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CONTRIBUTING.md

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# Contributing to this project
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To join this Working Group, please read the information in the [README.md](./README.md) as well as the Contributor License Agreement information just below:
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## Joining the Working Group
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We are looking for participation from software developers, localization engineers and others with experience
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in Internationalization (I18N) and Localization (L10N). If you wish to contribute to this work, please review
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the information on the Contributor License Agreement below. In addition, you should:
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1. Apply to join our [mailing list](https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!forum/message-format-wg)
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2. Watch this repository (use the "Watch" button in the upper right corner)
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<!-- boilerplate follows - do not edit -->
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README.md

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Messages can use a _selector_ to choose between different _variants_,
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which correspond to the grammatical (or other) requirements of the language:
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.input {$count :integer}
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.match $count
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.match {$count :integer}
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0 {{You have no notifications.}}
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one {{You have {$count} notification.}}
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* {{You have {$count} notifications.}}
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Implementers should be aware of the following normative changes during the tech preview period.
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See the [commit history](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/commits)
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after 2024-04-13 for a list of all commits (including non-normative changes).
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- [#885](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/885) Address equality of `name` and `literal` values, including requiring keys to use NFC
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- [#884](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/884) Add support for bidirectional isolates and strong marks in syntax and address UAX31/UTS55 requirements
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- [#883](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/883) Remove forward-compatibility promise and all reserved/private syntax.
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- [#882](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/882) Specify `bad-option` error for bad digit size options in `:number` and `:integer` functions
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- [#878](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/878) Clarify "rule" selection in `:number` and `:integer` functions
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- [#877](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/877) Match on variables instead of expressions.
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- [#854](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/854) Allow whitespace at complex message start
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- [#853](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/853) Add a "duplicate-variant" error
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- [#845](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/845) Define "attributes" feature
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- [#834](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/834) Modify the stability policy (not currently in effect due to Tech Preview)
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- [#816](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/816) Refine error handling
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- [#815](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/815) Removed machine-readable function registry as a deliverable
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- [#813](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/813) Change default of `:date` and `:datetime` date formatting from `short` to `medium`
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- [#812](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/812) Allow trailing whitespace for complex messages
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- [#793](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/793) Recommend the use of escapes only when necessary
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- [#775](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/775) Add formal definitions for variable, external variable, and local variable
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- [#774](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/774) Refactor errors, adding Message Function Errors
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- [#771](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/771) Remove inappropriate normative statement from errors.md
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- [#767](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/767) Add a test schema and
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[#778](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/778) validate tests against it
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- [#769](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/769) Add `:test:function`,
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`:test:select` and `:test:format` functions for implementation testing
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- [#743](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues/743) Collapse all escape sequence rules into one (affects the ABNF)
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In addition to the above, the test suite is significantly modified and updated.
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- _more to be added as they are merged_
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## Implementations
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- General questions and thoughts → [post a discussion thread](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/discussions).
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- Actionable feedback (bugs, feature requests) → [file a new issue](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/issues).
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## Participation / Joining the Working Group
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We are looking for participation from software developers, localization engineers and others with experience
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in Internationalization (I18N) and Localization (L10N).
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If you wish to contribute to this work, please review the information about the Contributor License Agreement below.
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## Participation
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To follow this work:
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1. Apply to join our [mailing list](https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!forum/message-format-wg)
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2. Watch this repository (use the "Watch" button in the upper right corner)
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To join in:
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To contribute to this work, in addition to the above:
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1. Each individual MUST have a copy of the CLA on file. See below.
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2. Individuals who are employees of Unicode Member organizations SHOULD contact their member representative.
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Individuals who are not employees of Unicode Member organizations MUST contact the chair to request Invited Expert status.
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Employees of Unicode Member organizations MAY also apply for Invited Expert status,
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subject to approval from their member representative.
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1. Review [CONTRIBUTING.md](./CONTRIBUTING.md)
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2. Apply to join our 10000 [mailing list](https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!forum/message-format-wg)
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3. Watch this repository (use the "Watch" button in the upper right corner)
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### Copyright & Licenses
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Copyright © 2019-2024 Unicode, Inc. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc. in the United States and other countries.
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A CLA is required to contribute to this project - please refer to the [CONTRIBUTING.md](./CONTRIBUTING.md) file (or start a Pull Request) for more information.
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The project is released under [LICENSE](./LICENSE).
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The contents of this repository are governed by the Unicode [Terms of Use](https://www.unicode.org/copyright.html) and are released under [LICENSE](./LICENSE).
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A CLA is required to contribute to this project - please refer to the [CONTRIBUTING.md](./CONTRIBUTING.md) file (or start a Pull Request) for more information.

exploration/bidi-usability.md

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_Describe the proposed solution. Consider syntax, formatting, errors, registry, tooling, interchange._
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I propose adopting a hybrid approach in which we permit "super-loose isolation".
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This allows user to include isolates and strongly directional characters into the whitespace
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portions of the syntax in order to make messages appear correctly.
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The second part of the hybrid approach would be to recommend ("SHOULD") the "strict isolation"
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design for serializers.
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(Note that "strict" and "super-loose" use non-identical productions with the name `bidi`.
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These serve different purposes and are consistent with strict being narrower with super-loose.)
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This syntax is a subset of the super-loose syntax and can be applied selectively to messages that
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have RTL sequences or which have problematic display.
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## Alternatives Considered
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_What other solutions are available?_
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_How do they compare against the requirements?_
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_What other properties they have?_
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### Nothing
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We could do nothing.
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A likely outcome of doing nothing is that RTL users would insert bidi controls into
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_messages_ in an attempt to make the _pattern_ and/or _placeholders_ display correctly.
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These controls would become part of the output of the _message_,
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showing up inappropriately at runtime.
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Because these characters are invisible, users might be very frustrated trying to manage
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the results or debug what is wrong with their messages.
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By contrast, if users insert too many or the wrong controls using the recommended design,
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the _message_ would still be functional and would emit no undesired characters.
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### LTR Messages with isolating sequences
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The syntax of a _message_ assumes a left-to-right base direction
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both for the complete text of the _message_ as well as for each line (paragraph)
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contained therein.
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bidi = [ %x200E-200F / %x061C ]
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```
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**Open Issues**
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### Open Issues with Proposed Design
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The ABNF changes found above put isolates and strongly directional marks into specific locations,
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such as directly next to `{`/`}`/`{{`/`}}` markers
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whitespace in the syntax and depend on users/editors to appropriately pair or position the marks
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to get optimal display.
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## Alternatives Considered
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_What other solutions are available?_
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_How do they compare against the requirements?_
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_What other properties they have?_
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### Nothing
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We could do nothing.
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A likely outcome of doing nothing is that RTL users would insert bidi controls into
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_messages_ in an attempt to make the _pattern_ and/or _placeholders_ display correctly.
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These controls would become part of the output of the _message_,
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showing up inappropriately at runtime.
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Because these characters are invisible, users might be very frustrated trying to manage
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the results or debug what is wrong with their messages.
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By contrast, if users insert too many or the wrong controls using the recommended design,
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the _message_ would still be functional and would emit no undesired characters.
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### Super-loose isolation
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Add isolates and strongly directional marks to required and optional whitespace in the syntax.
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This would permit users to get the effects described by the above design,
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as long as they use isolates/marks in a "responsible" way.
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The exception to this is the namespace separator, used in `identifier`.
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This requires the ability to insert isolates or strongly directional marks
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between the namespace and name portions, where whitespace is not permitted.
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This is the only location in the syntax where such characters might be needed
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but whitespace is not at least optional.
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This could be defined as:
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```abnf
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ns-separator = [bidi] ":" [bidi]
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```
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Here are the other ABNF changes:
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(Omitting other changes found in #673)
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```abnf
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; strongly directional marks and bidi isolates
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### Strict isolation all the time
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Apply bidi isolates in a strict way.
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In this design:
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The main differences to the proposed solution is:
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1. The open/close isolate characters are syntactically required to be paired.
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This introduces parse errors for unpaired invisible characters,
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which could lead to bad user experiences.
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/ "{" [s] "/" identifier [bidi] *(s option) *(s attribute) [s] "}" ; close
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/ "{" LRI [s] "/" identifier [bidi] *(s option) *(s attribute) [s] close-isolate "}" ; close
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identifier = [(namespace ns-separator)] name
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ns-separator = [bidi] ":" [bidi]
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ns-separator = [bidi] ":"
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bidi = [ %x200E-200F / %x061C ]
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```
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syntax errors
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- Provides a foundation for tools to claim strict conformance and message normalization
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- Messages are valid while being edited (such as when the open or close isolate has been
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**Cons**
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exploration/expression-attributes.md

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# Expression Attributes
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Status: **Accepted**
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Status: **Proposed**
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<details>
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<summary>Metadata</summary>
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<dd><a href="https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/pull/772">#772</a></dd>
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<dd><a href="https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/pull/780">#780</a></dd>
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<dd><a href="https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/pull/792">#792</a></dd>
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<dd><a href="https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/pull/845">#845</a></dd>
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<dd><a href="https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg/pull/846">#846</a></dd>
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</dl>
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</details>
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