Contributing

Please sign one of the contributor license agreements below.
Fork the repo, develop and test your code changes, add docs.
Make sure that your commit messages clearly describe the changes.
Send a pull request. (Please Read: Faster Pull Request Reviews)

Here are some guidelines for hacking on the Google Cloud Client libraries.

Adding Features
Using a Development Checkout
- Using nox
I'm getting weird errors... Can you help?
Coding Style
Running System Tests
Test Coverage
Documentation Coverage and Building HTML Documentation
Note About README as it pertains to PyPI
Supported Python Versions
Versioning
Contributor License Agreements

Adding Features

In order to add a feature:

The feature must be documented in both the API and narrative documentation.
The feature must work fully on the following CPython versions: 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12 and 3.13 on both UNIX and Windows.
The feature must not add unnecessary dependencies (where "unnecessary" is of course subjective, but new dependencies should be discussed).

Using a Development Checkout

You'll have to create a development environment using a Git checkout:

While logged into your GitHub account, navigate to the python-storage repo on GitHub.
Fork and clone the python-storage repository to your GitHub account by clicking the "Fork" button.

Clone your fork of python-storage from your GitHub account to your local computer, substituting your account username and specifying the destination as hack-on-python-storage. E.g.:

$ cd ${HOME}
$ git clone git@github.com:USERNAME/python-storage.git hack-on-python-storage
$ cd hack-on-python-storage
# Configure remotes such that you can pull changes from the googleapis/python-storage
# repository into your local repository.
$ git remote add upstream git@github.com:googleapis/python-storage.git
# fetch and merge changes from upstream into main
$ git fetch upstream
$ git merge upstream/main

Now your local repo is set up such that you will push changes to your GitHub repo, from which you can submit a pull request.

To work on the codebase and run the tests, we recommend using nox, but you can also use a virtualenv of your own creation.

Using `nox`

We use nox to instrument our tests.

To test your changes, run unit tests with nox:
```
$ nox -s unit-2.7
$ nox -s unit-3.7
$ ...
```
Note

The unit tests and system tests are described in the noxfile.py files in each directory.

I'm getting weird errors... Can you help?

If the error mentions Python.h not being found, install python-dev and try again. On Debian/Ubuntu:

$ sudo apt-get install python-dev

Coding Style

PEP8 compliance, with exceptions defined in the linter configuration. If you have nox installed, you can test that you have not introduced any non-compliant code via:
```
$ nox -s lint
```
In order to make nox -s lint run faster, you can set some environment variables:
```
export GOOGLE_CLOUD_TESTING_REMOTE="upstream"
export GOOGLE_CLOUD_TESTING_BRANCH="main"
```
By doing this, you are specifying the location of the most up-to-date version of python-storage. The the suggested remote name upstream should point to the official googleapis checkout and the the branch should be the main branch on that remote (main).
This repository contains configuration for the pre-commit tool, which automates checking our linters during a commit. If you have it installed on your $PATH, you can enable enforcing those checks via:

$ pre-commit install
pre-commit installed at .git/hooks/pre-commit

Exceptions to PEP8:

Many unit tests use a helper method, _call_fut ("FUT" is short for "Function-Under-Test"), which is PEP8-incompliant, but more readable. Some also use a local variable, MUT (short for "Module-Under-Test").

Running System Tests

To run system tests, you can execute:
```
$ nox -s system-3.8
$ nox -s system-2.7
```
Note

System tests are only configured to run under Python 2.7 and Python 3.8. For expediency, we do not run them in older versions of Python 3.

This alone will not run the tests. You'll need to change some local auth settings and change some configuration in your project to run all the tests.
System tests will be run against an actual project and so you'll need to provide some environment variables to facilitate authentication to your project:
- GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS: The path to a JSON key file; Such a file can be downloaded directly from the developer's console by clicking "Generate new JSON key". See private key docs for more details.
Once you have downloaded your json keys, set the environment variable GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS to the absolute path of the json file:
```
$ export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="/Users/<your_username>/path/to/app_credentials.json"
```

Test Coverage

The codebase must have 100% test statement coverage after each commit. You can test coverage via nox -s cover.

Documentation Coverage and Building HTML Documentation

If you fix a bug, and the bug requires an API or behavior modification, all documentation in this package which references that API or behavior must be changed to reflect the bug fix, ideally in the same commit that fixes the bug or adds the feature.

Build the docs via:

$ nox -s docs

Note About `README` as it pertains to PyPI

The description on PyPI for the project comes directly from the README. Due to the reStructuredText (rst) parser used by PyPI, relative links which will work on GitHub (e.g. CONTRIBUTING.rst instead of https://github.com/googleapis/python-storage/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.rst) may cause problems creating links or rendering the description.

Supported Python Versions

We support:

Supported versions can be found in our noxfile.py config.

Python 2.7 support is deprecated. All code changes should maintain Python 2.7 compatibility until January 1, 2020.

We also explicitly decided to support Python 3 beginning with version 3.5. Reasons for this include:

Encouraging use of newest versions of Python 3
Taking the lead of prominent open-source projects
Unicode literal support which allows for a cleaner codebase that works in both Python 2 and Python 3

Versioning

This library follows Semantic Versioning.

Some packages are currently in major version zero (0.y.z), which means that anything may change at any time and the public API should not be considered stable.

Contributor License Agreements

Before we can accept your pull requests you'll need to sign a Contributor License Agreement (CLA):

You can sign these electronically (just scroll to the bottom). After that, we'll be able to accept your pull requests.