGCATC
TCCAAGGAATTCTGGGAGAAGGAGGTGGAAGACATCGAGAAGTATCTGGAGGATCAAGTC
AATGCCGACCTCCCCTGTGAAATCGAGAGAGAGATCCTTGCCTTGAAGCAAAGAATAAGC
CAGATGTAA
Chromosome Location
20
Locus
20q13.31
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP35558
UniProtKB Entry NamePCKGC_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID189945
GenBank Gene IDL05144
GeneCard IDPCK1
GenAtlas IDPCK1
HGNC IDHGNC:8724
PDB ID(s)1KHB, 1KHE, 1KHF, 1KHG, 1M51, 1NHX, 2GMV
KEGG IDhsa:5105
NCBI Gene ID5105
General References
  1. Stoffel M, Xiang KS, Espinosa R 3rd, Cox NJ, Le Beau MM, Bell GI: cDNA sequence and localization of polymorphic human cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene (PCK1) to chromosome 20, band q13.31: PCK1 is not tightly linked to maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jan;2(1):1-4. [Article]
  2. Ting CN, Burgess DL, Chamberlain JS, Keith TP, Falls K, Meisler MH: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP): characterization of the human PCK1 gene and localization distal to MODY on chromosome 20. Genomics. 1993 Jun;16(3):698-706. [Article]
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  6. O'Brien RM, Printz RL, Halmi N, Tiesinga JJ, Granner DK: Structural and functional analysis of the human phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Dec 27;1264(3):284-8. [Article]
  7. Liu J, Hanson RW: Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene transcription. Mol Cell Biochem. 1991 May 29-Jun 12;104(1-2):89-100. [Article]
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  9. Jiang W, Wang S, Xiao M, Lin Y, Zhou L, Lei Q, Xiong Y, Guan KL, Zhao S: Acetylation regulates gluconeogenesis by promoting PEPCK1 degradation via recruiting the UBR5 ubiquitin ligase. Mol Cell. 2011 Jul 8;43(1):33-44. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.04.028. [Article]
  10. Bian Y, Song C, Cheng K, Dong M, Wang F, Huang J, Sun D, Wang L, Ye M, Zou H: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Nov 22. [Article]
  11. Dunten P, Belunis C, Crowther R, Hollfelder K, Kammlott U, Levin W, Michel H, Ramsey GB, Swain A, Weber D, Wertheimer SJ: Crystal structure of human cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase reveals a new GTP-binding site. J Mol Biol. 2002 Feb 15;316(2):257-64. [Article]
  12. Foley LH, Wang P, Dunten P, Ramsey G, Gubler ML, Wertheimer SJ: X-ray structures of two xanthine inhibitors bound to PEPCK and N-3 modifications of substituted 1,8-dibenzylxanthines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2003 Nov 3;13(21):3871-4. [Article]
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Associated Data

Drug Relations
DrugDrug groupPharmacological action?TypeActionsDetails
PhosphoenolpyruvateexperimentalunknowntargetDetails
1-(2-Fluorobenzyl)-3-Butyl-8-(N-Acetyl-4-Aminobenzyl)-XanthineexperimentalunknowntargetDetails
1-Allyl-3-Butyl-8-(N-Acetyl-4-Aminobenzyl)-XanthineexperimentalunknowntargetDetails
5'-GuanylylmethylenebisphosphonateexperimentalunknowntargetDetails
MersalylexperimentalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails