From 5289fa097f928811cf66237de19b02eea31b18ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Piotr Rzysko Date: Sun, 26 Nov 2023 11:23:29 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 01/13] fix releasing new version --- .github/workflows/publish.yml | 2 +- build.gradle | 6 +++--- 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml index a5ae693..fa59c3d 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/publish.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/publish.yml @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ jobs: GPG_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD }} - name: Create GitHub Release - if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' + if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && !endsWith(steps.release.outputs.released_version, '-SNAPSHOT') run: gh release create "${{ steps.release.outputs.released_version }}" --generate-notes env: GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }} diff --git a/build.gradle b/build.gradle index 54ac9a5..b7b39e7 100644 --- a/build.gradle +++ b/build.gradle @@ -14,9 +14,6 @@ plugins { id 'signing' } -group = 'org.simdjson' -version = scmVersion.version - scmVersion { versionCreator('versionWithBranch') tag { @@ -24,6 +21,9 @@ scmVersion { } } +group = 'org.simdjson' +version = scmVersion.version + repositories { mavenCentral() } From bc5e14d18b961fc2fda807eb373e08d05c21a7e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nostimo <52630680+Nostimo@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sun, 26 Nov 2023 11:51:20 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 02/13] Added UTF-8 validation (#13) --- build.gradle | 1 + .../org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorBenchmark.java | 34 ++ .../java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParser.java | 5 + src/main/java/org/simdjson/Utf8Validator.java | 260 +++++++++ .../java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorTest.java | 498 ++++++++++++++++++ src/test/resources/malformed.txt | Bin 0 -> 22781 bytes src/test/resources/nhkworld.json | 1 + 7 files changed, 799 insertions(+) create mode 100644 src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorBenchmark.java create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/Utf8Validator.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorTest.java create mode 100644 src/test/resources/malformed.txt create mode 100644 src/test/resources/nhkworld.json diff --git a/build.gradle b/build.gradle index b7b39e7..2aee159 100644 --- a/build.gradle +++ b/build.gradle @@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ dependencies { jmhImplementation group: 'com.alibaba.fastjson2', name: 'fastjson2', version: '2.0.35' jmhImplementation group: 'com.jsoniter', name: 'jsoniter', version: '0.9.23' jmhImplementation group: 'com.github.plokhotnyuk.jsoniter-scala', name: 'jsoniter-scala-core_2.13', version: jsoniterScalaVersion + jmhImplementation group: 'com.google.guava', name: 'guava', version: '32.1.2-jre' compileOnly group: 'com.github.plokhotnyuk.jsoniter-scala', name: 'jsoniter-scala-macros_2.13', version: jsoniterScalaVersion testImplementation group: 'org.assertj', name: 'assertj-core', version: '3.24.2' diff --git a/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorBenchmark.java b/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorBenchmark.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51a6948 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorBenchmark.java @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import com.google.common.base.Utf8; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*; + +import java.io.IOException; +import java.io.InputStream; +import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; + +@State(Scope.Benchmark) +@BenchmarkMode(Mode.Throughput) +@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.SECONDS) +public class Utf8ValidatorBenchmark { + @Param({"/twitter.json", "/gsoc-2018.json", "/github_events.json"}) + String fileName; + byte[] bytes; + + @Setup(Level.Trial) + public void setup() throws IOException { + try (InputStream is = Utf8ValidatorBenchmark.class.getResourceAsStream(fileName)) { + bytes = is.readAllBytes(); + } + } + + @Benchmark + public void utf8Validator() { + Utf8Validator.validate(bytes); + } + + @Benchmark + public boolean guava() { + return Utf8.isWellFormed(bytes); + } +} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParser.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParser.java index fe127c5..2ca2d1a 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParser.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParser.java @@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ public SimdJsonParser(int capacity, int maxDepth) { } public JsonValue parse(byte[] buffer, int len) { + stage0(buffer); byte[] padded = padIfNeeded(buffer, len); reset(padded, len); stage1(padded); @@ -47,6 +48,10 @@ private void reset(byte[] buffer, int len) { jsonIterator.reset(); } + private void stage0(byte[] buffer) { + Utf8Validator.validate(buffer); + } + private void stage1(byte[] buffer) { while (reader.hasFullBlock()) { int blockIndex = reader.getBlockIndex(); diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/Utf8Validator.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/Utf8Validator.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2838d76 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/Utf8Validator.java @@ -0,0 +1,260 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import jdk.incubator.vector.*; + +import java.util.Arrays; + +public class Utf8Validator { + private static final VectorSpecies VECTOR_SPECIES = ByteVector.SPECIES_256; + private static final ByteVector INCOMPLETE_CHECK = getIncompleteCheck(); + private static final VectorShuffle SHIFT_FOUR_BYTES_FORWARD = VectorShuffle.iota(IntVector.SPECIES_256, + IntVector.SPECIES_256.elementSize() - 1, 1, true); + private static final ByteVector LOW_NIBBLE_MASK = ByteVector.broadcast(VECTOR_SPECIES, 0b0000_1111); + private static final ByteVector ALL_ASCII_MASK = ByteVector.broadcast(VECTOR_SPECIES, (byte) 0b1000_0000); + + /** + * Validate the input bytes are valid UTF8 + * + * @param inputBytes the input bytes to validate + * @throws JsonParsingException if the input is not valid UTF8 + */ + static void validate(byte[] inputBytes) { + long previousIncomplete = 0; + long errors = 0; + int previousFourUtf8Bytes = 0; + + int idx = 0; + for (; idx < VECTOR_SPECIES.loopBound(inputBytes.length); idx += VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()) { + ByteVector utf8Vector = ByteVector.fromArray(VECTOR_SPECIES, inputBytes, idx); + // ASCII fast path can bypass the checks that are only required for multibyte code points + if (isAscii(utf8Vector)) { + errors |= previousIncomplete; + } else { + previousIncomplete = isIncomplete(utf8Vector); + + var fourBytesPrevious = fourBytesPreviousSlice(utf8Vector, previousFourUtf8Bytes); + + ByteVector firstCheck = firstTwoByteSequenceCheck(utf8Vector.reinterpretAsInts(), fourBytesPrevious); + ByteVector secondCheck = lastTwoByteSequenceCheck(utf8Vector.reinterpretAsInts(), fourBytesPrevious, firstCheck); + + errors |= secondCheck.compare(VectorOperators.NE, 0).toLong(); + } + previousFourUtf8Bytes = utf8Vector.reinterpretAsInts().lane(IntVector.SPECIES_256.length() - 1); + } + + // if the input file doesn't align with the vector width, pad the missing bytes with zero + VectorMask remainingBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.indexInRange(idx, inputBytes.length); + ByteVector lastVectorChunk = ByteVector.fromArray(VECTOR_SPECIES, inputBytes, idx, remainingBytes); + if (!isAscii(lastVectorChunk)) { + previousIncomplete = isIncomplete(lastVectorChunk); + + var fourBytesPrevious = fourBytesPreviousSlice(lastVectorChunk, previousFourUtf8Bytes); + + ByteVector firstCheck = firstTwoByteSequenceCheck(lastVectorChunk.reinterpretAsInts(), fourBytesPrevious); + ByteVector secondCheck = lastTwoByteSequenceCheck(lastVectorChunk.reinterpretAsInts(), fourBytesPrevious, firstCheck); + + errors |= secondCheck.compare(VectorOperators.NE, 0).toLong(); + } + + if ((errors | previousIncomplete) != 0) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid UTF8"); + } + } + + /* Shuffles the input forward by four bytes to make space for the previous four bytes. + The previous three bytes are required for validation, pulling in the last integer will give the previous four bytes. + The switch to integer vectors is to allow for integer shifting instead of the more expensive shuffle / slice operations */ + private static IntVector fourBytesPreviousSlice(ByteVector vectorChunk, int previousFourUtf8Bytes) { + return vectorChunk.reinterpretAsInts() + .rearrange(SHIFT_FOUR_BYTES_FORWARD) + .withLane(0, previousFourUtf8Bytes); + } + + // works similar to previousUtf8Vector.slice(VECTOR_SPECIES.length() - numOfBytesToInclude, utf8Vector) but without the performance cost + private static ByteVector previousVectorSlice(IntVector utf8Vector, IntVector fourBytesPrevious, int numOfPreviousBytes) { + return utf8Vector + .lanewise(VectorOperators.LSHL, Byte.SIZE * numOfPreviousBytes) + .or(fourBytesPrevious.lanewise(VectorOperators.LSHR, Byte.SIZE * (4 - numOfPreviousBytes))) + .reinterpretAsBytes(); + } + + private static ByteVector firstTwoByteSequenceCheck(IntVector utf8Vector, IntVector fourBytesPrevious) { + // shift the current input forward by 1 byte to include 1 byte from the previous input + var oneBytePrevious = previousVectorSlice(utf8Vector, fourBytesPrevious, 1); + + // high nibbles of the current input (e.g. 0xC3 >> 4 = 0xC) + ByteVector byte2HighNibbles = utf8Vector.lanewise(VectorOperators.LSHR, 4) + .reinterpretAsBytes().and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK); + + // high nibbles of the shifted input + ByteVector byte1HighNibbles = oneBytePrevious.reinterpretAsInts().lanewise(VectorOperators.LSHR, 4) + .reinterpretAsBytes().and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK); + + // low nibbles of the shifted input (e.g. 0xC3 & 0xF = 0x3) + ByteVector byte1LowNibbles = oneBytePrevious.and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK); + + ByteVector byte1HighState = byte1HighNibbles.selectFrom(LookupTable.byte1High); + ByteVector byte1LowState = byte1LowNibbles.selectFrom(LookupTable.byte1Low); + ByteVector byte2HighState = byte2HighNibbles.selectFrom(LookupTable.byte2High); + + return byte1HighState.and(byte1LowState).and(byte2HighState); + } + + // All remaining checks are invalid 3–4 byte sequences, which either have too many continuations bytes or not enough + private static ByteVector lastTwoByteSequenceCheck(IntVector utf8Vector, IntVector fourBytesPrevious, ByteVector firstCheck) { + // the minimum 3byte lead - 1110_0000 is always greater than the max 2byte lead - 110_11111 + ByteVector twoBytesPrevious = previousVectorSlice(utf8Vector, fourBytesPrevious, 2); + VectorMask is3ByteLead = twoBytesPrevious.compare(VectorOperators.UNSIGNED_GT, (byte) 0b110_11111); + + // the minimum 4byte lead - 1111_0000 is always greater than the max 3byte lead - 1110_1111 + ByteVector threeBytesPrevious = previousVectorSlice(utf8Vector, fourBytesPrevious, 3); + VectorMask is4ByteLead = threeBytesPrevious.compare(VectorOperators.UNSIGNED_GT, (byte) 0b1110_1111); + + // the firstCheck vector contains 0x80 values on continuation byte indexes + // the 3/4 byte lead bytes should match up with these indexes and zero them out + return firstCheck.add((byte) 0x80, is3ByteLead.or(is4ByteLead)); + } + + /* checks that the previous vector isn't in an incomplete state. + Previous vector is in an incomplete state if the last byte is smaller than 0xC0, + or the second last byte is smaller than 0xE0, or the third last byte is smaller than 0xF0.*/ + private static ByteVector getIncompleteCheck() { + int vectorBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); + byte[] eofArray = new byte[vectorBytes]; + Arrays.fill(eofArray, (byte) 255); + eofArray[vectorBytes - 3] = (byte) 0xF0; + eofArray[vectorBytes - 2] = (byte) 0xE0; + eofArray[vectorBytes - 1] = (byte) 0xC0; + return ByteVector.fromArray(VECTOR_SPECIES, eofArray, 0); + } + + private static long isIncomplete(ByteVector utf8Vector) { + return utf8Vector.compare(VectorOperators.UNSIGNED_GE, INCOMPLETE_CHECK).toLong(); + } + + // ASCII will never exceed 01111_1111 + private static boolean isAscii(ByteVector utf8Vector) { + return utf8Vector.and(ALL_ASCII_MASK).compare(VectorOperators.EQ, 0).allTrue(); + } + + private static class LookupTable { + /* Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte not followed by a continuation byte but by a lead/ASCII byte) + e.g. 11______ 0_______ + 11______ 11______ */ + static final byte TOO_SHORT = 1; + + /* Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation byte) + e.g. 01111111 10_000000 */ + static final byte TOO_LONG = 1 << 1; + + /* Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte + Any 3-byte sequence that could be represented by a shorter sequence + Which is any sequence smaller than 1110_0000 10_100000 10_000000 */ + static final byte OVERLONG_3BYTE = 1 << 2; + + /* Bit 3 = Too Large + Any decoded codepoint greater than U+10FFFF + e.g. 11110_100 10_010000 10_000000 10_000000 */ + static final byte TOO_LARGE = 1 << 3; + + /* Bit 4 = Surrogate + code points in the range of U+D800 - U+DFFF (inclusive) are the surrogates for UTF-16. + These 2048 code points that are reserved for UTF-16 are disallowed in UTF-8 + e.g. 1110_1101 10_100000 10_000000 */ + static final byte SURROGATE = 1 << 4; + + /* Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte + first valid two byte sequence: 110_00010 10_000000 + anything smaller is considered overlong as it would fit into a one byte sequence / ASCII */ + static final byte OVERLONG_2BYTE = 1 << 5; + + /* Bit 6 = Too Large 1000 + Similar to TOO_LARGE, but for cases where the continuation byte's high nibble is 1000 + e.g. 11110_101 10_000000 10_000000 */ + static final byte TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1 << 6; + + /* Bit 6 = Overlong 4-byte + Any decoded code point below above U+FFFF / 11110_000 10_001111 10_111111 10_111111 + e.g. 11110_000 10_000000 10_000000 10_000000 */ + static final byte OVERLONG_4BYTE = 1 << 6; + + /* Bit 7 = Two Continuations + e.g. 10_000000 10_000000 */ + static final byte TWO_CONTINUATIONS = (byte) (1 << 7); + + private final static ByteVector byte1High = getByte1HighLookup(); + private final static ByteVector byte1Low = getByte1LowLookup(); + private final static ByteVector byte2High = getByte2HighLookup(); + + private static ByteVector getByte1HighLookup() { + byte[] byte1HighArray = new byte[]{ + /* ASCII high nibble = 0000 -> 0111, ie 0 -> 7 index in lookup table */ + TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, + /* Continuation high nibble = 1000 -> 1011 */ + TWO_CONTINUATIONS, TWO_CONTINUATIONS, TWO_CONTINUATIONS, TWO_CONTINUATIONS, + /* Two byte lead high nibble = 1100 -> 1101 */ + TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2BYTE, TOO_SHORT, + /* Three byte lead high nibble = 1110 */ + TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_3BYTE | SURROGATE, + /* Four byte lead high nibble = 1111 */ + TOO_SHORT | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4BYTE + }; + + return alignArrayToVector(byte1HighArray); + } + + private static ByteVector alignArrayToVector(byte[] arrayValues) { + // pad array with zeroes to align up with vector size + byte[] alignedArray = new byte[VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()]; + System.arraycopy(arrayValues, 0, alignedArray, 0, arrayValues.length); + return ByteVector.fromArray(VECTOR_SPECIES, alignedArray, 0); + } + + private static ByteVector getByte1LowLookup() { + final byte CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTINUATIONS; + byte[] byte1LowArray = new byte[]{ + /* ASCII, two Byte lead and three byte lead low nibble = 0000 -> 1111, + * Four byte lead low nibble = 0000 -> 0111 + * Continuation byte low nibble is inconsequential + * Low nibble does not affect the states TOO_SHORT, TOO_LONG, TWO_CONTINUATIONS, so they will be carried over regardless */ + CARRY | OVERLONG_2BYTE | OVERLONG_3BYTE | OVERLONG_4BYTE, + // 0001 + CARRY | OVERLONG_2BYTE, + CARRY, + CARRY, + // 1111_0100 -> 1111 = TOO_LARGE range + CARRY | TOO_LARGE, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + // 1110_1101 + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | SURROGATE, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 + }; + + return alignArrayToVector(byte1LowArray); + } + + private static ByteVector getByte2HighLookup() { + byte[] byte2HighArray = new byte[]{ + // ASCII high nibble = 0000 -> 0111, ie 0 -> 7 index in lookup table + TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, + // Continuation high nibble - 1000 -> 1011 + TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTINUATIONS | OVERLONG_2BYTE | OVERLONG_3BYTE | OVERLONG_4BYTE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTINUATIONS | OVERLONG_2BYTE | OVERLONG_3BYTE | TOO_LARGE, + TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTINUATIONS | OVERLONG_2BYTE | SURROGATE | TOO_LARGE, + TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTINUATIONS | OVERLONG_2BYTE | SURROGATE | TOO_LARGE, + // 1100 -> 1111 = unexpected lead byte + TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT + }; + + return alignArrayToVector(byte2HighArray); + } + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorTest.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b129e86 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorTest.java @@ -0,0 +1,498 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import jdk.incubator.vector.ByteVector; +import jdk.incubator.vector.VectorSpecies; +import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; + +import java.io.IOException; +import java.util.Arrays; +import java.util.Objects; + +import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*; + +class Utf8ValidatorTest { + private static final VectorSpecies VECTOR_SPECIES = StructuralIndexer.SPECIES; + + + /* ASCII / 1 BYTE TESTS */ + + @Test + void validate_allEightBitValues_invalidAscii() { + byte[] invalidAscii = new byte[128]; + + int index = 0; + for (int eightBitVal = 255; eightBitVal >= 128; eightBitVal--) { + invalidAscii[index++] = (byte) eightBitVal; + } + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + for (int i = 0; i < 128; i += VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()) { + byte[] vectorChunk = Arrays.copyOfRange(invalidAscii, i, i + VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); + + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(vectorChunk, vectorChunk.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + } + + + /* CONTINUATION BYTE TESTS */ + + // continuation byte is never valid without a preceding leader byte + @Test + void validate_continuationByteOutOfOrder_invalid() { + byte minContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_000000; + byte maxContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_111111; + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[64]; + int index = 0; + + byte continuationByte = minContinuationByte; + while (continuationByte <= maxContinuationByte) { + inputBytes[index++] = continuationByte; + continuationByte++; + } + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + for (int i = 0; i < inputBytes.length; i += VECTOR_SPECIES.length()) { + byte[] vectorChunk = Arrays.copyOfRange(inputBytes, i, i + VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); + + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(vectorChunk, vectorChunk.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + } + + @Test + void validate_extraContinuationByte_2Byte_invalid() { + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[3]; + inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b110_00010; + inputBytes[1] = (byte) 0b10_000000; + inputBytes[2] = (byte) 0b10_000000; // two byte lead should only have one continuation byte + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + + @Test + void validate_continuationOneByteTooShort_2Byte_invalid() { + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[1]; + inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b110_00010; + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + + @Test + void validate_extraContinuationByte_3Byte_invalid() { + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[4]; + inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b1110_0000; + inputBytes[1] = (byte) 0b10_100000; + inputBytes[2] = (byte) 0b10_000000; + inputBytes[3] = (byte) 0b10_000000; // three byte lead should only have two continuation bytes + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + + @Test + void validate_continuationOneByteTooShort_3Byte_invalid() { + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[2]; + inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b1110_0000; + inputBytes[1] = (byte) 0b10_100000; + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + + @Test + void validate_continuationTwoBytesTooShort_3Byte_invalid() { + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[1]; + inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b1110_0000; + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + + @Test + void validate_extraContinuationByte_4Byte_invalid() { + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[5]; + inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b11110_000; + inputBytes[1] = (byte) 0b10_010000; + inputBytes[2] = (byte) 0b10_000000; + inputBytes[3] = (byte) 0b10_000000; + inputBytes[4] = (byte) 0b10_000000; // four byte lead should only have three continuation bytes + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + + @Test + void validate_continuationOneByteTooShort_4Byte_invalid() { + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[3]; + inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b11110_000; + inputBytes[1] = (byte) 0b10_010000; + inputBytes[2] = (byte) 0b10_000000; + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + + @Test + void validate_continuationTwoBytesTooShort_4Byte_invalid() { + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[2]; + inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b11110_000; + inputBytes[1] = (byte) 0b10_010000; + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + + @Test + void validate_continuationThreeBytesTooShort_4Byte_invalid() { + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[1]; + inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b11110_000; + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + + + /* 2 BYTE / LATIN TESTS */ + + @Test + void validate_overlong_2byte_invalid() { + byte minLeaderByte = (byte) 0b110_00000; + byte maxLeaderByte = (byte) 0b110_00001; + byte minContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_000000; + byte maxContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_111111; + + /* 7 bit code points in 2 byte utf8 is invalid + 2 to the power of 7 = 128 code points * 2 bytes = 256 bytes */ + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[256]; + int index = 0; + + byte leaderByte = minLeaderByte; + byte continuationByte = minContinuationByte; + while (leaderByte <= maxLeaderByte) { + inputBytes[index++] = leaderByte; + inputBytes[index++] = continuationByte; + if (continuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { + leaderByte++; + continuationByte = minContinuationByte; + } else { + continuationByte++; + } + } + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + for (int i = 0; i < inputBytes.length; i += VECTOR_SPECIES.length()) { + byte[] vectorChunk = Arrays.copyOfRange(inputBytes, i, i + VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); + + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(vectorChunk, vectorChunk.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + } + + + /* 3 BYTE / Asiatic TESTS */ + + /* first valid three byte character: 1110_0000 10_100000 10_000000 + anything smaller is invalid as it would fit into 11 bits (two byte utf8) */ + @Test + void validate_overlong_3Byte_allInvalid() { + byte minLeaderByte = (byte) 0b1110_0000; + byte firstValidContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_100000; + byte minContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_000000; + byte maxContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_111111; + + // 2 to the power of 11 = 2048 code points * 3 bytes = 6144 + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[6144]; + int index = 0; + + byte firstContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; + byte secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; + while (firstContinuationByte < firstValidContinuationByte) { + inputBytes[index++] = minLeaderByte; + inputBytes[index++] = firstContinuationByte; + inputBytes[index++] = secondContinuationByte; + + if (secondContinuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { + secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; + firstContinuationByte++; + } else { + secondContinuationByte++; + } + } + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + for (int i = 0; i < inputBytes.length; i += VECTOR_SPECIES.length()) { + byte[] vectorChunk = Arrays.copyOfRange(inputBytes, i, i + VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); + + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(vectorChunk, vectorChunk.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + } + + /* code points in the range of U+D800 - U+DFFF (inclusive) are the surrogates for UTF-16. + These 2048 code points that are reserved for UTF-16 are disallowed in UTF-8 + 1101 1000 0000 0000 -> 1101 1111 1111 1111 */ + @Test + void validate_surrogateCodePoints_invalid() { + final byte leaderByte = (byte) 0b1101_1110; + final byte minContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_000000; + final byte maxContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_111111; + final byte minFirstContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_100000; + + byte firstContinuationByte = minFirstContinuationByte; + byte secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; + + // 2048 invalid code points * 3 bytes = 6144 bytes + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[6144]; + int index = 0; + + while (firstContinuationByte <= maxContinuationByte) { + inputBytes[index++] = leaderByte; + inputBytes[index++] = firstContinuationByte; + inputBytes[index++] = secondContinuationByte; + + if (secondContinuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { + firstContinuationByte++; + secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; + } else { + secondContinuationByte++; + } + } + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + for (int i = 0; i < inputBytes.length; i += VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()) { + byte[] vectorChunk = Arrays.copyOfRange(inputBytes, i, i + VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); + + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(vectorChunk, vectorChunk.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + } + + + /* 4 BYTE / Supplementary TESTS */ + + /* Overlong Test, the decoded character must be above U+FFFF / 11110_000 10_001111 10_111111 10_111111 */ + @Test + void validate_overlong_4Byte_allInvalid() { + byte leaderByte = (byte) 0b11110_000; + byte minContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_000000; + byte maxContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_111111; + byte maxFirstContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_001111; + + // 2 to the power of 16 = 65536 valid code points * 4 bytes = 262144 bytes + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[262144]; + int index = 0; + + byte firstContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; + byte secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; + byte thirdContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; + while (firstContinuationByte <= maxFirstContinuationByte) { + inputBytes[index++] = leaderByte; + inputBytes[index++] = firstContinuationByte; + inputBytes[index++] = secondContinuationByte; + inputBytes[index++] = thirdContinuationByte; + + if (thirdContinuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { + if (secondContinuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { + firstContinuationByte++; + secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; + } else { + secondContinuationByte++; + } + thirdContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; + } else { + thirdContinuationByte++; + } + } + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + for (int i = 0; i < inputBytes.length; i += VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()) { + byte[] vectorChunk = Arrays.copyOfRange(inputBytes, i, i + VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); + + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(vectorChunk, vectorChunk.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + } + + /* last valid four byte character: 11110_100 10_001111 10_111111 10_111111 + Any code point greater than U+10FFFF will result in a TOO_LARGE error */ + @Test + void validate_tooLarge_4Byte_allInvalid() { + byte minLeaderByte = (byte) 0b11110_100; + byte maxLeaderByte = (byte) 0b11111_111; + byte minContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_000000; + byte maxContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_111111; + byte minFirstContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_010000; + + + byte leaderByte = minLeaderByte; + byte firstContinuationByte = minFirstContinuationByte; + byte secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; + byte thirdContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; + + int codePoints = 0x3FFFFF - 0x110000 + 1; + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[codePoints * 4]; + int index = 0; + + while (leaderByte <= maxLeaderByte) { + inputBytes[index++] = leaderByte; + inputBytes[index++] = firstContinuationByte; + inputBytes[index++] = secondContinuationByte; + inputBytes[index++] = thirdContinuationByte; + + if (thirdContinuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { + if (secondContinuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { + if (firstContinuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { + leaderByte++; + firstContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; + } else { + firstContinuationByte++; + } + secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; + } else { + secondContinuationByte++; + } + thirdContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; + } else { + thirdContinuationByte++; + } + } + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + for (int i = 0; i < inputBytes.length; i += VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()) { + byte[] vectorChunk = Arrays.copyOfRange(inputBytes, i, i + VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); + + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(vectorChunk, vectorChunk.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + } + + /* check that the data stream does not terminate with an incomplete code point + We just have to check that the last byte in the last vector is strictly smaller than 0xC0 (using an unsigned comparison) + that the second last byte is strictly smaller than 0xE0 + the third last byte is strictly smaller than 0xF0 */ + @Test + void validate_continuationOneByteTooShort_2Byte_eof_invalid() { + int vectorBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[vectorBytes]; + inputBytes[vectorBytes - 1] = (byte) 0b110_00010; + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + + @Test + void validate_continuationOneByteTooShort_3Byte_eof_invalid() { + int vectorBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[vectorBytes]; + inputBytes[vectorBytes - 2] = (byte) 0b1110_0000; + inputBytes[vectorBytes - 1] = (byte) 0b10_100000; + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + + @Test + void validate_continuationTwoBytesTooShort_3Byte_eof_invalid() { + int vectorBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[vectorBytes]; + inputBytes[vectorBytes - 1] = (byte) 0b1110_0000; + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + + @Test + void validate_continuationOneByteTooShort_4Byte_eof_invalid() { + int vectorBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[vectorBytes]; + inputBytes[vectorBytes - 3] = (byte) 0b11110_000; + inputBytes[vectorBytes - 2] = (byte) 0b10_010000; + inputBytes[vectorBytes - 1] = (byte) 0b10_000000; + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + + @Test + void validate_continuationTwoBytesTooShort_4Byte_eof_invalid() { + int vectorBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[vectorBytes]; + inputBytes[vectorBytes - 2] = (byte) 0b11110_000; + inputBytes[vectorBytes - 1] = (byte) 0b10_010000; + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + + @Test + void validate_continuationThreeBytesTooShort_4Byte_eof_invalid() { + int vectorBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); + byte[] inputBytes = new byte[vectorBytes]; + inputBytes[vectorBytes - 1] = (byte) 0b11110_000; + + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } + + + /* file tests */ + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"/twitter.json", "/nhkworld.json"}) + void validate_utf8InputFiles_valid(String inputFilePath) throws IOException { + byte[] inputBytes = TestUtils.loadTestFile(inputFilePath); + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatCode(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)).doesNotThrowAnyException(); + } + + @Test + void validate_utf8InputFile_invalid() throws IOException { + byte[] inputBytes = TestUtils.loadTestFile("/malformed.txt"); + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) + .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) + .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/test/resources/malformed.txt b/src/test/resources/malformed.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a5b5d50e6b61eb9a3b751b3954f83e61bb59db9b GIT binary patch literal 22781 zcmdU1X_Fh*b>CYjiIrHEbIyIeVd1bb#8j*y4MbNJE8ngr{T%> zH=?M0*NGF|Zns=*maBHFY*)*j-4j3B+Sy$_dEy6TNmiFvPA)BPEUj+fmviUj>}zDb zylhzyHeB;;sk==Fw0Y8Snr+$lJK|ijTdwCUO2hB+4}n}98At=QQVnO2tbk<@(9!SA*KTMb-()7zJ}9Yk)m)3ovMPE_?< z4&m`=AYfdi2gL9x(zW;T2&>e#!>~kZOLg0AmhhcCgBHcvb3FXf@9Z>qKS;P_9xq{M zX9r^v+X4}FC$KAEXd?8A)3Eozr9kXRLJ%VDrme$0ABAGOEs(JYzJ!rugIk~^6$2>n zcEzq>1dFOMR23y23`tPI^(hkaJx~+w1GHs>5#U|33BkDdJ8tNBov>p!@zi!F0^_$X zwVlAF6hNWW!L)ctp%pbicFV`;>TVE5OOcBa*d6d8P>GKyMu;y#v2jP!v2ly zk#^vNEf_7C=(s`3piW3-P;OK9WvZqTur#5BA;#K-8dm*1m=Jj3)$CxO%20DT9xyLe zwsDmL*Fxz!%_e`wy4l5ZQiI8()+YdS1n&OdNLR+dk#pITbEYjt^fc~L?miBLAnr&X@2<+Unk z1xxnas$;=~9Ct4@5j@+*5Y%*_V9+xuWkXKLj~OeW4FN%?jpW=YyARqX)rK9|RoI{z z6*L^m6}lKPRobrk?FftsJC)FhN~FyyrMJYKuwgkgxUNh6oN`}GFDwzt;8txQTCib0 zpaX3vNd^8-vO$_rm*s*-zPDPw2N~g;P^31r#;!I1WQ{2rZPN#c8k3rQ#uD?@lrel9 zc&guQIdCZHh-Bg7@$K#H&0~wwZMb+&)Ax7DrV9Ahba&}X@N9^jV}PH6M+Px?o*Hkbs)2c49sb4l;8pIYPlARu zoGPT(Z8+q>K>~n^Evy`)jv=&wc~r>Af(RF7VRiKHP%*^JY6M2Y=RqsH9fW|J=p5L9 znCI@cwPR{0b+~K4%VEB*<45q|vDS%Qr|sIF1&&Z+V?K-_EmasQ z8kByYLD(%L0K%By=V1!rzE^DozUTgkfsVl1(8MKiTZq~&WQ?&SPutJLna1mUxDM_8 zP)ZNpy(L@sZI)m$I*2Ai09`mdo-eM(DM*@X6gpHP8)DPgmBh+wV22I*AB0J!9+fy; 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See a kitty making rounds at an orange farm before finding some beautiful autumn foliage with the help of a kitty-guide.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6045034/","category":[20,15],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["animals","ehime"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"littlecharo","pgm_id":"6116","pgm_no":"010","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6116010/images/xiLeTKOlMJarg5oKpniMjICFpI6rWFJ6OgFzHPmX.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6116010/images/pHOhzpxjhTwNZlSO8DciBDhJsqeWE0XtDWGCJB77.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6116010/images/9Rf5M7EHqC6oBnG3xDBox7mzgG9hDtP6b9wM3kWg.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6116_010_20230611114000_01_1686451971","onair":1433645400000,"vod_to":1718117940000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Little Charo_Season 1-10;en,001;6116-010-2015;","title":"Little Charo","title_clean":"Little Charo","sub_title":"Season 1-10","sub_title_clean":"Season 1-10","description":"Little Charo is an animation series about a Japanese dog who got lost in NY. \"I want to see my owner again!\" Charo starts his adventure back home.","description_clean":"Little Charo is an animation series about a Japanese dog who got lost in NY. \"I want to see my owner again!\" Charo starts his adventure back home.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6116010/","category":[30],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hometown","pgm_id":"5003","pgm_no":"228","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003228/images/hXbAwuLRfal2R45broWlo0atwDjTTiUryIJk6inv.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003228/images/vxk8bmRS3eS56yWNRopg5gmVW9Bwh8yM9j7Qfx9e.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003228/images/RZfiis3GIzIr8CsxoVVodhS5TScD2L6Gpir1O8B3.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5003_228_20230611101000_01_1686447645","onair":1686445800000,"vod_to":1749653940000,"movie_lengh":"25:00","movie_duration":1500,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Hometown Stories_Our New Classmate from Ukraine;en,001;5003-228-2023;","title":"Hometown Stories","title_clean":"Hometown Stories","sub_title":"Our New Classmate from Ukraine","sub_title_clean":"Our New Classmate from Ukraine","description":"Mariia, 12, fled the devastation of the war in Ukraine and now lives in Aichi Prefecture, central Japan, with her mother and younger brother. She used to be positive and popular, but now in Japan she struggles to deal with the language barrier and to settle into her class. Mariia's classmates are doing their best to support her. Mikoto and Hanna especially want to become her friends. The three girls are finally able to overcome their language differences and build a deep relationship.","description_clean":"Mariia, 12, fled the devastation of the war in Ukraine and now lives in Aichi Prefecture, central Japan, with her mother and younger brother. She used to be positive and popular, but now in Japan she struggles to deal with the language barrier and to settle into her class. Mariia's classmates are doing their best to support her. Mikoto and Hanna especially want to become her friends. 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In this episode, we unfurl the secrets of mawashi belts, which are the only item a rikishi wears in the ring. How are they cleaned? How much do they cost? We interview rikishi about the thought and care that goes into their belts and break down the intricacies of belt-fighting technique. Join us as we come to grips with mawashi!","description_clean":"DOSUKOI Sumo Salon casts light on the world of Japan's national sport through in-depth analysis and unique stats. In this episode, we unfurl the secrets of mawashi belts, which are the only item a rikishi wears in the ring. How are they cleaned? How much do they cost? We interview rikishi about the thought and care that goes into their belts and break down the intricacies of belt-fighting technique. Join us as we come to grips with mawashi!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001380/","category":[20,25],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["sumo"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bizstream","pgm_id":"2074","pgm_no":"166","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074166/images/JuOJHBjs6Rpin8ihOkiHz1CtEvZk4R2jkabWSCxo.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074166/images/hUC9sWOWYPZEHIoQvlGOhOkn6iS0xqRQRYgkNJVe.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074166/images/Hps9wJ9PG20vzfGJ9irVwGAhc5kSZ4YOW5tOJKCL.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2074_166_20230610231000_01_1686408277","onair":1686406200000,"vod_to":1718031540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BIZ STREAM_Marine Resource Revival;en,001;2074-166-2023;","title":"BIZ STREAM","title_clean":"BIZ STREAM","sub_title":"Marine Resource Revival","sub_title_clean":"Marine Resource Revival","description":"From adding nutrients to sea water to improve shellfish farming, to implementing modern technology to preserve coral reefs, this report features companies that are working to protect valuable marine resources.

[In Focus: Foreign Investors Fuel Southeast Asia Property Boom]
Wealthy overseas buyers are driving a property boom in Southeast Asia. And it's sending rent and housing prices soaring for locals in the region. We look at what's driving this up-and-coming market.

[Global Trends: Japanese Sake Gets a British Spin]
Japanese sake is going global. Breweries are popping up outside of Japan as the drink gets international appeal. One company is combining old brewing methods with new flavors to gain fans.","description_clean":"From adding nutrients to sea water to improve shellfish farming, to implementing modern technology to preserve coral reefs, this report features companies that are working to protect valuable marine resources.[In Focus: Foreign Investors Fuel Southeast Asia Property Boom]Wealthy overseas buyers are driving a property boom in Southeast Asia. And it's sending rent and housing prices soaring for locals in the region. We look at what's driving this up-and-coming market.[Global Trends: Japanese Sake Gets a British Spin]Japanese sake is going global. Breweries are popping up outside of Japan as the drink gets international appeal. One company is combining old brewing methods with new flavors to gain fans.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074166/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"kitchenwindow","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"955","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004955/images/cwSN6lZebmGTb3kEm3OgGaBFMBDe35BDsD98bFaY.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004955/images/MenTgZO7Jm8YusiwPmQaayzkqCb4PQNULcFMdcqB.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004955/images/d8HUp7bDeT5RpHmUMW5UfFJw4cWn6VQFl02rJk3j.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_955_20230610144000_01_1686376749","onair":1686375600000,"vod_to":1749567540000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Through The Kitchen Window_Life on a Tea Farm;en,001;3004-955-2023;","title":"Through The Kitchen Window","title_clean":"Through The Kitchen Window","sub_title":"Life on a Tea Farm","sub_title_clean":"Life on a Tea Farm","description":"Much of Japan's renowned Uji tea is produced in Minamiyamashiro, the last remaining village in Kyoto Prefecture. 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Together with her daughter Chikayo, she finds time to make wonderful meals utilizing local produce.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004955/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"topinventions","pgm_id":"2091","pgm_no":"008","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2091008/images/mXT6cb3xEIuIExEKJooIplJwOg7HQWmiwK3ot1Ra.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2091008/images/S7kO0I0aT0lGkreCgL3tQPe3L9ydysgzD5hIdcTJ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2091008/images/JaMHR6I1AjqqNyOFQwmoVtvOHqYxPN9P4WQ3EZWh.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt"],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2091_008_20220129141000_01_1643435130","onair":1643433000000,"vod_to":1718031540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan's Top Inventions_Drawing Tablets / Cascades (Airplane Component);en,001;2091-008-2022;","title":"Japan's Top Inventions","title_clean":"Japan's Top Inventions","sub_title":"Drawing Tablets / Cascades (Airplane Component)","sub_title_clean":"Drawing Tablets / Cascades (Airplane Component)","description":"The fascinating stories and secrets behind hit Japanese products, plus parts and machines that boast the top share of niche markets. In the first half: the story behind the development of drawing tablets created in 1987 that are used for comics, animation and commercial design. In the second half: cascades, an important airplane component. We go behind the scenes with the Japanese company that controls over 90% of the global market share for these components.","description_clean":"The fascinating stories and secrets behind hit Japanese products, plus parts and machines that boast the top share of niche markets. In the first half: the story behind the development of drawing tablets created in 1987 that are used for comics, animation and commercial design. In the second half: cascades, an important airplane component. We go behind the scenes with the Japanese company that controls over 90% of the global market share for these components.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2091008/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":110,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"viewpoint","pgm_id":"4037","pgm_no":"010","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4037010/images/JT6EByXwb8aUXshh3aWe5q5FdhWq7PU3vrpw04eA.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4037010/images/8dkRu8Qe96QnKAQNSE2HXdcTIjnjutu3Ww6A33wU.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4037010/images/he5ew0nABDEToFmUq7NXXhcwjIcXmiAmT2gswX2t.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4037_010_20230610125000_01_1686369771","onair":1686369000000,"vod_to":1718031540000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Viewpoint Science_Line Them Up;en,001;4037-010-2023;","title":"Viewpoint Science","title_clean":"Viewpoint Science","sub_title":"Line Them Up","sub_title_clean":"Line Them Up","description":"When we line up some bicycles, we discovered a lot of interesting things. Why is the shaft of a handlebar angled?","description_clean":"When we line up some bicycles, we discovered a lot of interesting things. Why is the shaft of a handlebar angled?","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4037010/","category":[23,30],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"cycle","pgm_id":"2066","pgm_no":"057","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2066057/images/ZDzyEh6jZQDq6yyQJ4IhRk1tLo4bcttcARhSaDJl.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2066057/images/XDtu3mqNpEmAPeLAHzhgtCh2JrxXvwH32LIjgoFw.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2066057/images/Dl9Jn1YmsgnTNwyzSzERjSCV5Oesyg8cx0ehNr2L.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2066_057_20230610111000_01_1686366575","onair":1686363000000,"vod_to":1718031540000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;CYCLE AROUND JAPAN_Tochigi - The Cycle of Life;en,001;2066-057-2023;","title":"CYCLE AROUND JAPAN","title_clean":"CYCLE AROUND JAPAN","sub_title":"Tochigi - The Cycle of Life","sub_title_clean":"Tochigi - The Cycle of Life","description":"Tochigi is a lush green inland prefecture on the Kanto Plain, north of Tokyo. It's the height of spring, fields glistening with snow melt from the mountains and nature returning to life as we ride through the Nasu Highlands under hundreds of streaming carp banners, catch spawning river fish fat with eggs, learn the secrets of clay making from a Mashiko potter, and join a local festival, helping carry a hand-crafted dragon through town to ward off misfortune. Our final encounter is with a young couple committed to farming in tune with the natural cycle, even making their own soil from gathered leaves.","description_clean":"Tochigi is a lush green inland prefecture on the Kanto Plain, north of Tokyo. It's the height of spring, fields glistening with snow melt from the mountains and nature returning to life as we ride through the Nasu Highlands under hundreds of streaming carp banners, catch spawning river fish fat with eggs, learn the secrets of clay making from a Mashiko potter, and join a local festival, helping carry a hand-crafted dragon through town to ward off misfortune. Our final encounter is with a young couple committed to farming in tune with the natural cycle, even making their own soil from gathered leaves.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2066057/","category":[18],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["tochigi"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"closeup","pgm_id":"4002","pgm_no":"892","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4002892/images/92a3aCeNfoUZYgIHLyprPHaja7nHBiMMNwQJCwRv.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4002892/images/DVFMaSeEf7QSUj9lTwmRsIXzjIUo0SAzg4gyFJju.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4002892/images/OMGnSvgKzNmAfoM1CBmfJp6qOUigImyLpMARyZU7.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4002_892_20230609233000_01_1686322976","onair":1686321000000,"vod_to":1687532340000,"movie_lengh":"26:45","movie_duration":1605,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Today's Close-Up_Japan's Architectural Legacy at Crossroads;en,001;4002-892-2023;","title":"Today's Close-Up","title_clean":"Today's Close-Up","sub_title":"Japan's Architectural Legacy at Crossroads","sub_title_clean":"Japan's Architectural Legacy at Crossroads","description":"Buildings of high cultural and historical value are being demolished across Japan. The high cost of inheritance tax, as well as issues such as maintenance and seismic reinforcement, is making it difficult to preserve such precious properties. Actor Kyoka Suzuki recently bought Villa Coucou, a 66-year-old detached house designed by a renowned architect. What was her motivation? We also look at some regional efforts to save historical buildings from being scrapped and, together with our guest, think about how architectural legacies can best be handed over to the future.

Guest:
Goto Osamu (Board Chair, Kogakuin University)","description_clean":"Buildings of high cultural and historical value are being demolished across Japan. The high cost of inheritance tax, as well as issues such as maintenance and seismic reinforcement, is making it difficult to preserve such precious properties. Actor Kyoka Suzuki recently bought Villa Coucou, a 66-year-old detached house designed by a renowned architect. What was her motivation? We also look at some regional efforts to save historical buildings from being scrapped and, together with our guest, think about how architectural legacies can best be handed over to the future.Guest: Goto Osamu (Board Chair, Kogakuin University)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4002892/","category":[12],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bento","pgm_id":"2077","pgm_no":"074","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077074/images/6mwGGnKFfvSp39MCSl64jC9RG3yraIUxLIMRhPBI.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077074/images/nBQvyllNjDInE7aORXuawaNVnuKrOREYyBX5LHLV.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077074/images/R1f5NwueywMkC9EZ8EaPa9HhNxOT0RckVWnoJZMM.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2077_074_20230609103000_01_1686275334","onair":1686274200000,"vod_to":1717945140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BENTO EXPO_Season 8-4 Tamagoyaki Bento;en,001;2077-074-2023;","title":"BENTO EXPO","title_clean":"BENTO EXPO","sub_title":"Season 8-4 Tamagoyaki Bento","sub_title_clean":"Season 8-4 Tamagoyaki Bento","description":"Today: a beginner-friendly tamagoyaki bento. Marc shares tips and guidance on how to make tamagoyaki, or rolled omelets. From Yanagawa in Fukuoka Prefecture, a bento featuring freshwater eel.","description_clean":"Today: a beginner-friendly tamagoyaki bento. Marc shares tips and guidance on how to make tamagoyaki, or rolled omelets. From Yanagawa in Fukuoka Prefecture, a bento featuring freshwater eel.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077074/","category":[20,17],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"asiainsight","pgm_id":"2022","pgm_no":"388","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022388/images/vQUhbYwKF29HqHzN9f9ujQR1iE1mcBX2lQJKZA47.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022388/images/UxosjeuKkSGFEnuTYGeIoMC1SX8XNT1tEjRDgu2g.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022388/images/s14qZaDB1XpN0yY79QRW7A6r7FbsJCNVp3W4GhMJ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2022_388_20230609093000_01_1686272681","onair":1686270600000,"vod_to":1717945140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Asia Insight_Shaping Sustainable Cashmere: Mongolia;en,001;2022-388-2023;","title":"Asia Insight","title_clean":"Asia Insight","sub_title":"Shaping Sustainable Cashmere: Mongolia","sub_title_clean":"Shaping Sustainable Cashmere: Mongolia","description":"Mongolia's nomads are raising an increasing number of cashmere goats. The goats' soft undercoats provide the raw wool for luxury cashmere fabric, and is an important cash income. But this rise has also triggered serious environmental problems. Because goats pull grass out by the roots when grazing, nearly 80% of Mongolia's land is threatened by desertification. We follow the NPOs, companies and nomads working to restore the plains, and realize a higher standard of living.","description_clean":"Mongolia's nomads are raising an increasing number of cashmere goats. The goats' soft undercoats provide the raw wool for luxury cashmere fabric, and is an important cash income. But this rise has also triggered serious environmental problems. Because goats pull grass out by the roots when grazing, nearly 80% of Mongolia's land is threatened by desertification. We follow the NPOs, companies and nomads working to restore the plains, and realize a higher standard of living.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022388/","category":[12,15],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanrailway","pgm_id":"2049","pgm_no":"128","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049128/images/r8yUTpNseBkUgBK4feEB90iEMELe3nItk73wL5EX.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049128/images/bwqxyIfCPQouJRJbJDbWIONMpRMUly9XvI3vznXE.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049128/images/0fbTN7tOUwjL8iuGF2aVrT1yGYeGLOv4H5pBjOuK.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2049_128_20230608233000_01_1686236725","onair":1686234600000,"vod_to":1780930740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan Railway Journal_Yuri Kogen Railway: Getting People Back on Track;en,001;2049-128-2023;","title":"Japan Railway Journal","title_clean":"Japan Railway Journal","sub_title":"Yuri Kogen Railway: Getting People Back on Track","sub_title_clean":"Yuri Kogen Railway: Getting People Back on Track","description":"Yuri Kogen Railway, a third-sector railway in Akita Prefecture, averaged just 508 passengers per day in 2022 (a result of the declining population along the line). 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Ueno, in Tokyo, is visited by 25 million tourists each year. It is home to world-class museums and educational facilities, bustling street markets, important shrines and temples, a zoo, and much more. There are surely few places in the world where so many different cultural elements are woven into the same urban district. An expert introduces Peter Barakan to some of the many faces of Ueno, and helps to explain its enduring popularity with visitors and local residents alike.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on June 8, 2023.Ueno, in Tokyo, is visited by 25 million tourists each year. It is home to world-class museums and educational facilities, bustling street markets, important shrines and temples, a zoo, and much more. There are surely few places in the world where so many different cultural elements are woven into the same urban district. 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[In Focus: US-Led Economic Framework Inches Ahead]
The US is leading a new economic partnership in the Indo-Pacific as it seeks an edge over China. But many developing nations in the region already see China as a major trading partner. We look at how the US-led framework may impact the global economy.

[Global Trends: Indonesia's Soccer Fans Turn Eyes to Japan]
Countries across Southeast Asia are falling in love with soccer. In Indonesia, fans and players alike admire Japan's pro league ... and collaborations between the countries are ensuring the future of soccer in Asia.","description_clean":"Established in 2022, the Tokyo Women's Orchestra was created to empower female musicians that have faced social hurdles that prevented them from pursuing a career in music.[In Focus: US-Led Economic Framework Inches Ahead]The US is leading a new economic partnership in the Indo-Pacific as it seeks an edge over China. But many developing nations in the region already see China as a major trading partner. We look at how the US-led framework may impact the global economy.[Global Trends: Indonesia's Soccer Fans Turn Eyes to Japan]Countries across Southeast Asia are falling in love with soccer. 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In Japan, there is a high risk of a mega-quake hitting directly beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area in the near future. If this occurs, up to 8 million people are expected to be stranded in the city, creating a high possibility of human stampedes. What can we do to prevent casualties? 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Visit a closed railway that is popular with rail fans, then roll through vast marshlands, a rarity in Japan, and observe the spring wildlife frolicking outside your window as you steam toward your final stop in Nemuro.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068033/","category":[18],"mostwatch_ranking":52,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"mystreetpiano","pgm_id":"6303","pgm_no":"006","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6303006/images/UGSungirtAIlwyOEiXQbMZTsHMg6ofx9Aajs5gOK.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6303006/images/Eo2qFHSCFqeHziKDePi4xvJScD9yuRj4SjTBryk4.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6303006/images/iUeHP0VyMg0ule7qu5X1ZyLQIwPJR8lGex7hschQ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6303_006_20230603104000_01_1685757881","onair":1685756400000,"vod_to":1717426740000,"movie_lengh":"20:00","movie_duration":1200,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;My Street Piano_Karuizawa;en,001;6303-006-2023;","title":"My Street Piano","title_clean":"My Street Piano","sub_title":"Karuizawa","sub_title_clean":"Karuizawa","description":"Karuizawa is a popular resort town that attracts visitors from all over the world. 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","sub_title_clean":"","description":"The Kyoto-based American artist Sarah Brayer has pursued her passion for traditional washi paper since the 1980s. To learn time-honored techniques from artisans she has made countless trips to Echizen, one of the oldest homes of washi. Her style of blending the traditional with her original vision has won her international acclaim. Recently, she received a rare chance to dedicate a fusuma-e, sliding partition paintings, to a Zen temple in Kyoto. Her 8-panel piece will be installed in the temple's meditation space. We follow Brayer's painstaking process to create a piece that will be treasured at the temple possibly for hundreds of years.","description_clean":"The Kyoto-based American artist Sarah Brayer has pursued her passion for traditional washi paper since the 1980s. To learn time-honored techniques from artisans she has made countless trips to Echizen, one of the oldest homes of washi. 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Meanwhile, an extreme interpretation of Islam's teachings is closing doors on female education and threatening women's place in society. One member of Afghanistan's women's soccer team is seeking a way to leave the country in order to continue playing. Western nations have frozen Afghan assets, driving the country's economy to the brink, while the pandemic and droughts spark fears of a devastating famine. 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Eventually she moved there and set up a branch of the Japan Karate Association, making her a rare instance of a woman from another country teaching karate in Japan. She also works in tourism promotion and helps her husband with his scallop farming. 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Based on interviews with Zelenskyy's closest aides, official government releases and global media reports, we reconstruct the timeline of the critical first 72 hours of the invasion, uncovering fresh revelations about the events that set in motion a new era of global polarization and instability.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001427/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":100,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"4001-428"}],"tags":["ukraine","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bizstream","pgm_id":"2074","pgm_no":"164","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074164/images/0QBHFYoUw7nR8R8K1iYD00ByjgJfOgC6t0WMGmdF.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074164/images/pKERCT7oGMlPbSdFuSpQHOo3V42Wa1497j1sbZA3.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074164/images/DpqLvVxCYrV7tVkW1MHWH2lHdDHJRg7MVYXZc6yg.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2074_164_20230520231000_01_1684593865","onair":1684591800000,"vod_to":1716217140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BIZ STREAM_Seeking Equality for Sexual Minorities;en,001;2074-164-2023;","title":"BIZ STREAM","title_clean":"BIZ STREAM","sub_title":"Seeking Equality for Sexual Minorities","sub_title_clean":"Seeking Equality for Sexual Minorities","description":"Whether it's discrimination during the hiring process or issues that arise after hiring, sexual minorities in Japan face a range of challenges when it comes to finding stable employment. This report features companies that are striving to even the playing field by offering people the chance to succeed regardless of their sexual orientation.

[In Focus: Japan's Economy on Brink of Slipping from Third Largest]
Japan once enjoyed a booming economy that was second only to the US. But it lost the number two spot to China over a decade ago, and now its economy is at risk of falling behind another country.

[Global Trends: Age-Old Custom Gets an Upgrade]
People in Japan have long given small change to shrines and temples as a custom to bring good fortune. But what happens to these casual offerings as digital money replaces cash? We take a look.","description_clean":"Whether it's discrimination during the hiring process or issues that arise after hiring, sexual minorities in Japan face a range of challenges when it comes to finding stable employment. This report features companies that are striving to even the playing field by offering people the chance to succeed regardless of their sexual orientation.[In Focus: Japan's Economy on Brink of Slipping from Third Largest]Japan once enjoyed a booming economy that was second only to the US. But it lost the number two spot to China over a decade ago, and now its economy is at risk of falling behind another country.[Global Trends: Age-Old Custom Gets an Upgrade]People in Japan have long given small change to shrines and temples as a custom to bring good fortune. But what happens to these casual offerings as digital money replaces cash? We take a look.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074164/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":283,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bosaiscience","pgm_id":"2090","pgm_no":"025","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090025/images/ZXabRdsb1FYYgx9hXogY2YQEcezmpLvKmcnBo6oz.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090025/images/PfkC0VwEYHvgRN24iZeb6nqiW4DvOSZFNtnQyTvA.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090025/images/LzUgB46Ng76tCkqSRgNUIrzmQtBxCwMpep5CsbPg.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2090_025_20230520144000_01_1684562320","onair":1684561200000,"vod_to":1716217140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life_#29 River Flooding;en,001;2090-025-2023;","title":"BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life","title_clean":"BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life","sub_title":"#29 River Flooding","sub_title_clean":"#29 River Flooding","description":"River flooding happens when heavy rain causes river levels to rise and overflow with large amounts of water. 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Knowing the risks in the areas we call home and swiftly fleeing to a safe evacuation site in times of emergency are what is most needed to save lives. 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The company is now planning to hold discussions with local governments along the lines to determine the best way forward. The section with the lowest income/expense ratio is the Geibi Line at 0.4%, followed by the Kisuki Line at 1.5% (both located in Hiroshima Prefecture). 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Visit four mountains nearby using popular trekking paths.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5002033/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":928,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["hiroshima"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"design_stories","pgm_id":"2101","pgm_no":"003","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2101003/images/ohWuR63M3CTwOzcsCnVTUABjE506SYBxItvkg71A.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2101003/images/aJu1Ck6KzAmz0rOBQfzqyvtd15BRQXefgcV3Cmv0.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2101003/images/YRLXZm2sr7jYz8JXggW8Q4cjLc99rgwnV7d623i0.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2101_003_20230518103000_01_1684375494","onair":1684373400000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;DESIGN X STORIES_Design Hunting in Fukui Part 1;en,001;2101-003-2023;","title":"DESIGN X STORIES","title_clean":"DESIGN X STORIES","sub_title":"Design Hunting in Fukui Part 1","sub_title_clean":"Design Hunting in Fukui Part 1","description":"Fukui Prefecture lies on the coast of the Sea of Japan, in the central area of Japan's main island. 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(Reporter: GOW)","description_clean":"Yomogi speckles the fields and roadside greenery of the spring season. Used in various dishes, from savory to sweet, the plant is also used to produce a substance called moxa for healing methods that date back over 1,000 years. The \"queen of the herbs\" is even mentioned in classical poetry. With health benefits thought to promote longevity, it's played a key role in Okinawan tradition. Dig in to discover more about this overlooked weed! 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","sub_title_clean":"","description":"The prestigious entertainment quarter of Gion in Kyoto Prefecture is one of the largest in Japan. As an area priding itself on traditional hospitality, Gion was hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Several geiko and maiko lost their places of work, and without any opportunity to pass down traditional ways to the new generation, the art itself seemed in danger. The revival of the Miyako Odori, a large-scale dance performance to be performed for the first time in three years, is their only hope. We join some young maiko who fell in love with this wondrous district and life in Gion as they attempt to overcome adversity. We bring you rare footage from inside the okiya where they live and train; a side of life normally unseen by outsiders. Young maiko work hard to realize their dreams in the sometimes strict, sometimes kind world of Gion.","description_clean":"The prestigious entertainment quarter of Gion in Kyoto Prefecture is one of the largest in Japan. As an area priding itself on traditional hospitality, Gion was hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Several geiko and maiko lost their places of work, and without any opportunity to pass down traditional ways to the new generation, the art itself seemed in danger. The revival of the Miyako Odori, a large-scale dance performance to be performed for the first time in three years, is their only hope. We join some young maiko who fell in love with this wondrous district and life in Gion as they attempt to overcome adversity. We bring you rare footage from inside the okiya where they live and train; a side of life normally unseen by outsiders. Young maiko work hard to realize their dreams in the sometimes strict, sometimes kind world of Gion.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001383/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":167,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6024-006"}],"tags":["transcript","maiko","tradition","kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hello_nwj","pgm_id":"2104","pgm_no":"003","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2104003/images/6I1S2tC8O1GjfoK1q6H5tJ4Qn7TY5UqRjHTjeIsk.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2104003/images/Wb2B9BW62QBk3BsrJ1zuWprhWmMBOdyhBlNpzqdh.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2104003/images/EL8yvkjVs7i3VQ3loKXG79Bz1y2zW7hyhxx6nEiW.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2104_003_20230508105500_01_1683624003","onair":1683510900000,"vod_to":1715785140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;HELLO! 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[In Focus: Major Investor Keen on Japan]
Legendary investor Warren Buffett is turning his interests to Japan. Analysts say tensions between global superpowers could boost Japan's economic position. We see what prompted Buffett to bet big on Japan.

[Global Trends: AI Transforming Japan's Business World]
ChatGPT is transforming the business world. In Japan, it is helping job seekers ... and allowing companies to supplement the knowledge of trained experts. We take a look at the latest developments in this quickly evolving field.

*Subtitles and transcripts are available for video segments when viewed on our website.","description_clean":"As Japan's super-aging society continues to grow, various initiatives have emerged to help seniors who want to work find employment. This episode features a unique platform designed to help elderly people find nearby employment and a support service for families that allows older women to put their domestic skills to use.[In Focus: Major Investor Keen on Japan]Legendary investor Warren Buffett is turning his interests to Japan. Analysts say tensions between global superpowers could boost Japan's economic position. We see what prompted Buffett to bet big on Japan.[Global Trends: AI Transforming Japan's Business World]ChatGPT is transforming the business world. In Japan, it is helping job seekers ... and allowing companies to supplement the knowledge of trained experts. 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According to the latest research, the damage caused by storm surges is expected to become more severe, while the frequency of \"once-in-50-year\" storm surges may increase. 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In the second half, electron microscopes, an essential tool in the development of new medicines to treat COVID-19, and a visit to the Tokyo electronics manufacturer that has over 60% of the global market share for these devices.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2091005/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":554,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"viewpoint","pgm_id":"4037","pgm_no":"006","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4037006/images/eutt7sTa8vthp4c5rmpOvkk9KLBQ02ckSvWKt3X3.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4037006/images/Y8DkWU7DX0dyUXDuzh9EbZPED9qi5lh1rqMTpssq.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4037006/images/duqwou51dqHRmQSM547xoXYCtMJbba1gd04TxpLX.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4037_006_20230513125000_01_1683950596","onair":1683949800000,"vod_to":1715612340000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Viewpoint Science_Look Underneath;en,001;4037-006-2023;","title":"Viewpoint Science","title_clean":"Viewpoint Science","sub_title":"Look Underneath","sub_title_clean":"Look Underneath","description":"If we look at various creatures from underneath, maybe we'll find something fascinating. 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","sub_title_clean":"","description":"Keiko Ogura, age 85, has spent her life talking to the world about her experiences as an A-bomb victim in Hiroshima. Feeling helpless in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, she decides to participate in a symposium in a small college town in Idaho, U.S.A., where many people accept the existence of nuclear weapons. Determined to hear their side of the story, she engages in dialogue and discovers circumstances she had never understood before. When it's her turn to give a presentation, how does she convey her own beliefs?","description_clean":"Keiko Ogura, age 85, has spent her life talking to the world about her experiences as an A-bomb victim in Hiroshima. Feeling helpless in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, she decides to participate in a symposium in a small college town in Idaho, U.S.A., where many people accept the existence of nuclear weapons. 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Konnyaku is an important element of Japanese cuisine. It has long been known as a high-fiber, diet-friendly food, and in recent years it's been shown to offer benefits for health conditions including dementia and diabetes. Outside Japan, its popularity is on the rise, and it has started to appear in dishes like pasta. Konnyaku is a chewy, jelly-like food made from the extremely bitter corm of the konjac plant. How is it processed? And what other uses does it have? Peter Barakan visits Japan's top producing area to learn all about this surprising food.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on May 11, 2023.Konnyaku is an important element of Japanese cuisine. It has long been known as a high-fiber, diet-friendly food, and in recent years it's been shown to offer benefits for health conditions including dementia and diabetes. Outside Japan, its popularity is on the rise, and it has started to appear in dishes like pasta. 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Actor Kataoka Ainosuke explores the roles' appeal.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2035057/","category":[19,20],"mostwatch_ranking":672,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"sharing","pgm_id":"2098","pgm_no":"016","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2098016/images/z1mTcGCSoLOKwoEjNLbQ3fy6s9bhpB1isTWhvZYz.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2098016/images/nW0wBCWmNCPD8Xv7Yb6NGOXwbwEY21ORbbNlnTQ1.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2098016/images/fPhelN6eJaagh7Iii9jHN4ksffvzmigmHQInoaLS.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2098_016_20230510113000_01_1683687881","onair":1683685800000,"vod_to":1715353140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Sharing the Future_Matchmaking Social Entrepreneurs: Cambodia;en,001;2098-016-2023;","title":"Sharing the Future","title_clean":"Sharing the Future","sub_title":"Matchmaking Social Entrepreneurs: Cambodia","sub_title_clean":"Matchmaking Social Entrepreneurs: Cambodia","description":"As it undergoes rapid economic growth, Cambodia is facing issues such as rising inequality and child labor. 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[J-Innovators]
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Actor Kataoka Ainosuke explores what makes this figure so popular.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2035056/","category":[19,20],"mostwatch_ranking":928,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"magicaljapanese","pgm_id":"2092","pgm_no":"027","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092027/images/CLOkEg16sBebKlMMuQK1fCTHvaKDQsO2bRAiIR1P.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092027/images/ohwaNMfduqneNphJQzTuH0A8ItjKX4RWgJf56qnq.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092027/images/ibgNDXDboyD0aquhVlvXBwKGY6LwFTNsoHT5dnII.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt","vi","zh"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2092_027_20230503104500_01_1683079155","onair":1683078300000,"vod_to":1777820340000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Magical Japanese_Blue;en,001;2092-027-2023;","title":"Magical Japanese","title_clean":"Magical Japanese","sub_title":"Blue","sub_title_clean":"Blue","description":"The Japanese language is rich in words and expressions influenced by nature, history and culture. 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From his home in Kyoto Prefecture, poet and literary translator Peter MacMillan guides us through these words and the culture behind them.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092027/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":435,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"diveintokyo","pgm_id":"2102","pgm_no":"002","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2102002/images/lzyOceFrnzFTvtilrmtI11GZKHsmvHoVHq63kG3L.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2102002/images/UzK3FEsn9bAa0Dt4jIdlvVeaVjv89tUtCRihAQen.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2102002/images/rznTADkkYjNcH3tXi5bNysCh4hechrJX0kaVfe62.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["th","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2102_002_20230503093000_01_1683076135","onair":1683073800000,"vod_to":1714748340000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dive in Tokyo_Shimbashi - A Junction of Old & New;en,001;2102-002-2023;","title":"Dive in Tokyo","title_clean":"Dive in Tokyo","sub_title":"Shimbashi - A Junction of Old & New","sub_title_clean":"Shimbashi - A Junction of Old & New","description":"This time we visit Shimbashi, a modern business district in the heart of Tokyo. 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The plant's antibacterial properties are well known, but research has now revealed that a substance called \"tryptanthrin\" is the reason. Tryptanthrin may also inhibit the growth of viruses as well. Moreover, a strawberry farm in Aomori Prefecture discovered that strawberries grew bigger when strawberry plants were given a liquid extracted from indigo. Analysis showed that indigo extract helped plant roots grow faster than usual, and researchers suspect it may even increase the yield of other agricultural products too. In this episode, we will examine how indigo today is being used for more than just a pretty dye!

Guest:
Professor Kenro Sasaki of Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University","description_clean":"Japanese indigo is famous for producing a traditional dye known as \"Japan blue.\" Now, more and more hidden powers of the indigo plant are being discovered for applications in medicine and agriculture. The plant's antibacterial properties are well known, but research has now revealed that a substance called \"tryptanthrin\" is the reason. Tryptanthrin may also inhibit the growth of viruses as well. Moreover, a strawberry farm in Aomori Prefecture discovered that strawberries grew bigger when strawberry plants were given a liquid extracted from indigo. Analysis showed that indigo extract helped plant roots grow faster than usual, and researchers suspect it may even increase the yield of other agricultural products too. In this episode, we will examine how indigo today is being used for more than just a pretty dye!Guest:Professor Kenro Sasaki of Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015255/","category":[14,23],"mostwatch_ranking":883,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[{"title":"","start_time":22,"image_path":null}],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"treasure_hiroshima","pgm_id":"5002","pgm_no":"027","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5002027/images/W37iQN5zrwaq25yf0M6xla2ntt0JoPVQOrUt8GN8.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5002027/images/5MVzdMpFhWH9hISCKhGS7rQhrdt6zVKXf9ekl04b.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5002027/images/uTFGis5nrAHAP6vRpsgTEj076wp7fu9MJQZvgLQO.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_5002_027_20230502172500_01_1683016346","onair":1683015900000,"vod_to":1714661940000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Treasure Box Japan: Hiroshima_A Taste of Home: Tsukemono;en,001;5002-027-2023;","title":"Treasure Box Japan: Hiroshima","title_clean":"Treasure Box Japan: Hiroshima","sub_title":"A Taste of Home: Tsukemono","sub_title_clean":"A Taste of Home: Tsukemono","description":"In Miyoshi, a city on the mountainous side of Hiroshima Prefecture, join our reporter as she goes door to door in search of homemade Japanese pickles—tsukemono! Make new friends and discoveries along the way.","description_clean":"In Miyoshi, a city on the mountainous side of Hiroshima Prefecture, join our reporter as she goes door to door in search of homemade Japanese pickles—tsukemono! Make new friends and discoveries along the way.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5002027/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["food","hiroshima"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"readingjapan","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"942","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004942/images/YXLiA8zMoSgL8uj1WcdAqluC0a8rDDBmbkNNeYbk.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004942/images/skJDFhXgf2mlngm4W7MvUcLW7GoTaPxwzcK3ASo0.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004942/images/zJlhpsrNVzgDJAoUlNJT5VNmTeRCVyUix63w3eQC.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_942_20230502161000_01_1683012657","onair":1683011400000,"vod_to":1714661940000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Reading Japan_\"The View from the North Exit of Tachikawa Station, 1999\" by Matayoshi Naoki;en,001;3004-942-2023;","title":"Reading Japan","title_clean":"Reading Japan","sub_title":"\"The View from the North Exit of Tachikawa Station, 1999\" by Matayoshi Naoki","sub_title_clean":"\"The View from the North Exit of Tachikawa Station, 1999\" by Matayoshi Naoki","description":"\"Tachikawa Station, Tokyo. It was the winter of 1999, and I arrived at the lonely station late at night. I was there to meet a friend who had moved to Tokyo from Osaka.\"
The author, who went to high school in Osaka Prefecture, had an unforgettably weird friendship with this friend. He recalls their sometimes funny, sometimes poignant youth in Osaka. The author decides to travel from Osaka to Tokyo to meet him. This essay comes from a collection of memories about various places in Tokyo.","description_clean":"\"Tachikawa Station, Tokyo. It was the winter of 1999, and I arrived at the lonely station late at night. I was there to meet a friend who had moved to Tokyo from Osaka.\" The author, who went to high school in Osaka Prefecture, had an unforgettably weird friendship with this friend. He recalls their sometimes funny, sometimes poignant youth in Osaka. The author decides to travel from Osaka to Tokyo to meet him. This essay comes from a collection of memories about various places in Tokyo.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004942/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":1166,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"deeperlook","pgm_id":"2100","pgm_no":"003","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2100003/images/DNKzXc4uVvw6TkyKUJ96fRC0j1cuFYcYnvtsqMLE.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2100003/images/useNfWWiPBgBxTRQ4hIzVhXgZdoYI57EbWXaQ9l2.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2100003/images/Y729krnlhPgOQdcijOMcvWFkCregEVp6TzYw6mkN.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"02_nw_vod_v_en_2100_003_20230502133000_01_1683003049","onair":1683001800000,"vod_to":1714661940000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;DEEPER LOOK_Creating a Basis for Nuclear Disarmament: Rose Gottemoeller / Former Deputy Secretary General, NATO;en,001;2100-003-2023;","title":"DEEPER LOOK","title_clean":"DEEPER LOOK","sub_title":"Creating a Basis for Nuclear Disarmament: Rose Gottemoeller / Former Deputy Secretary General, NATO","sub_title_clean":"Creating a Basis for Nuclear Disarmament: Rose Gottemoeller / Former Deputy Secretary General, NATO","description":"At this year's G7 Hiroshima Summit, one topic leaders will discuss is nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation. 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Former Deputy Secretary General of NATO, Rose Gottemoeller offers her insights.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2100003/","category":[12,13],"mostwatch_ranking":622,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["ukraine","peace_justice_and_strong_institutions","sdgs","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"72hours","pgm_id":"4026","pgm_no":"194","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4026194/images/krcMsmH3gU3ohB3cwofk1d7OwVptalfTGoC1IP0e.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4026194/images/dLFBcgLnLdnQDFDrdlSKiuv7f7VP3mMc3Ug2j8TY.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4026194/images/IfdiOrQ6Clmwj2SIxeonJtpQRWmFQ3899mrQSFwX.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4026_194_20230502113000_02_1683004957","onair":1682994600000,"vod_to":1690988340000,"movie_lengh":"29:45","movie_duration":1785,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Document 72 Hours_A Quiet Pier in Minamiboso;en,001;4026-194-2023;","title":"Document 72 Hours","title_clean":"Document 72 Hours","sub_title":"A Quiet Pier in Minamiboso","sub_title_clean":"A Quiet Pier in Minamiboso","description":"A simple pier, almost at water level, extends 160 meters out into Tokyo Bay from a beach in Minamiboso, Chiba Prefecture. In the early 1900s the pier was used for landing fish, but that stopped decades ago when a new fishing port was built. Now it's a hidden gem for tourists. We encounter a local man walking his dog, a farewell party for a colleague and a couple who fell in love with the area and moved there. The pier attracts all sorts of people, and means something different to each of them.","description_clean":"A simple pier, almost at water level, extends 160 meters out into Tokyo Bay from a beach in Minamiboso, Chiba Prefecture. In the early 1900s the pier was used for landing fish, but that stopped decades ago when a new fishing port was built. Now it's a hidden gem for tourists. We encounter a local man walking his dog, a farewell party for a colleague and a couple who fell in love with the area and moved there. The pier attracts all sorts of people, and means something different to each of them.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4026194/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":124,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["ocean","chiba"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"journeys","pgm_id":"2007","pgm_no":"498","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2007498/images/mFBx4HeGN08jwlx04IvhCjk9oUcpPs2XDatDWTrB.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2007498/images/xJwd3kWXMrzHT6F4rklwkcaKKvOE1wfCiGNppxSY.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2007498/images/8pCtffYXFiSmaazFeY1RKLsdYlOrCyeGhHxa3frg.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2007_498_20230502093000_01_1682989722","onair":1682987400000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Journeys in Japan_Onomichi: Vistas, Cats and Steep Hillsides;en,001;2007-498-2023;","title":"Journeys in Japan","title_clean":"Journeys in Japan","sub_title":"Onomichi: Vistas, Cats and Steep Hillsides","sub_title_clean":"Onomichi: Vistas, Cats and Steep Hillsides","description":"Onomichi lies on the coast of Hiroshima Prefecture, overlooking the tranquil Seto Inland Sea. 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Drawn by Onomichi's mild climate and old-fashioned atmosphere, a growing number of younger people are moving there from other parts of Japan. The town also attracts many visitors, both from Japan and around the world. On this episode of Journeys in Japan, US actor Bruce Taylor explores the town's labyrinthine narrow streets, discovering an area that is known for its friendly cats and meeting local people who are helping to revitalize the area.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2007498/","category":[18],"mostwatch_ranking":121,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2007-499"}],"tags":["hiroshima"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"treasure_hiroshima","pgm_id":"5002","pgm_no":"026","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5002026/images/qwqmFEhPXhS0s3s9IcvBViNmtBx1sKpENe3QBG9w.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5002026/images/nbXDepXoiaq5H9JFEidJrCaOAopxAGi1mOaE3P2n.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5002026/images/vNkBMU4A7RaD4AiDjyetD6UPuLKiuDjHIHx151rv.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5002_026_20230501172500_01_1682929722","onair":1682929500000,"vod_to":1714575540000,"movie_lengh":"2:00","movie_duration":120,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Treasure Box Japan: Hiroshima_Veil of the Sea;en,001;5002-026-2023;","title":"Treasure Box Japan: Hiroshima","title_clean":"Treasure Box Japan: Hiroshima","sub_title":"Veil of the Sea","sub_title_clean":"Veil of the Sea","description":"On cold winter mornings, Mt. Ryuo in Mihara, Hiroshima Prefecture offers mystical views of the inland sea. Sea fog forms as cooler air flows over the warm water's surface during the early hours of the day.","description_clean":"On cold winter mornings, Mt. Ryuo in Mihara, Hiroshima Prefecture offers mystical views of the inland sea. Sea fog forms as cooler air flows over the warm water's surface during the early hours of the day.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5002026/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["ocean","winter","amazing_scenery","hiroshima"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"spiritualexplorers","pgm_id":"2088","pgm_no":"016","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2088016/images/YonqQLt7TwJytmviNvCeL0i0ExKDBTPSEcAieeJw.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2088016/images/NH60KJZiKDhXeoWSOusfwkYziisC1BzJkaxRGrqI.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2088016/images/Wzt9y9RUu1nL3iklFOFflbS0fbMeQaaN3PjPRZUt.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2088_016_20220925101000_01_1664160701","onair":1664068200000,"vod_to":1714575540000,"movie_lengh":"25:00","movie_duration":1500,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Spiritual Explorers_Shojin Ryori: The Philosophy of Eating;en,001;2088-016-2022;","title":"Spiritual Explorers","title_clean":"Spiritual Explorers","sub_title":"Shojin Ryori: The Philosophy of Eating","sub_title_clean":"Shojin Ryori: The Philosophy of Eating","description":"Shojin ryori is an 800-year-old style of cuisine and Buddhist Zen practice that uses no animal products. 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Moderator
Kohno Kenji
NHK Chief Commentator

Panelists
Mireya Solís
Director, Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Brookings Institution

Ke Long
Senior Fellow, Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research

Lee Howell
Founding Executive Director, Villars Institute

Munakata Naoko
Professor, Graduate School of Public Policy, The University of Tokyo","description_clean":"The nature of globalization, which has brought affluence to the world for the past 30 years, is now changing. We discuss with experts what the global economy will be like under the new circumstances. 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From Singapore, a bento featuring Indian paratha.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077071/","category":[20,17],"mostwatch_ranking":318,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2105","pgm_no":"012","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2105012/images/lHyDysl9FOsXwvsGlHPvXMAzdZMA0BCZda6H9GnE.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2105012/images/8AuzYSJIb98ne3ahRFCcndtoK3QRsyTI793FAXMm.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2105012/images/uzVJCyEMiTFxWPbWFIXekQZFoLiCqnMznlFPUTdR.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2105_012_20230428101500_01_1682645765","onair":1682644500000,"vod_to":1777388340000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_Returning the Benin Bronzes: Nick Merriman / Chief Executive of the Horniman Museum;en,001;2105-012-2023;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"Returning the Benin Bronzes: Nick Merriman / Chief Executive of the Horniman Museum","sub_title_clean":"Returning the Benin Bronzes: Nick Merriman / Chief Executive of the Horniman Museum","description":"Britain is re-evaluating its past and that battle is playing out in museums across the country. 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Nick Merriman explains why the Horniman Museum is returning its entire collection of Benin bronzes to Nigeria.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2105012/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":989,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologyplus","pgm_id":"2032","pgm_no":"286","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032286/images/s4UYGLLX3EL02Snru1OVFTLRQqXXoTnIELotjF1q.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032286/images/mQJVX7yGn9eqSqUDm7VEjo4EgBp5sDkhjGZsN4L6.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032286/images/vM4XLVcdxE6rzYlgr107dPy2JrmBPhmMXCkzzq54.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt","vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2032_286_20230427113000_01_1682564888","onair":1682562600000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus_Male Aesthetics;en,001;2032-286-2023;","title":"Japanology Plus","title_clean":"Japanology Plus","sub_title":"Male Aesthetics","sub_title_clean":"Male Aesthetics","description":"*First broadcast on April 27, 2023.
In Japan, economic conditions may be challenging, but male cosmetics are selling increasingly well. Social media and the normalization of remote working have contributed to a growing concern among men about their appearance. The increasing popularity of hair removal treatment is evidence of that trend. But looking back at Japanese history, we see that for over a thousand years, it was normal for men to wear makeup. We look at the evolution of male aesthetics in Japan.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on April 27, 2023.In Japan, economic conditions may be challenging, but male cosmetics are selling increasingly well. Social media and the normalization of remote working have contributed to a growing concern among men about their appearance. The increasing popularity of hair removal treatment is evidence of that trend. But looking back at Japanese history, we see that for over a thousand years, it was normal for men to wear makeup. 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Kabuki actor Kataoka Ainosuke talks about sumo in the Edo period and the story of \"Futatsu Chocho Kuruwa Nikki.\"","description_clean":"Today's play features 2 sumo wrestlers as protagonists! Kabuki actor Kataoka Ainosuke talks about sumo in the Edo period and the story of \"Futatsu Chocho Kuruwa Nikki.\"","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2035055/","category":[19,20],"mostwatch_ranking":1234,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"magicaljapanese","pgm_id":"2092","pgm_no":"026","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092026/images/2MuEMsxmPaINkVzpWiYexhbkYVz2GVdNhmdHNgCM.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092026/images/bAjPDjdmz6xqRXk6jZvpAIk3Mdf3Gq2O2Ssg78j4.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092026/images/upgWMauc9PiVGP446tbT4GxEfmakAb6YxsUQwvJt.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt","vi","zh","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2092_026_20230426104500_01_1682474307","onair":1682473500000,"vod_to":1777215540000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Magical Japanese_Wagashi;en,001;2092-026-2023;","title":"Magical Japanese","title_clean":"Magical Japanese","sub_title":"Wagashi","sub_title_clean":"Wagashi","description":"The Japanese language is rich in words and expressions influenced by nature, history and culture. This episode introduces words related to wagashi, or Japanese sweets. Traditionally made to accompany the tea ceremony, they reflect the seasons and have led to many unique Japanese expressions. From his home in Kyoto Prefecture, poet and literary translator Peter MacMillan guides us through these words and the culture behind them.","description_clean":"The Japanese language is rich in words and expressions influenced by nature, history and culture. This episode introduces words related to wagashi, or Japanese sweets. Traditionally made to accompany the tea ceremony, they reflect the seasons and have led to many unique Japanese expressions. From his home in Kyoto Prefecture, poet and literary translator Peter MacMillan guides us through these words and the culture behind them.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092026/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":283,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2007-491"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6024-007"}],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"scienceview","pgm_id":"2015","pgm_no":"298","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015298/images/4EeJT9db2F8gU5Sazwl6j2POR3dz1UusceQHSWHH.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015298/images/YMigdJ5p1Gucbq2y2EHXnoNHCxR6GiEHvnoiCWOT.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015298/images/4qXCThFaAa6SdlAtLyckaHdP7iTXjCIAYa0C4rO3.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2015_298_20230425233000_01_1682435125","onair":1682433000000,"vod_to":1714057140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Science View_The Science of Emotion: The Mind's Connection to the Body;en,001;2015-298-2023;","title":"Science View","title_clean":"Science View","sub_title":"The Science of Emotion: The Mind's Connection to the Body","sub_title_clean":"The Science of Emotion: The Mind's Connection to the Body","description":"Anger, sadness, joy... How do these various human emotions arise? The latest brain research has revealed a surprisingly close relationship between emotions and our bodies. When the body's condition changes, such as when the heart beats faster or blood pressure rises, this information is sent to the \"insular cortex\" in the brain. We now know that the changes in the body sensed by the insular cortex are recognized as emotions born within us. Moreover, the ability to recognize these changes in the body varies from person to person, and this affects the amount of \"empathy\" one has for other people's emotions. Research has also shown that people who have difficulty in recognizing their own emotions are insensitive to changes in their bodies, which can aggravate chronic pain. We will examine these complex mechanisms of the mind and the true nature of \"emotion.\" Then, in our J-Innovators corner, we will meet a Takumi whose company has created a modular wheelchair that can be highly customized to suit different physiques and disabilities.

[J-Innovators]
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We will examine these complex mechanisms of the mind and the true nature of \"emotion.\" Then, in our J-Innovators corner, we will meet a Takumi whose company has created a modular wheelchair that can be highly customized to suit different physiques and disabilities.[J-Innovators]Highly Customizable, Modular Wheelchairs","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015298/","category":[14,23],"mostwatch_ranking":641,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[{"title":"","start_time":21,"image_path":null}],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"deeperlook","pgm_id":"2100","pgm_no":"002","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2100002/images/OyjTnmn0bdK69xSZxUfAwxS63ZCrcGJaOR5kgH5d.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2100002/images/CKkPnlgCVbyT0LeqSfNoDs69pH2i5udQbl9Dlxt1.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2100002/images/Fpr6Dfxxas3TkAWRaB8ExXP5iin6FU83znXmnWTZ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2100_002_20230425133000_01_1682398178","onair":1682397000000,"vod_to":1714057140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;DEEPER LOOK_Strategies to Ease US-China Tensions over Taiwan: Ryan Hass / Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution;en,001;2100-002-2023;","title":"DEEPER LOOK","title_clean":"DEEPER LOOK","sub_title":"Strategies to Ease US-China Tensions over Taiwan: Ryan Hass / Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution","sub_title_clean":"Strategies to Ease US-China Tensions over Taiwan: Ryan Hass / Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution","description":"US-China tensions are rising in the lead-up to Taiwan's January 2024 presidential election. 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Ryan Hass, former National Security Council director for China, Taiwan and Mongolia, joins the conversation.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2100002/","category":[12,13],"mostwatch_ranking":1046,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"72hours","pgm_id":"4026","pgm_no":"161","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4026161/images/9K75Y198DRamnfURnJ0fh5xnJPzoMO2crTGBYwyE.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4026161/images/tex2zA1FiBTxY1k0tfR5dASlLgRnROmDmMk9obe1.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4026161/images/LCgldz0kRWbJ0PmQzRvgJ7yYQyARMmci7pRuSvBp.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4026_161_20210914113000_01_1631588846","onair":1631586600000,"vod_to":1690297140000,"movie_lengh":"29:45","movie_duration":1785,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Document 72 Hours_Quiet Prayers at a Secluded Shrine;en,001;4026-161-2021;","title":"Document 72 Hours","title_clean":"Document 72 Hours","sub_title":"Quiet Prayers at a Secluded Shrine","sub_title_clean":"Quiet Prayers at a Secluded Shrine","description":"Near the towering apartment buildings in Tokyo's Tsukuda area is a blink-and-you'll-miss-it alley. 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Some now question whether the Council can fulfill its role as \"the world's peacekeeper.\" We look at the history of the UN and attempts by Japan to make the Security Council more effective.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001426/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":464,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bizstream","pgm_id":"2074","pgm_no":"162","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074162/images/PHKB4iR1GqV6HCutPH8d1f4iU8yg3xn2yu2md1Hu.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074162/images/0mv80qLBl9ZOaHw3oV9gYO26wNZJHjSfqzRFJcFL.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074162/images/qdqSzhzVkAdQmPzrUN0HPX7DoNyJ7edQN95e79mr.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2074_162_20230422231000_01_1682174716","onair":1682172600000,"vod_to":1713797940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BIZ STREAM_Driving Sales Through Mobile Retail;en,001;2074-162-2023;","title":"BIZ STREAM","title_clean":"BIZ STREAM","sub_title":"Driving Sales Through Mobile Retail","sub_title_clean":"Driving Sales Through Mobile Retail","description":"While the pandemic provided a boost in the shift from in-person purchasing to online shopping, a new type of sales method is catching on in Japan - mobile sales. This episode features companies that are going the extra mile by taking their products directly to where their customers are located with specially modified trucks.

[In Focus: China's Economy Makes a Tentative Comeback]
China's economy got off to a solid start in 2023 ... with first-quarter GDP numbers showing strength that surprised some. But concerns remain about a high unemployment rate and sluggish export growth.

[Global Trends: Bringing British Education to Japan]
The British are coming! UK schools are opening branches and affiliates in Japan as the country makes efforts to export its educational brand. But are parents willing to pay the high tuitions?

*Subtitles and transcripts are available for video segments when viewed on our website.","description_clean":"While the pandemic provided a boost in the shift from in-person purchasing to online shopping, a new type of sales method is catching on in Japan - mobile sales. This episode features companies that are going the extra mile by taking their products directly to where their customers are located with specially modified trucks.[In Focus: China's Economy Makes a Tentative Comeback]China's economy got off to a solid start in 2023 ... with first-quarter GDP numbers showing strength that surprised some. But concerns remain about a high unemployment rate and sluggish export growth.[Global Trends: Bringing British Education to Japan]The British are coming! UK schools are opening branches and affiliates in Japan as the country makes efforts to export its educational brand. But are parents willing to pay the high tuitions? *Subtitles and transcripts are available for video segments when viewed on our website.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074162/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":374,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bosaiscience","pgm_id":"2090","pgm_no":"016","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090016/images/U3ZBxeBP5PZvgCnKoyzFb8CEANIUk1n1XVYTOnjC.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090016/images/NoQBGoknN3k4T5Mf3zghk4NVRgDIoiRzpzmrzaUg.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090016/images/w4yf6Dp8UHy0NPyLhiDhxknQw9hf9Fgyygu0Hj7O.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2090_016_20220813144000_01_1660370284","onair":1660369200000,"vod_to":1713797940000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life_#20 Linear Rainbands;en,001;2090-016-2022;","title":"BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life","title_clean":"BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life","sub_title":"#20 Linear Rainbands","sub_title_clean":"#20 Linear Rainbands","description":"Linear rainbands. 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While various studies led by the Japan Meteorological Agency are underway, it is still difficult to make accurate forecasts of linear rainbands at this point. When and where do linear rainbands occur? The mechanisms are still not understood. 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A perfect match with tangy tartar sauce! Maki pan-fries bento-friendly cabbage rolls stuffed with sliced meat and cheese. From Taipei, a gua bao bento.","description_clean":"Marc makes Ebi Fry, panko-breaded fried shrimp. A perfect match with tangy tartar sauce! Maki pan-fries bento-friendly cabbage rolls stuffed with sliced meat and cheese. From Taipei, a gua bao bento.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077046/","category":[20,17],"mostwatch_ranking":1103,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-047"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-048"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-031"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-032"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-033"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-034"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-035"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-036"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-037"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-038"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-039"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-040"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-041"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-042"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-043"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-044"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-045"}],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"asiainsight","pgm_id":"2022","pgm_no":"385","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022385/images/yKI05AwCMJextb40FxgPYCeYNNzhKslLa4CRBvW2.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022385/images/EmJ4eQ04XC3DTXkPnG0BEgpz52j8RQgwszg6zl8K.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022385/images/ig3C0WuCywn47OaYJ4ZEppsLh2M5cZx3eTvkWZ0b.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2022_385_20230421093000_01_1682039124","onair":1682037000000,"vod_to":1713711540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Asia Insight_Pioneer of Food Waste Reduction: Taichung, Taiwan;en,001;2022-385-2023;","title":"Asia Insight","title_clean":"Asia Insight","sub_title":"Pioneer of Food Waste Reduction: Taichung, Taiwan","sub_title_clean":"Pioneer of Food Waste Reduction: Taichung, Taiwan","description":"One-third of all food produced worldwide is wasted. Determined to do better, Taichung City in Taiwan enacted an ordinance on food banks in 2016. Under this framework, municipal food banks collect food nearing expiration and donate it to those in need; refrigerators in public markets allow unused food to make it into the hands of social welfare organizations; and a facility producing bio-powered electricity for 800 households has also been built. At the same time, the private sector is expanding its activities to eliminate waste. We look at the Taichung City-led effort to reduce food waste.","description_clean":"One-third of all food produced worldwide is wasted. Determined to do better, Taichung City in Taiwan enacted an ordinance on food banks in 2016. Under this framework, municipal food banks collect food nearing expiration and donate it to those in need; refrigerators in public markets allow unused food to make it into the hands of social welfare organizations; and a facility producing bio-powered electricity for 800 households has also been built. At the same time, the private sector is expanding its activities to eliminate waste. We look at the Taichung City-led effort to reduce food waste.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022385/","category":[12,15],"mostwatch_ranking":212,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["responsible_consumption_and_production","zero_hunger","no_poverty","sdgs","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"design_stories","pgm_id":"2101","pgm_no":"002","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2101002/images/0lbanYPuyeAIj1gPqyxs5KsCFDO228TRNxfuOuxP.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2101002/images/pAZoCGE5OFHuc7BQJI2R8SqTHfVN7A1xAGDci92j.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2101002/images/x1Mp6ukqYIdsDYqkJGleVH8p2GdH385H6BLp0MI8.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2101_002_20230420103000_01_1681956371","onair":1681954200000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;DESIGN X STORIES_Greener Living;en,001;2101-002-2023;","title":"DESIGN X STORIES","title_clean":"DESIGN X STORIES","sub_title":"Greener Living","sub_title_clean":"Greener Living","description":"Our relationship with nature has been changed by our experiences during the pandemic. Many feel a strong desire to bring the natural world into their everyday lives. Interest has risen in designs that are more than shallow ornamentation, offering coexistence with nature, and conservation of our environment. Such designs shape our living spaces and architecture. Our presenters visit gardener and green director Saito Taichi on his plant farm where they experience his designs that bring people and nature closer together, and explore their potential!","description_clean":"Our relationship with nature has been changed by our experiences during the pandemic. Many feel a strong desire to bring the natural world into their everyday lives. Interest has risen in designs that are more than shallow ornamentation, offering coexistence with nature, and conservation of our environment. Such designs shape our living spaces and architecture. 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We follow his efforts to promote these lifesaving techniques to rescue services across Japan.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2103003/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1103,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"diveintokyo","pgm_id":"2102","pgm_no":"001","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2102001/images/Na3rqIL2RdeSoUUWI3RIpiaG2CUgzArRaBtViwFy.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2102001/images/9GPRuIaMmMMrtJIuv3jAJfjXwzAV4VTeqeS4QL7a.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2102001/images/u1w2ZtepPvpwr65jHeNNhDMyFTULqF8gwFyVsZny.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["th","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2102_001_20230419093000_01_1681866330","onair":1681864200000,"vod_to":1713538740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dive in Tokyo_Oji - Charmed by Foxes and Cherry Blossoms;en,001;2102-001-2023;","title":"Dive in Tokyo","title_clean":"Dive in Tokyo","sub_title":"Oji - Charmed by Foxes and Cherry Blossoms","sub_title_clean":"Oji - Charmed by Foxes and Cherry Blossoms","description":"This time we visit Oji in the north of Tokyo to take in the cherry blossoms at Asukayama Park, a famous flower-viewing spot. We learn how the shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune had over 1,200 cherry trees planted there to create a place of leisure for the townspeople. We also learn about a paper mill founded by famed industrialist Shibusawa Eiichi, and a fox-themed event to welcome the New Year that's become popular among international visitors. Join us as we dive into this magical neighborhood.","description_clean":"This time we visit Oji in the north of Tokyo to take in the cherry blossoms at Asukayama Park, a famous flower-viewing spot. We learn how the shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune had over 1,200 cherry trees planted there to create a place of leisure for the townspeople. We also learn about a paper mill founded by famed industrialist Shibusawa Eiichi, and a fox-themed event to welcome the New Year that's become popular among international visitors. Join us as we dive into this magical neighborhood.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2102001/","category":[20,15],"mostwatch_ranking":583,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript","cherry_blossoms","tokyo"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"scienceview","pgm_id":"2015","pgm_no":"297","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015297/images/E7YW3kMAXSKxDk5YtDCGWwKOhRlySzBSzrGXGiWY.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015297/images/CSg4YuKPZthH3pj03BbpYIKSdPlX4CK3j03yYujQ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015297/images/14vkSBbxDGPtyv1bRrs003SqKGU0TIb08JlQDcFS.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2015_297_20230418233000_01_1681830327","onair":1681828200000,"vod_to":1713452340000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Science View_How New Microscopy is Showing the Future of Science;en,001;2015-297-2023;","title":"Science View","title_clean":"Science View","sub_title":"How New Microscopy is Showing the Future of Science","sub_title_clean":"How New Microscopy is Showing the Future of Science","description":"A new kind of microscopy that surprised the world was pioneered in Japan. Known as high-speed atomic force microscopy or \"high-speed AFM,\" it succeeded in capturing the movement of living samples on a nanoscale level. For example, it helped researchers visually confirm the movement of specific proteins and genome editing, both of which had only been visualized before with computer graphics. High-speed AFM is now being used in research on viruses such as influenza, and is expected to lead to the development of new vaccines. In this episode, we will learn how high-speed AFM was developed, as well as the latest research being conducted with it. Then in our J-Innovators corner, we will meet a Takumi who developed a biomaterial technology that enables concrete to fix its own cracks.

[J-Innovators]
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The recipes are available at https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/dining/20230418/2019348/.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019348/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":411,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"cyclehighlights","pgm_id":"2070","pgm_no":"034","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2070034/images/wn0ouBfmaBeaRsa5e0MzvJnmFchSr7pFrIzyGSrb.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2070034/images/EvxPTaymF4D1KebPZpiFT7PbQNCPfMCV4CkNp3lt.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2070034/images/2jA7Z52tSkRel4GZbqsrlOAcMD3cS6JIMaQlGfE8.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2070_034_20210426133000_01_1619413453","onair":1619411400000,"vod_to":1713365940000,"movie_lengh":"27:00","movie_duration":1620,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;CYCLE AROUND JAPAN Highlights_Ibaraki - Where Family Matters;en,001;2070-034-2021;","title":"CYCLE AROUND JAPAN Highlights","title_clean":"CYCLE AROUND JAPAN Highlights","sub_title":"Ibaraki - Where Family Matters","sub_title_clean":"Ibaraki - Where Family Matters","description":"This 400km winter cycle trip takes us through Ibaraki Prefecture. 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Ibaraki families know the value of working together.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2070034/","category":[18],"mostwatch_ranking":537,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["ibaraki"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hello_nwj","pgm_id":"2104","pgm_no":"001","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2104001/images/2IApzuNYAllRYViBj65YR1fFZQm7uR9Kbd81k3Fg.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2104001/images/tZ88lWPijrWD5UFbHhaI2vVMbytfu4reP61PVXBk.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2104001/images/XfUiMMcOjakyT6ILIq1RORFGkw78fIpvBjU2QUSk.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2104_001_20230410105500_01_1681092125","onair":1681091700000,"vod_to":1713365940000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;HELLO! NHK WORLD-JAPAN_Learn Japanese;en,001;2104-001-2023;","title":"HELLO! 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He currently works for a pharmaceutical company, primarily from the comfort of his own home, where he also prepares his own lunches. He started cooking in middle school but was constantly faced with numerous challenges, such as burns and other mishaps. Nevertheless, he's developed a unique cooking style by relying on his sense of touch, keeping his ingredients and utensils within easy reach, and measuring seasonings with his hands. Today, Mr. Torii's cooking serves as a refresher during his work breaks.","description_clean":"Mr. Torii lost his eyesight at the age of two, but he didn't let that hold him back. He currently works for a pharmaceutical company, primarily from the comfort of his own home, where he also prepares his own lunches. He started cooking in middle school but was constantly faced with numerous challenges, such as burns and other mishaps. Nevertheless, he's developed a unique cooking style by relying on his sense of touch, keeping his ingredients and utensils within easy reach, and measuring seasonings with his hands. Today, Mr. Torii's cooking serves as a refresher during his work breaks.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4023200/","category":[20,17],"mostwatch_ranking":318,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologyplus","pgm_id":"2032","pgm_no":"285","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032285/images/D5aNVbckgaeQDMtWcKzZfYZ0jFrtMUewM5bTQjqy.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032285/images/JyOKP0P0ixHkhxwaP2t0BqAiKKmCUEk8kgbdwd0U.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032285/images/hlavt1iQBLV1MVdW6aSxsu1FqucP5sz7SPcURK97.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt","vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2032_285_20230413113000_01_1681355216","onair":1681353000000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus_Camping;en,001;2032-285-2023;","title":"Japanology Plus","title_clean":"Japanology Plus","sub_title":"Camping","sub_title_clean":"Camping","description":"*First broadcast on April 13, 2023.
In Japan, interest in camping is booming. Popular choices these days include women-only camping and solo camping. Some prefer glamping, where you don't have to set up your own tent. Camping has also been drawing attention as a good way to prepare for disaster. Peter Barakan visits a campsite with an outdoor expert to get the latest information, and to find out more about why so many people are going camping these days. We also see some Japanese preferences in equipment.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on April 13, 2023.In Japan, interest in camping is booming. Popular choices these days include women-only camping and solo camping. Some prefer glamping, where you don't have to set up your own tent. Camping has also been drawing attention as a good way to prepare for disaster. Peter Barakan visits a campsite with an outdoor expert to get the latest information, and to find out more about why so many people are going camping these days. 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The taste of this rich, aromatic seasoning varies depending on regional climates. In Kyoto, rice miso is the standard, while white miso, which evolved within dynastic culture 1,000 years ago, is still used in day-to-day cooking, New Year's dishes, and by local restaurants. Some breweries produce miso the old-fashioned, natural way. A local Italian restaurant even uses miso to season dishes. Discover the miso food culture cultivated in Kyoto.","description_clean":"Fermenting soybeans, Koji mold and salt produces miso. The taste of this rich, aromatic seasoning varies depending on regional climates. In Kyoto, rice miso is the standard, while white miso, which evolved within dynastic culture 1,000 years ago, is still used in day-to-day cooking, New Year's dishes, and by local restaurants. Some breweries produce miso the old-fashioned, natural way. A local Italian restaurant even uses miso to season dishes. 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[J-Innovators]
3D Mapping to \"See\" Underground Infrastructure","description_clean":"For the first time in nearly 120 years, \"hachiku\" bamboo is flowering all across Japan. The hachiku bamboo plant expands by sending out underground stems, which can grow at a rate of about 2 meters per year. The plant then essentially creates clones of itself by sending up shoots from these stems. Yet once every 120 years, the hachiku bloom, leave seeds and die off en masse. Why has this type of bamboo developed such an unusual flowering cycle? First, researchers ran simulations on the evolutionary process of bamboo based on observational data. Analysis of the results has yielded clues into bamboo's incredible survival strategy. We'll also look at rare footage of hachiku bamboo flowering, and see how a new material made from bamboo could change space development. 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Meet the young innovators tackling malaria.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2098014/","category":[20,15],"mostwatch_ranking":849,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"frontrunners","pgm_id":"2103","pgm_no":"002","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2103002/images/FvYhlTubSxJZdnQqc4yB2IcHSqyGiS5LGx5IfGJU.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2103002/images/ErQz3vYvHr7pDoU9QF6lX5tICuFrNUJ1qGnbcpoH.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2103002/images/x4VU0F5k0rxY9922hfnTHYskBEkAB3AH6s1tglgz.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["es","pt","vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2103_002_20230329113000_01_1680059171","onair":1680057000000,"vod_to":1743260340000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;FRONTRUNNERS_Kyoto Foraging Master - Nakahigashi Hisato;en,001;2103-002-2023;","title":"FRONTRUNNERS","title_clean":"FRONTRUNNERS","sub_title":"Kyoto Foraging Master - Nakahigashi Hisato","sub_title_clean":"Kyoto Foraging Master - Nakahigashi Hisato","description":"Near Kyoto, in the mountain village of Hanase, is a traditional inn with 130 years of upholding approaches to cuisine and hospitality attuned with the rich local nature and the passage of the four seasons. 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Keiji adores anything pink and cute. He's drawn to weddings and pop idols in the spotlight, and every day he draws an imaginary bride named Keiko. This program introduces artists from across Japan for whom expression is not a choice, but a compulsion. Not influenced by existing art or trends, nor by education, these artists and their works are gaining worldwide recognition. Devoted to creation, not for anyone else or even for themselves, they have a powerful presence. The program delves into Araki Keiji's creative process and attempts to capture his unique form of expression.","description_clean":"This episode of \"no art, no life\" features Araki Keiji (62) who attends the social services center in Yamagata Prefecture. Keiji adores anything pink and cute. He's drawn to weddings and pop idols in the spotlight, and every day he draws an imaginary bride named Keiko. This program introduces artists from across Japan for whom expression is not a choice, but a compulsion. Not influenced by existing art or trends, nor by education, these artists and their works are gaining worldwide recognition. Devoted to creation, not for anyone else or even for themselves, they have a powerful presence. The program delves into Araki Keiji's creative process and attempts to capture his unique form of expression.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6123035/","category":[19],"mostwatch_ranking":768,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["sustainable_cities_and_communities","reduced_inequalities","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"facetoface","pgm_id":"2043","pgm_no":"086","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2043086/images/ys3xJOzx5Ao9YWdwNGXABl4Ibt9M9n1OI1Ucs3ks.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2043086/images/aj1wK3Rsidt5lREGs90Ltp2W27beQpdiOFFkBmEh.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2043086/images/cK7G46RLgUEYGfycwKthvTPXjDOGd1VF66EsNCzA.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2043_086_20230326111000_01_1679886594","onair":1679796600000,"vod_to":1711465140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Face To Face_Hasegawa Zaiyu: Conveying Culinary Passion;en,001;2043-086-2023;","title":"Face To Face","title_clean":"Face To Face","sub_title":"Hasegawa Zaiyu: Conveying Culinary Passion","sub_title_clean":"Hasegawa Zaiyu: Conveying Culinary Passion","description":"Hasegawa Zaiyu is a chef of Japanese cuisine who's been gaining attention from diners and critics around the world for his culinary innovation. His restaurant Den has frequently appeared on the list of The World's 50 Best Restaurants. His creations include delicate wafers stuffed with foie gras, and fried chicken filled with seasonal ingredients. Hasegawa is motivated by a desire to delight his guests and make them feel at home. His love for Japanese cuisine is rivaled only by his passion for learning more about techniques, ingredients and food culture from other countries. He frequently collaborates with chefs in other disciplines, hoping to promote cultural and culinary exchange. How does he view the future of Japanese cuisine?","description_clean":"Hasegawa Zaiyu is a chef of Japanese cuisine who's been gaining attention from diners and critics around the world for his culinary innovation. His restaurant Den has frequently appeared on the list of The World's 50 Best Restaurants. His creations include delicate wafers stuffed with foie gras, and fried chicken filled with seasonal ingredients. Hasegawa is motivated by a desire to delight his guests and make them feel at home. His love for Japanese cuisine is rivaled only by his passion for learning more about techniques, ingredients and food culture from other countries. He frequently collaborates with chefs in other disciplines, hoping to promote cultural and culinary exchange. How does he view the future of Japanese cuisine?","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2043086/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":599,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"origamimagic","pgm_id":"6216","pgm_no":"001","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6216001/images/kU9rFEkp3w90E1dUuLeUwsF9E8RHIvmW7muIcKc0.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6216001/images/5V7nGvtdVKumj8bOTMzsA8qRWCXwHj9tHLUg8XaH.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6216001/images/T5KSzgP2ukOyha4jZeaj6VutKaJ7bM8pQm3EcSAD.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6216_001_20230326104500_01_1679885476","onair":1679795100000,"vod_to":1743001140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Origami Magic_The Magical World of Origami Miniatures;en,001;6216-001-2023;","title":"Origami Magic","title_clean":"Origami Magic","sub_title":"The Magical World of Origami Miniatures","sub_title_clean":"The Magical World of Origami Miniatures","description":"Origami is a traditional Japanese craft and artwork made from a single sheet of paper. It's like magic. Our today's theme is \"miniatures.\" Meet a Japanese artist who creates a \"tree of cranes\" using numerous small 1.4-millimeter paper cranes and an artist from South Africa who folds tiny animals from 2-cm pieces of paper. Also, our origami expert \"Dr. Origami\" will teach you how to make an easy-to-fold \"flapping crane.\" Welcome to the magical world of origami!
Starring: Kenichi Takitoh (Dr. Origami)","description_clean":"Origami is a traditional Japanese craft and artwork made from a single sheet of paper. It's like magic. Our today's theme is \"miniatures.\" Meet a Japanese artist who creates a \"tree of cranes\" using numerous small 1.4-millimeter paper cranes and an artist from South Africa who folds tiny animals from 2-cm pieces of paper. Also, our origami expert \"Dr. Origami\" will teach you how to make an easy-to-fold \"flapping crane.\" Welcome to the magical world of origami! 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Used since ancient times to send messages to faraway people and heavenly deities, today they feature in one of the most dynamic of Japan's performing arts. Kumidaiko is a taiko ensemble comprised of drums of various sizes and shapes, each played with a different rhythm and dynamic choreography, producing thunderous beats that shake both body and soul. Explore the spirituality behind kumidaiko.","description_clean":"Japanese drums or taiko are among the most powerful of all percussive instruments. Used since ancient times to send messages to faraway people and heavenly deities, today they feature in one of the most dynamic of Japan's performing arts. Kumidaiko is a taiko ensemble comprised of drums of various sizes and shapes, each played with a different rhythm and dynamic choreography, producing thunderous beats that shake both body and soul. Explore the spirituality behind kumidaiko.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2088021/","category":[20,15],"mostwatch_ranking":262,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"soundtrip","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"940","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004940/images/iFI9HZIZE2Tbav68ODttLK9rvToimKWAwfQfbKv4.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004940/images/YGXsqUMZVNAp6OdqYOsercCR4G8Dn39yUly4Mer5.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004940/images/1Da17k35xUw0EukD7bgaWl937e83TG6vxS8J6VFe.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_940_20230326091000_01_1679887588","onair":1679789400000,"vod_to":1711465140000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Sound Trip_Joujouka Morocco;en,001;3004-940-2023;","title":"Sound Trip","title_clean":"Sound Trip","sub_title":"Joujouka Morocco","sub_title_clean":"Joujouka Morocco","description":"Sound Trip is a wonderful new travelogue program that uses immersive 360-degree, three-dimensional sound technology. This time, we visit Morocco where a magical festival in the hidden village of Joujouka has been held for more than 1,000 years. Villagers believe that the music of Joujouka has barakah, or a blessing power that can heal the soul. Join Sound Trip to discover what makes Joujouka so unique.","description_clean":"Sound Trip is a wonderful new travelogue program that uses immersive 360-degree, three-dimensional sound technology. This time, we visit Morocco where a magical festival in the hidden village of Joujouka has been held for more than 1,000 years. Villagers believe that the music of Joujouka has barakah, or a blessing power that can heal the soul. Join Sound Trip to discover what makes Joujouka so unique.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004940/","category":[21,18],"mostwatch_ranking":1046,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"nunscookbook","pgm_id":"6050","pgm_no":"024","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6050024/images/kwFo5KPhYKJjtKkcp6hueTrDzmwkdgRapaHIKLrD.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6050024/images/2pomg1D2MVCx5Iy5rBJF9YS1Zi3otwRyGlJQzCos.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6050024/images/GmeKer4SuErt984HTkMFT53Dlc7OKbl3hTcSMEcT.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6050_024_20230326082000_01_1679786687","onair":1679786400000,"vod_to":1837695540000,"movie_lengh":"3:00","movie_duration":180,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Nun's Cookbook_Zucchini au Gratin;en,001;6050-024-2023;","title":"Nun's Cookbook","title_clean":"Nun's Cookbook","sub_title":"Zucchini au Gratin","sub_title_clean":"Zucchini au Gratin","description":"Seasonal recipes from the chefs of Otowasan Kannonji Temple: zucchini au gratin. Cut zucchini in half, hollow out, and fill with cream cheese. Most recipes call for white sauce on top, but our friends prefer mayonnaise. Put in the oven and after a few minutes you have a stylish, tasty dish that's perfect for summer.","description_clean":"Seasonal recipes from the chefs of Otowasan Kannonji Temple: zucchini au gratin. Cut zucchini in half, hollow out, and fill with cream cheese. Most recipes call for white sauce on top, but our friends prefer mayonnaise. Put in the oven and after a few minutes you have a stylish, tasty dish that's perfect for summer.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6050024/","category":[20,17],"mostwatch_ranking":447,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["life_on_land","responsible_consumption_and_production","sustainable_cities_and_communities","decent_work_and_economic_growth","good_health_and_well-being","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"nunscookbook","pgm_id":"6050","pgm_no":"023","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6050023/images/QHrOxamdyB5fwx1WmRdDqP8hyoCewaOx5X5cAeDk.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6050023/images/JmQQGIkdIDSGuwPC2CRU20DM3O2PSc2dyjj6QhTy.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6050023/images/zBbAP3ndbSypbzEqtRT09QiZBLEEUdkhAtJLxPAY.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6050_023_20230326012500_01_1679761801","onair":1679761500000,"vod_to":1837695540000,"movie_lengh":"3:00","movie_duration":180,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Nun's Cookbook_Hiyamugi Noodles with Pesto Sauce;en,001;6050-023-2023;","title":"Nun's Cookbook","title_clean":"Nun's Cookbook","sub_title":"Hiyamugi Noodles with Pesto Sauce","sub_title_clean":"Hiyamugi Noodles with Pesto Sauce","description":"Seasonal recipes from the chefs of Otowasan Kannonji Temple: Hiyamugi noodles with pesto sauce. It might look like a plate of Italian pasta at first glance, but our friends use traditional Japanese noodles instead. And they make their special sauce using shiso and basil grown in the temple garden. This delicious recipe adds a Western twist to Buddhist vegetarian cuisine.","description_clean":"Seasonal recipes from the chefs of Otowasan Kannonji Temple: Hiyamugi noodles with pesto sauce. It might look like a plate of Italian pasta at first glance, but our friends use traditional Japanese noodles instead. And they make their special sauce using shiso and basil grown in the temple garden. This delicious recipe adds a Western twist to Buddhist vegetarian cuisine.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6050023/","category":[20,17],"mostwatch_ranking":464,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["life_on_land","responsible_consumption_and_production","sustainable_cities_and_communities","decent_work_and_economic_growth","good_health_and_well-being","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"documentary","pgm_id":"4001","pgm_no":"424","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001424/images/uS6MaseGpsmP02mHPpMXSQLuviQUms1W8Nztl5gP.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001424/images/YfG9elGmKvaHnwb98CYKnI347GXeGDqERN9zhHGq.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001424/images/co5xvFIwXOXZHn3ET6g8hqIg230qIaTorHmXSk7l.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4001_424_20230326001000_02_1679760666","onair":1679757000000,"vod_to":1711465140000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NHK Documentary_My Mom Has Dementia: A Neuroscientist's Care Diary;en,001;4001-424-2023;","title":"NHK Documentary","title_clean":"NHK Documentary","sub_title":"My Mom Has Dementia: A Neuroscientist's Care Diary","sub_title_clean":"My Mom Has Dementia: A Neuroscientist's Care Diary","description":"Ever since neuroscientist Onzo Ayako's mother Keiko was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease seven years ago, she has been balancing a double role of both caregiver and scientific observer. Faced with the prospect of losing the mother she knows, Ayako has kept a daily record of her behavior, as well as taking regular MRIs to track the physical changes in her mother's brain. With a special interest in complex emotions and brain function, Ayako hopes the insights she gains can one day help others living with dementia. Touching on the deepest questions of what makes a person who they are, we follow mother and daughter on their journey of reconnection and discovery amid the challenges.","description_clean":"Ever since neuroscientist Onzo Ayako's mother Keiko was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease seven years ago, she has been balancing a double role of both caregiver and scientific observer. Faced with the prospect of losing the mother she knows, Ayako has kept a daily record of her behavior, as well as taking regular MRIs to track the physical changes in her mother's brain. With a special interest in complex emotions and brain function, Ayako hopes the insights she gains can one day help others living with dementia. Touching on the deepest questions of what makes a person who they are, we follow mother and daughter on their journey of reconnection and discovery amid the challenges.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001424/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":7,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"5003-208"}],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanprize_2022","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"941","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004941/images/oX9blaAzjujnohMLhd6wvYzL6zo5UxdNOCao52nz.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004941/images/OtNWPbVTpp4P5WyTRcMtLPMllK1zjvArnJFc3RVZ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004941/images/tfqYuxxUkxXNJDt5LOoQuFqSsGcgvhvdKxN8v1LD.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_941_20230325231000_01_1679755622","onair":1679753400000,"vod_to":1711378740000,"movie_lengh":"30:00","movie_duration":1800,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Education, the Door to the Future: Japan Prize 2022;en,001;3004-941-2023;","title":"Education, the Door to the Future: Japan Prize 2022","title_clean":"Education, the Door to the Future: Japan Prize 2022","sub_title":"

","sub_title_clean":"","description":"The Japan Prize is the prestigious international contest for educational content established by NHK in 1965. Japan Prize 2022 received more than 350 entries from around the world competing in 5 divisions: Preschool, Primary, Youth, Lifelong Learning and Digital Media. The content addresses the most pressing issues of our time, including environmental disasters, the ongoing refugee crisis, poverty, violence and gender inequality. This program introduces the winners from each division and gives viewers a special look at trends and possibilities of educational media.","description_clean":"The Japan Prize is the prestigious international contest for educational content established by NHK in 1965. Japan Prize 2022 received more than 350 entries from around the world competing in 5 divisions: Preschool, Primary, Youth, Lifelong Learning and Digital Media. The content addresses the most pressing issues of our time, including environmental disasters, the ongoing refugee crisis, poverty, violence and gender inequality. This program introduces the winners from each division and gives viewers a special look at trends and possibilities of educational media.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004941/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"timetide","pgm_id":"3022","pgm_no":"025","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022025/images/bt3haiHWlaijkKPYu0PAp2q20oYgwTVLHMs6aLK1.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022025/images/fQRPe1bXkv1OpxKSs6ya3ReJQfr65zHG1ipq0xxK.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022025/images/THlg0O6T4ggAW1wXD0MNRkrMwRlkOf7oVULCac78.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3022_025_20230325201000_01_1679744688","onair":1679742600000,"vod_to":1711378740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Time and Tide_SAKURA TRUTH;en,001;3022-025-2023;","title":"Time and Tide","title_clean":"Time and Tide","sub_title":"SAKURA TRUTH","sub_title_clean":"SAKURA TRUTH","description":"Cherry blossoms, or sakura, are an iconic symbol of Japan. 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Host: Catherine Kobayashi
Guest: Greg Dalton, Journalist and Host, \"Climate One\"","description_clean":"Hydrogen fueled the early combustion engine and propelled we humans to the moon. But the story doesn't end there. Scientists around the world are now bringing it back in from the cold to fight global warming. From powering public transport to producing electric vehicle batteries out of waste, hydrogen's potential for once again changing the game is huge. Together with a US public broadcaster, we meet the people ushering in an all-new, all-clean era for this most abundant of natural elements. Host: Catherine Kobayashi Guest: Greg Dalton, Journalist and Host, \"Climate One\"","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004938/","category":[12,15],"mostwatch_ranking":272,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["life_on_land","life_below_water","climate_action","responsible_consumption_and_production","sustainable_cities_and_communities","industry_innovation_and_infrastructure","decent_work_and_economic_growth","affordable_and_clean_energy","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"chatroomjapan","pgm_id":"6049","pgm_no":"006","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6049006/images/6zlOuKTBTndUlrd3A4fNJrX1CPSBXyznUkRWFDr0.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6049006/images/6K0O7CpwkL2SYt1nKfRJmGDc5jqsSVuSuaxXbQUQ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6049006/images/ZVuahQItEwxGIBfnfVk2Pz9E57EYTEevWMuOLmdr.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6049_006_202303242330","onair":1679669700000,"vod_to":1900594740000,"movie_lengh":"2:55","movie_duration":175,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Chatroom Japan_#6: A Shop for All;en,001;6049-006-2023;","title":"Chatroom Japan","title_clean":"Chatroom Japan","sub_title":"#6: A Shop for All","sub_title_clean":"#6: A Shop for All","description":"Meet Marcos Takato Ikegami, a Brazilian supermarket owner in Izumo City, western Japan. He sells all sorts of imported goods, but the chance to learn more about his native culture will always be free.","description_clean":"Meet Marcos Takato Ikegami, a Brazilian supermarket owner in Izumo City, western Japan. He sells all sorts of imported goods, but the chance to learn more about his native culture will always be free.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6049006/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1324,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"zeroingin","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"937","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004937/images/Kj1k7AOhcjCM68MfPluCcBJYCLZFRSTtUEotXdGf.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004937/images/gBuHCu4Hq4kxXpvyvnso9JwrvP1eskQf1eNOs7pB.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004937/images/A7mEqfSqZCSjRh5RTas6wNUekqkBGs2fTDdn5DmB.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_937_20230324233000_01_1679670087","onair":1679668200000,"vod_to":1711292340000,"movie_lengh":"25:00","movie_duration":1500,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Zeroing In: Carbon Neutral 2050_Episode 15 Our Breathing Cities;en,001;3004-937-2023;","title":"Zeroing In: Carbon Neutral 2050","title_clean":"Zeroing In: Carbon Neutral 2050","sub_title":"Episode 15 Our Breathing Cities","sub_title_clean":"Episode 15 Our Breathing Cities","description":"Trees don't just add a welcome splash of green to our cities. They absorb CO2, restore biodiversity, improve our wellbeing, and even lower outdoor temperatures in the most concrete-heavy parts of town. Together with a US public broadcaster, we look at what's being done to ensure \"urban forests\" play a bigger part in the fight against climate change. From San Francisco's stunning Tunnel Tops, to the tiniest of gardens in suburban Tokyo, this movement takes many forms. All are equally inspiring.

Host: Catherine Kobayashi
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The perfect side dish for a bowl of rice in the middle of summer.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6050021/","category":[20,17],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["life_on_land","responsible_consumption_and_production","sustainable_cities_and_communities","decent_work_and_economic_growth","good_health_and_well-being","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"nunscookbook","pgm_id":"6050","pgm_no":"020","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6050020/images/2qdDWZ6FAy81031DmIsed6UgdQe9dITtGdZeneFO.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6050020/images/ByanDfuB4xBnqqRgcuavkwLv5Oe5NEoL9yZ1SpcX.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6050020/images/HA1aFqHhE0bVqa6EWCj5eHd5KOOA0GjdL7RlvU2o.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6050_020_20230319012500_01_1679156972","onair":1679156700000,"vod_to":1837090740000,"movie_lengh":"3:00","movie_duration":180,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Nun's Cookbook_Daikon Radish Sorbet;en,001;6050-020-2023;","title":"Nun's Cookbook","title_clean":"Nun's Cookbook","sub_title":"Daikon Radish Sorbet","sub_title_clean":"Daikon Radish Sorbet","description":"The chefs of Otowasan Kannonji Temple show us how to make daikon radish sorbet. 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Moderator
Takao Minori
NHK WORLD-JAPAN News Anchor

Panelists
Jameel Jaffer
Executive Director, Knight First Amendment Institute, Columbia University

Kate Klonick
Associate Professor, St. John's University

Carl Szabo
Vice President and General Counsel, NetChoice

Furuta Daisuke
Editor-in-Chief, Japan Fact-check Center","description_clean":"Social media has become an essential part of daily life, but also a source of disinformation and other issues. Should platforms be strictly regulated? Our experts discuss how to make them trustworthy. Moderator Takao Minori NHK WORLD-JAPAN News Anchor Panelists Jameel Jaffer Executive Director, Knight First Amendment Institute, Columbia University Kate Klonick Associate Professor, St. John's University Carl Szabo Vice President and General Counsel, NetChoice Furuta Daisuke Editor-in-Chief, Japan Fact-check Center","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2047076/","category":[13],"mostwatch_ranking":989,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript","social_media"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bizstream","pgm_id":"2074","pgm_no":"159","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074159/images/bsirWGtfwZpSsiln4mIIzixWfvQkwvjMbPcN2XwP.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074159/images/xPwfW0sBCQyfm7IMlGi4MZbuz2xaQJ4BbIbgz2YQ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074159/images/eCeNMWV6XEub59PGTLeJRZAahqoqrd7BiqsCZYLO.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2074_159_20230318231000_02_1679150727","onair":1679148600000,"vod_to":1695049140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BIZ STREAM_Contributing to Disaster Readiness;en,001;2074-159-2023;","title":"BIZ STREAM","title_clean":"BIZ STREAM","sub_title":"Contributing to Disaster Readiness","sub_title_clean":"Contributing to Disaster Readiness","description":"From an eyewear manufacturer's emergency whistle to survival foods made by a construction hardware supplier, this episode features Japanese companies that have stepped out of their areas of expertise to create disaster readiness products.

[In Focus: World Wrestles to Assess US Banking Fiasco]
Shockwaves from banking failures in the US are shaking financial institutions around the globe. There are growing worries about other firms and how far the damage will spread. We look at the impacts the crisis is having.

[Global Trends: Redefining Green Energy]
Electricity generated by plants and even changes in the air's moisture. Renewable power technologies are emerging that take the concept of green energy to a whole new level.

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Renewable power technologies are emerging that take the concept of green energy to a whole new level. *Subtitles and transcripts are available for video segments when viewed on our website.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074159/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1166,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"timetide","pgm_id":"3022","pgm_no":"024","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022024/images/k8J4y68oEGbSVRMW66Pj5bavWNJ9lC1RaNEmS87R.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022024/images/pq8A3PuOTTrH9cFp8wqSxGTxZL5YrphVunJIPUX6.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022024/images/fmsgecqLlZOJzFjfO8EvaMXQN9m5GjEn0aWO4gQK.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3022_024_20230318201000_01_1679139882","onair":1679137800000,"vod_to":1710773940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Time and Tide_YOKAI: Exploring Hidden Japanese Folklore – HIMEUO;en,001;3022-024-2023;","title":"Time and Tide","title_clean":"Time and Tide","sub_title":"YOKAI: Exploring Hidden Japanese Folklore – HIMEUO","sub_title_clean":"YOKAI: Exploring Hidden Japanese Folklore – HIMEUO","description":"In this episode of YOKAI: Exploring Hidden Japanese Folklore, we seek out a mermaid-like yokai, the Himeuo. 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","sub_title_clean":"","description":"Japanese fashion designer Kobayashi Eiko is known for fabulous haute couture dresses that repurpose antique kimonos. Her hometown Watari in Miyagi Prefecture was swept away by the mega-tsunami in March 2011. Having lost traces of their town, local people began to forget what life in Watari used to be like. Kobayashi sought for inspiration for her new dress in Watari to commemorate her old hometown. After a long search, she found it ... a century-old kimono belonging to her family that had miraculously survived the tsunami. Kobayashi decided to repurpose the kimono into a special dress that evokes memories of her town.","description_clean":"Japanese fashion designer Kobayashi Eiko is known for fabulous haute couture dresses that repurpose antique kimonos. Her hometown Watari in Miyagi Prefecture was swept away by the mega-tsunami in March 2011. Having lost traces of their town, local people began to forget what life in Watari used to be like. Kobayashi sought for inspiration for her new dress in Watari to commemorate her old hometown. After a long search, she found it ... a century-old kimono belonging to her family that had miraculously survived the tsunami. Kobayashi decided to repurpose the kimono into a special dress that evokes memories of her town.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004934/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":741,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["great_east_japan_earthquake","fashion","kimono","miyagi"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bugsystem","pgm_id":"5001","pgm_no":"374","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001374/images/xoZfkSr4aU4nPAQmHiueKzX7dzxEUOqGqRYxWs3c.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001374/images/HsDTRAUNZOBA8DqbyrZqqWlbnTSL0lzNIO7JlNpR.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001374/images/qMTg3OzHOWQ9ziQU4sgVoeTsS4u5zxV0svcYahwK.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5001_374_20230312091000_01_1678583448","onair":1678579800000,"vod_to":1710255540000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;A Bug in the System: Artist Ohtake Shinro;en,001;5001-374-2023;","title":"A Bug in the System: Artist Ohtake Shinro","title_clean":"A Bug in the System: Artist Ohtake Shinro","sub_title":"

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[In Focus: Economic Concerns Will Test New Chinese Policymakers]
The Chinese government is going through a major reshuffle as President Xi Jinping further consolidates his power. At the same time, the economy is under growing pressure. We look at some of the challenges facing Beijing.

[Global Trends: The Growing Pet Oral Care Market]
More pets are suffering from gum disease, with severe symptoms making it difficult for them to even eat. This has created a growing market for oral care products... as well as efforts to find the cause.

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Hints to make it yourself are available at https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/danko/20230311/6039015/.","description_clean":"Cardboard girl Danko, her friend Danta and craft master Mr. Snips team up to make toys out of cardboard. Danko's request for a table leads to a transformation! Versatile cardboard can create anything. Learn how to make a cardboard hammer, and the secret to a strong tabletop! Tune in for top tips on crafting with cardboard. 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","sub_title_clean":"","description":"Takano Hospital is located in a town only 22 kilometers away from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The 81-year-old hospital director, Dr. Hideo Takano, has continued to provide medical care during difficult times as an active physician. The environment surrounding the hospital has changed drastically since the nuclear accident in 2011. Other hospitals closer to the damaged facility have closed, so the ambulances come thick and fast. With local medical services in disarray, Takano Hospital is the last refuge for the \"new citizens\" engaged in decontamination work and elderly patients who lost their homes when the disaster struck. The program follows Dr. Takano over a period of 2,000 days as he struggles on alone.","description_clean":"Takano Hospital is located in a town only 22 kilometers away from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. 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Hints to make it yourself are available at https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/danko/20230304/6039014/.","description_clean":"Cardboard girl Danko, her friend Danta and craft master Mr. Snips team up to make toys out of cardboard. Danko wants a wallet that's all hers. This request leads to a cardboard transformation! Versatile cardboard can create anything. Make an original wallet that uses cute cardboard designs. Tune in for top tips on crafting with cardboard. 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She soared to fame with \"Convenience Store Woman,\" a novel that explores the challenges and consequences of nonconformity. The work asks readers to consider what it means to be normal. In \"Life Ceremony,\" she challenges social taboos regarding life, death, and sex, depicting a world where ritualistic cannibalism has become a way to survive. A frequent guest at international literary festivals, she explains the unusual process through which her stories unfold.","description_clean":"Murata Sayaka is a novelist who has gained a cult following worldwide. She soared to fame with \"Convenience Store Woman,\" a novel that explores the challenges and consequences of nonconformity. The work asks readers to consider what it means to be normal. In \"Life Ceremony,\" she challenges social taboos regarding life, death, and sex, depicting a world where ritualistic cannibalism has become a way to survive. 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Educational theme: The preciousness of life.","description_clean":"It is Rockie's birthday, but she has a brawl with her parents and runs off from home. Her grandmother comes running after her to learn what is bothering her. 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Educational theme: The preciousness of life.","description_clean":"Rockie is taught by her mother that fun sounds can be found by listening well. She goes out with her buddies to look for fun sounds, and is thrilled at the variety of sounds she hears, such as the flapping of wings and sneezing. Educational theme: The preciousness of life.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034024/","category":[20,30],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"new_gankochan","pgm_id":"4034","pgm_no":"023","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034023/images/jJmO5A6h05OgkAjp8uOxvY0urF8GKi5zDQvJSHkY.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034023/images/WEkHtOeFbCNGYXvJQLWtEdxYnoWWGaf0MrBRq7rH.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034023/images/bDvjqLAQsk2wOYqqiPkKOLFv65jFGbYyutYvyQ2x.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4034_023_20230223151000_01_1677133379","onair":1677132600000,"vod_to":1708700340000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends_Sweet Little Rocco;en,001;4034-023-2023;","title":"The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends","title_clean":"The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends","sub_title":"Sweet Little Rocco","sub_title_clean":"Sweet Little Rocco","description":"Rocco likes to tag along with his big sister Rockie, but one day Rockie leaves him out from the play group, saying he is too small to join. Then Rocco goes missing.

Educational theme: Generosity and sympathy.","description_clean":"Rocco likes to tag along with his big sister Rockie, but one day Rockie leaves him out from the play group, saying he is too small to join. Then Rocco goes missing. 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Kurechi tells us about his five decades of conservation work with migratory birds and their habitats.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058984/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"catseye","pgm_id":"6045","pgm_no":"027","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6045027/images/xOI7Klk5zmVmClLvsi5Nmoaw9Bv6DySqtk8JHpxE.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6045027/images/HfGBXWAEmeB8zeZrzR2VsiU3CpLzbmEwNsKdah4d.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6045027/images/hTnQV2cj3xYD68Kx9kTHinMYVXiNI1GBt2XWobqZ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6045_027_20230219185500_01_1676800929","onair":1676800500000,"vod_to":1739977140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;A Cat's-Eye View of Japan_Seto Inland Sea: Two Cat Islands;en,001;6045-027-2023;","title":"A Cat's-Eye View of Japan","title_clean":"A Cat's-Eye View of Japan","sub_title":"Seto Inland Sea: Two Cat Islands","sub_title_clean":"Seto Inland Sea: Two Cat Islands","description":"Visit two cat islands in Japan's Seto Inland Sea. The kitties on Ao Island outnumber humans. Watch them catch fish on the rocks! Join more kitties on Ogi Island for some sun time on a roof.","description_clean":"Visit two cat islands in Japan's Seto Inland Sea. The kitties on Ao Island outnumber humans. Watch them catch fish on the rocks! Join more kitties on Ogi Island for some sun time on a roof.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6045027/","category":[20,15],"mostwatch_ranking":368,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["animals","kagawa","ehime"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"somewhere","pgm_id":"4017","pgm_no":"130","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4017130/images/8Tyhsr5R6EpEaZhM8VMVUsttZICDqEhrc6JHIMUE.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4017130/images/qjEM4YfFOHdsZrj3iBSq5JfKGbY2H7iWsefGHWB6.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4017130/images/P3A3ET2VDJS8oVqQfz0trxTXyyGpKHJP8YFTN6cE.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4017_130_20230219131000_01_1676783678","onair":1676779800000,"vod_to":1708354740000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Somewhere Street_Barcelona, Spain;en,001;4017-130-2023;","title":"Somewhere Street","title_clean":"Somewhere Street","sub_title":"Barcelona, Spain","sub_title_clean":"Barcelona, Spain","description":"Located on the Mediterranean Sea, the beauty of Barcelona, Spain, attracts tourists from all over the world. Its rich history and unique architecture make it a popular destination for visitors who clamor to see the works of the celebrated Spanish architect, Antoni Gaudi. Highly acclaimed is the Basilica de la Sagrada Familia, a quintessential work of Gaudi's and a World Heritage Site. Other works by Gaudi include Casa Mila and Casa Vicens, also a World Heritage Site, and a lamppost at Plaza Real.","description_clean":"Located on the Mediterranean Sea, the beauty of Barcelona, Spain, attracts tourists from all over the world. Its rich history and unique architecture make it a popular destination for visitors who clamor to see the works of the celebrated Spanish architect, Antoni Gaudi. Highly acclaimed is the Basilica de la Sagrada Familia, a quintessential work of Gaudi's and a World Heritage Site. Other works by Gaudi include Casa Mila and Casa Vicens, also a World Heritage Site, and a lamppost at Plaza Real.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4017130/","category":[18],"mostwatch_ranking":305,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"new_gankochan","pgm_id":"4034","pgm_no":"016","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034016/images/6JxNRKpj0oFMntRlLiSITP71fjwNZatgxzLPVERJ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034016/images/hGhYGufOKcrP53TtsFTy8bUnA4badcf77oxdoEC5.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034016/images/c2ZKPdfJhRGfpS2DvVVl64isFKa9TR0iNPdIjCu3.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4034_016_20230219125000_01_1676779394","onair":1676778600000,"vod_to":1708354740000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends_Are We Different? 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Educational theme: Intercultural understanding and goodwill.","description_clean":"Fluffy the owl comes to join Rockie's class. But when Hoppie greets her, Fluffy returns it with a head bump. The schoolmates soon learn how there are cultures that are different from theirs. Educational theme: Intercultural understanding and goodwill.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034016/","category":[20,30],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"wildhokkaido","pgm_id":"2069","pgm_no":"120","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2069120/images/X3PbpMcmVF8ZIBFUWR8uX0bu8ya2nW4EqZ5CDeeH.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2069120/images/uhTTyzJAgApfIAqJ0d9WDr0Mqfz5ihRJoKEd05o9.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2069120/images/AjLdP5TlVzoQHc9S5rHnJ4XEBlD7KVD5YsyoGjtw.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["id","ko","th","vi","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2069_120_20230219104500_01_1676772322","onair":1676771100000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Wild Hokkaido!_Winter in Lake Onneto;en,001;2069-120-2023;","title":"Wild Hokkaido!","title_clean":"Wild Hokkaido!","sub_title":"Winter in Lake Onneto","sub_title_clean":"Winter in Lake Onneto","description":"Lake Onneto is the hidden gem of east Hokkaido Prefecture. Indigenous people of Ainu call the place \"Elder Lake,\" and they have admired it for generations. In this special winter episode, we will travel wild nature with a nature guide, Jin Gen. Locals friendly call him \"Kin-chan,\" with respect to his dedication to protecting the natural environment. We will encounter the ancient woods of Ainu and the mythical moment of Lake Onneto. The lake dramatically changes its shape from fall to winter. Trees and leaves turn their color in fall. In winter, the lake gets frozen and creates winter ice arts such as \"ice bubbles.\" In the end, the Florence lake will make a magical sound called \"Sing Lake.\" Let's discover lake mythical Onneto with Kin-chan!","description_clean":"Lake Onneto is the hidden gem of east Hokkaido Prefecture. Indigenous people of Ainu call the place \"Elder Lake,\" and they have admired it for generations. In this special winter episode, we will travel wild nature with a nature guide, Jin Gen. Locals friendly call him \"Kin-chan,\" with respect to his dedication to protecting the natural environment. We will encounter the ancient woods of Ainu and the mythical moment of Lake Onneto. The lake dramatically changes its shape from fall to winter. Trees and leaves turn their color in fall. In winter, the lake gets frozen and creates winter ice arts such as \"ice bubbles.\" In the end, the Florence lake will make a magical sound called \"Sing Lake.\" Let's discover lake mythical Onneto with Kin-chan!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2069120/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":1234,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript","winter","amazing_scenery","hokkaido"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hometown","pgm_id":"5003","pgm_no":"220","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003220/images/9I4etoVFwevXve11AoAKGKipjeRhtu4nQ8CcDBR0.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003220/images/7m4dQxSZ8w7yJBMygCOES0jzWwlFQRuncJidHXaS.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003220/images/fUqHvSZBznWQP6CkgfYGhbfKwTJC71LGVt6p2M5R.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5003_220_20230219101000_01_1676770912","onair":1676769000000,"vod_to":1739977140000,"movie_lengh":"25:15","movie_duration":1515,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Hometown Stories_Seeking a Chance to Learn: Students with Overseas Roots;en,001;5003-220-2023;","title":"Hometown Stories","title_clean":"Hometown Stories","sub_title":"Seeking a Chance to Learn: Students with Overseas Roots","sub_title_clean":"Seeking a Chance to Learn: Students with Overseas Roots","description":"In spring 2021, Shinji High School in Shimane Prefecture, western Japan, set up the first class in the prefecture solely for students with foreign roots. As well as regular subjects, they get special support in an extra one titled \"Understanding Japanese.\" The area's foreign population has surged in recent years. While elementary and junior high schools offer language support, there is hardly any at high schools, so several students have had to give up on studying or pursuing their ambitions. We follow four Japanese Brazilian students at the school as they take a step toward their dreams.","description_clean":"In spring 2021, Shinji High School in Shimane Prefecture, western Japan, set up the first class in the prefecture solely for students with foreign roots. As well as regular subjects, they get special support in an extra one titled \"Understanding Japanese.\" The area's foreign population has surged in recent years. While elementary and junior high schools offer language support, there is hardly any at high schools, so several students have had to give up on studying or pursuing their ambitions. We follow four Japanese Brazilian students at the school as they take a step toward their dreams.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003220/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":849,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["education","school","life_in_japan","shimane"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"jflicks","pgm_id":"2036","pgm_no":"078","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2036078/images/TVfEVBiPkoo20bKShQ83989mU7G7A9yp616JhboM.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2036078/images/inK5auRos6wR2qfCNLt18WeYeHcN3DjOVI4YJTD2.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2036078/images/V95cj4kPeGfeCxmLzlXJ6Nl63NWPMKi4lnEkGxBS.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2036_078_20230219091000_01_1676769079","onair":1676765400000,"vod_to":1708354740000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;J-FLICKS_How to Watch Ozu - Part 2;en,001;2036-078-2023;","title":"J-FLICKS","title_clean":"J-FLICKS","sub_title":"How to Watch Ozu - Part 2","sub_title_clean":"How to Watch Ozu - Part 2","description":"This episode of J-FLICKS is dedicated to lovers of classic Japanese cinema as we present our second special on legendary filmmaker, Ozu Yasujiro. We look at \"Early Summer\" (1951), a film about a young woman pressured by her family to find a husband and starring several recurring names in Ozu's work, including Ryu Chishu and Hara Setsuko. We also introduce the director's very first talkie, \"The Only Son\" (1936), as well as \"The Flavor of Green Tea Over Rice\" (1952). We discuss what makes Ozu's films so appealing and offer insights on how to better appreciate his unique cinematic world. Later on, we head to Japan's old capital, Kyoto Prefecture, for an overview of the latest edition of the Kyoto Filmmakers Lab, a workshop where budding cineastes from around the world collaborate to make short samurai films.

[Navigator] Sarah Macdonald
[Guests] Markus Nornes (Professor, University of Michigan)","description_clean":"This episode of J-FLICKS is dedicated to lovers of classic Japanese cinema as we present our second special on legendary filmmaker, Ozu Yasujiro. We look at \"Early Summer\" (1951), a film about a young woman pressured by her family to find a husband and starring several recurring names in Ozu's work, including Ryu Chishu and Hara Setsuko. We also introduce the director's very first talkie, \"The Only Son\" (1936), as well as \"The Flavor of Green Tea Over Rice\" (1952). We discuss what makes Ozu's films so appealing and offer insights on how to better appreciate his unique cinematic world. Later on, we head to Japan's old capital, Kyoto Prefecture, for an overview of the latest edition of the Kyoto Filmmakers Lab, a workshop where budding cineastes from around the world collaborate to make short samurai films. [Navigator] Sarah Macdonald [Guests] Markus Nornes (Professor, University of Michigan)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2036078/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2036-067"}],"tags":["film"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"documentary","pgm_id":"4001","pgm_no":"421","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001421/images/jfZDlq2CHtbZJaGQr7D2bIu6dMwXStqvc2FAdwRO.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001421/images/BI3av9jYCzCUeA1HD0O7xv2eexnKLRIARsBD3jz8.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001421/images/9ji2RmFWiN1xBGrsQ3e4cZBG1D3Bz3K2kV2riZFO.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4001_421_20230219001000_01_1676736732","onair":1676733000000,"vod_to":1708354740000,"movie_lengh":"50:00","movie_duration":3000,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NHK Documentary_North Korea: Kim Jong Un's Deepening Radicalism;en,001;4001-421-2023;","title":"NHK Documentary","title_clean":"NHK Documentary","sub_title":"North Korea: Kim Jong Un's Deepening Radicalism","sub_title_clean":"North Korea: Kim Jong Un's Deepening Radicalism","description":"In 2022, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un kicked off his second decade in power with a record-breaking year of over 90 missile launches. The recent tests included hypersonic weapons and showcased the regime's latest ICBM, potentially bringing the entire US mainland within range. The diversity of missiles entering operational phase marks the fruition of intense military development under Kim Jong Un's rule. Since the breakdown of denuclearization talks with the US in 2019, his regime has adopted an increasingly hardline stance. Closed borders during the pandemic have made the secretive nation more inscrutable than ever, but internal North Korean documents obtained by NHK paint a picture of tightening controls and an increasingly radicalized ideology driving the regime's actions. As North Korea finds ways to bypass UN sanctions and renews ties with authoritarian allies, how can the world best engage with a state whose nuclear provocations present a growing threat to global security?","description_clean":"In 2022, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un kicked off his second decade in power with a record-breaking year of over 90 missile launches. The recent tests included hypersonic weapons and showcased the regime's latest ICBM, potentially bringing the entire US mainland within range. The diversity of missiles entering operational phase marks the fruition of intense military development under Kim Jong Un's rule. Since the breakdown of denuclearization talks with the US in 2019, his regime has adopted an increasingly hardline stance. Closed borders during the pandemic have made the secretive nation more inscrutable than ever, but internal North Korean documents obtained by NHK paint a picture of tightening controls and an increasingly radicalized ideology driving the regime's actions. As North Korea finds ways to bypass UN sanctions and renews ties with authoritarian allies, how can the world best engage with a state whose nuclear provocations present a growing threat to global security?","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001421/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":583,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bizstream","pgm_id":"2074","pgm_no":"156","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074156/images/LtOpATfg44VAowA2fRbpEkZUR1vs888Ngzf81OrG.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074156/images/ug9ksbbby68eNJ6Ki7uHGOTmOuqOIADsUUNUboZV.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074156/images/h2NrcB46AEQJKXUXDyGIlrncXElsx5czMQ3pVho6.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2074_156_20230218231000_01_1676775852","onair":1676729400000,"vod_to":1692370740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BIZ STREAM_From Scourge of the Seas to SDGs;en,001;2074-156-2023;","title":"BIZ STREAM","title_clean":"BIZ STREAM","sub_title":"From Scourge of the Seas to SDGs","sub_title_clean":"From Scourge of the Seas to SDGs","description":"This episode features a business that collects and uses various types of plastic marine waste to create a range of household products and a company that makes extremely durable backpacks and bags out of discarded fishing nets.

[In Focus: India Feels Shockwave from Adani Turmoil]
Snowballing fraud allegations against Indian corporate giant Adani Group have sparked controversy and sent protesters into the streets. We look at how turmoil at the company led by one of the world's richest men is being felt throughout Asia's 3rd-biggest economy.

[Global Trends: Turning Construction Waste into Tomorrow's Buildings]
Building material left over at construction sites is creating a big waste problem in Japan. We meet a business operator who picks out the good stuff and sells it for use in future construction projects.

*Subtitles and transcripts are available for video segments when viewed on our website.","description_clean":"This episode features a business that collects and uses various types of plastic marine waste to create a range of household products and a company that makes extremely durable backpacks and bags out of discarded fishing nets.[In Focus: India Feels Shockwave from Adani Turmoil]Snowballing fraud allegations against Indian corporate giant Adani Group have sparked controversy and sent protesters into the streets. We look at how turmoil at the company led by one of the world's richest men is being felt throughout Asia's 3rd-biggest economy.[Global Trends: Turning Construction Waste into Tomorrow's Buildings]Building material left over at construction sites is creating a big waste problem in Japan. We meet a business operator who picks out the good stuff and sells it for use in future construction projects. *Subtitles and transcripts are available for video segments when viewed on our website.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074156/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":989,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"nunscalendar","pgm_id":"6124","pgm_no":"009","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6124009/images/8zlRSAWA8kXO58awByoc3KVsf1Cu7PbhiUvrq9Uk.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6124009/images/7i9yU0oj4JX8OvMJEfYdjDXHtQ46oFGRo5m7GdEO.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6124009/images/qsnHirE1pDPv063Ls9jZQkxGgLDV3zDMNKoX72YO.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6124_009_20230218155000_01_1676776273","onair":1676703000000,"vod_to":1834498740000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Nun's Seasonal Calendar_May;en,001;6124-009-2023;","title":"Nun's Seasonal Calendar","title_clean":"Nun's Seasonal Calendar","sub_title":"May","sub_title_clean":"May","description":"Join us as we learn about life at the Otowasan Kannonji Temple through 24 terms from the solar calendar. First, the nuns pick warabi and itadori, which can only be enjoyed at this time of year. They use the itadori to make kimpira stir fry for the summer date of Rikka. Then, we follow them on Shoman as they serve mehari-zushi (eye-popping sushi) to villagers who helped clean up the mountain paths ahead of the rainy season.","description_clean":"Join us as we learn about life at the Otowasan Kannonji Temple through 24 terms from the solar calendar. First, the nuns pick warabi and itadori, which can only be enjoyed at this time of year. They use the itadori to make kimpira stir fry for the summer date of Rikka. Then, we follow them on Shoman as they serve mehari-zushi (eye-popping sushi) to villagers who helped clean up the mountain paths ahead of the rainy season.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6124009/","category":[20,17],"mostwatch_ranking":491,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["life_on_land","responsible_consumption_and_production","sustainable_cities_and_communities","decent_work_and_economic_growth","good_health_and_well-being","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bosaiscience","pgm_id":"2090","pgm_no":"022","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090022/images/sbyQHwu59HrZIROX89CfQESMl14fKmhxNYoqoMxI.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090022/images/68KgZA3bPY9P9WCxnYWx0uaCwQyGMD5urkMfrFgF.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090022/images/7TnV3TucqOmNsT8gZV0IUbkx5l79WbNMw3tXctL7.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2090_022_20230218144000_01_1676775326","onair":1676698800000,"vod_to":1708268340000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life_#26 Landslides;en,001;2090-022-2023;","title":"BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life","title_clean":"BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life","sub_title":"#26 Landslides","sub_title_clean":"#26 Landslides","description":"In April 2018, a landslide occurred on a hill behind houses in Nakatsu City, Oita Prefecture. The landslide moved sediment over a width of more than 100 meters, completely destroying four houses and killing six people. Landslide hazard areas are found throughout Japan, and the total number of landslide hazard areas is approximately 680,000. Why do landslides occur? Experts believe they are often triggered by heavy rainfall. In this episode, we'll look at the mechanism behind landslides and the latest research on reducing their damage.","description_clean":"In April 2018, a landslide occurred on a hill behind houses in Nakatsu City, Oita Prefecture. The landslide moved sediment over a width of more than 100 meters, completely destroying four houses and killing six people. Landslide hazard areas are found throughout Japan, and the total number of landslide hazard areas is approximately 680,000. Why do landslides occur? Experts believe they are often triggered by heavy rainfall. 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Moderator
Takao Minori
NHK WORLD-JAPAN News Anchor

Panelists
Karin Landgren
Executive Director, Security Council Report
Former UN Under-Secretary-General

Brett Schaefer
Senior Research Fellow, Heritage Foundation

Aude Darnal
Nonresident Fellow, Stimson Center

Shinyo Takahiro
Dean and Professor, Kwansei Gakuin University
Former Ambassador to UN","description_clean":"Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and its veto of a Security Council resolution condemning the action, has reignited calls to reform the UN. Experts will discuss ways to make the body more effective. Moderator Takao Minori NHK WORLD-JAPAN News Anchor Panelists Karin Landgren Executive Director, Security Council Report Former UN Under-Secretary-General Brett Schaefer Senior Research Fellow, Heritage Foundation Aude Darnal Nonresident Fellow, Stimson Center Shinyo Takahiro Dean and Professor, Kwansei Gakuin University Former Ambassador to UN","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2047075/","category":[13],"mostwatch_ranking":883,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["ukraine","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"nunscalendar","pgm_id":"6124","pgm_no":"008","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6124008/images/YnyvNX1OC4RhXv2xmyiziYfSKTfwuD1x0ECkqSQX.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6124008/images/110y3ige6xtvucHGoJtVfZ6O7raI9yeyve7HVypy.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6124008/images/exqWB8UFTn9tgoDbl1siz4e75CpUbf3a2SWcvsdc.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6124_008_20230218095000_01_1676776126","onair":1676681400000,"vod_to":1834498740000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Nun's Seasonal Calendar_April;en,001;6124-008-2023;","title":"Nun's Seasonal Calendar","title_clean":"Nun's Seasonal Calendar","sub_title":"April","sub_title_clean":"April","description":"Join us as we learn about life at the Otowasan Kannonji Temple through 24 terms from the solar calendar. First, we follow the nuns on the day of Seimei as they make yomogi rice cakes for the flower festival. Then, we watch as they try to dig up bamboo shoots on the day of Kokuu.","description_clean":"Join us as we learn about life at the Otowasan Kannonji Temple through 24 terms from the solar calendar. First, we follow the nuns on the day of Seimei as they make yomogi rice cakes for the flower festival. Then, we watch as they try to dig up bamboo shoots on the day of Kokuu.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6124008/","category":[20,17],"mostwatch_ranking":599,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["life_on_land","responsible_consumption_and_production","sustainable_cities_and_communities","decent_work_and_economic_growth","good_health_and_well-being","sdgs","spring"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"broadcasterseye","pgm_id":"5006","pgm_no":"045","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5006045/images/keVfLVwETJTaF9JMevLRwaTTZBxgxgBdrx1IilKW.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5006045/images/WyKTSk06qgnY3FSiIz1xqEyXQNeMmjPII17ofoIh.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5006045/images/dUBHa6uOo9RwqT5vTafOmwYhAnFoqAQcM63iQSax.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5006_045_20230218091000_01_1676774609","onair":1676679000000,"vod_to":1708268340000,"movie_lengh":"28:30","movie_duration":1710,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Broadcasters' Eye_Protecting the Glow of Life - Yodaka Clinic -;en,001;5006-045-2023;","title":"Broadcasters' Eye","title_clean":"Broadcasters' Eye","sub_title":"Protecting the Glow of Life - Yodaka Clinic -","sub_title_clean":"Protecting the Glow of Life - Yodaka Clinic -","description":"Broadcasters' Eye showcases programs by commercial and cable television broadcasters in Japan.
In 2019, doctor Maekaku Emi opened the Yodaka Clinic, which specializes in home health care. As the sole doctor there, she works with nurses and staff to care for 80 patients a month. Maekaku wishes for patients to continue enjoying the good things in life, regardless of their medical situation or advanced age. Through Maekaku's eyes, this program sheds light on the importance of home health care in aging communities and explores the possibilities and ideals of hospice care.","description_clean":"Broadcasters' Eye showcases programs by commercial and cable television broadcasters in Japan. In 2019, doctor Maekaku Emi opened the Yodaka Clinic, which specializes in home health care. As the sole doctor there, she works with nurses and staff to care for 80 patients a month. Maekaku wishes for patients to continue enjoying the good things in life, regardless of their medical situation or advanced age. Through Maekaku's eyes, this program sheds light on the importance of home health care in aging communities and explores the possibilities and ideals of hospice care.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5006045/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"new_gankochan","pgm_id":"4034","pgm_no":"015","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034015/images/OuSo3LijkTtLKBlbpEeL986vnq0hCBbiahADQV09.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034015/images/soNO4Mo1CvyCBYdNLehF2YFIolnJ6kCKZW4KWrMv.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034015/images/c59cqrUq5WQVsPwN3VFtD9dquUPttZmGwU5AKWZ1.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4034_015_20230218082000_01_1676776430","onair":1676676000000,"vod_to":1708268340000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends_What Shelly Really Wanted to Say;en,001;4034-015-2023;","title":"The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends","title_clean":"The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends","sub_title":"What Shelly Really Wanted to Say","sub_title_clean":"What Shelly Really Wanted to Say","description":"Shelly is delighted when she is given a magical flower with an aroma that allows her to shed her shyness and state her mind. But her suddenly bold manner begins to cause undue friction.

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Educational theme: Keeping good relationships and helping each other.","description_clean":"Rockie, Crocker and Slinky have a race to see which one can pick the most berries from a tree. But Slinky, being the shortest, cannot reach the berries, and claims unfairness. 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At a 125-year-old sake brewery, a patrol kitty makes his rounds before relaxing in the adjacent garden next to a lovely fresh water pond.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6045026/","category":[20,15],"mostwatch_ranking":441,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["animals","shimane"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"drama_kiriko","pgm_id":"5011","pgm_no":"039","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011039/images/TxHg2wpKskvd90e3FU6Fp7jY9XYPijDbreQe3QHy.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011039/images/QG6knjGRolVIiXDIiHUlnWoRSohshvXblO5L8fI3.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011039/images/Zytj23TUPdyft3IhSCDPIjNIBOHN1ygYG0tKMEUa.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5011_039_20230212151000_01_1676185859","onair":1676182200000,"vod_to":1707749940000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Kiriko's Crime Diary_Final Episode: The Gravity of Forbidden Sin (Dubbed ver.);en,001;5011-039-2023;","title":"Kiriko's Crime Diary","title_clean":"Kiriko's Crime Diary","sub_title":"Final Episode: The Gravity of Forbidden Sin (Dubbed ver.)","sub_title_clean":"Final Episode: The Gravity of Forbidden Sin (Dubbed ver.)","description":"Having seen Kiriko's crime attempts take wild turns and end in failure, money lender Kazuo suggests to her the ultimate crime: murder. 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What will she decide, and what world will she see beyond her ultimate crime attempt?","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011039/","category":[26,21],"mostwatch_ranking":264,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["drama_showcase"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"somewhere","pgm_id":"4017","pgm_no":"129","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4017129/images/vI6OVAf79w1HGg5tLqrirkTTL8Mv8hRVW1ik1H0v.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4017129/images/jaM7M5KADb3AMpBo3y9aA3vzbY3UaH4VT7kl8PzH.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4017129/images/ZxvqmQ5kwDgMPnX1qxRlwJJbBtoFGEUEEbCp2muM.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4017_129_20230212131000_01_1676178658","onair":1676175000000,"vod_to":1707749940000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Somewhere Street_Menton, France;en,001;4017-129-2023;","title":"Somewhere Street","title_clean":"Somewhere Street","sub_title":"Menton, France","sub_title_clean":"Menton, France","description":"Facing the Mediterranean Sea, Menton, a city in France celebrated for its delicious lemons, is famous for its mild subtropical climate. It became a popular destination for Europe's ruling elite and nobles due to the warm winters. By the 18th century Menton was Europe's top producer of lemons with millions being exported internationally. In 1928 an event featuring flowers and citrus was established. Now known as the Lemon Festival, this festival attracts over 200,000 people from all over the world.","description_clean":"Facing the Mediterranean Sea, Menton, a city in France celebrated for its delicious lemons, is famous for its mild subtropical climate. It became a popular destination for Europe's ruling elite and nobles due to the warm winters. By the 18th century Menton was Europe's top producer of lemons with millions being exported internationally. In 1928 an event featuring flowers and citrus was established. 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Educational theme: Generosity toward natural life.","description_clean":"Rockie and her baby brother Rocco wander into picture-book land, where a monkey gives them a magic seed to plant. But when a magic tree grows and bears fruits, they find out that the fruits aren't good for eating. Educational theme: Generosity toward natural life.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034008/","category":[20,30],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"wildhokkaido","pgm_id":"2069","pgm_no":"116","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2069116/images/tDP1QT6B7Ha9mQ5bWVfZ9xdACKS8DhCL6FM7LBoK.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2069116/images/dGYRfUPEXinLiVMfWKmjyj7zbqQ303dAnc1YUT9t.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2069116/images/WpSdllJE9Jr6XL9M5uxARNjCwQxIdGl6wC8h2ji5.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["id","ko","th","vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2069_116_20230212104500_01_1676167460","onair":1676166300000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Wild Hokkaido!_Boarding Extreeeeeme! In the Cold of Shiribeshi;en,001;2069-116-2023;","title":"Wild Hokkaido!","title_clean":"Wild Hokkaido!","sub_title":"Boarding Extreeeeeme! In the Cold of Shiribeshi","sub_title_clean":"Boarding Extreeeeeme! In the Cold of Shiribeshi","description":"Toni and Evan are not only snowboarders but also expert surfers. They take cracks at boarding freely in the mountains as well as on the sea during the bitter frigid winter of Hokkaido Prefecture.","description_clean":"Toni and Evan are not only snowboarders but also expert surfers. They take cracks at boarding freely in the mountains as well as on the sea during the bitter frigid winter of Hokkaido Prefecture.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2069116/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":212,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript","winter","hokkaido"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"diveintokyo","pgm_id":"3021","pgm_no":"021","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3021021/images/RtUpAneFne6gEM66zBdaCZLXhVZjd5zB19PThJ9o.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3021021/images/yojgPnjDRtIfhuDRzaktX6hhzrPwYc6lyJvj5Sdz.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3021021/images/TFSQiF9unHlIpE4AHiiftWh5sgIuI3PhII26nFuf.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["th","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3021_021_20230212101000_01_1676166320","onair":1676164200000,"vod_to":1707749940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dive in Tokyo_Omori - A Taste of the Sea;en,001;3021-021-2023;","title":"Dive in Tokyo","title_clean":"Dive in Tokyo","sub_title":"Omori - A Taste of the Sea","sub_title_clean":"Omori - A Taste of the Sea","description":"This time we explore the Omori area, located in the south of the city along Tokyo Bay. As a former aquaculture hub specializing in nori (edible seaweed), it retains a deep connection to the ocean. James Farrer (Professor, Sophia University) visits one of many local nori wholesalers, then encounters a group cultivating the crop using traditional methods. Later, he climbs to higher ground and learns about Omori's history as a tourist destination. Join us as we dive into this bayside neighborhood.

[Omori Nori Museum]
This museum runs a research project at a nearby coastal park where volunteers grow nori using traditional methods. At the museum itself, visitors can experience Omori's seaweed heritage up close, with exhibits including nori-making tools and boats, and a hands-on nori-making class.

[Nori no Matsuo]
This nori wholesaler was founded in 1669. It sources nori from across Japan and roasts the sheets on-site before packing them into bags. The neighborhood is home to 40 such wholesalers, speaking to its history as a major nori-cultivation center.

[Hakkei Tenso Shrine]
This shrine sits atop a hill directly in front of Omori Station. A map showing the area 6,500 years ago indicates that the shoreline once ran along the foot of the hill. During the Edo period, this place was known as Hakkei-zaka (Eight-view Hill), and the surrounding landscape was immortalized in woodblock prints by masters such as Utagawa Hiroshige.","description_clean":"This time we explore the Omori area, located in the south of the city along Tokyo Bay. As a former aquaculture hub specializing in nori (edible seaweed), it retains a deep connection to the ocean. James Farrer (Professor, Sophia University) visits one of many local nori wholesalers, then encounters a group cultivating the crop using traditional methods. Later, he climbs to higher ground and learns about Omori's history as a tourist destination. Join us as we dive into this bayside neighborhood. [Omori Nori Museum] This museum runs a research project at a nearby coastal park where volunteers grow nori using traditional methods. At the museum itself, visitors can experience Omori's seaweed heritage up close, with exhibits including nori-making tools and boats, and a hands-on nori-making class. [Nori no Matsuo] This nori wholesaler was founded in 1669. It sources nori from across Japan and roasts the sheets on-site before packing them into bags. The neighborhood is home to 40 such wholesalers, speaking to its history as a major nori-cultivation center. [Hakkei Tenso Shrine] This shrine sits atop a hill directly in front of Omori Station. A map showing the area 6,500 years ago indicates that the shoreline once ran along the foot of the hill. During the Edo period, this place was known as Hakkei-zaka (Eight-view Hill), and the surrounding landscape was immortalized in woodblock prints by masters such as Utagawa Hiroshige.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3021021/","category":[20,15],"mostwatch_ranking":58,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2054-139"}],"tags":["transcript","seafood","tokyo"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bizstream","pgm_id":"2074","pgm_no":"155","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074155/images/aXEB5J1zgq3bP6adiQI7ees6rrf3IpQLWeRNz8yd.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074155/images/52p40GikOBzTQNsVTtihI92U83bvjQ4sw1r0jagF.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074155/images/cR9j53fhsXoisD7MTu6ZNr4aKuCzycfMdgkKNY5a.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2074_155_20230211231000_01_1676126675","onair":1676124600000,"vod_to":1691765940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BIZ STREAM_Washi: The Ultimate Multi-Purpose Paper;en,001;2074-155-2023;","title":"BIZ STREAM","title_clean":"BIZ STREAM","sub_title":"Washi: The Ultimate Multi-Purpose Paper","sub_title_clean":"Washi: The Ultimate Multi-Purpose Paper","description":"In addition to writing paper, traditional Japanese washi paper has long been used in a variety of ways, such as for making lamp shades and door and window screens. This episode looks at how some companies are taking the ancient material into the future through even more sustainable production methods and creative new applications.

*Subtitles and transcripts are available for video segments when viewed on our website.","description_clean":"In addition to writing paper, traditional Japanese washi paper has long been used in a variety of ways, such as for making lamp shades and door and window screens. This episode looks at how some companies are taking the ancient material into the future through even more sustainable production methods and creative new applications. *Subtitles and transcripts are available for video segments when viewed on our website.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074155/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":622,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bosaiscience","pgm_id":"2090","pgm_no":"021","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090021/images/DKOItN9VwAvx65sfE6r3VDBqsoPpdNX98GjWj6M5.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090021/images/7qboJ7SNhaNfMoZiKE1rXKCnDXUREmv3vNunS21K.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090021/images/1pppY4o3Stolo2eYA8q8pmv4O1MRN0Qj5OHsWxvy.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2090_021_20230211144000_01_1676095201","onair":1676094000000,"vod_to":1707663540000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life_#25 Heavy Snow;en,001;2090-021-2023;","title":"BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life","title_clean":"BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life","sub_title":"#25 Heavy Snow","sub_title_clean":"#25 Heavy Snow","description":"In recent years, heavy snow has been falling frequently in Japan. While the overall amount of snowfall per winter has been decreasing year by year, the amount of snow that falls at one time is conversely increasing. What role does climate change play in this? It turns out that rising temperatures have led to more water vapor in the Sea of Japan, and interaction with a weather phenomenon called JPCZ has subsequently brought on heavy snow. We'll examine the mechanism behind this as well as the risks of snow disasters.","description_clean":"In recent years, heavy snow has been falling frequently in Japan. While the overall amount of snowfall per winter has been decreasing year by year, the amount of snow that falls at one time is conversely increasing. What role does climate change play in this? It turns out that rising temperatures have led to more water vapor in the Sea of Japan, and interaction with a weather phenomenon called JPCZ has subsequently brought on heavy snow. We'll examine the mechanism behind this as well as the risks of snow disasters.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090021/","category":[29,23],"mostwatch_ranking":1324,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"topinventions","pgm_id":"2072","pgm_no":"037","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072037/images/IKuW6QNeh9XlHXYta2BI0r6zDVdZOP1GP7La1rtT.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072037/images/Z9ojwwnGXB5LnDAsx6PRLOtvDN0kd73XozlhLeLp.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072037/images/sVL42Jz3tl6EXsBjx2OPVjw0PK6rycaoip0isIS8.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["vi"],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2072_037_20200813004500_01_1597248273","onair":1597247100000,"vod_to":1707663540000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan's Top Inventions_Automatic Thread Trimming Sewing Machines;en,001;2072-037-2020;","title":"Japan's Top Inventions","title_clean":"Japan's Top Inventions","sub_title":"Automatic Thread Trimming Sewing Machines","sub_title_clean":"Automatic Thread Trimming Sewing Machines","description":"The behind-the-scenes tales of hit products and creations from Japan: this is Japan's Top Inventions. This time, a product used and loved in garment factories worldwide: automatic thread trimming sewing machines. Just press a foot pedal, and the threads attached to stitched pieces of cloth are automatically cut. From high-end brands to fast fashion, these machines are used by garment makers around the world. This time, we dive into the little-known story behind their invention.","description_clean":"The behind-the-scenes tales of hit products and creations from Japan: this is Japan's Top Inventions. This time, a product used and loved in garment factories worldwide: automatic thread trimming sewing machines. Just press a foot pedal, and the threads attached to stitched pieces of cloth are automatically cut. From high-end brands to fast fashion, these machines are used by garment makers around the world. This time, we dive into the little-known story behind their invention.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072037/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1046,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"topinventions","pgm_id":"2072","pgm_no":"036","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072036/images/IkldHs0lDfe73d5gyEBaCXHLyIsBivp9icrTfgen.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072036/images/zyEuyJa0Ol0tf7QFnfPoaBK5hey7plhEgYvtdw7j.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072036/images/fqHJ8cFEEaycdGhgfRPRY19OHTgJc47PVYpjBuKn.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["vi"],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2072_036_20200723004500_01_1595433892","onair":1595432700000,"vod_to":1707663540000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan's Top Inventions_Surgical Microscope Stand;en,001;2072-036-2020;","title":"Japan's Top Inventions","title_clean":"Japan's Top Inventions","sub_title":"Surgical Microscope Stand","sub_title_clean":"Surgical Microscope Stand","description":"The behind-the-scenes tales of hit products and creations from Japan: this is Japan's Top Inventions. This time, a surgical microscope stand used in neurosurgery. Invented by an optics company in Tokyo, it features a unique piece of tech which keeps the microscope in focus even when it moves. Discover the little-known story behind this invention, partially inspired by equipment used to observe outer space!","description_clean":"The behind-the-scenes tales of hit products and creations from Japan: this is Japan's Top Inventions. This time, a surgical microscope stand used in neurosurgery. Invented by an optics company in Tokyo, it features a unique piece of tech which keeps the microscope in focus even when it moves. Discover the little-known story behind this invention, partially inspired by equipment used to observe outer space!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072036/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"timetide","pgm_id":"3022","pgm_no":"021","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022021/images/LgGjoXVuzzWqgVWiv6X8Yx1HIrAhbsyjEx3XXMh1.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022021/images/7c1LHstz191odmgKwG8Fe69B25HBKH4H4KwDrZ3H.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022021/images/1R0Dy94KlAPkGAUrEDPEnmxV6ovkPucTtH3BYmWn.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["es"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"02_nw_vod_v_en_3022_021_20230211131000_01_1676254682","onair":1676088600000,"vod_to":1707663540000,"movie_lengh":"44:00","movie_duration":2640,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Time and Tide_Another Story: \"SUKIYAKI\" - Behind Japan's No. 1 US Hit;en,001;3022-021-2023;","title":"Time and Tide","title_clean":"Time and Tide","sub_title":"Another Story: \"SUKIYAKI\" - Behind Japan's No. 1 US Hit","sub_title_clean":"Another Story: \"SUKIYAKI\" - Behind Japan's No. 1 US Hit","description":"Sakamoto Kyu's famous song \"Ue wo Muite Arukō\" a big hit in the U.S. despite being sung in Japanese, reached No. 1 in the U.S. in 1963. 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How did this song change the destiny of Sakamoto Kyu and his own tumultuous life, and how did he meet A Taste of Honey, who covered \"SUKIYAKI\" and made it a big hit?","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022021/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":29,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["music"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"danko","pgm_id":"6039","pgm_no":"011","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039011/images/pllZajSuGRxouRkQNVQo5wfRGI2icPKdQWuAhlIg.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039011/images/UkROQxghI5GsEBa2n2o8UyNoeoLQoK7IoIVUIsxo.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039011/images/Vq1AMffoMaPa9C8A2DDhanbDhBg0PT75SodOzoOt.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6039_011_20211127125500_01_1637985713","onair":1637985300000,"vod_to":1707663540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Danko&Danta, Cardboard Craft Creations!_Toilet;en,001;6039-011-2021;","title":"Danko&Danta, Cardboard Craft Creations!","title_clean":"Danko&Danta, Cardboard Craft Creations!","sub_title":"Toilet","sub_title_clean":"Toilet","description":"Cardboard girl Danko, her friend Danta and craft master Mr. Snips team up to make toys out of cardboard. Danko's request for her very own toilet leads to a cardboard transformation! This super cute creation looks just like the real thing.

Hints to make it yourself are available at https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/danko/20230211/6039011/.","description_clean":"Cardboard girl Danko, her friend Danta and craft master Mr. Snips team up to make toys out of cardboard. Danko's request for her very own toilet leads to a cardboard transformation! This super cute creation looks just like the real thing. 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Educational theme: Alertness for safety.","description_clean":"A strange old woman asks Rockie to look for an apple she has lost. When Rockie finds it, the woman rewards her with an apple curiously resembling a mushroom, and Rockie lets her buddy Shelly eat it. Educational theme: Alertness for safety.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034007/","category":[20,30],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"new_gankochan","pgm_id":"4034","pgm_no":"006","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034006/images/ai4yG70T8VKBMYjDwmEK6K0IupCy66RY2sPFl7gP.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034006/images/qsoti1TkkFvYN6n1piX9hzvEio3QYFwTAWp9Rvue.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034006/images/PKLyIjjDcxwuHnonuyQmycZVZLgLDWOv6neMwqEb.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4034_006_20230211081000_01_1676071397","onair":1676070600000,"vod_to":1707663540000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends_Rockie Goes to the Palace Ball;en,001;4034-006-2023;","title":"The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends","title_clean":"The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends","sub_title":"Rockie Goes to the Palace Ball","sub_title_clean":"Rockie Goes to the Palace Ball","description":"The hall for the palace ball is in a hopeless mess, and the prince is just about to give up preparing for the ball when Rockie wanders in.

Educational theme: The value of labor and providing one's labor for others.","description_clean":"The hall for the palace ball is in a hopeless mess, and the prince is just about to give up preparing for the ball when Rockie wanders in. 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Sweet potatoes are widely grown and enjoyed in Japan. They're baked, fried, served in stews and used to make desserts. Throughout history, they have offered a solution to food shortages. And nowadays, they can even help to keep a building cool in summer. Our guest, researcher Hashimoto Ayuki, introduces us to new ways of enjoying this versatile vegetable. And in Plus One, we see some innovative takes on mobile baked potato sales.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on February 9, 2023.Sweet potatoes are widely grown and enjoyed in Japan. They're baked, fried, served in stews and used to make desserts. Throughout history, they have offered a solution to food shortages. And nowadays, they can even help to keep a building cool in summer. Our guest, researcher Hashimoto Ayuki, introduces us to new ways of enjoying this versatile vegetable. And in Plus One, we see some innovative takes on mobile baked potato sales.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032282/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":243,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"designtalksplus","pgm_id":"2046","pgm_no":"185","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046185/images/L28wbwBKG1ust4hAFxWtnklM8xE2IDO75x5Jr08z.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046185/images/ZtLjHYIuV0pF0LeBrdrkOeaCjZmdr9jW3yTAcWFL.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046185/images/u3zGFTMijauSe56evUlAWF21NiSp7E9zHjmUeF7m.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2046_185_20230209103000_01_1675908320","onair":1675906200000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;DESIGN TALKS plus_Future of Local Textiles;en,001;2046-185-2023;","title":"DESIGN TALKS plus","title_clean":"DESIGN TALKS plus","sub_title":"Future of Local Textiles","sub_title_clean":"Future of Local Textiles","description":"Fujiyoshida in Yamanashi Prefecture is a textile town benefiting from clean water from Mt. Fuji. In 2022, it held FUJI TEXTILE WEEK, a paean to the art of fabric. Artists from Japan and abroad collaborated with local textile makers to explore the potential of textile design through exhibits all around the town. Explore how this town is preparing to support its local industry into the future!","description_clean":"Fujiyoshida in Yamanashi Prefecture is a textile town benefiting from clean water from Mt. Fuji. In 2022, it held FUJI TEXTILE WEEK, a paean to the art of fabric. Artists from Japan and abroad collaborated with local textile makers to explore the potential of textile design through exhibits all around the town. Explore how this town is preparing to support its local industry into the future!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046185/","category":[19],"mostwatch_ranking":883,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"new_gankochan","pgm_id":"4034","pgm_no":"004","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034004/images/xv7Vg0wIItLnjDGBe2pQjXxUuyag5nwyAN2BXN2P.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034004/images/LWxtp3AhQEnXi2jh4jYGClq9RtIF0cXNP2W7gRT2.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034004/images/eEy5aPmQJvEx7z5iC9p4gKfevdhjrxqzMd3gCKHH.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4034_004_20230209081500_01_1675898964","onair":1675898100000,"vod_to":1707490740000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends_Curly Climbs the Treasure Tree;en,001;4034-004-2023;","title":"The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends","title_clean":"The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends","sub_title":"Curly Climbs the Treasure Tree","sub_title_clean":"Curly Climbs the Treasure Tree","description":"Curly, an avid collector of treasures, wanders into picture-book land seeking more treasures to add to his collection.

Educational theme: Keeping routines and maintaining orderly life.","description_clean":"Curly, an avid collector of treasures, wanders into picture-book land seeking more treasures to add to his collection. 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","sub_title_clean":"","description":"The manga and anime series Attack on Titan has become an international hit. This program offers exclusive interviews with its creator, Hajime Isayama. Where did the idea for the symbolic \"Wall,\" which figures so prominently, come from? How does Hajime feel about his debut series becoming such a huge success? What role does his hometown of Hita in Oita Prefecture play in his creative process? These and other questions about the background of this manga masterpiece are answered!","description_clean":"The manga and anime series Attack on Titan has become an international hit. This program offers exclusive interviews with its creator, Hajime Isayama. Where did the idea for the symbolic \"Wall,\" which figures so prominently, come from? How does Hajime feel about his debut series becoming such a huge success? What role does his hometown of Hita in Oita Prefecture play in his creative process? These and other questions about the background of this manga masterpiece are answered!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3021019/","category":[19,16],"mostwatch_ranking":345,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3021-020"}],"tags":["am_spotlight","oita"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"new_gankochan","pgm_id":"4034","pgm_no":"003","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034003/images/mWTq7NYkWgAPxIt61S3zys7PkZEpeI4HY4J62aX1.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034003/images/HIuJXjEL3aHKY3XKSlTcPutcjgTTDVVOjQ98TcIj.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4034003/images/KFeY1gw02spCrUOg4ZeE389wcRPYIEab0eQfK1G0.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4034_003_20230208081500_01_1675812574","onair":1675811700000,"vod_to":1707404340000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends_The Search for Puckoo's Scales;en,001;4034-003-2023;","title":"The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends","title_clean":"The New Adventures of Rockie and Her Friends","sub_title":"The Search for Puckoo's Scales","sub_title_clean":"The Search for Puckoo's Scales","description":"Rockie returns from picture-book land with a mysterious fish scale in her hand. The school principal identifies it to be a scale of the mythical multi-colored fish Puckoo.

Educational theme: Distinction between right and wrong.","description_clean":"Rockie returns from picture-book land with a mysterious fish scale in her hand. The school principal identifies it to be a scale of the mythical multi-colored fish Puckoo. 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Great egrets and other birds come to hunt for the sweetfish as they rush to leave their offspring. And some unexpected enemies also come after the eggs. Visit Kaifu River in autumn to see life in action.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101089/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["tokushima"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"160","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054160/images/ubZajNSQtnxMAiaEAGTxVPPWTWwMA3khudr3tHJD.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054160/images/HtRg7S4IzswPHvSwax7l9OqhsozBe2qi22yeDoGO.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054160/images/XFfUv7PZ9TK8nyvFfX8Ly3W8t4ZAuL1t1he5IdKw.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["fr","pt","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2054_160_20230125233000_01_1674659123","onair":1674657000000,"vod_to":1769353140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_SHIITAKE;en,001;2054-160-2023;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"SHIITAKE","sub_title_clean":"SHIITAKE","description":"Shiitake — the star Japanese mushroom known for its strong umami. 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(Reporter: Janni Olsson)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054160/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":554,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"rising","pgm_id":"2042","pgm_no":"136","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042136/images/tHHiQLCo9UuLGeFs1t2YBsjtTbHUKSw6lR7tQAtl.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042136/images/xJ7wWEVJxN6V8aN2J9yjn4mTBwnZibSsOYgRiODH.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042136/images/ACgmd9daCKroxN1hZ7LZwMdQwjODKDAyiyjKARwO.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2042_136_20230125113000_01_1674615928","onair":1674613800000,"vod_to":1737817140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;RISING_A New Lease of Life for Infirm Animals: Veterinary Prosthetics Pioneer - Shimada Akio;en,001;2042-136-2023;","title":"RISING","title_clean":"RISING","sub_title":"A New Lease of Life for Infirm Animals: Veterinary Prosthetics Pioneer - Shimada Akio","sub_title_clean":"A New Lease of Life for Infirm Animals: Veterinary Prosthetics Pioneer - Shimada Akio","description":"Around the world, cats, dogs, and other pets are an integral part of many families. But while improvements to diet and veterinary care have brought increased lifespans, they have also seen an increase in health conditions that affect elderly pets. Shimada Akio is Japan's first veterinary prosthetist, pioneering custom prosthetics and rehabilitation schemes that preserve quality of life for animals who would once have been beyond help, including pets, wild animals, and zoo residents.","description_clean":"Around the world, cats, dogs, and other pets are an integral part of many families. But while improvements to diet and veterinary care have brought increased lifespans, they have also seen an increase in health conditions that affect elderly pets. Shimada Akio is Japan's first veterinary prosthetist, pioneering custom prosthetics and rehabilitation schemes that preserve quality of life for animals who would once have been beyond help, including pets, wild animals, and zoo residents.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042136/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript","animals"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ninjatruth","pgm_id":"3019","pgm_no":"180","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019180/images/AXOMnU12w6aav2Z0YF9FynMHO4DuWtLXZlHCblFB.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019180/images/wDOHBBmmIGZDmZqRKNgMW5XINXt1TlNL4buxuRPg.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019180/images/unwwerz7s7sj8K3pPqm6D3DGe3NiL0pSrrUfsOHi.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3019_180_20230125103000_01_1674611385","onair":1674610200000,"vod_to":1706194740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NINJA TRUTH_Episode 23: THE LAST NINJA;en,001;3019-180-2023;","title":"NINJA TRUTH","title_clean":"NINJA TRUTH","sub_title":"Episode 23: THE LAST NINJA","sub_title_clean":"Episode 23: THE LAST NINJA","description":"Two men have been called \"the last ninja.\" The first is Fujita Seiko, who lived over a hundred years ago. Introducing himself as the last ninja, he held demonstrations throughout Japan and researched ninja arts. Going over footage of Fujita, we discuss the principles he taught. The second is Kawakami Jinichi, who is still alive today. We introduce the training he's continued for over sixty years and scientifically analyze a ninja breathing technique called \"okinaga\" to determine its effect.","description_clean":"Two men have been called \"the last ninja.\" The first is Fujita Seiko, who lived over a hundred years ago. Introducing himself as the last ninja, he held demonstrations throughout Japan and researched ninja arts. Going over footage of Fujita, we discuss the principles he taught. The second is Kawakami Jinichi, who is still alive today. We introduce the training he's continued for over sixty years and scientifically analyze a ninja breathing technique called \"okinaga\" to determine its effect.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019180/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":672,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["ninja"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"fsjapan","pgm_id":"6101","pgm_no":"088","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101088/images/DSlwDFr6aHhbhVGq51tiA6u0Xu0kWEuzyLVQtAq6.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101088/images/Q9wTPSXVZjxqpd25nsj0DFbSQ8y7ImCQ8BjNpe4M.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101088/images/a4C1DVt5PTlJ9YjQuRRN8SHMFA7HRsljoiqdgwUq.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6101_088_20230125081500_01_1674602890","onair":1674602100000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Four Seasons in Japan_Mt. Daisen, Tottori Prefecture;en,001;6101-088-2023;","title":"Four Seasons in Japan","title_clean":"Four Seasons in Japan","sub_title":"Mt. Daisen, Tottori Prefecture","sub_title_clean":"Mt. Daisen, Tottori Prefecture","description":"Mt. Daisen in Tottori Prefecture towers over the Sea of Japan. It stands at 1,729 meters, and its mountainside has a wide-reaching Japanese beech tree forest. In late October, the trees turn beautiful colors and produce berries and seeds. All kinds of birds come to feast on this bounty. Bramblings fly down from Siberia and other regions. Varied tits store seeds to prepare for winter. Northern goshawks target these birds. Take a closer look at the fascinating life on Mt. Daisen in the busy autumn season.","description_clean":"Mt. Daisen in Tottori Prefecture towers over the Sea of Japan. It stands at 1,729 meters, and its mountainside has a wide-reaching Japanese beech tree forest. In late October, the trees turn beautiful colors and produce berries and seeds. All kinds of birds come to feast on this bounty. Bramblings fly down from Siberia and other regions. Varied tits store seeds to prepare for winter. Northern goshawks target these birds. Take a closer look at the fascinating life on Mt. Daisen in the busy autumn season.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101088/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":1324,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["tottori"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"scienceview","pgm_id":"2015","pgm_no":"251","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015251/images/S8sur0yWZhrcQHr1Ex0qZQHCGUITBCjZZdMw2Dx7.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015251/images/8mVrw2Gk5l6IU6TeEuflFR7wDnWWVVQWZomYvmTl.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015251/images/HVOx0jb2SKolDMaPslWuGnuFK7H1XNr8UA3YXupe.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2015_251_20230124233000_01_1674572685","onair":1611070200000,"vod_to":1706108340000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Science View_Slow Slip Earthquakes;en,001;2015-251-2021;","title":"Science View","title_clean":"Science View","sub_title":"Slow Slip Earthquakes","sub_title_clean":"Slow Slip Earthquakes","description":"New research on imperceptibly low-energy earthquakes known as \"slow slips\" has revealed some surprising longer-term patterns in the seismic activity leading up to devastating earthquakes. This episode explains how slow slips occur, the patterns they display, and recent technology that allows GPS measurements of them from underwater seismic monitoring stations directly on the tectonic plate involved.

[J-Innovators]
Quake-resistant Pipe Retrofittings","description_clean":"New research on imperceptibly low-energy earthquakes known as \"slow slips\" has revealed some surprising longer-term patterns in the seismic activity leading up to devastating earthquakes. This episode explains how slow slips occur, the patterns they display, and recent technology that allows GPS measurements of them from underwater seismic monitoring stations directly on the tectonic plate involved.[J-Innovators]Quake-resistant Pipe Retrofittings","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015251/","category":[14,23],"mostwatch_ranking":1324,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[{"title":"","start_time":22,"image_path":null}],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"342","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019342/images/b2NB6VqSMCSVAhWZLeR8JAOv3y2iIwCRuv5yC7Eg.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019342/images/Zb3Lfyq1AvdsQesibz0e6lXjiLORBYspDrnhSlc8.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019342/images/sVp4J3jeIjOOYtm17vmDDWGqqDq29JLZ1vdsUFxE.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_342_20230124103000_01_1674525887","onair":1674523800000,"vod_to":1769266740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Authentic Japanese Cooking: Udon in Egg-drop Soup;en,001;2019-342-2023;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Authentic Japanese Cooking: Udon in Egg-drop Soup","sub_title_clean":"Authentic Japanese Cooking: Udon in Egg-drop Soup","description":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Udon in Egg-drop Soup (2) Salmon with Tofu Wasabi Dressing.

The recipes are available at https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/dining/20230124/2019342/.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Udon in Egg-drop Soup (2) Salmon with Tofu Wasabi Dressing. The recipes are available at https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/dining/20230124/2019342/.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019342/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":641,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"fsjapan","pgm_id":"6101","pgm_no":"087","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101087/images/8GyivkBAHiSvdxwwlvobqTKxvZrfX8nl7f85I35i.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101087/images/ezDg1nQYb1O5KME1OiIB8mrnqCx4gUzkEmgMYMRh.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101087/images/Fvzl4NiTPZmBEn26dnW3a7O9WnMakFEv8DFPty7v.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6101_087_20230124081500_01_1674516486","onair":1674515700000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Four Seasons in Japan_The Satoyama of Nose, Osaka Prefecture;en,001;6101-087-2023;","title":"Four Seasons in Japan","title_clean":"Four Seasons in Japan","sub_title":"The Satoyama of Nose, Osaka Prefecture","sub_title_clean":"The Satoyama of Nose, Osaka Prefecture","description":"Nose Town is located about 30 kilometers north of central Osaka. With terraced rice fields and villages surrounded by groves of trees, the satoyama landscape from long ago is interwoven with the people's lives. In a part of a village, a huge Japanese zelkova tree that's over 1,000 years old provides a place for owls to raise their young. In early summer, butterflies such as the zephyrus relative known as the \"jewel of the forest\" flutter about the trees in the surrounding mountains. Local residents work to protect the butterfly paradise. Take a closer look at the diverse workings of life in the satoyama foothills near Osaka.","description_clean":"Nose Town is located about 30 kilometers north of central Osaka. With terraced rice fields and villages surrounded by groves of trees, the satoyama landscape from long ago is interwoven with the people's lives. In a part of a village, a huge Japanese zelkova tree that's over 1,000 years old provides a place for owls to raise their young. In early summer, butterflies such as the zephyrus relative known as the \"jewel of the forest\" flutter about the trees in the surrounding mountains. Local residents work to protect the butterfly paradise. Take a closer look at the diverse workings of life in the satoyama foothills near Osaka.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101087/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":1046,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["osaka"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"medicalfrontiers","pgm_id":"2050","pgm_no":"137","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2050137/images/riH7VhaCRrJEtDLWB3esYGTynFjI9fB2KiGLIexQ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2050137/images/F1dWo44UX32lcgqkL6xueNh6jWR5FjeGLAvflvWo.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2050137/images/m2icmp3rQ36U2eTWNAipNEqNQFKa5fr39w2pA68Z.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2050_137_20230123233000_01_1674486294","onair":1674484200000,"vod_to":1706021940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Medical Frontiers_How the Muscles Prevent Disease;en,001;2050-137-2023;","title":"Medical Frontiers","title_clean":"Medical Frontiers","sub_title":"How the Muscles Prevent Disease","sub_title_clean":"How the Muscles Prevent Disease","description":"In Japan, researchers have found that inactive, underweight people are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. A mouse experiment showed that just one day of no exercise results in a higher blood glucose level. Researchers have also confirmed that after exercise, the muscles release a substance that suppresses colon cancer. We introduce the latest findings on the relationship between the muscles and disease.","description_clean":"In Japan, researchers have found that inactive, underweight people are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. A mouse experiment showed that just one day of no exercise results in a higher blood glucose level. Researchers have also confirmed that after exercise, the muscles release a substance that suppresses colon cancer. We introduce the latest findings on the relationship between the muscles and disease.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2050137/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":240,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ljfn","pgm_id":"2097","pgm_no":"021","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2097021/images/54RLfI6nLWRzTuJm4nXwNI9JkFZS9Ck9YC7sKFhH.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2097021/images/qPSHYGUSBuoAK7y3W5wNz5UWvmrt8WDurs5g5J7U.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2097021/images/h80fjEUofKlR33070ytSUaSr9tP2LEei8Bh6ccEm.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["vi","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2097_021_20230123103000_01_1674438265","onair":1674437400000,"vod_to":1706021940000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Learn Japanese from the News_Safety Tips for Driving in Snowy Conditions;en,001;2097-021-2023;","title":"Learn Japanese from the News","title_clean":"Learn Japanese from the News","sub_title":"Safety Tips for Driving in Snowy Conditions","sub_title_clean":"Safety Tips for Driving in Snowy Conditions","description":"Last month (December 2022) record snowfall blanketed Niigata Prefecture, leaving hundreds of cars stranded. Join us as we listen to a story in simplified Japanese about driving safely in wintry conditions. We highlight everyday Japanese terms related to snow, and learn about how to prepare for winter weather hazards, providing helpful information for overseas travelers not accustomed to snow and international residents living in vulnerable urban areas.","description_clean":"Last month (December 2022) record snowfall blanketed Niigata Prefecture, leaving hundreds of cars stranded. Join us as we listen to a story in simplified Japanese about driving safely in wintry conditions. We highlight everyday Japanese terms related to snow, and learn about how to prepare for winter weather hazards, providing helpful information for overseas travelers not accustomed to snow and international residents living in vulnerable urban areas.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2097021/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"callhome","pgm_id":"2087","pgm_no":"086","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2087086/images/o6VgMWGA9iAYsj21sIlUXTjuUCrd155SIVJj1Nrv.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2087086/images/kf7viaMxjoiIqrwDFfmtE0Ikxx4HpMzteivgvlHK.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2087086/images/ox3zVYoL5tCNLWeSwxoY7NB1Mz6UGgsXgM5dCPpo.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2087_086_20230123093000_01_1674435844","onair":1674433800000,"vod_to":1706021940000,"movie_lengh":"27:00","movie_duration":1620,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Where We Call Home_Hunting with Reverence for Life and Nature;en,001;2087-086-2023;","title":"Where We Call Home","title_clean":"Where We Call Home","sub_title":"Hunting with Reverence for Life and Nature","sub_title_clean":"Hunting with Reverence for Life and Nature","description":"This time, we venture into the forested mountains of Miyazaki Prefecture to meet aspiring hunter Antonia Schult from Germany. Working to help restore the balance between humans and nature and stop wildlife from damaging crops, Antonia and her senior hunters pay respect to every life they take, as according to Japanese hunting philosophy, animals are precious blessings from the gods. We also visit Italian Tommaso Puntelli, a craftsman who's been repairing violins in Tokyo for fourteen years.","description_clean":"This time, we venture into the forested mountains of Miyazaki Prefecture to meet aspiring hunter Antonia Schult from Germany. Working to help restore the balance between humans and nature and stop wildlife from damaging crops, Antonia and her senior hunters pay respect to every life they take, as according to Japanese hunting philosophy, animals are precious blessings from the gods. We also visit Italian Tommaso Puntelli, a craftsman who's been repairing violins in Tokyo for fourteen years.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2087086/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":883,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"fsjapan","pgm_id":"6101","pgm_no":"086","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101086/images/ITAwmHVUK4x06Fr4jorYndagJcSME6Jm643SCHIz.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101086/images/DijX8Qw2CkdAUbYcIIWSj0RL7DRcUD5a6i5V6AF2.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101086/images/YmcdjO4cWvztpxEdyzfj3r4z7YpsJEZUDyF7Zcfs.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6101_086_20230123081000_01_1674429782","onair":1674429000000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Four Seasons in Japan_Hegura Island, Noto Peninsula;en,001;6101-086-2023;","title":"Four Seasons in Japan","title_clean":"Four Seasons in Japan","sub_title":"Hegura Island, Noto Peninsula","sub_title_clean":"Hegura Island, Noto Peninsula","description":"Hegura Island is a lone island off the Noto Peninsula in the Sea of Japan. Each autumn, it welcomes a wide variety of migratory birds. They come to Hegura to rest their wings on their way from Siberia and other northern lands to wintering grounds such as Japan and southern Asia. Greater white-fronted geese search for food in the rocks near the coast. Common kestrels stop to hunt for their insect prey. Japanese bush warblers wash the dirt off their wings in puddles. The blessings of the island give the birds fuel to continue their journeys. This is a look at the activities of migratory birds as they come and go on this small island.","description_clean":"Hegura Island is a lone island off the Noto Peninsula in the Sea of Japan. Each autumn, it welcomes a wide variety of migratory birds. They come to Hegura to rest their wings on their way from Siberia and other northern lands to wintering grounds such as Japan and southern Asia. Greater white-fronted geese search for food in the rocks near the coast. Common kestrels stop to hunt for their insect prey. 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Oriental reed warblers rest in the grasslands near the shore while Narcissus flycatchers and Asian brown flycatchers hunt for insects in the forest that covers the center of the island. Many of these birds are migrating from southern lands on the Asian continent to breeding grounds in the north. Others, like the house martin, raise their young on the island itself. They must always be mindful of peregrine falcons that threaten their young from above.","description_clean":"Lying off the coast of Fukui Prefecture, tiny Oshima Island comes alive with birdlife in the early summer. Oriental reed warblers rest in the grasslands near the shore while Narcissus flycatchers and Asian brown flycatchers hunt for insects in the forest that covers the center of the island. Many of these birds are migrating from southern lands on the Asian continent to breeding grounds in the north. Others, like the house martin, raise their young on the island itself. They must always be mindful of peregrine falcons that threaten their young from above.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101085/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["fukui"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"drama_kiriko","pgm_id":"5011","pgm_no":"041","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011041/images/mSDlJNnbKdKZWt2lOUd309F70cEYVEUgILYMUDm2.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011041/images/bLMSsUqT8WvfJaQlBzA8WTJi5Z86vGNE1YeZXsNI.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011041/images/BZFA8Jme7gnOuZQV1fSzDtAmfCf3DA7vziXhYh70.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5011_041_20230122211000_01_1674393104","onair":1674389400000,"vod_to":1705935540000,"movie_lengh":"50:00","movie_duration":3000,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Kiriko's Crime Diary_Episode 2: Bad People Shall Be Punished (Subtitled ver.);en,001;5011-041-2023;","title":"Kiriko's Crime Diary","title_clean":"Kiriko's Crime Diary","sub_title":"Episode 2: Bad People Shall Be Punished (Subtitled ver.)","sub_title_clean":"Episode 2: Bad People Shall Be Punished (Subtitled ver.)","description":"Kiriko, in her \"prison challenge,\" sets her sights on robbery. 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She searches the safe and other likely hiding places for the money, but during her unsuccessful attempts she ends up inadvertently capturing another thief who had come to raid the office, and getting thanked by Kazuo. Will she ultimately consummate her planned theft?","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011041/","category":[26,21],"mostwatch_ranking":116,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["drama_showcase"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"somewhere","pgm_id":"4017","pgm_no":"124","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4017124/images/vGLFDqYvZJVGg3ENnPauFsD3bX2rLXstn1HOK1R3.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4017124/images/REvTuFJT752oAJ0eAZqXVfa4d60YZRpcCb9q14qG.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4017124/images/yylXORHAKMgVlyUWTxOtg8yOyapsgJziBK6n0vwL.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4017_124_20220828131000_01_1661663199","onair":1661659800000,"vod_to":1693234740000,"movie_lengh":"48:45","movie_duration":2925,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Somewhere Street_Prague, the Czech Republic;en,001;4017-124-2022;","title":"Somewhere Street","title_clean":"Somewhere Street","sub_title":"Prague, the Czech Republic","sub_title_clean":"Prague, the Czech Republic","description":"Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic. It's a city with a past that is rich in culture and history. Located in the center of Europe, it developed as a major trade and transportation center. During World War II, the city was not hit by any massive air raids, so a mix of architectural styles from different eras still remain in the city, including the Charles Bridge and Prague Castle. Some consider it a \"museum of architecture.\" Prague's Old Town is a World Heritage Site.","description_clean":"Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic. It's a city with a past that is rich in culture and history. Located in the center of Europe, it developed as a major trade and transportation center. During World War II, the city was not hit by any massive air raids, so a mix of architectural styles from different eras still remain in the city, including the Charles Bridge and Prague Castle. Some consider it a \"museum of architecture.\" Prague's Old Town is a World Heritage Site.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4017124/","category":[18],"mostwatch_ranking":641,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"drama_kiriko","pgm_id":"5011","pgm_no":"036","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011036/images/NCbAUztVpkCpS828GKKQ7qb9NsDXGX5OmsxcHObg.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011036/images/wfH5ujH2PRVojBfH2SQAkOvUeIP5mDM2UwkaCH8O.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011036/images/JxWINv87kOpiUasYTdeX9PbCJoekA51NSPZFV2ce.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5011_036_20230122151000_01_1674371442","onair":1674367800000,"vod_to":1705935540000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Kiriko's Crime Diary_Episode 2: Bad People Shall Be Punished (Dubbed ver.);en,001;5011-036-2023;","title":"Kiriko's Crime Diary","title_clean":"Kiriko's Crime Diary","sub_title":"Episode 2: Bad People Shall Be Punished (Dubbed ver.)","sub_title_clean":"Episode 2: Bad People Shall Be Punished (Dubbed ver.)","description":"Kiriko, in her \"prison challenge,\" sets her sights on robbery. She infiltrates the office of black-market money lender Terada Kazuo by offering to work there as a cleaner, thinking that stealing the big amount of cash stashed there and getting arrested would send her to prison. She searches the safe and other likely hiding places for the money, but during her unsuccessful attempts she ends up inadvertently capturing another thief who had come to raid the office, and getting thanked by Kazuo. Will she ultimately consummate her planned theft?","description_clean":"Kiriko, in her \"prison challenge,\" sets her sights on robbery. She infiltrates the office of black-market money lender Terada Kazuo by offering to work there as a cleaner, thinking that stealing the big amount of cash stashed there and getting arrested would send her to prison. She searches the safe and other likely hiding places for the money, but during her unsuccessful attempts she ends up inadvertently capturing another thief who had come to raid the office, and getting thanked by Kazuo. Will she ultimately consummate her planned theft?","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011036/","category":[26,21],"mostwatch_ranking":145,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["drama_showcase"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"fsjapan","pgm_id":"6101","pgm_no":"084","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101084/images/bWZmmdv1iRJq1MJGiXnGqsUro2EYqwde1dlikrEn.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101084/images/8NbbqSIEf0fK3Dthp0MfkmiULQudGhdYR8fm7xN2.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101084/images/ze2bK2M5MMQ2K3oFCFvMReeROsa33Zq64ite3d4M.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6101_084_20230122131000_01_1674361396","onair":1674360600000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Four Seasons in Japan_Mt. 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Many birds can be found during the summer months, including rock ptarmigans that inhabit the rocky moraine and Japanese accentors that raise their young under low-growing Siberian dwarf pines.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6101084/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"facetoface","pgm_id":"2043","pgm_no":"067","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2043067/images/dnFhK7uC95ILHXRiW342FR2haNzwNqpemfgPtDgn.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2043067/images/xxdTUNvQrx8N2SXiLcfbvxkXLQ1rzds4qhB1OV9J.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2043067/images/EQ0oODtB7sC7TljlUp9yrwHqr6hhN7nFvkynKz81.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2043_067_20210530111000_01_1622342740","onair":1622340600000,"vod_to":1705935540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Face To Face_Picture Books Need No Conclusion;en,001;2043-067-2021;","title":"Face To Face","title_clean":"Face To Face","sub_title":"Picture Books Need No Conclusion","sub_title_clean":"Picture Books Need No Conclusion","description":"Gomi's picture books are free of both moral stories and definite conclusions. He is content to leave the interpretation up to his readers. Rather than presenting a clear plot or conclusion, he wants his works to stir emotions. Therefore, he does not believe in educating children through picture books. He believes that the responsibility of adults is to watch over children, not nurture them. We will take a closer look at the philosophy of this unconventional, free-spirited picture book author.","description_clean":"Gomi's picture books are free of both moral stories and definite conclusions. He is content to leave the interpretation up to his readers. Rather than presenting a clear plot or conclusion, he wants his works to stir emotions. Therefore, he does not believe in educating children through picture books. He believes that the responsibility of adults is to watch over children, not nurture them. We will take a closer look at the philosophy of this unconventional, free-spirited picture book author.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2043067/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hometown","pgm_id":"5003","pgm_no":"218","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003218/images/dfTagdcbRrpuYFf48QBZvK962uQMiEpfNWRWzugP.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003218/images/lN0wr4kH2GdcDQkvR1fcvuF89x7ZKdbubTFB8ARJ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003218/images/fKSxQPWcWVaDcCd1VpwjeUmvdgoqk5xHDry6yF5J.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5003_218_20230122101000_01_1674456280","onair":1674349800000,"vod_to":1737557940000,"movie_lengh":"50:00","movie_duration":3000,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Hometown Stories_Magical Forest: Okinawa's Natural World Heritage Site;en,001;5003-218-2023;","title":"Hometown Stories","title_clean":"Hometown Stories","sub_title":"Magical Forest: Okinawa's Natural World Heritage Site","sub_title_clean":"Magical Forest: Okinawa's Natural World Heritage Site","description":"Yambaru in the north of Okinawa Island was registered as a UNESCO Natural World Heritage site in July 2021. Its forests are home to numerous indigenous species such as the Okinawa rail, a flightless bird, and the Okinawa Ishikawa's frog, arguably the most beautiful frog in Japan. Since ancient times, the forest has supported people's lives and they've protected the forest in return. Now that the forest has natural heritage site status, tourist numbers are likely to rise. We'll find out how Yambaru's forest with its rare ecosystem and vast diversity can be preserved and passed down to future generations.","description_clean":"Yambaru in the north of Okinawa Island was registered as a UNESCO Natural World Heritage site in July 2021. Its forests are home to numerous indigenous species such as the Okinawa rail, a flightless bird, and the Okinawa Ishikawa's frog, arguably the most beautiful frog in Japan. Since ancient times, the forest has supported people's lives and they've protected the forest in return. Now that the forest has natural heritage site status, tourist numbers are likely to rise. We'll find out how Yambaru's forest with its rare ecosystem and vast diversity can be preserved and passed down to future generations.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003218/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1046,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"documentary","pgm_id":"4001","pgm_no":"419","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001419/images/Tpc0hWcWGGTTiiuEpm24sFVTiTSgKDDdFD3JvN6U.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001419/images/98vnr25fGojMmFZLDePd3BOo2Sop0zmrw7ifXsI0.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001419/images/j8lZWqPZUg2G6Vxdtb1iH1156a5knXwBMU9414Ni.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4001_419_20230122001000_01_1674317609","onair":1674313800000,"vod_to":1705935540000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NHK Documentary_Hong Kong's Changing Tides: Freedom and Democracy in High Water;en,001;4001-419-2023;","title":"NHK Documentary","title_clean":"NHK Documentary","sub_title":"Hong Kong's Changing Tides: Freedom and Democracy in High Water","sub_title_clean":"Hong Kong's Changing Tides: Freedom and Democracy in High Water","description":"Hong Kong has undergone drastic social and political change in just a few short years, as China's central government tightens its grip on the territory. Under Beijing's \"one country, two systems\" policy, freedom of speech and assembly had been assured, yet such rights have now been severely curtailed. Ordinary Hong Kong citizens, who just a couple of years ago took to the streets in defense of freedom and democracy, now find themselves living in a greatly altered reality. As the tide of history turns in Hong Kong, we gauge the depths of the transformation affecting every aspect of society.","description_clean":"Hong Kong has undergone drastic social and political change in just a few short years, as China's central government tightens its grip on the territory. Under Beijing's \"one country, two systems\" policy, freedom of speech and assembly had been assured, yet such rights have now been severely curtailed. Ordinary Hong Kong citizens, who just a couple of years ago took to the streets in defense of freedom and democracy, now find themselves living in a greatly altered reality. As the tide of history turns in Hong Kong, we gauge the depths of the transformation affecting every aspect of society.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001419/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1103,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bizstream","pgm_id":"2074","pgm_no":"153","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074153/images/LluSi5QFF8xPvbgJESckEc88jfRLGWyEXmBFAspm.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074153/images/0sVbfuCmr1aXLw41qftFh5VluXqX01V733ZhOJHH.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074153/images/nh3s6N3dWhpRXSEB1NYrvwY2YHzPnyLFfCppAzz1.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2074_153_20230121231000_01_1674312344","onair":1674310200000,"vod_to":1689951540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BIZ STREAM_Getting a Taste of High-End Tableware;en,001;2074-153-2023;","title":"BIZ STREAM","title_clean":"BIZ STREAM","sub_title":"Getting a Taste of High-End Tableware","sub_title_clean":"Getting a Taste of High-End Tableware","description":"This episode features a unique new Japanese tableware rental service. The concept is helping restaurants facing tight budgets while also providing a boost to an industry that has been struggling for several years.

[In Focus: China Eases Tech Crackdown with Strings Attached]
China seems to be easing its crackdown on technology companies that's been going on for two years. But is Beijing really giving up control? Or is it just pursuing a different strategy? We dig into what's really behind the latest moves.

[Global Trends: Growing Philippine Middle Class Offers Enticing Market]
The Philippine economy continues expanding at a rapid pace, supported by a growing middle class with a taste for consumption. We take a look at how Japanese businesses have set their sights on this attractive market.

*Subtitles and transcripts are available for video segments when viewed on our website.","description_clean":"This episode features a unique new Japanese tableware rental service. The concept is helping restaurants facing tight budgets while also providing a boost to an industry that has been struggling for several years.[In Focus: China Eases Tech Crackdown with Strings Attached]China seems to be easing its crackdown on technology companies that's been going on for two years. But is Beijing really giving up control? Or is it just pursuing a different strategy? We dig into what's really behind the latest moves.[Global Trends: Growing Philippine Middle Class Offers Enticing Market]The Philippine economy continues expanding at a rapid pace, supported by a growing middle class with a taste for consumption. We take a look at how Japanese businesses have set their sights on this attractive market. *Subtitles and transcripts are available for video segments when viewed on our website.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074153/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bosaiscience","pgm_id":"2090","pgm_no":"010","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090010/images/TJKf4rvnNMImYGKYJMvgXd6q25ZzUjt0Eo4RWc4V.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090010/images/Gz43QcyLyTvQxpvUbPq7QDjbbQ5YTROVYTJ508M2.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090010/images/datATOcGp7TOaODHJwhusQFGpj1cNcx912aevfCg.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2090_010_20220212144000_01_1644645561","onair":1644642600000,"vod_to":1705849140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life_#14 Soil Liquefaction;en,001;2090-010-2022;","title":"BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life","title_clean":"BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life","sub_title":"#14 Soil Liquefaction","sub_title_clean":"#14 Soil Liquefaction","description":"The Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 caused unprecedented damage. Even areas 300 kilometers away from the epicenter suffered damages beyond what was predicted. A phenomenon called soil liquefaction occurred over a large area. Some 27,000 structures sank or tilted, causing massive damage. The city of Urayasu in Chiba Prefecture was particularly affected. Surveys later revealed that the city had all the criteria for liquefaction to occur. The key was groundwater depth. Find out the mechanism of liquefaction and the latest mitigation technology.","description_clean":"The Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 caused unprecedented damage. Even areas 300 kilometers away from the epicenter suffered damages beyond what was predicted. A phenomenon called soil liquefaction occurred over a large area. Some 27,000 structures sank or tilted, causing massive damage. The city of Urayasu in Chiba Prefecture was particularly affected. Surveys later revealed that the city had all the criteria for liquefaction to occur. The key was groundwater depth. 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In the first half: the story behind needles which cause less pain during injection, developed by a Japanese company in 2005. In the second half: sports wheelchairs made by a Japanese company which have helped athletes win over 140 medals in the Paralympic events like tennis and wheelchair racing.","description_clean":"The fascinating stories and secrets behind hit Japanese products, plus parts and machines that boast the top share of niche markets. In the first half: the story behind needles which cause less pain during injection, developed by a Japanese company in 2005. In the second half: sports wheelchairs made by a Japanese company which have helped athletes win over 140 medals in the Paralympic events like tennis and wheelchair racing.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2091017/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"danko","pgm_id":"6039","pgm_no":"008","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039008/images/CIkF9pSxaF40Okf834glVyfnhjXa8UpCFg9qNHE9.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039008/images/GP4YIbER1VkKKnbi7CtgMBg7Rh0pexiwjMjScX2J.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039008/images/V9FCYN3u743cCLzSoka4rxhJb0W3qPGu96Jk7GWx.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6039_008_20211106125500_01_1636171328","onair":1636170900000,"vod_to":1705849140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Danko&Danta, Cardboard Craft Creations!_Excavator;en,001;6039-008-2021;","title":"Danko&Danta, Cardboard Craft Creations!","title_clean":"Danko&Danta, Cardboard Craft Creations!","sub_title":"Excavator","sub_title_clean":"Excavator","description":"Cardboard girl Danko, her friend Danta and craft master Mr. Snips team up to make toys out of cardboard. 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We also meet Nepali Adhikari Santosh, a car mechanic in Tokyo.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2087085/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"drama_kiriko","pgm_id":"5011","pgm_no":"035","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011035/images/VzJJXSD3c1q0QIF9bj8KQzjE3ERKambshfXEXiwJ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011035/images/44uWpezoobtHHKKXfc6sXDKGUxEtImd5wsDx0ahY.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011035/images/AQEVHmqmJFD32OOOHAJiX9VY5pHL1uHKACWfCnBu.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5011_035_20230115151000_01_1673766666","onair":1673763000000,"vod_to":1705330740000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Kiriko's Crime Diary_Episode 1: Nothing Left to Lose (Dubbed ver.);en,001;5011-035-2023;","title":"Kiriko's Crime Diary","title_clean":"Kiriko's Crime Diary","sub_title":"Episode 1: Nothing Left to Lose (Dubbed ver.)","sub_title_clean":"Episode 1: Nothing Left to Lose (Dubbed ver.)","description":"\"The place Kiriko sought to be her final abode was prison...\" ― A hilarious yet poignant account of a lonesome woman's quest for comfort in her old age ―
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Kiriko was in deep despair. Amidst her barely manageable life relying on her meager pension and part-time income, her best friend and sole source of consolation had just died, and she was suddenly facing days of emptiness. Then one day she sees on TV a man arrested for theft claiming that he had nothing left to hope for in his life, and that he had committed his crime for the purpose of going to prison. Inspired by this thought, she sets prison as her final home, and begins to search for ways to get arrested with the least amount of trouble caused to other people.","description_clean":"\"The place Kiriko sought to be her final abode was prison...\" ― A hilarious yet poignant account of a lonesome woman's quest for comfort in her old age ― Kiriko was in deep despair. Amidst her barely manageable life relying on her meager pension and part-time income, her best friend and sole source of consolation had just died, and she was suddenly facing days of emptiness. Then one day she sees on TV a man arrested for theft claiming that he had nothing left to hope for in his life, and that he had committed his crime for the purpose of going to prison. Inspired by this thought, she sets prison as her final home, and begins to search for ways to get arrested with the least amount of trouble caused to other people.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011040/","category":[26,21],"mostwatch_ranking":10,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"5011-041"}],"tags":["drama_showcase"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bizstream","pgm_id":"2074","pgm_no":"152","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074152/images/7JBqIC7KmthlEtKRBEOfGXpZyXNSuAWwiGvJ0GaU.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074152/images/kaPBJKERKv9AkDvGt3kaOpIJJZb6qmUMsevUd5Py.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074152/images/0y39ysXMYLuuFBUjw56dKK2gHmnEDbjIVD0ajjVh.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2074_152_20230114231000_01_1673707518","onair":1673705400000,"vod_to":1689346740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BIZ STREAM_Ban Shigeru: Designing Places of Refuge;en,001;2074-152-2023;","title":"BIZ STREAM","title_clean":"BIZ STREAM","sub_title":"Ban Shigeru: Designing Places of Refuge","sub_title_clean":"Ban Shigeru: Designing Places of Refuge","description":"In March 2022, the award-winning architect Ban Shigeru helped create special shelters in Poland for Ukrainian refugees. In September, he led a team of students in designing a prefabricated house that can be quickly made from materials available in Poland and Ukraine. This week's episode features an in-depth interview with Ban Shigeru to learn more about his mission to create places or refuge for displaced Ukrainians.

[In Focus: Tech Bonanza Showcases Products of Tomorrow]
Innovation returned to Las Vegas in full force... The influential tech event CES was held fully in-person once again. We take a peek into the future with some of the products that took center stage.

[Global Trends: Thai Green Tea Fans Seek Perfect Cup]
Japanese green tea has been enjoying popularity in Thailand. Recently, young consumers are seeking taste experiences that use local ingredients ... as well as ones steeped in tradition.

*Subtitles and transcripts are available for video segments when viewed on our website.","description_clean":"In March 2022, the award-winning architect Ban Shigeru helped create special shelters in Poland for Ukrainian refugees. In September, he led a team of students in designing a prefabricated house that can be quickly made from materials available in Poland and Ukraine. This week's episode features an in-depth interview with Ban Shigeru to learn more about his mission to create places or refuge for displaced Ukrainians.[In Focus: Tech Bonanza Showcases Products of Tomorrow]Innovation returned to Las Vegas in full force... The influential tech event CES was held fully in-person once again. We take a peek into the future with some of the products that took center stage.[Global Trends: Thai Green Tea Fans Seek Perfect Cup]Japanese green tea has been enjoying popularity in Thailand. Recently, young consumers are seeking taste experiences that use local ingredients ... as well as ones steeped in tradition. *Subtitles and transcripts are available for video segments when viewed on our website.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2074152/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bosaiscience","pgm_id":"2090","pgm_no":"007","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090007/images/BhmN4ybTPsNbzViHL1EfcLG4P9VUKAXEYKuHQIQb.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090007/images/AmZnTjYTtSFZY4kkYXI7Fz90Hdczkh9uEHJfL9YD.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090007/images/n2IirYC5ar51wD6vi472chFYTHVYwEkDB66IcArC.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2090_007_20211204144000_01_1638597528","onair":1638596400000,"vod_to":1705244340000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life_#11 Post-earthquake Fire;en,001;2090-007-2021;","title":"BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life","title_clean":"BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life","sub_title":"#11 Post-earthquake Fire","sub_title_clean":"#11 Post-earthquake Fire","description":"In 1995, the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake struck Japan's Hyogo Prefecture early in the morning. Immediately after the earthquake, multiple fires broke out at the same time. Those who could not escape the fires lost their lives, and a total of 6,434 people died in the disaster. According to one investigation, 2 out of 3 people noticed the fires but did not evacuate immediately. Why was this? Reasons included delayed evacuation, an inability to evacuate and evacuation confusion. Now, the latest research is helping us understand the unexpected difficulties in trying to escape from a city hit by post-earthquake fires. In this program, we'll explore what is necessary to save lives.","description_clean":"In 1995, the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake struck Japan's Hyogo Prefecture early in the morning. Immediately after the earthquake, multiple fires broke out at the same time. Those who could not escape the fires lost their lives, and a total of 6,434 people died in the disaster. According to one investigation, 2 out of 3 people noticed the fires but did not evacuate immediately. Why was this? Reasons included delayed evacuation, an inability to evacuate and evacuation confusion. Now, the latest research is helping us understand the unexpected difficulties in trying to escape from a city hit by post-earthquake fires. In this program, we'll explore what is necessary to save lives.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090007/","category":[29,23],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"topinventions","pgm_id":"2072","pgm_no":"035","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072035/images/cr8WXpqbOtef5Mg4zZN52IcV2qP9QcH3lVFGalow.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072035/images/6iaNQmnlVvBqEIw5beQVaDsysfEBu83YUXk8yufN.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072035/images/WiUYl6QZ6ZRskmPTdVsWpPSBqI3bmJ08dWDs05hx.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["vi"],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2072_035_20200820004500_01_1597853342","onair":1597851900000,"vod_to":1705244340000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan's Top Inventions_Robotic Exoskeletons;en,001;2072-035-2020;","title":"Japan's Top Inventions","title_clean":"Japan's Top Inventions","sub_title":"Robotic Exoskeletons","sub_title_clean":"Robotic Exoskeletons","description":"The behind-the-scenes tales of hit products and creations from Japan: this is Japan's Top Inventions. This time, robotic exoskeletons, machines that turn humans into cyborgs! They were invented by professor and business founder Sankai Yoshiyuki, who created them for people who have trouble walking, such as the elderly or those who have suffered strokes. We dive into the little-known story behind the development of the world's first robotic exoskeletons.","description_clean":"The behind-the-scenes tales of hit products and creations from Japan: this is Japan's Top Inventions. This time, robotic exoskeletons, machines that turn humans into cyborgs! They were invented by professor and business founder Sankai Yoshiyuki, who created them for people who have trouble walking, such as the elderly or those who have suffered strokes. We dive into the little-known story behind the development of the world's first robotic exoskeletons.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072035/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["innovators","made_in_japan","medical","technology","robots","ibaraki"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"topinventions","pgm_id":"2072","pgm_no":"034","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072034/images/9SZ7ZXZWYtv968BuWpktAJM2eROrwLkhk8b5ujmL.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072034/images/51Le1azik986AQ3kmjwkLW55a3qzWjqe29wbhWDZ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072034/images/5vHX7pXuHjT95fvcWnebgtvy8MNbzeyt7PivmItD.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["th","vi"],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2072_034_20200625004500_01_1593014647","onair":1593013500000,"vod_to":1705244340000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan's Top Inventions_Film Farming;en,001;2072-034-2020;","title":"Japan's Top Inventions","title_clean":"Japan's Top Inventions","sub_title":"Film Farming","sub_title_clean":"Film Farming","description":"The behind-the-scenes tales of hit products and creations from Japan: this is Japan's Top Inventions. This time, a method of growing produce using a transparent film: film farming. The film is made from hydrogel, a moisture-absorbing material used in disposable diapers. Sow seeds on top, and they germinate and create seedlings, leading to vegetables and other produce without soil! We dive into the little-known story behind this unique Japanese farming technology.","description_clean":"The behind-the-scenes tales of hit products and creations from Japan: this is Japan's Top Inventions. This time, a method of growing produce using a transparent film: film farming. The film is made from hydrogel, a moisture-absorbing material used in disposable diapers. Sow seeds on top, and they germinate and create seedlings, leading to vegetables and other produce without soil! We dive into the little-known story behind this unique Japanese farming technology.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072034/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"danko","pgm_id":"6039","pgm_no":"007","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039007/images/8bqJFn14kiXJgtN6OGaRGvYIFqzROmUhU1GvpaRm.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039007/images/uqMWHdFKt8CIJFOEKnP0ZOHVvH3at2ZptfH0rCUC.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039007/images/CSmDCDPnfCCIjV2zDgMafSKczj2te4FyDDwc3Fb4.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6039_007_20211030125500_01_1635566512","onair":1635566100000,"vod_to":1705244340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Danko&Danta, Cardboard Craft Creations!_Capsule Toy Machine;en,001;6039-007-2021;","title":"Danko&Danta, Cardboard Craft Creations!","title_clean":"Danko&Danta, Cardboard Craft Creations!","sub_title":"Capsule Toy Machine","sub_title_clean":"Capsule Toy Machine","description":"Cardboard girl Danko, her friend Danta and craft master Mr. Snips team up to make toys out of cardboard. Danko asks Mr. Snips for lots of capsule toys to play with. He transforms cardboard into a capsule toy machine. He even makes pretend coins! With cardboard, anyone can have fun with capsule toys at home.

Hints to make it yourself are available at https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/danko/20230114/6039007/.","description_clean":"Cardboard girl Danko, her friend Danta and craft master Mr. Snips team up to make toys out of cardboard. Danko asks Mr. Snips for lots of capsule toys to play with. He transforms cardboard into a capsule toy machine. He even makes pretend coins! With cardboard, anyone can have fun with capsule toys at home. Hints to make it yourself are available at https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/danko/20230114/6039007/.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039007/","category":[19,30],"mostwatch_ranking":768,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"thesigns","pgm_id":"2089","pgm_no":"033","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2089033/images/yM5wrEY7EVfyAiXQqFZ6jDQlEo40yF8q3GE3nSmR.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2089033/images/LG58j48ChqgC3zARQIgLoBfUzcanlsspVMXinYWq.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2089033/images/YbiMYsHLbV10wuBSHIkHVGOU47pcLUCVOUiAJcVG.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["es","fr"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2089_033_20230114124000_01_1673668860","onair":1673667600000,"vod_to":1705244340000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The Signs_Saunas Heating Up Rural Japan;en,001;2089-033-2023;","title":"The Signs","title_clean":"The Signs","sub_title":"Saunas Heating Up Rural Japan","sub_title_clean":"Saunas Heating Up Rural Japan","description":"Sauna culture is experiencing a boom among young people in Japan. They're being used as a way to solve various problems, with unique efforts underway throughout the country. One local bus company struggling to stay afloat made one of their vehicles into a mobile sauna. Sauna using domestically grown cedar contains hopes for revitalization a lagging forestry industry. A sauna built in a small mountain village are attracting visitors from far and wide, creating warm interactions with elderly residents.","description_clean":"Sauna culture is experiencing a boom among young people in Japan. They're being used as a way to solve various problems, with unique efforts underway throughout the country. One local bus company struggling to stay afloat made one of their vehicles into a mobile sauna. Sauna using domestically grown cedar contains hopes for revitalization a lagging forestry industry. A sauna built in a small mountain village are attracting visitors from far and wide, creating warm interactions with elderly residents.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2089033/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"cycle","pgm_id":"2066","pgm_no":"053","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2066053/images/kJr4bAOpTqaSJRXJ2vfNZI1mJGqdexU8BID97S13.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2066053/images/jD21Pp6Pq2XycvKxxQQzEDJYaCDJjVZ7eL7nDGBG.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2066053/images/qb7NR3wNDm8K0MFNGpLwqqZQpcnqKavY2tRboeRt.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2066_053_20230114111000_01_1673666203","onair":1673662200000,"vod_to":1705244340000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;CYCLE AROUND JAPAN_The Nagasaki Kaido - Japan's Sugar Road;en,001;2066-053-2023;","title":"CYCLE AROUND JAPAN","title_clean":"CYCLE AROUND JAPAN","sub_title":"The Nagasaki Kaido - Japan's Sugar Road","sub_title_clean":"The Nagasaki Kaido - Japan's Sugar Road","description":"In our second episode on Japan's pre-modern highway system, we follow the Nagasaki Kaido. During the Edo period (1603–1868) when the Shogunate prohibited external trade, they allowed one exception – the port of Nagasaki Prefecture. Ideas, technology, culture and goods flowed from this port along the Nagasaki Kaido to the rest of Japan. Named the \"Sugar Road\" after one of the most important trade goods, the old highway and those who traveled it had a lasting influence on the communities along its route.","description_clean":"In our second episode on Japan's pre-modern highway system, we follow the Nagasaki Kaido. During the Edo period (1603–1868) when the Shogunate prohibited external trade, they allowed one exception – the port of Nagasaki Prefecture. Ideas, technology, culture and goods flowed from this port along the Nagasaki Kaido to the rest of Japan. Named the \"Sugar Road\" after one of the most important trade goods, the old highway and those who traveled it had a lasting influence on the communities along its route.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2066053/","category":[18],"mostwatch_ranking":374,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript","saga","nagasaki","fukuoka"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"broadcasterseye","pgm_id":"5006","pgm_no":"044","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5006044/images/D6HEpEdHmt5H9grHRS0GkSCJM8LQXSbxROJoWavA.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5006044/images/eBsT5NCNoi8fNiemDvb8nFMXhumfHYPcJndHQCFq.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5006044/images/17C1dK8oFockSm4PFlNSuZGcVFzfPJKq24bBYOiQ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_5006_044_20230114091000_01_1673658657","onair":1673655000000,"vod_to":1705244340000,"movie_lengh":"48:30","movie_duration":2910,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Broadcasters' Eye_Give Us a Smile;en,001;5006-044-2023;","title":"Broadcasters' Eye","title_clean":"Broadcasters' Eye","sub_title":"Give Us a Smile","sub_title_clean":"Give Us a Smile","description":"Broadcasters' Eye showcases programs by commercial and cable television broadcasters in Japan.
When his father passed away, Nakanishi Mitsuo hastily selected a photo from a family album to use as a \"funeral portrait.\" However, he was unhappy it didn't properly reflect his father's true personality. Nakanishi, the owner of a photo studio in a mountain town in Kochi Prefecture, vowed to help others avoid a similar situation. Bringing humor and friendship to his area's older adults, Nakanishi captures their natural smiles and genuine expressions and has to date photographed over 700 people.","description_clean":"Broadcasters' Eye showcases programs by commercial and cable television broadcasters in Japan. When his father passed away, Nakanishi Mitsuo hastily selected a photo from a family album to use as a \"funeral portrait.\" However, he was unhappy it didn't properly reflect his father's true personality. Nakanishi, the owner of a photo studio in a mountain town in Kochi Prefecture, vowed to help others avoid a similar situation. 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In centuries past, cooking in a Japanese kitchen involved moving between a dirt floor and a raised area with wooden floorboards. Modern kitchens, meanwhile, incorporate all sorts of convenient, space-saving measures. Our guest, associate professor Suzaki Fumiyo, tells the story of that evolution, and explains why some Japanese are choosing to go back to a traditional dirt-floor kitchen. And in Plus One, Matt Alt learns about some traditional kitchen utensils.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on January 12, 2023.In centuries past, cooking in a Japanese kitchen involved moving between a dirt floor and a raised area with wooden floorboards. Modern kitchens, meanwhile, incorporate all sorts of convenient, space-saving measures. Our guest, associate professor Suzaki Fumiyo, tells the story of that evolution, and explains why some Japanese are choosing to go back to a traditional dirt-floor kitchen. 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","sub_title_clean":"","description":"The Tokyo National Museum is home to a collection of some 120,000 objects of beauty and interest, mainly Japanese art and craft pieces along with work from the Asian mainland and historical artifacts. The museum houses 89 items deemed by the Japanese government to be of especially high value and designated as national treasures. Paying a visit to this historic museum that is celebrating its 150th anniversary are Andy and Shaula, hosts of NHK WORLD-JAPAN's popular program DESIGN TALKS plus. They marvel at the majestic building, visit an exhibit that offers insights into 30,000 years of creativity in Japan, and revel in the first ever exhibit of every national treasure in the museum's possession — an experience that will surely make art aficionados across the world jealous. The two also get a glimpse of the future of museums, experiencing high-definition imagery, 3D computer graphics, and other cutting-edge digital technology. 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We introduce these systems that are used in over 70 countries and regions worldwide.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2091016/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1234,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"timetide","pgm_id":"3022","pgm_no":"020","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022020/images/Kd49Dyk2Fntij8xn5LRQqOEQo1UBkWAneMlY2Nes.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022020/images/qeiuoqnnikWXaYUqYk4MO9pHCDEb8Sec8V1n4LsA.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022020/images/5M8APbdFFWgGqM6VACpMonnkCN4FabbVxnzEsfXt.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3022_020_20230107131000_01_1673314090","onair":1673064600000,"vod_to":1704639540000,"movie_lengh":"28:30","movie_duration":1710,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Time and Tide_Time Scoop Hunter: The Timekeepers;en,001;3022-020-2023;","title":"Time and Tide","title_clean":"Time and Tide","sub_title":"Time Scoop Hunter: The Timekeepers","sub_title_clean":"Time Scoop Hunter: The Timekeepers","description":"Sawajima Yuichi—a time-traveling reporter working for Time Scoop Inc. 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Danko wants a microwave that's shaped like her! Mr. Snips transforms cardboard into a microwave. You can even peep inside it.

Hints to make it yourself are available at https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/danko/20230107/6039006/.","description_clean":"Cardboard girl Danko, her friend Danta and craft master Mr. Snips team up to make toys out of cardboard. Danko wants a microwave that's shaped like her! Mr. Snips transforms cardboard into a microwave. You can even peep inside it. 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Much of the line hugs the coast, framing beautiful ocean vistas in the windows. Sea breezes nurture the regional specialty, Amanatsu citrus fruit, while billowing white sails lend traditional fishing vessels the nickname, \"ladies in white dresses.\" One artisan crafts colorful fishing vessel banners for bountiful hauls. Meet a local culture fostered by the sea and the residents who eek their living from it.","description_clean":"We travel the Hisatsu Orange Railway from Yatsushiro in Kumamoto Prefecture to Akune in Kagoshima Prefecture. Much of the line hugs the coast, framing beautiful ocean vistas in the windows. Sea breezes nurture the regional specialty, Amanatsu citrus fruit, while billowing white sails lend traditional fishing vessels the nickname, \"ladies in white dresses.\" One artisan crafts colorful fishing vessel banners for bountiful hauls. Meet a local culture fostered by the sea and the residents who eek their living from it.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068030/","category":[18],"mostwatch_ranking":480,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["train","kumamoto","kagoshima"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"globalagenda","pgm_id":"2047","pgm_no":"074","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2047074/images/dEsl9V634rQnoNGsvW15BQEpVwQTeYL02hjW1YqZ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2047074/images/uQWQOydLE6GMi5DU6mCD7yOGEgq6VcSr51N8Zefy.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2047074/images/aIZ8Cn1P4DJfLmLOrCRlNKHLGfhMNL36bjqGua7v.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2047_074_20230107101000_01_1673057675","onair":1673053800000,"vod_to":1704639540000,"movie_lengh":"50:00","movie_duration":3000,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;GLOBAL AGENDA_Beyond Binary: The Evolving Gender Landscape;en,001;2047-074-2023;","title":"GLOBAL AGENDA","title_clean":"GLOBAL AGENDA","sub_title":"Beyond Binary: The Evolving Gender Landscape","sub_title_clean":"Beyond Binary: The Evolving Gender Landscape","description":"Can our societies adapt to the evolving gender landscape? 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Moderator
Yamamoto Miki
NHK WORLD-JAPAN News Anchor

Panelists
Robert Campbell
Japanese Literature Scholar and University Professor, Waseda University

Jennifer Lu
Asian Program Director at Outright International

Veronica Ivy
Expert on Athlete's Rights

Sekine Mari
Japanese TV Personality

[Audience Guests]
Fairul Dahlan
Drag Queen Identifying as Gay

Chase Johnsey
Gender-fluid Ballet Dancer

Janina Leo
Clinical Psychologist, Mother of Transgender Child

Abigail McLeod
Teacher from the US State of Florida

Nakagaki Rikiya
Talent Acquisition Manager at IBM Japan","description_clean":"Can our societies adapt to the evolving gender landscape? With our rainbow panel of guests, we discuss how we might create a truly inclusive world. 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This series includes selected stories from BIZ STREAM's signature \"On-Site\" reports. By 2040, it is estimated that old or broken solar panels will result in 8 million tons of waste each year. This episode features companies that are making solar energy even more environmentally friendly by focusing on ways to reuse or recycle used solar panels.","description_clean":"[BIZ STREAM SPECIAL EDITION]This series includes selected stories from BIZ STREAM's signature \"On-Site\" reports. By 2040, it is estimated that old or broken solar panels will result in 8 million tons of waste each year. This episode features companies that are making solar energy even more environmentally friendly by focusing on ways to reuse or recycle used solar panels.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004923/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1103,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"seasoning","pgm_id":"2024","pgm_no":"145","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2024145/images/0kPHaH6X51PsTNXotDkXPUQYV6kFLiHjLeVhdRkX.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2024145/images/sK4wlCAzg8FAeVbZxAGVGyS6tiB1GKU1RM6EGdIv.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2024145/images/9fkOcwfVGORhSyfCUg8CEqUE7PUcrpAf5fYFE9wZ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2024_145_20230102113000_01_1672628707","onair":1672626600000,"vod_to":1704207540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Seasoning the Seasons_Nara: Where Demons Roam;en,001;2024-145-2023;","title":"Seasoning the Seasons","title_clean":"Seasoning the Seasons","sub_title":"Nara: Where Demons Roam","sub_title_clean":"Nara: Where Demons Roam","description":"Nara, one of Japan's ancient capitals, is home to spirits and demons. Due to its long history, the city has seen its fair share of wars and plagues. For local people the essence of difficulty and disaster is captured in demon form. But demons, with their huge flaming torches, can also help see in the blessings of spring. Demons and fire visit the people of Nara as they pray for a bountiful spring season.","description_clean":"Nara, one of Japan's ancient capitals, is home to spirits and demons. Due to its long history, the city has seen its fair share of wars and plagues. For local people the essence of difficulty and disaster is captured in demon form. But demons, with their huge flaming torches, can also help see in the blessings of spring. Demons and fire visit the people of Nara as they pray for a bountiful spring season.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2024145/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":641,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript","nara"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"readingjapan","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"915","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004915/images/xcBIiPZ7C8A2gyTeQHI5TYK85dHiP5JX2MpIHv5q.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004915/images/sCPGYkNzdCRZwk0VPKthi2eOjikowaEm4PG0tqEy.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004915/images/v5oxM2NTfqkjYrnYY9ixMKzU0hOTHwI6D4rOhXBX.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_915_20230102111000_01_1672626931","onair":1672625400000,"vod_to":1704207540000,"movie_lengh":"20:00","movie_duration":1200,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Reading Japan_\"The Fugu Returns the Favor\" by Tamaru Masatomo;en,001;3004-915-2023;","title":"Reading Japan","title_clean":"Reading Japan","sub_title":"\"The Fugu Returns the Favor\" by Tamaru Masatomo","sub_title_clean":"\"The Fugu Returns the Favor\" by Tamaru Masatomo","description":"\"The Fugu Returns the Favor\" author Tamaru Masatomo is recognized as a leading short story author of his generation. The story boldly reframes the famous Japanese folktale \"The Crane Returns the Favor\" with a young man living in contemporary Japan as the protagonist. In \"The Crane Returns the Favor,\" a crane rescued by a hunter becomes a human to repay the favor. But the story ends sadly with the crane's departure after the hunter breaks the taboo against seeing her true form. This version features a fugu, which is a pufferfish. How is the fugu going to return the favor? What ending awaits the protagonist who rescued the fish? Enjoy the pop narrative tone that deftly reboots the folktale and the ending featuring contemporary choices made by the young couple.

Tamaru Masatomo, \"The Fugu Returns the Favor\"
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See the other-worldly result in this episode!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2095026/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2095-025"}],"tags":["photography","reduced_inequalities","good_health_and_well-being","sdgs","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"worldprime","pgm_id":"3016","pgm_no":"138","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016138/images/y3rjMPpJFr82iBm4I4h3lNeOjDDILZubXUUhGtKS.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016138/images/8RoMVbxxnVvwIVYmtyUaIsC6nNiQ6nkl4GXIgwvl.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016138/images/5V5Jm3eiej1jMpgUqgEhHRXPYaUmFw01cSgQrpnT.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3016_138_20221231091000_01_1672796822","onair":1672445400000,"vod_to":1704034740000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NHK WORLD PRIME_Danjuro: A Kabuki Star for Three Centuries;en,001;3016-138-2022;","title":"NHK WORLD PRIME","title_clean":"NHK WORLD PRIME","sub_title":"Danjuro: A Kabuki Star for Three Centuries","sub_title_clean":"Danjuro: A Kabuki Star for Three Centuries","description":"Kabuki actor Ichikawa Ebizo in November of 2022 assumed the name Ichikawa Danjuro XIII in an important milestone in his career. The names of performers are passed down for generations in the world of kabuki and actors may have several names over the course of their career. The first Ichikawa Danjuro established many well-known kabuki traditions 300 years ago and quickly rose to prominence. Those who have assumed the Danjuro name have created many popular works such as Sukeroku and Kanjincho, and the name has become one of the most venerable in kabuki. Ichikawa, who has become the 13th-generation Danjuro, is undoubtedly the world's most famous kabuki actor, having performed at the Palais Garnier in Paris and in the opening ceremony of the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Join us as we take a look at a special performance to mark the name change and some of the highlights of his repertoire in a program that will entertain and educate both kabuki novices and aficionados.

All Rights Reserved.","description_clean":"Kabuki actor Ichikawa Ebizo in November of 2022 assumed the name Ichikawa Danjuro XIII in an important milestone in his career. The names of performers are passed down for generations in the world of kabuki and actors may have several names over the course of their career. The first Ichikawa Danjuro established many well-known kabuki traditions 300 years ago and quickly rose to prominence. Those who have assumed the Danjuro name have created many popular works such as Sukeroku and Kanjincho, and the name has become one of the most venerable in kabuki. Ichikawa, who has become the 13th-generation Danjuro, is undoubtedly the world's most famous kabuki actor, having performed at the Palais Garnier in Paris and in the opening ceremony of the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Join us as we take a look at a special performance to mark the name change and some of the highlights of his repertoire in a program that will entertain and educate both kabuki novices and aficionados.All Rights Reserved.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016138/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":989,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"samuraiwheels","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"909","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004909/images/8SNq1qLAM2wRew1sWxZQ29eetpgIdi22XJICVAAY.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004909/images/x7CL57a5O4iY9z2JuCCAqv71Yl7ysqxsRPMGs1Gy.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004909/images/9lEvfUrMae9YpSjmj3dI6EnUG6yg9YQEbN8lsfQD.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_909_20221230233000_01_1672412703","onair":1672410600000,"vod_to":1703948340000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;SAMURAI WHEELS 2022 SPECIAL;en,001;3004-909-2022;","title":"SAMURAI WHEELS 2022 SPECIAL","title_clean":"SAMURAI WHEELS 2022 SPECIAL","sub_title":"

","sub_title_clean":"","description":"2022 marked a year of change for the Japanese automobile industry. Several manufacturers that had lagged behind in producing electric vehicles are now launching new EVs one after another. Will Japan, the world leader in hybrids and fuel cell vehicles, be able to catch up to their global competitors in the race for EV market share? This episode will feature the latest models from Japan's top auto makers as well as show you how well the Samurai Wheels team did in this year's \"Media Roadster 4 hours Endurance Race.\"

Navigators:
Ukyo Katayama (Racing Driver)
Peter Lyon (Motor Journalist)","description_clean":"2022 marked a year of change for the Japanese automobile industry. Several manufacturers that had lagged behind in producing electric vehicles are now launching new EVs one after another. Will Japan, the world leader in hybrids and fuel cell vehicles, be able to catch up to their global competitors in the race for EV market share? This episode will feature the latest models from Japan's top auto makers as well as show you how well the Samurai Wheels team did in this year's \"Media Roadster 4 hours Endurance Race.\" Navigators: Ukyo Katayama (Racing Driver) Peter Lyon (Motor Journalist)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004909/","category":[14,20],"mostwatch_ranking":849,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bizstream","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"922","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004922/images/cRZYIGv0gJIzwoG3k3EM4wfs9VG7CJDzoyj0t6GL.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004922/images/inQjQMkKSz4GywBVPt0Pkejj0Uhs2hgEifXbmwP1.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004922/images/iC0mhAohG1GFNtzXYRBgudKsZjpDzJUgTC91yieq.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_922_20221230121000_01_1672370814","onair":1672369800000,"vod_to":1688137140000,"movie_lengh":"13:00","movie_duration":780,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BIZ STREAM_Keeping Aquaculture Afloat;en,001;3004-922-2022;","title":"BIZ STREAM","title_clean":"BIZ STREAM","sub_title":"Keeping Aquaculture Afloat","sub_title_clean":"Keeping Aquaculture Afloat","description":"[BIZ STREAM SPECIAL EDITION]
This series includes selected stories from BIZ STREAM's signature \"On-Site\" reports. Aquaculture now supplies nearly 50% of the world's seafood. Despite its importance, many companies in the industry are currently faced with a variety of challenges such as rising ocean temperatures and increasing competition. This episode shows how some Japanese companies are using technology and innovative ideas to ensure their businesses remain afloat.","description_clean":"[BIZ STREAM SPECIAL EDITION]This series includes selected stories from BIZ STREAM's signature \"On-Site\" reports. Aquaculture now supplies nearly 50% of the world's seafood. Despite its importance, many companies in the industry are currently faced with a variety of challenges such as rising ocean temperatures and increasing competition. 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One day, she invites him to walk with her to the train station. She peppers him with questions, but his replies are always cool. Then, she promises to make him ice cream at his place. This tale depicts the everyday life of a girl who struggles with work and romance.","description_clean":"A girl working parttime at an ice cream shop falls for a guy who comes every other day and always orders the same thing. One day, she invites him to walk with her to the train station. She peppers him with questions, but his replies are always cool. Then, she promises to make him ice cream at his place. This tale depicts the everyday life of a girl who struggles with work and romance.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004914/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bento","pgm_id":"2077","pgm_no":"065","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077065/images/pR2YJlamrjjRL0fcupG6rKQtXwJkQQcj9SfjijoE.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077065/images/qc8Fo8exECPts0GFNCsMjuPLOWCTF6f0bowveqSQ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077065/images/JENzzYHRI7KQvpE3XHxMsTkEfHcbFuIYweHzEypR.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["id","pt","th","vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2077_065_20221230103000_01_1672365065","onair":1672363800000,"vod_to":1703948340000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BENTO EXPO_Season 7-15 Kara-age with Tangy Scallion Sauce Bento & Layered Katsu Bento;en,001;2077-065-2022;","title":"BENTO EXPO","title_clean":"BENTO EXPO","sub_title":"Season 7-15 Kara-age with Tangy Scallion Sauce Bento & Layered Katsu Bento","sub_title_clean":"Season 7-15 Kara-age with Tangy Scallion Sauce Bento & Layered Katsu Bento","description":"Maki layers cheese and basil between slices of pork to make deep-fried cutlets. Marc tosses crispy chicken in tangy scallion sauce. And from Taiwan, a bento featuring a local favorite: lu rou fan.","description_clean":"Maki layers cheese and basil between slices of pork to make deep-fried cutlets. Marc tosses crispy chicken in tangy scallion sauce. And from Taiwan, a bento featuring a local favorite: lu rou fan.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077065/","category":[20,17],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"asiainsight","pgm_id":"2022","pgm_no":"374","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022374/images/tVehl7qrJgjqnWErVh9RdWqn4u3iqmqpUJgLn0jW.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022374/images/3EA3RtITFSz0n4zS1moD3A8sL470DfYaCNYrA60s.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022374/images/wfKIfsGOsVrnXSbijdoOtfqTYHedj7dqW5DWrAIW.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2022_374_20221230093000_01_1672362301","onair":1672360200000,"vod_to":1703948340000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Asia Insight_Let No Student Fall Behind: The Philippines;en,001;2022-374-2022;","title":"Asia Insight","title_clean":"Asia Insight","sub_title":"Let No Student Fall Behind: The Philippines","sub_title_clean":"Let No Student Fall Behind: The Philippines","description":"The Philippines closed schools for two and a half years during the pandemic. 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The decline in English proficiency – the country's second official language – is particularly serious, impacting performance in science, math and other subjects that use English. During the closures, classes were held remotely, largely depending on large volumes of printed worksheets for solo study and leaving any students who got stuck without anyone to assist them. Two teachers have started holding free classes for reading and writing aimed at students struggling with English. Discover how educators in the Philippines are working to regain what was lost during the pandemic.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022374/","category":[12,15],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["reduced_inequalities","quality_education","no_poverty","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"musicaljourneys","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"925","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004925/images/Ex6yiQKQNCOvQp7bfmQOtZoYpKRvxTfUhQWLr4Sx.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004925/images/9FGfZF8rwBVLVjLLpubNzw7IWiqREVF6x9XDQ10d.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004925/images/rNNC0wHTfMcMDwv2H4Mnd0LL1vuV2NA25gCzpwze.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_3004_925_20221230091000_01_1672359796","onair":1672359000000,"vod_to":1703948340000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;MUSICAL JOURNEYS with MIDORI, MACK and CHEESE_Episode 1: Japonism;en,001;3004-925-2022;","title":"MUSICAL JOURNEYS with MIDORI, MACK and CHEESE","title_clean":"MUSICAL JOURNEYS with MIDORI, MACK and CHEESE","sub_title":"Episode 1: Japonism","sub_title_clean":"Episode 1: Japonism","description":"The Paris Exposition (1867), in which Japan took part for the first time, stimulated interest in the Far Eastern country in Europe. Musically, the French composer Debussy was one of those who were attracted. A Debussy's piece, \"The Girl with Flaxen Hair\" and the mid-20th century American composer Hartke's work \"Netsuke\" will be played in this episode.","description_clean":"The Paris Exposition (1867), in which Japan took part for the first time, stimulated interest in the Far Eastern country in Europe. Musically, the French composer Debussy was one of those who were attracted. A Debussy's piece, \"The Girl with Flaxen Hair\" and the mid-20th century American composer Hartke's work \"Netsuke\" will be played in this episode.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004925/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japansportscope","pgm_id":"6125","pgm_no":"004","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6125004/images/5gavQsUEd4oiwNOqfP4VilQtnMS7VNamUXMrSpAZ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6125004/images/EHtVh6tX8XDz8yXbvD6CHE1Fw4OBTIAl7RZ5SxMO.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6125004/images/5O1aP7ZaZo05D1RSdgJjLD0qmzDbNPfNYxj54SsZ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6125_004_20221230033000_01_1672339472","onair":1672338600000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;JAPAN SPORTSCOPE_KART;en,001;6125-004-2022;","title":"JAPAN SPORTSCOPE","title_clean":"JAPAN SPORTSCOPE","sub_title":"KART","sub_title_clean":"KART","description":"Karting is a Motorsport of machines made of steel pipe frames with only an engine, tires and a seat. The bare minimum needed to drive on a circuit. The difference between Karting and the more well-known Go-Karting is speed! Go-Karts run at about 30kph, but the machines in Karting go up to 70kph! The controls are only the right pedal for acceleration, the left pedal for braking, and the steering wheel. Since it requires no driver's license, even kids can drive! The low eyeline means you feel about 3 times the speed as you corner turns and race for the finish line!","description_clean":"Karting is a Motorsport of machines made of steel pipe frames with only an engine, tires and a seat. The bare minimum needed to drive on a circuit. The difference between Karting and the more well-known Go-Karting is speed! Go-Karts run at about 30kph, but the machines in Karting go up to 70kph! The controls are only the right pedal for acceleration, the left pedal for braking, and the steering wheel. Since it requires no driver's license, even kids can drive! The low eyeline means you feel about 3 times the speed as you corner turns and race for the finish line!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6125004/","category":[25],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bizstream","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"921","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004921/images/zs5wZ9qxvXOZPxLtyHbsWOxMxoX55Qte2PLif7SY.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004921/images/LNsp0bmoeLOzAnsd6Vw9B0lF2DQQFjr0V9MSXJhA.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004921/images/NkFBDlU1ZnmpvkLFvbt68ntFSTjzqJmr0tZkI0ez.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_921_20221229121000_01_1672284455","onair":1672283400000,"vod_to":1688050740000,"movie_lengh":"13:00","movie_duration":780,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BIZ STREAM_Say Goodbye to Mushy Meals;en,001;3004-921-2022;","title":"BIZ STREAM","title_clean":"BIZ STREAM","sub_title":"Say Goodbye to Mushy Meals","sub_title_clean":"Say Goodbye to Mushy Meals","description":"[BIZ STREAM SPECIAL EDITION]
This series includes selected stories from BIZ STREAM's signature \"On-Site\" reports. As Japan's population continues to age, the need for soft and easy-to-eat foods is on the rise. This episode features new softening products that can be used on a variety of solid foods without affecting their original appearance.","description_clean":"[BIZ STREAM SPECIAL EDITION]This series includes selected stories from BIZ STREAM's signature \"On-Site\" reports. As Japan's population continues to age, the need for soft and easy-to-eat foods is on the rise. This episode features new softening products that can be used on a variety of solid foods without affecting their original appearance.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004921/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"readingjapan","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"913","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004913/images/1NauzedZp32An0ulvJ00xyHuVKWrdhgkjDPvI7xH.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004913/images/aCllgUI90kWfTcgeaovQdHvoG6gEZdx4qWtk3V4S.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004913/images/kda8IH0GukYmgba3yCXq6ITaGjcckLrlIQmI3Vld.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_913_20221229111000_01_1672281453","onair":1672279800000,"vod_to":1703861940000,"movie_lengh":"20:00","movie_duration":1200,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Reading Japan_\"Welcoming Light\" by Shigematsu Kiyoshi;en,001;3004-913-2022;","title":"Reading Japan","title_clean":"Reading Japan","sub_title":"\"Welcoming Light\" by Shigematsu Kiyoshi","sub_title_clean":"\"Welcoming Light\" by Shigematsu Kiyoshi","description":"A small village tucked away in a valley has a legend about taking in people who were defeated in battle long ago. Now, the village has become a place that welcomes children with no home and nowhere to go. Children visit the village in the summer for three days and two nights to help out with an event called \"welcoming of the insects\" that involves placing over three hundred lamps on footpaths in-between the rice terraces. The custom originally warded off harmful insects with fire and smoke, but this village has turned it into a ritual to welcome insects with light. Children spend time in this village that abounds with compassion. Are you interested in paying a visit?","description_clean":"A small village tucked away in a valley has a legend about taking in people who were defeated in battle long ago. Now, the village has become a place that welcomes children with no home and nowhere to go. Children visit the village in the summer for three days and two nights to help out with an event called \"welcoming of the insects\" that involves placing over three hundred lamps on footpaths in-between the rice terraces. The custom originally warded off harmful insects with fire and smoke, but this village has turned it into a ritual to welcome insects with light. Children spend time in this village that abounds with compassion. 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Former UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon shares his insights.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2085090/","category":[12,13],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["gender_equality","sdgs","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bizstream","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"919","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004919/images/4fcl7aYGx65qVHArjDQuCPnBLOpeuca4RjZyNgxv.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004919/images/w4Ht3TUTY8rkg3j5F1Qp4ie2Brkg9RJyoZeVjKQj.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004919/images/hNKmw6x1nwaXsadgznBA6T5tXJOd8MYeJcuXXBSH.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_919_20221227121000_01_1672111649","onair":1672110600000,"vod_to":1687877940000,"movie_lengh":"13:00","movie_duration":780,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BIZ STREAM_A Big Change for Small Manufacturers;en,001;3004-919-2022;","title":"BIZ STREAM","title_clean":"BIZ STREAM","sub_title":"A Big Change for Small Manufacturers","sub_title_clean":"A Big Change for Small Manufacturers","description":"[BIZ STREAM SPECIAL EDITION]
This series includes selected stories from BIZ STREAM's signature \"On-Site\" reports. As Japan's domestic market evolves, many small and medium-sized manufacturers are finding less orders coming in from the companies they usually rely on for sales. This episode shows how some of these businesses are shifting away from the standard business-to-business model and towards creating their own products to sell directly to consumers.","description_clean":"[BIZ STREAM SPECIAL EDITION]This series includes selected stories from BIZ STREAM's signature \"On-Site\" reports. As Japan's domestic market evolves, many small and medium-sized manufacturers are finding less orders coming in from the companies they usually rely on for sales. This episode shows how some of these businesses are shifting away from the standard business-to-business model and towards creating their own products to sell directly to consumers.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004919/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"readingjapan","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"911","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004911/images/P39N9ABPzHbit49tksgM9wdH7YHwgvH2IBV5PuIc.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004911/images/y3HQ6gqSvV1lVK1Eg0NWNogmki6rjjG1R7bEMJp8.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004911/images/rI9JCegb1Jukypkd36iCmw9aO52SlgIAc9nYXxHb.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_911_20221227111000_01_1672108559","onair":1672107000000,"vod_to":1703689140000,"movie_lengh":"20:00","movie_duration":1200,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Reading Japan_\"The Out-to-Sea Bathhouse\" by Kumozome Yuu;en,001;3004-911-2022;","title":"Reading Japan","title_clean":"Reading Japan","sub_title":"\"The Out-to-Sea Bathhouse\" by Kumozome Yuu","sub_title_clean":"\"The Out-to-Sea Bathhouse\" by Kumozome Yuu","description":"The protagonist is tired from traveling and randomly stops at a small-town public bath. The ticket machine has rather odd names that might refer to private bathing rooms. Puzzled, he pushes one of the buttons and goes inside, only to encounter a bizarre scene, unlike anything he's ever seen. He pretends that he's not a first-timer and ventures into the bath without getting any explanation. He has embarked on a big adventure.

Kumozome Yuu, \"The Out-to-Sea Bathhouse\"
(from Short Short Treasure Box V, Kobunsha paperback)","description_clean":"The protagonist is tired from traveling and randomly stops at a small-town public bath. The ticket machine has rather odd names that might refer to private bathing rooms. Puzzled, he pushes one of the buttons and goes inside, only to encounter a bizarre scene, unlike anything he's ever seen. He pretends that he's not a first-timer and ventures into the bath without getting any explanation. He has embarked on a big adventure. Kumozome Yuu, \"The Out-to-Sea Bathhouse\" (from Short Short Treasure Box V, Kobunsha paperback)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004911/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"340","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019340/images/IaLY7ia9xT3HuLpe1toHN1QhlsPcAeoh3bzT7jU0.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019340/images/uN2gT5fiKSQuyyiJUlOjJCoqPRa6x62Yi9vHZYg2.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019340/images/aGTgWl5KrepCTLa9O2l7T7M9M4j0DMHeu70rzEvZ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_340_20221227103000_01_1672106732","onair":1672104600000,"vod_to":1766847540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Authentic Japanese Cooking: Matsukaze Chicken Loaf;en,001;2019-340-2022;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Authentic Japanese Cooking: Matsukaze Chicken Loaf","sub_title_clean":"Authentic Japanese Cooking: Matsukaze Chicken Loaf","description":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Matsukaze Chicken Loaf (2) Vinegared Lotus Root.

The recipes are available at https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/dining/20221227/2019340/.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Matsukaze Chicken Loaf (2) Vinegared Lotus Root. 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First, we follow the nuns on the day of Taisetsu as they prepare yuzu pepper and yuzu miso, seasonal specialties enjoyed at the end of the year. And then on the day of Toji, they use pumpkin, considered a lucky food, to make three mouthwatering treats: soup, noodles and flan.","description_clean":"Join us as we learn about life at the Otowasan Kannonji Temple through 24 terms from the solar calendar. First, we follow the nuns on the day of Taisetsu as they prepare yuzu pepper and yuzu miso, seasonal specialties enjoyed at the end of the year. And then on the day of Toji, they use pumpkin, considered a lucky food, to make three mouthwatering treats: soup, noodles and flan.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6124004/","category":[20,17],"mostwatch_ranking":928,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["life_on_land","responsible_consumption_and_production","sustainable_cities_and_communities","decent_work_and_economic_growth","good_health_and_well-being","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japansportscope","pgm_id":"6125","pgm_no":"001","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6125001/images/oRwsujhTQyw0CGPH07ODNtlP0a2QOdzx1xQ4Ascm.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6125001/images/gK28MAlANwxpKTLldOUxAAtBDRMs72WZNspg8mJK.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6125001/images/BTYENM3ddPIG9waEKpVL6Rqkk86NJJpm1yMmHxMc.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6125_001_20221227033000_01_1672080187","onair":1672079400000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;JAPAN SPORTSCOPE_CAVING;en,001;6125-001-2022;","title":"JAPAN SPORTSCOPE","title_clean":"JAPAN SPORTSCOPE","sub_title":"CAVING","sub_title_clean":"CAVING","description":"Caving is an outdoor activity that anyone can enjoy. 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Fuji's atmospheric forest foothills, led by Yoshida Katsuji, known as one of the world's \"Cave Kings.\" With his expert guide, Harry traverses tricky trails into the caves' world of darkness to discover fantastic walls of ice that soothe the spirit.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6125001/","category":[25],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"cyclehighlights","pgm_id":"2070","pgm_no":"031","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2070031/images/VH87NryrqEhdpJFmdszRDolRBLIQTZoUn0Dy8kgr.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2070031/images/f1j5RI9i4iJiczsZh4XDhFtW6DVTXnQ2zh0zils4.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2070031/images/CY5IuM3IJE36K6PXGK3ROx4cm970hddE3GZwR5o1.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2070_031_20210128233000_01_1611846137","onair":1611844200000,"vod_to":1703602740000,"movie_lengh":"27:00","movie_duration":1620,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;CYCLE AROUND JAPAN Highlights_Kagawa - The Pursuit of Excellence;en,001;2070-031-2021;","title":"CYCLE AROUND JAPAN Highlights","title_clean":"CYCLE AROUND JAPAN Highlights","sub_title":"Kagawa - The Pursuit of Excellence","sub_title_clean":"Kagawa - The Pursuit of Excellence","description":"Facing the Seto Inland Sea, sunny Kagawa Prefecture historically overcame a lack of natural resources and water through skill and hard work. 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A trip of tough but rewarding climbs, reflecting the spirit of Kagawa.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2070031/","category":[18],"mostwatch_ranking":1103,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["crafts","tradition","amazing_scenery","kagawa"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bizstream","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"918","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004918/images/Nrq2ywDQyejhdbZlYJOj9uzAmpi9GjAH9SNpEyJE.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004918/images/7zaML3iNaGDNmjqMpGorLfWGRGnT0vE8sGaXkvJk.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004918/images/5q6jQx43JrF30WoNcNeVow5rIvWBZ7BAD5QDmSyN.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_918_20221226121000_01_1672026692","onair":1672024200000,"vod_to":1687791540000,"movie_lengh":"13:00","movie_duration":780,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BIZ STREAM_Using to the Fullest;en,001;3004-918-2022;","title":"BIZ STREAM","title_clean":"BIZ STREAM","sub_title":"Using to the Fullest","sub_title_clean":"Using to the Fullest","description":"[BIZ STREAM SPECIAL EDITION]
This series includes selected stories from BIZ STREAM's signature \"On-Site\" reports. Featuring a textile company that offers a restoration service for its high-quality towels and a shoe repair business that is breathing new life into well-worn sneakers, this episode focuses on businesses that are helping consumers to get the most out of their belongings.","description_clean":"[BIZ STREAM SPECIAL EDITION]This series includes selected stories from BIZ STREAM's signature \"On-Site\" reports. Featuring a textile company that offers a restoration service for its high-quality towels and a shoe repair business that is breathing new life into well-worn sneakers, this episode focuses on businesses that are helping consumers to get the most out of their belongings.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004918/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1166,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ljfn","pgm_id":"2097","pgm_no":"020","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2097020/images/g1xrFf4oR8aPOA2W61SYPkpWtkPXoiYuWDzx5MnG.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2097020/images/hGei8LnrlCzAmkcYpykK3tBWK8Et2cjTPkYwDtOz.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2097020/images/cT3NHrRJEfjR2jyf1klVMIBPDLoTkf9ShrgxHELW.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["vi","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2097_020_20221226103000_01_1672019610","onair":1672018200000,"vod_to":1703602740000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Learn Japanese from the News_International Residents in Kagawa Experience the \"Henro\" Pilgrimage;en,001;2097-020-2022;","title":"Learn Japanese from the News","title_clean":"Learn Japanese from the News","sub_title":"International Residents in Kagawa Experience the \"Henro\" Pilgrimage","sub_title_clean":"International Residents in Kagawa Experience the \"Henro\" Pilgrimage","description":"Join us as we listen to a story in simplified Japanese about the Shikoku Pilgrimage, known as the \"Henro\" in Japanese. In November, international residents and others in Kagawa Prefecture had the opportunity to trek up to Yashima Temple, the 84th of the 88 sacred Buddhist temples along the journey. On the program we highlight terms related to the Henro, talk about a legendary Japanese cultural figure, learn about temple etiquette and consider the role of religion in Japanese society.","description_clean":"Join us as we listen to a story in simplified Japanese about the Shikoku Pilgrimage, known as the \"Henro\" in Japanese. In November, international residents and others in Kagawa Prefecture had the opportunity to trek up to Yashima Temple, the 84th of the 88 sacred Buddhist temples along the journey. 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He talks about the power of mime.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058971/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"callhome","pgm_id":"2087","pgm_no":"084","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2087084/images/fSYpoDJzdt8c05Cs1D5XR18MgwZfL62Wv7Udktd5.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2087084/images/cdEqMPEe8jgMTafKgDSa5TNqVTlGlF7zK1yqYTfh.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2087084/images/Iq3xNYapl8or9yGk9pMmFVmlZmfU8Gwcvf4C19zl.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2087_084_20221226093000_01_1672016818","onair":1672014600000,"vod_to":1703602740000,"movie_lengh":"27:00","movie_duration":1620,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Where We Call Home_Martial Arts Build Unbreakable Bonds;en,001;2087-084-2022;","title":"Where We Call Home","title_clean":"Where We Call Home","sub_title":"Martial Arts Build Unbreakable Bonds","sub_title_clean":"Martial Arts Build Unbreakable Bonds","description":"We revisit the Ukrainian families who came to Nagano Prefecture in April 2022 to flee the war in their country. 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[J-Innovators]
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Modern-day Japanese leaders and admirers share what they've learned from this legendary samurai.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022014/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":537,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"danko","pgm_id":"6039","pgm_no":"003","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039003/images/9ThNLIjOcPoVLDjsPBokSTL3947ogfXkX9HZ81mA.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039003/images/3nMv634kQyVbFZsoHM5SHCnszJEyZoOM3LWQdN6A.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039003/images/0J27bv2W8DrrghDXX6QCSoQaG56cb2aCSg69khWM.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6039_003_20211002125500_01_1633147313","onair":1633146900000,"vod_to":1702825140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Danko&Danta, Cardboard Craft Creations!_School Bag;en,001;6039-003-2021;","title":"Danko&Danta, Cardboard Craft Creations!","title_clean":"Danko&Danta, Cardboard Craft Creations!","sub_title":"School Bag","sub_title_clean":"School Bag","description":"Cardboard girl Danko, cardboard dog Danta and craft master Mr. Snips team up to make toys, furniture and more out of cardboard. 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Hints to make it yourself are available at https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/danko/20221217/6039003/.","description_clean":"Cardboard girl Danko, cardboard dog Danta and craft master Mr. Snips team up to make toys, furniture and more out of cardboard. The inspiration for these cardboard creations comes from the world around Danko; interesting shapes and objects become ideas for new crafts. The program stirs the imaginations of children, and encourages them to think, experiment and create. In this episode, Danko, Danta and Mr. Snips make a school backpack out of cardboard. It even has a folding flap and a clasp, just like the real thing. Hints to make it yourself are available at https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/danko/20221217/6039003/.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039003/","category":[19,30],"mostwatch_ranking":1234,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"fiveframes","pgm_id":"2095","pgm_no":"030","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2095030/images/uAKtaTdWL3IIFkz0zqvRI1q7Hgzr5giFwpOcu7u7.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2095030/images/djg8TIkXmDdpUVJwxP5c5AoHinVVtcETObXeO7A3.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2095030/images/q63KyfzMxUkhAFOXXIjT3RnhXmXeqsMaiIez3ABM.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2095_030_20221217124000_01_1671249550","onair":1671248400000,"vod_to":1702825140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Five Frames for Love_Hitose, the Real Estate Agent Making the Impossible Possible - Freedom, Fellows, Future;en,001;2095-030-2022;","title":"Five Frames for Love","title_clean":"Five Frames for Love","sub_title":"Hitose, the Real Estate Agent Making the Impossible Possible - Freedom, Fellows, Future","sub_title_clean":"Hitose, the Real Estate Agent Making the Impossible Possible - Freedom, Fellows, Future","description":"This real estate CEO has found a niche in her \"night worker\" clientele, and as a former cabaret club girl she knows it well. 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What does she see in them, and how does she view the future of her work?","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2095030/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2095-029"}],"tags":["reduced_inequalities","good_health_and_well-being","sdgs","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"worldprime","pgm_id":"3016","pgm_no":"139","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016139/images/76qCf8WiP0jpNsltuqPl4Eyp1sQr2IqmbuY7f0c5.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016139/images/A4JCeWluj6PYbM2ICsquHyMg0nuqQeOGafXr54uF.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016139/images/48eNCzssbbWyEP7cTuDpiIifi6iHFKGrGtbkUOWl.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3016_139_20221217101000_01_1671414220","onair":1671239400000,"vod_to":1702825140000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NHK WORLD PRIME_OKINAWA'S RETURN: 50 YEARS ON - Islands at Odds with Peace & Security -;en,001;3016-139-2022;","title":"NHK WORLD PRIME","title_clean":"NHK WORLD PRIME","sub_title":"OKINAWA'S RETURN: 50 YEARS ON - Islands at Odds with Peace & Security -","sub_title_clean":"OKINAWA'S RETURN: 50 YEARS ON - Islands at Odds with Peace & Security -","description":"In May, people in Japan's southwestern islands of Okinawa marked 50 years since the American military rule came to an end. Though the fierce battle scars linger, the islanders are now caught up in the rising tensions between the US and China over Taiwan. And the nation's Self-Defense Forces are boosting their presence. We look at how the new geopolitical situation poses big security questions to the islands. And we follow young people there, who are joining the SDF, to gauge their swinging emotions.","description_clean":"In May, people in Japan's southwestern islands of Okinawa marked 50 years since the American military rule came to an end. Though the fierce battle scars linger, the islanders are now caught up in the rising tensions between the US and China over Taiwan. And the nation's Self-Defense Forces are boosting their presence. We look at how the new geopolitical situation poses big security questions to the islands. And we follow young people there, who are joining the SDF, to gauge their swinging emotions.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016139/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":804,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bento","pgm_id":"2077","pgm_no":"034","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077034/images/bL8YbyK9qHIDlZuN0PKNRk4vizkgXNvbswEeANJF.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077034/images/Y2FEFpAGprVf8POGORSZuxx79sZMLa3iZ62e2GHM.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077034/images/6bcrI4xHwcI8MYh5Zho0JYwHZw1DViJIAxET4l3D.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["id","pt","th","vi"],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2077_034_20210531103000_01_1622425757","onair":1622424600000,"vod_to":1702738740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BENTO EXPO_Season 6-4 Yaki-udon Bento & Rice Korokke Bento;en,001;2077-034-2021;","title":"BENTO EXPO","title_clean":"BENTO EXPO","sub_title":"Season 6-4 Yaki-udon Bento & Rice Korokke Bento","sub_title_clean":"Season 6-4 Yaki-udon Bento & Rice Korokke Bento","description":"Marc's bento features sweet and savory Yaki-udon noodles. 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Due to the pandemic, it drew the attention of Chinese.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058968/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"asiainsight","pgm_id":"2022","pgm_no":"372","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022372/images/RsTwKEQ8DejH4tcBkOeG6grgxpVXJERJZ0SK1czo.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022372/images/PRu0H0VgS52Ou2ozIYjZS4z5cg04HxYzWcuznGGI.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022372/images/eecRLlvmpMQs1nbpxIQk5xttp7VEcfU1mhVfRx1y.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2022_372_20221216193000_01_1671188707","onair":1671150600000,"vod_to":1702738740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Asia Insight_From Disaster to Frontier: Fukushima's New Residents;en,001;2022-372-2022;","title":"Asia Insight","title_clean":"Asia Insight","sub_title":"From Disaster to Frontier: Fukushima's New Residents","sub_title_clean":"From Disaster to Frontier: Fukushima's New Residents","description":"The 2011 nuclear meltdown in Fukushima Prefecture forced many people to evacuate for years. While many locals have not returned even after decontamination, the number of residents moving in from other areas of the country has shown an increase. They come to towns in the region sensing new opportunities. One man opened a brewery serving unique beverages, while another came to support the community. Original residents who endured the disaster welcome these new contributions as they work together for the future of their towns.","description_clean":"The 2011 nuclear meltdown in Fukushima Prefecture forced many people to evacuate for years. While many locals have not returned even after decontamination, the number of residents moving in from other areas of the country has shown an increase. They come to towns in the region sensing new opportunities. One man opened a brewery serving unique beverages, while another came to support the community. Original residents who endured the disaster welcome these new contributions as they work together for the future of their towns.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2022372/","category":[12,15],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["fukushima"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologyplus","pgm_id":"2032","pgm_no":"279","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032279/images/vFhsKxmaL4259DyDXoQhaf4UHaMQX7pTtqGBILeB.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032279/images/NimLyL4ZBIyhrEzdw35oD0zk4HbpmHCiivgwIYkW.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032279/images/taxMtBjznJ3cFtaF9U81qQKioPoEAAgPernwmw6Z.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt","vi"],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2032_279_20221215113000_01_1671073515","onair":1671071400000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus_The Samurai of the Sea: The Murakami Legacy;en,001;2032-279-2022;","title":"Japanology Plus","title_clean":"Japanology Plus","sub_title":"The Samurai of the Sea: The Murakami Legacy","sub_title_clean":"The Samurai of the Sea: The Murakami Legacy","description":"*First broadcast on December 15, 2022.
Around 500 years ago, sea traffic in the Seto Inland Sea was monitored and controlled by a group called the \"Murakami Kaizoku.\" The word \"kaizoku\" translates to \"pirates,\" but these seafarers weren't thieves; they actually helped to keep the area safe. In the second of two episodes about the Murakami Kaizoku, we go to the clan's island birthplace and visit a home that has many related historical artifacts. We also learn how the story of the Murakami Kaizoku is being told in fiction and drama.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on December 15, 2022.Around 500 years ago, sea traffic in the Seto Inland Sea was monitored and controlled by a group called the \"Murakami Kaizoku.\" The word \"kaizoku\" translates to \"pirates,\" but these seafarers weren't thieves; they actually helped to keep the area safe. In the second of two episodes about the Murakami Kaizoku, we go to the clan's island birthplace and visit a home that has many related historical artifacts. 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We discover the tale behind this powder, including its inspiration: a huge earthquake that hit Kobe, Japan.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072032/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":741,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"danko","pgm_id":"6039","pgm_no":"002","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039002/images/JCQy6u81P50BvojL5lnyezGP9QggRI6V8Cp5EfdM.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039002/images/Fy9tbKaGmMovUo1ASO7Puhh5DiOUKTqj6968Peou.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6039002/images/YM1c9sBuK4UoZn4l0rxRRjq9kt4iEepfe2FMyb0I.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6039_002_20210328204000_01_1616932006","onair":1616931600000,"vod_to":1702220340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Danko&Danta, Cardboard Craft Creations!_Dinosaur;en,001;6039-002-2021;","title":"Danko&Danta, Cardboard Craft Creations!","title_clean":"Danko&Danta, Cardboard Craft Creations!","sub_title":"Dinosaur","sub_title_clean":"Dinosaur","description":"The cardboard girl, Danko, the cardboard dog, Danta, and the almighty craft master, Mr. Snips, together will make familiar toys and furniture for kids. 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Hints to make it yourself are available at https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/danko/20221210/6039002/.","description_clean":"The cardboard girl, Danko, the cardboard dog, Danta, and the almighty craft master, Mr. Snips, together will make familiar toys and furniture for kids. Be it a funny shape or something cool, what pops up in head is the beginning of craftsmanship. This program promotes kids to think, experiment, create and nurture their imagination in the most enjoyable way. In this episode, we will make a dynamic dinosaur that comes with a fun surprise! 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Matsushima Island lies on the Genkai-nada Sea and is part of Saga Prefecture. The island's main industry is fishing; local Ama divers fish for sea urchin, abalone and turban shells. But as sea temperatures rise, seaweed beds are dying, and the coastal sea life population is decreasing. Residents are struggling to make a living off of fishing alone. Yet the island boasts a high percentage of young residents who love the island and hope to spend their lives there. These young islanders have taken up the challenge of building a new economic future for their home. This program follows one such islander, Sou Hideaki, for three years, as he pioneers new industries and initiatives on the island, such as the construction of a glamping site.","description_clean":"Broadcasters' Eye showcases programs by commercial and cable television broadcasters in Japan. Matsushima Island lies on the Genkai-nada Sea and is part of Saga Prefecture. 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Hints to make it yourself are available at https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/danko/20221203/6039001/.","description_clean":"The cardboard girl, Danko, the cardboard dog, Danta, and the almighty craft master, Mr. Snips, together will make familiar toys and furniture for kids. Be it a funny shape or something cool, what pops up in head is the beginning of craftsmanship. This program promotes kids to think, experiment, create and nurture their imagination in the most enjoyable way. In this episode, we invite parents and kids to make a guitar they can actually play tunes with. 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Japan is one of the world's top consumers of cardboard. The cardboard beds used during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games captured global attention. That was just one example of the many innovative ways in which Japan has made use of this humble material. Our guest, university professor Saito Katsuhiko, introduces some new products, and comments on the cultural aspects of cardboard in Japanese life. In Plus One, Matt Alt learns how to make cardboard artwork from a master of the craft.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on November 24, 2022.Japan is one of the world's top consumers of cardboard. The cardboard beds used during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games captured global attention. That was just one example of the many innovative ways in which Japan has made use of this humble material. Our guest, university professor Saito Katsuhiko, introduces some new products, and comments on the cultural aspects of cardboard in Japanese life. 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Japanese today less frequently consume traditional foods, so businesses are holding dashi tastings and creating foods for all generations to rediscover the allure of dashi.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029185/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":1046,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript","kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"156","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054156/images/FYrIUGFhmBggPq7BhLoN7xkgbqjKY5ddn8qoKjoy.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054156/images/H7et3Nh9CJ69AVJLdtdxoO3VYb4PWRCirQOCbUno.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054156/images/dbleecpQlRV4qOxPo7tMNzyNmKjGyFInMVtqd8iE.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["fr","pt","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2054_156_20221123233000_01_1669215921","onair":1669213800000,"vod_to":1763909940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_FIG;en,001;2054-156-2022;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"FIG","sub_title_clean":"FIG","description":"Delicate and easy to spoil, figs are often sold dry. 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[J-Innovators]
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[J-Innovators]
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Moderator
Takao Minori
NHK WORLD-JAPAN News Anchor

Panelists
Paul A. Sracic
Professor, Youngstown State University in Ohio

Elaine Kamarck
Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution

Jim Dornan
Republican strategist

Fujiwara Kiichi
Professor, Chiba University","description_clean":"The US midterm elections are heating up and the outcome is far from certain. Our experts will discuss what they could mean for President Biden's policies, including in the Asia-Pacific region. Moderator Takao Minori NHK WORLD-JAPAN News Anchor Panelists Paul A. 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Host: Catherine Kobayashi
Guest: Greg Dalton, Journalist and Host, \"Climate One\"","description_clean":"More people around the world are warming to the idea of geothermal energy in the race to help keep our planet cool. If harnessed with care, the vast amount of heat below our feet is clean, stable and virtually inexhaustible. In this episode of Zeroing In, we visit a Japanese community where the locals make full use of the steam rising from below, while our partners at Northern California Public Media cover a pioneering geothermal project in which wastewater becomes a real environmental asset. Host: Catherine Kobayashi Guest: Greg Dalton, Journalist and Host, \"Climate One\"","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004895/","category":[12,15],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["climate_action","industry_innovation_and_infrastructure","affordable_and_clean_energy","sdgs","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"zeroingin","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"894","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004894/images/Tg0Eo1fiv1Yb4fq12V9ZWIjRWoEJlhIMh1zUCoDH.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004894/images/cnd9UdEy3oF30GdWEcfJjUUnS87LXWPtS1oFGcFA.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004894/images/sIcNNvtLYXPMIrcekHZ4Mxwl5q90Awwhb494UJ70.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_894_20221022091000_02_1666588309","onair":1666397400000,"vod_to":1697986740000,"movie_lengh":"25:00","movie_duration":1500,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Zeroing In: Carbon Neutral 2050_Episode 13 Concrete for the Future;en,001;3004-894-2022;","title":"Zeroing In: Carbon Neutral 2050","title_clean":"Zeroing In: Carbon Neutral 2050","sub_title":"Episode 13 Concrete for the Future","sub_title_clean":"Episode 13 Concrete for the Future","description":"City dwellers often refer to life in the \"concrete jungle,\" but most probably aren't aware of the fact that cement accounts for 8% of global emissions. Innovative efforts are underway to decarbonize the industry, so that the infrastructure and architecture we rely on can help to provide a greener future. In partnership with a US public broadcaster, we zero in on some of the researchers who are pushing the boundaries by turning alternative materials into actual building blocks.

Host: Catherine Kobayashi
Guest: Greg Dalton, Journalist and Host, \"Climate One\"","description_clean":"City dwellers often refer to life in the \"concrete jungle,\" but most probably aren't aware of the fact that cement accounts for 8% of global emissions. Innovative efforts are underway to decarbonize the industry, so that the infrastructure and architecture we rely on can help to provide a greener future. In partnership with a US public broadcaster, we zero in on some of the researchers who are pushing the boundaries by turning alternative materials into actual building blocks. 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One night, Tetsuo (Emoto Tasuku) wakes up to find himself in a meeting room at his workplace. When he returns home, his wife Chika (Suzuki Anne) tells him in horror that he had fallen off the roof of his office three years ago and died. Tetsuo has no recollection of this, but he sees that the news is buzzing about \"Re-lifers\" who have come back to life. As he starts looking into the truth behind his death, he recalls a man named Saeki (Abe Sadawo), who had been stalking him.","description_clean":"\"You died three years ago.\" A man is revived from a death he has no memory of. A suspense that soon turns into an emotional drama. One night, Tetsuo (Emoto Tasuku) wakes up to find himself in a meeting room at his workplace. When he returns home, his wife Chika (Suzuki Anne) tells him in horror that he had fallen off the roof of his office three years ago and died. Tetsuo has no recollection of this, but he sees that the news is buzzing about \"Re-lifers\" who have come back to life. 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This time, an invention that uses magnetic force to help freeze food without destroying its cell structure: a \"fresh freezing\" system. It was developed by a Japanese venture firm in 1995 as a technology that would help freeze food without altering its flavor. We look into the story behind its creation, inspired in part by microwaves, and learn about the latest versions.","description_clean":"The behind-the-scenes tales of hit products and creations from Japan: this is Japan's Top Inventions. This time, an invention that uses magnetic force to help freeze food without destroying its cell structure: a \"fresh freezing\" system. It was developed by a Japanese venture firm in 1995 as a technology that would help freeze food without altering its flavor. 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This time, an invention with which you confirm your identity just by holding out your palm: palm vein authentication. This world's first biometric technology, developed by a large Japanese manufacturer in 2003, reads the unique vein patterns in the palm to verify users' identities. It's now used in over 60 countries and regions. Discover the little-known origin story behind this top invention.","description_clean":"The behind-the-scenes tales of hit products and creations from Japan: this is Japan's Top Inventions. This time, an invention with which you confirm your identity just by holding out your palm: palm vein authentication. This world's first biometric technology, developed by a large Japanese manufacturer in 2003, reads the unique vein patterns in the palm to verify users' identities. It's now used in over 60 countries and regions. 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Many of these are world renowned, but many more remain hidden away deep in the countryside. The best way to discover these secret places – the real Japan – is to go exploring by bicycle. This time, we'll cycle through the mountains of Gunma and Tochigi Prefectures, meeting people living the traditional way, close to nature. We'll visit two World Heritage Sites.
The first is Tomioka Silk Mill, a landmark in the modernization of Japanese industry. Close by this monument to industrial history, we'll see silk making by hand, the traditional way. We'll visit Nikko Toshogu Shrine, nestling deep in a mountain forest. Lovingly restored and repaired throughout the ages, the art of these incredible buildings shines as brightly as it did 400 years ago. We'll meet the people who work in these forests, people still in touch with the old ways of nature. A 260-kilometer cycle ride through Japan's autumn mountains. Join us on a cycle ride no one has taken before.","description_clean":"Due to Japan's immensely varied landscape and climate, this island nation developed unique cultural traditions. Many of these are world renowned, but many more remain hidden away deep in the countryside. The best way to discover these secret places – the real Japan – is to go exploring by bicycle. This time, we'll cycle through the mountains of Gunma and Tochigi Prefectures, meeting people living the traditional way, close to nature. We'll visit two World Heritage Sites.The first is Tomioka Silk Mill, a landmark in the modernization of Japanese industry. Close by this monument to industrial history, we'll see silk making by hand, the traditional way. We'll visit Nikko Toshogu Shrine, nestling deep in a mountain forest. Lovingly restored and repaired throughout the ages, the art of these incredible buildings shines as brightly as it did 400 years ago. We'll meet the people who work in these forests, people still in touch with the old ways of nature. A 260-kilometer cycle ride through Japan's autumn mountains. 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And from Tottori Prefecture, Japan, famous for its sand dunes, a bento featuring another Tottori specialty, crabs.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077029/","category":[20,17],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-030"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-018"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-019"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-020"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-021"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-022"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-023"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-024"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-025"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-026"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-027"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2077-028"}],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologyplus","pgm_id":"2032","pgm_no":"275","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032275/images/hc7G9PqOjeQNCNw2cr7wPsMxoMDEYhHKYWS520FT.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032275/images/FUOAL12mlnEZRxrMiqqsxvYbzHLv0bC13CWnLgvW.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032275/images/U5A7D5FhsSvPTosCDUHugGBEb9Weohoyl3WLZED5.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt","vi"],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2032_275_20221013113000_01_1665630176","onair":1665628200000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus_Japanophiles: Andrew Dewar;en,001;2032-275-2022;","title":"Japanology Plus","title_clean":"Japanology Plus","sub_title":"Japanophiles: Andrew Dewar","sub_title_clean":"Japanophiles: Andrew Dewar","description":"*First broadcast on October 13, 2022.
Andrew Dewar, originally from Toronto, Canada, is a designer of paper airplanes. His interest was sparked at the age of ten, when he encountered a sleek, unfamiliar paper-airplane design. Dewar contacted its creator: Ninomiya Yasuaki, a Japanese master of the craft. The encounter inspired a lifelong passion. In a Japanophiles interview, Dewar tells Peter Barakan about his innovative approach to paper-airplane design, and explains why Japan is the perfect place for fans of this activity.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on October 13, 2022.Andrew Dewar, originally from Toronto, Canada, is a designer of paper airplanes. His interest was sparked at the age of ten, when he encountered a sleek, unfamiliar paper-airplane design. Dewar contacted its creator: Ninomiya Yasuaki, a Japanese master of the craft. The encounter inspired a lifelong passion. 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With the declining population, the opening of supermarket franchises and the pandemic, small shops have been struggling. We follow Owen in his efforts to reinvigorate his town of adoption, particularly with the popular Yosakoi Festival, held for the first time in three years. We also drop by a soba noodle shop in Zushi, Kanagawa Prefecture, that's run by Bangladesh-born MD Chowdhury.","description_clean":"We visit Kochi City in Kochi Prefecture to meet US-native Owen Wade, a member of a local business owners' association. With the declining population, the opening of supermarket franchises and the pandemic, small shops have been struggling. We follow Owen in his efforts to reinvigorate his town of adoption, particularly with the popular Yosakoi Festival, held for the first time in three years. 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A legacy of the Khmer Empire which ruled the area for 500 years beginning in the 9th century, Angkor served as its capital city. The majestic monuments are testimony of the impressive achievements of that era and continue to be popular tourist attractions. The people of Siem Reap take pride in the monument they consider the soul of Cambodia. In this episode, we explore the city of Siem Reap and meet its residents who embrace Buddhism and preserve the culture of the Khmer Empire.","description_clean":"Siem Reap is a popular tourist destination because it is close to the largest religious monument in the world, the temple complex of Angkor Wat. A legacy of the Khmer Empire which ruled the area for 500 years beginning in the 9th century, Angkor served as its capital city. The majestic monuments are testimony of the impressive achievements of that era and continue to be popular tourist attractions. The people of Siem Reap take pride in the monument they consider the soul of Cambodia. 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Relax in an old hot spring tied to a folk character, hide in a limestone cave formed by volcanic activity, and take in the natural surroundings on a plateau.","description_clean":"Visit kitties and their favorite spots. Relax in an old hot spring tied to a folk character, hide in a limestone cave formed by volcanic activity, and take in the natural surroundings on a plateau.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6045023/","category":[20,15],"mostwatch_ranking":447,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["animals","tochigi"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"snowcountry","pgm_id":"5011","pgm_no":"054","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011054/images/yTsNNCnGfngZe6wBFlY2ZwoW6MV1mz01JP3g3nf6.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011054/images/vcPCv6yntNatrBNOvSl8BbMbSpVIOtARZ6Mp8UVm.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011054/images/w55viFbiVKbdVujHC6vd3CelUmtegyqXu8vBrjsk.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5011_054_20221009091000_01_1665277680","onair":1665274200000,"vod_to":1696863540000,"movie_lengh":"50:00","movie_duration":3000,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Snow Country_Part 2;en,001;5011-054-2022;","title":"Snow Country","title_clean":"Snow Country","sub_title":"Part 2","sub_title_clean":"Part 2","description":"Fifty years after the death of famed novelist Kawabata Yasunari, this drama presents a new perspective on his Nobel Prize-winning work, Snow Country.

On a train bound for the snowy mountains of northwestern Japan, a writer named Shimamura notices two fellow-passengers: an ill man named Yukio and the young woman who attends him, Yoko. Gazing at their otherworldly reflection in the train window, Shimamura wonders if they might be husband and wife. Arriving at an inn, Shimamura spends the night with a geisha named Komako. The next day, he visits the room where Komako lives and finds Yoko there. It seems that Komako and Yoko live in the same house as the ill man Yukio. Komako explains that she has known Yukio since they were children, and Shimamura also comes to understand that Komako became a geisha in order to help pay Yukio's medical bills. But if so, why is Yoko the one who nurses Yukio? The complex relations among Komako, Yukio and Yoko gradually become clear to him, though he views them and his own involvement as \"wasted effort.\"

Enhanced by the charm of an ancient hot spring town, this drama explores the subtle yearnings of the heart set against the gorgeous silver scenery of Japan's snow country. The truth hidden between the lines of the original novel is slowly revealed as elements of a mystery fall into place.","description_clean":"Fifty years after the death of famed novelist Kawabata Yasunari, this drama presents a new perspective on his Nobel Prize-winning work, Snow Country. On a train bound for the snowy mountains of northwestern Japan, a writer named Shimamura notices two fellow-passengers: an ill man named Yukio and the young woman who attends him, Yoko. Gazing at their otherworldly reflection in the train window, Shimamura wonders if they might be husband and wife. Arriving at an inn, Shimamura spends the night with a geisha named Komako. The next day, he visits the room where Komako lives and finds Yoko there. It seems that Komako and Yoko live in the same house as the ill man Yukio. Komako explains that she has known Yukio since they were children, and Shimamura also comes to understand that Komako became a geisha in order to help pay Yukio's medical bills. But if so, why is Yoko the one who nurses Yukio? The complex relations among Komako, Yukio and Yoko gradually become clear to him, though he views them and his own involvement as \"wasted effort.\" Enhanced by the charm of an ancient hot spring town, this drama explores the subtle yearnings of the heart set against the gorgeous silver scenery of Japan's snow country. The truth hidden between the lines of the original novel is slowly revealed as elements of a mystery fall into place.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011054/","category":[26,21],"mostwatch_ranking":641,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"5001-346"}],"tags":["drama_showcase","snow","literature"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"topinventions","pgm_id":"2072","pgm_no":"038","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072038/images/zcASKk8x2qnpc4fIVD24aLsjRPqqPI19ijflfCZm.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072038/images/D4WqPM5gAifKfwCI790wzmI49p7s4XiIt5pJyLNq.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072038/images/7d8TdA8D5S3J0wRxoKsnRXwAtuKNAUhCQ9XvBKfj.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["vi"],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2072_038_20200827004500_01_1598457844","onair":1598456700000,"vod_to":1696777140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan's Top Inventions_Dinosaur Robots;en,001;2072-038-2020;","title":"Japan's Top Inventions","title_clean":"Japan's Top Inventions","sub_title":"Dinosaur Robots","sub_title_clean":"Dinosaur Robots","description":"The behind-the-scenes tales of hit products and creations from Japan: this is Japan's Top Inventions. This time, an invention installed in museums around the world: dinosaur robots. Using cylinders that expand and contract with air pressure to replicate realistic movements, these robots make it look as if the dinosaurs are really alive. We discover the little-known story of how Japanese inventors made these robots look so real.","description_clean":"The behind-the-scenes tales of hit products and creations from Japan: this is Japan's Top Inventions. This time, an invention installed in museums around the world: dinosaur robots. Using cylinders that expand and contract with air pressure to replicate realistic movements, these robots make it look as if the dinosaurs are really alive. We discover the little-known story of how Japanese inventors made these robots look so real.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2072038/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1324,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["technology","robots"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"cycle","pgm_id":"2066","pgm_no":"051","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2066051/images/uFHISDu9DveaYzXWSa44q5Juq0JcI5joXcZScu5r.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2066051/images/M3OxsUGCtICbGIodFJjg6hSQDsvyxMGdnSwDdXqz.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2066051/images/C56eM4scOGBorhfohlXg7d3Gi5rSGpz81kqMstZs.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2066_051_20221008111000_01_1665198412","onair":1665195000000,"vod_to":1696777140000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;CYCLE AROUND JAPAN_Fukushima - Taking Life Day by Day;en,001;2066-051-2022;","title":"CYCLE AROUND JAPAN","title_clean":"CYCLE AROUND JAPAN","sub_title":"Fukushima - Taking Life Day by Day","sub_title_clean":"Fukushima - Taking Life Day by Day","description":"Fukushima Prefecture, with its beautiful mountains and coastline, is home to people who have survived disaster and come out stronger. We meet a peach grower thriving again after the great 2011 quake, a family that rebuilt their seaside hotel destroyed by the tsunami, shopkeepers organizing a summer festival after a two-year pandemic gap, highschoolers continuing Fukushima's samurai horse riding legacy, and three women friends who have staffed a tiny country station together for 35 years.","description_clean":"Fukushima Prefecture, with its beautiful mountains and coastline, is home to people who have survived disaster and come out stronger. We meet a peach grower thriving again after the great 2011 quake, a family that rebuilt their seaside hotel destroyed by the tsunami, shopkeepers organizing a summer festival after a two-year pandemic gap, highschoolers continuing Fukushima's samurai horse riding legacy, and three women friends who have staffed a tiny country station together for 35 years.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2066051/","category":[18],"mostwatch_ranking":641,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript","fukushima"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"worldprime","pgm_id":"3016","pgm_no":"130","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016130/images/Nb9u4qOBdiemRUadPTg9811S18clCotzJJFj8SkK.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016130/images/LfYwGimqqgwkYGt12nQsHEOL88aIkUgD6rZccerz.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016130/images/GfBGMI8UYXi4SIX5R3zlHgKAO7G26iI335AyR1ZC.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3016_130_20221008101000_01_1665451942","onair":1665191400000,"vod_to":1696777140000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NHK WORLD PRIME_Land of Rising Dreams?;en,001;3016-130-2022;","title":"NHK WORLD PRIME","title_clean":"NHK WORLD PRIME","sub_title":"Land of Rising Dreams?","sub_title_clean":"Land of Rising Dreams?","description":"\"Japan is a developed country. A good country.\" That's what many Vietnamese people believe when they come to Japan as technical intern trainees. For four years, NHK has followed 10 Vietnamese intern trainees who arrived with a dream, but were subjected to harsh conditions, long working hours, wage theft, and violence. The COVID-19 pandemic made their lives even more difficult. Then, six of them fled from their workplace. What became of them? Our investigation uncovered the dire situation that they and many others like them face, including illegal lenders, unwanted pregnancy and abortion, and the coronavirus itself. What can be done to change this harsh reality?

The 2023 New York Festivals TV & Film Awards gold winner for best continuing news coverage.","description_clean":"\"Japan is a developed country. A good country.\" That's what many Vietnamese people believe when they come to Japan as technical intern trainees. For four years, NHK has followed 10 Vietnamese intern trainees who arrived with a dream, but were subjected to harsh conditions, long working hours, wage theft, and violence. The COVID-19 pandemic made their lives even more difficult. Then, six of them fled from their workplace. What became of them? Our investigation uncovered the dire situation that they and many others like them face, including illegal lenders, unwanted pregnancy and abortion, and the coronavirus itself. What can be done to change this harsh reality? The 2023 New York Festivals TV & Film Awards gold winner for best continuing news coverage.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016130/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1324,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript","award"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"738","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004738/images/PWsapiWlMjeOAHxdmKXEJjAbzCOZ0GNxUhQAb7FT.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004738/images/mjNV5qpYMArEFh7UmWN5vyy5rXqtB1BkjyaW4Une.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004738/images/txPnfxezWnq5ws5LpIUkKGziVkiY3xhi035EHVhl.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt","ru","vi"],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_3004_738_20210619091000_01_1624065048","onair":1624061400000,"vod_to":1696777140000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_PRESERVED FOODS;en,001;3004-738-2021;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"PRESERVED FOODS","sub_title_clean":"PRESERVED FOODS","description":"This episode showcases Japan's long history of food preservation and the ingenious methods that have been developed over the centuries. Whether by employing salt, the open air, or a natural fermentation process, careful preservation has allowed for the enjoyment of seasonal delicacies all year round. Dive for hijiki seaweed, try your hand at creating kamaboko, and feast your eyes on many other household favorites like umeboshi.","description_clean":"This episode showcases Japan's long history of food preservation and the ingenious methods that have been developed over the centuries. Whether by employing salt, the open air, or a natural fermentation process, careful preservation has allowed for the enjoyment of seasonal delicacies all year round. Dive for hijiki seaweed, try your hand at creating kamaboko, and feast your eyes on many other household favorites like umeboshi.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004738/","category":[20,17],"mostwatch_ranking":928,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["life_on_land","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"treasure_tochigi","pgm_id":"5002","pgm_no":"016","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5002016/images/Q5sZ7BMhTAtfoEuCPCxKbxWafYFhO0u1ht1BFwEM.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5002016/images/saD7OfGK9tjL1bDItoD2e8rc7rBadNMuJ4FQUwVW.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5002016/images/WGc1801JIbyMt6g70ddnlfChSPoT3rZXWqL1OTZl.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5002_016_20221007172300_01_1665131248","onair":1665130980000,"vod_to":1696690740000,"movie_lengh":"3:00","movie_duration":180,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Treasure Box Japan: Tochigi_Shimotsukare: A Tasty Tradition;en,001;5002-016-2022;","title":"Treasure Box Japan: Tochigi","title_clean":"Treasure Box Japan: Tochigi","sub_title":"Shimotsukare: A Tasty Tradition","sub_title_clean":"Shimotsukare: A Tasty Tradition","description":"\"Shimotsukare,\" a traditional Tochigi dish. 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Featuring root vegetables like radishes and carrots, fish heads and other leftovers; a much loved waste-not-want-not dish.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5002016/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["tochigi"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bento","pgm_id":"2077","pgm_no":"060","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077060/images/A0kwJNtl9MF9AqElv9KwZQQLuQpr99MgXFzKvmjY.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077060/images/V1m2ySfJCmw5MLDjiJBbuHtZDYVTO0Y5weeBjXbt.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077060/images/kjuo21USfDAtxKUA3sL4CdjO5A6wcrgQsR02MYKw.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["id","pt","th","vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2077_060_20221007103000_01_1665107303","onair":1665106200000,"vod_to":1696690740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BENTO EXPO_Season 7-10 Tochigi Special: Chicken Wing Gyoza Bento & Nori Gyoza Bento;en,001;2077-060-2022;","title":"BENTO EXPO","title_clean":"BENTO EXPO","sub_title":"Season 7-10 Tochigi Special: Chicken Wing Gyoza Bento & Nori Gyoza Bento","sub_title_clean":"Season 7-10 Tochigi Special: Chicken Wing Gyoza Bento & Nori Gyoza Bento","description":"Today: we travel to Tochigi Prefecture and meet some of its foreign residents, including bento makers and restaurant owners. 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Maki and Marc prepare bentos inspired by Tochigi.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077060/","category":[20,17],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript","tochigi"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanrailway","pgm_id":"2049","pgm_no":"118","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049118/images/NrSCf1pvKrYVdUk2zg6lg73aBFmAxaAjuDquv3Lw.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049118/images/YVqk67x9tJ5Otptx4Oq4qAQsTNhGrhXIS4qIQjpQ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049118/images/QUYRIzax0NhcsvumEpK3UnXrH050NbzfZNRacVxb.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2049_118_20221006233000_01_1665068566","onair":1665066600000,"vod_to":1759762740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan Railway Journal_Yagan Railway: Surviving as a Connecting Line;en,001;2049-118-2022;","title":"Japan Railway Journal","title_clean":"Japan Railway Journal","sub_title":"Yagan Railway: Surviving as a Connecting Line","sub_title_clean":"Yagan Railway: Surviving as a Connecting Line","description":"Yagan Railway is a third-sector railway that started service in 1986, operating between Shin-fujiwara Station in Tochigi Prefecture and Aizukogen-ozeguchi Station in Fukushima Prefecture. 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Will it be possible to find the perfect waves?","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2069109/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript","hokkaido"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hometown","pgm_id":"5003","pgm_no":"208","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003208/images/3b9M4LxNvhXuhnwFNYhccruS7OemrSBk27KZ1wlB.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003208/images/xqdZuQCJ4mXdF3JLXP1czKYuxGXGxlO90tgpeoQr.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003208/images/d8YD95l5he0c7C9sUcvG2tHlpLWVMi1emCzNfXQh.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["zh","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5003_208_20221002101000_01_1664762272","onair":1664673000000,"vod_to":1727881140000,"movie_lengh":"29:15","movie_duration":1755,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Hometown Stories_Discovering Myself Through Dementia;en,001;5003-208-2022;","title":"Hometown Stories","title_clean":"Hometown Stories","sub_title":"Discovering Myself Through Dementia","sub_title_clean":"Discovering Myself Through Dementia","description":"After Shimosaka Atsushi was diagnosed with dementia at the age of 46, he felt that his life was over. 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Follow his journey as he shares glimpses of his life and feelings through social media, and discovers that one's most important memories will always remain.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003208/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":192,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"4001-424"}],"tags":["photography"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"snowcountry","pgm_id":"5011","pgm_no":"053","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011053/images/ZDYHN25BHEWO8rGv4M2OjgNIxJ3H1T4RP3hoetIz.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011053/images/hR4fV0bSuXmtbXypbk8oPixyoAraT5thm8SE69f7.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011053/images/NexXNyBoodLUZBgJvc2n903Zd0hntnCgSe4Zn4Rt.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5011_053_20221002091000_01_1664672882","onair":1664669400000,"vod_to":1696258740000,"movie_lengh":"50:00","movie_duration":3000,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Snow Country_Part 1;en,001;5011-053-2022;","title":"Snow Country","title_clean":"Snow Country","sub_title":"Part 1","sub_title_clean":"Part 1","description":"A dramatization of the classic of Japanese and world literature depicting a story of doomed love in a wintry setting.

Fifty years after the death of famed novelist Kawabata Yasunari, this drama presents a new perspective on his Nobel Prize-winning work, Snow Country.

On a train bound for the snowy mountains of northwestern Japan, a writer named Shimamura notices two fellow-passengers: an ill man named Yukio and the young woman who attends him, Yoko. Gazing at their otherworldly reflection in the train window, Shimamura wonders if they might be husband and wife. Arriving at an inn, Shimamura spends the night with a geisha named Komako. The next day, he visits the room where Komako lives and finds Yoko there. It seems that Komako and Yoko live in the same house as the ill man Yukio. Komako explains that she has known Yukio since they were children, and Shimamura also comes to understand that Komako became a geisha in order to help pay Yukio's medical bills. But if so, why is Yoko the one who nurses Yukio? The complex relations among Komako, Yukio and Yoko gradually become clear to him, though he views them and his own involvement as \"wasted effort.\"

Enhanced by the charm of an ancient hot spring town, this drama explores the subtle yearnings of the heart set against the gorgeous silver scenery of Japan's snow country. The truth hidden between the lines of the original novel is slowly revealed as elements of a mystery fall into place.","description_clean":"A dramatization of the classic of Japanese and world literature depicting a story of doomed love in a wintry setting. Fifty years after the death of famed novelist Kawabata Yasunari, this drama presents a new perspective on his Nobel Prize-winning work, Snow Country. On a train bound for the snowy mountains of northwestern Japan, a writer named Shimamura notices two fellow-passengers: an ill man named Yukio and the young woman who attends him, Yoko. Gazing at their otherworldly reflection in the train window, Shimamura wonders if they might be husband and wife. Arriving at an inn, Shimamura spends the night with a geisha named Komako. The next day, he visits the room where Komako lives and finds Yoko there. It seems that Komako and Yoko live in the same house as the ill man Yukio. Komako explains that she has known Yukio since they were children, and Shimamura also comes to understand that Komako became a geisha in order to help pay Yukio's medical bills. But if so, why is Yoko the one who nurses Yukio? The complex relations among Komako, Yukio and Yoko gradually become clear to him, though he views them and his own involvement as \"wasted effort.\" Enhanced by the charm of an ancient hot spring town, this drama explores the subtle yearnings of the heart set against the gorgeous silver scenery of Japan's snow country. The truth hidden between the lines of the original novel is slowly revealed as elements of a mystery fall into place.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5011053/","category":[26,21],"mostwatch_ranking":253,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"5001-346"}],"tags":["drama_showcase","snow","literature"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"timetide","pgm_id":"3022","pgm_no":"015","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022015/images/lAuXZgrPlrHr2XE4p6Q8fYnVRhQz3bxDziCN2XNN.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022015/images/JK0akbIixInGXyueKhHKGk1byEObSIrmFtmWGZD9.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022015/images/cD3DGCVyxY6TMQQwnn6X3ZDQfdVVfD0f5jRsXMfQ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3022_015_20221001131000_01_1664599370","onair":1664597400000,"vod_to":1696172340000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Time and Tide_YOKAI: Exploring Hidden Japanese Folklore – ZASHIKI WARASHI;en,001;3022-015-2022;","title":"Time and Tide","title_clean":"Time and Tide","sub_title":"YOKAI: Exploring Hidden Japanese Folklore – ZASHIKI WARASHI","sub_title_clean":"YOKAI: Exploring Hidden Japanese Folklore – ZASHIKI WARASHI","description":"In Japan, strange phenomena are said to be the work of creatures known as yokai. 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In this episode, yokai researcher Michael Dylan Foster explores the legend of the Zashiki Warashi.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3022015/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":641,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2043-076"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2007-482"}],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"worldprime","pgm_id":"3016","pgm_no":"129","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016129/images/Kny9vfPK7r0BhoPtPduZmJEKx5zRaclpWZDPskh0.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016129/images/gjceiG8FXLc3n3JJ01XNltgeMMmRnxQbzknShK4f.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016129/images/vW6GEmWAS0ouYTwNnZioUqBWUvIVvc61UBm3xQWs.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["uk"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"02_nw_vod_v_en_3016_129_20221001101000_01_1664762012","onair":1664586600000,"vod_to":1696172340000,"movie_lengh":"50:00","movie_duration":3000,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NHK WORLD PRIME_Art is Our Voice;en,001;3016-129-2022;","title":"NHK WORLD PRIME","title_clean":"NHK WORLD PRIME","sub_title":"Art is Our Voice","sub_title_clean":"Art is Our Voice","description":"We follow 21 dancers from Ukraine's famed National Opera and Ballet Theater on their summer Japan tour. 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NHK cameras capture the company members' month-long emotional journey.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016129/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":708,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2087-068"}],"tags":["dance","ukraine","nhk_top_docs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bento","pgm_id":"2077","pgm_no":"059","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077059/images/500wdxmO8jIHKJz34D2m6zvT5lamWgS3V1I8sh81.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077059/images/81jxHZPpdXxjbaOjXuzSUkGUW2O9v9iZbsIXFYzU.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2077059/images/hzIjOVe4gpjuL3HMMh3YgcHDHeGieqOgyqPs2Hs1.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["id","pt","th","vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2077_059_20220930103000_01_1664502501","onair":1664501400000,"vod_to":1696085940000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BENTO EXPO_Season 7-9 Maple-miso Chicken Bento & Maple-mustard Pork Bento;en,001;2077-059-2022;","title":"BENTO EXPO","title_clean":"BENTO EXPO","sub_title":"Season 7-9 Maple-miso Chicken Bento & Maple-mustard Pork Bento","sub_title_clean":"Season 7-9 Maple-miso Chicken Bento & Maple-mustard Pork Bento","description":"Today: a look at some of the most popular user submissions to our website. 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Japan suffers from frequent water-related natural disasters, such as flooding, landslides and storm surges. Throughout history, methods to mitigate their effects have been devised. Our guest, university professor Kawaike Kenji, introduces a facility that recreates disaster conditions in order to study them. We hear why these events are so common in Japan, and explore some potential solutions. And in Plus One, Matt Alt tries out some innovative emergency supplies.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on September 29, 2022.Japan suffers from frequent water-related natural disasters, such as flooding, landslides and storm surges. Throughout history, methods to mitigate their effects have been devised. Our guest, university professor Kawaike Kenji, introduces a facility that recreates disaster conditions in order to study them. We hear why these events are so common in Japan, and explore some potential solutions. And in Plus One, Matt Alt tries out some innovative emergency supplies.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032274/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":349,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"kabukikool","pgm_id":"2035","pgm_no":"081","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2035081/images/hnp7WxdwRAZCvxz5gc6bnSXtxt11QE4LmHiXmSyM.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2035081/images/jWtCfZhxYO8LoeIPCDELTdHUZ1TiBciUUJWRn1xo.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2035081/images/LjOlfQC2alCF2ls5NZ8ucVCnJSqY8tF4KfrLPOCG.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2035_081_20220928133000_01_1664341374","onair":1646195400000,"vod_to":1695913140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;KABUKI KOOL_The Tale of Lord Okura: Dedicated to Genji's Revival;en,001;2035-081-2022;","title":"KABUKI KOOL","title_clean":"KABUKI KOOL","sub_title":"The Tale of Lord Okura: Dedicated to Genji's Revival","sub_title_clean":"The Tale of Lord Okura: Dedicated to Genji's Revival","description":"Actor Kataoka Ainosuke explores a play where two people must hide their true characters and feelings to survive a turbulent historic era. 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In the final moments, Lord Okura appears in this spectacular costume to show that he is revealing his inner self.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2035081/","category":[19,20],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"rising","pgm_id":"2042","pgm_no":"129","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042129/images/DAQx2LvtUl4T3rWak2BmL6KnqX57RcjEruez27rd.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042129/images/aHKUg9gPL31r2c1VN4k6NIGQCbU2F1kRiY7geNF5.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042129/images/scYwnYlCFJtGtFOWLrkFHt7OvOSebAkTdiqmova3.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2042_129_20220928113000_01_1664334176","onair":1664332200000,"vod_to":1727535540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;RISING_Revitalizing Overlooked Communities: Glamping Pioneer - Hashimura Kazunori;en,001;2042-129-2022;","title":"RISING","title_clean":"RISING","sub_title":"Revitalizing Overlooked Communities: Glamping Pioneer - Hashimura Kazunori","sub_title_clean":"Revitalizing Overlooked Communities: Glamping Pioneer - Hashimura Kazunori","description":"Hashimura Kazunori specializes in rejuvenating unlikely destinations as luxury glamping sites. Since his first venture, a secluded cove in Shizuoka Prefecture that now receives some 3,000 visitors per year, his model has helped revitalize various depopulation-hit areas, like one Gunma village where the unmanned local train station was reborn as a glamping hub, creating jobs and even attracting new residents. We follow his latest project, the transformation of an abandoned school in Fukuoka Prefecture.","description_clean":"Hashimura Kazunori specializes in rejuvenating unlikely destinations as luxury glamping sites. Since his first venture, a secluded cove in Shizuoka Prefecture that now receives some 3,000 visitors per year, his model has helped revitalize various depopulation-hit areas, like one Gunma village where the unmanned local train station was reborn as a glamping hub, creating jobs and even attracting new residents. We follow his latest project, the transformation of an abandoned school in Fukuoka Prefecture.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042129/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"15minutes","pgm_id":"3019","pgm_no":"146","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019146/images/SKu7ZulhPHXJz5yq5bsY31nxEuPc2BqZuv6oSLyI.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019146/images/IA8PIsoeXZm6XNZV92Q0kJNBFIAeZqHlRBJC2S03.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019146/images/K1V259FDmhALHvnRGoYVSPOzqSjC5yx4zmbKFNr5.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3019_146_20211229103000_01_1640742552","onair":1640741400000,"vod_to":1695913140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;15 Minutes_Fishing Crazy: Anglers in Wonderland;en,001;3019-146-2021;","title":"15 Minutes","title_clean":"15 Minutes","sub_title":"Fishing Crazy: Anglers in Wonderland","sub_title_clean":"Fishing Crazy: Anglers in Wonderland","description":"We venture to the sandy coastline southwest of Tokyo where the water remains shallow far into the sea – perfect conditions for surf fishing enthusiasts. To catch a variety of tasty local fish, they pivot and swing their rod in a wide arc as they throw their line over distances that sometimes can exceed 200m! According to these anglers, casting their line as far as possible transports them to a fairytale wonderland where, along with their rig, they send their mind flying above the ocean.","description_clean":"We venture to the sandy coastline southwest of Tokyo where the water remains shallow far into the sea – perfect conditions for surf fishing enthusiasts. To catch a variety of tasty local fish, they pivot and swing their rod in a wide arc as they throw their line over distances that sometimes can exceed 200m! According to these anglers, casting their line as far as possible transports them to a fairytale wonderland where, along with their rig, they send their mind flying above the ocean.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019146/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-096"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-113"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-128"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-142"}],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"reneschool","pgm_id":"3021","pgm_no":"009","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3021009/images/8zUnEI7RsdMk58jXbMLao2L3bpPLNKIOkcplXkD4.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3021009/images/BzsLQYBjEx8R9nBAiPCiZZv7cSuIoebnWHSl8faI.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3021009/images/mtRjUPxXv9FRlHcMrnHrt63k8DCMt6ikt3ZiXXeo.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3021_009_20220928093000_01_1664326980","onair":1664325000000,"vod_to":1695913140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Rene Goes to School_Finding Confidence in One's Identity;en,001;3021-009-2022;","title":"Rene Goes to School","title_clean":"Rene Goes to School","sub_title":"Finding Confidence in One's Identity","sub_title_clean":"Finding Confidence in One's Identity","description":"Rene is a Cameroonian manga creator. His popular manga deals with the cultural differences he faced growing up as an African boy in Japan. Now, Rene meets with foreign children living in Japan to turn their experiences into manga. On this episode, we meet seventeen-year-old Upama from Nepal, who came to Japan at the age of four. Unable to fit in at Japanese school and in Nepal, she struggles with her racial identity. We follow Rene and Upama as they create a manga and introduce it at an event.","description_clean":"Rene is a Cameroonian manga creator. His popular manga deals with the cultural differences he faced growing up as an African boy in Japan. Now, Rene meets with foreign children living in Japan to turn their experiences into manga. On this episode, we meet seventeen-year-old Upama from Nepal, who came to Japan at the age of four. Unable to fit in at Japanese school and in Nepal, she struggles with her racial identity. We follow Rene and Upama as they create a manga and introduce it at an event.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3021009/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["reduced_inequalities","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"scienceview","pgm_id":"2015","pgm_no":"263","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015263/images/aG4bHOerxcwecShGlRyQFpJJpjd6BbqiRbm33nQu.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015263/images/iknIwnIm3J936VipmuFql47yVtNcGPMCmTQ9jTCw.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015263/images/W42d7cEsipDiLo2MZBbXKgull8ukr8jsNbBboS77.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2015_263_20220927233000_01_1664290988","onair":1629815400000,"vod_to":1695826740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Science View_Creating Next-generation Inks that Never Fade;en,001;2015-263-2021;","title":"Science View","title_clean":"Science View","sub_title":"Creating Next-generation Inks that Never Fade","sub_title_clean":"Creating Next-generation Inks that Never Fade","description":"Most of the colors we see around us are produced by the reflection of light from pigments. Yet there is another type of color called \"structural color,\" produced when light is reflected off the special microstructure of a surface. Structural color is what makes the surface of soap bubbles iridescent and the body of a jewel beetle appear to glitter. While pigmented colors have the disadvantage of fading due to ultraviolet rays, structural colors retain their appearance as long as the microstructure remains intact. Associate Professor Michinari Kohri of Chiba University is working to artificially reproduce these structural colors. Taking a hint from the structural colors of peacock and turkey feathers, he has succeeded in reproducing the microstructure that gives rise to the colors and is now working on the development of special ink that will not fade. Practical applications of this groundbreaking technology could not only include posters and paintings but also cultural assets as well. In this program, we'll take a closer look at Associate Professor Kohri's research, which aims to commercialize next-generation ink that produces structural color.","description_clean":"Most of the colors we see around us are produced by the reflection of light from pigments. Yet there is another type of color called \"structural color,\" produced when light is reflected off the special microstructure of a surface. Structural color is what makes the surface of soap bubbles iridescent and the body of a jewel beetle appear to glitter. While pigmented colors have the disadvantage of fading due to ultraviolet rays, structural colors retain their appearance as long as the microstructure remains intact. Associate Professor Michinari Kohri of Chiba University is working to artificially reproduce these structural colors. Taking a hint from the structural colors of peacock and turkey feathers, he has succeeded in reproducing the microstructure that gives rise to the colors and is now working on the development of special ink that will not fade. Practical applications of this groundbreaking technology could not only include posters and paintings but also cultural assets as well. In this program, we'll take a closer look at Associate Professor Kohri's research, which aims to commercialize next-generation ink that produces structural color.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015263/","category":[14,23],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[{"title":"","start_time":22,"image_path":null}],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"medicalfrontiers","pgm_id":"2050","pgm_no":"132","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2050132/images/yeAXDeKuL4SNfr50jhEBE56RV66yojar6hNA88KQ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2050132/images/uSAeY7E1nXKTOzljvy1WPreD9rW8BfPr5pE0zYXO.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2050132/images/zhPYtlfPso50QSyluJuYIzIM4jeT8iVrRUTsdsRq.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2050_132_20220926233000_01_1664204578","onair":1664202600000,"vod_to":1695740340000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Medical Frontiers_Stopping Migraines in Their Tracks;en,001;2050-132-2022;","title":"Medical Frontiers","title_clean":"Medical Frontiers","sub_title":"Stopping Migraines in Their Tracks","sub_title_clean":"Stopping Migraines in Their Tracks","description":"New preventive drugs for migraines were approved in Japan in 2021. The drugs contain antibodies that target a substance that plays a key role in migraines. In a clinical trial, around 70% of patients had a 50% drop in headache frequency. Separately, an item essential to patients called a headache diary has been developed into a smartphone app by a Japanese company. Their entries are shared with their doctors, making consultations smoother and more efficient.","description_clean":"New preventive drugs for migraines were approved in Japan in 2021. The drugs contain antibodies that target a substance that plays a key role in migraines. In a clinical trial, around 70% of patients had a 50% drop in headache frequency. Separately, an item essential to patients called a headache diary has been developed into a smartphone app by a Japanese company. Their entries are shared with their doctors, making consultations smoother and more efficient.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2050132/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":554,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"culturecrossroads","pgm_id":"2084","pgm_no":"032","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084032/images/AfihR1ISxrAXOnj66d6QfcHAsWRN0br4Bc12BGGB.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084032/images/rjKlwIlah6As2sgBZ2lqf8vB5uO5QtVlU4nsrgm9.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084032/images/YS4Gxu1x9GF0R67f7jQw844cBa8YYfoqU9oP6YNz.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2084_032_20220926103000_01_1664156540","onair":1664155800000,"vod_to":1727362740000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Culture Crossroads_Fighting for Marriage Equality in Japan;en,001;2084-032-2022;","title":"Culture Crossroads","title_clean":"Culture Crossroads","sub_title":"Fighting for Marriage Equality in Japan","sub_title_clean":"Fighting for Marriage Equality in Japan","description":"Machi and Theresa are a lesbian couple living in Kyoto Prefecture. They were officially wed in Theresa's native US, but as their union isn't legally recognized in Japan, the two aren't family under the law. Thanks to donor insemination, Theresa became a mother, but Machi cannot officially be the child's parent. We follow the couple's efforts to overcome obstacles in their pursuit for marriage equality.","description_clean":"Machi and Theresa are a lesbian couple living in Kyoto Prefecture. They were officially wed in Theresa's native US, but as their union isn't legally recognized in Japan, the two aren't family under the law. Thanks to donor insemination, Theresa became a mother, but Machi cannot officially be the child's parent. 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She talks about her work and how it explores gender issues and feminist themes.","description_clean":"Matsuda Aoko won a prestigious international fantasy fiction prize in 2021 for one of her short story collections. She talks about her work and how it explores gender issues and feminist themes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058948/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"callhome","pgm_id":"2087","pgm_no":"075","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2087075/images/cykxV0qDooAm0Rk7NO8EfUrXDN4pK5FC1NzMUglF.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2087075/images/MX7m0iYCTxdWn1sb2ADW3rf6SAv76P6DpIcs180C.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2087075/images/qayoX7h44wGdLA2HwhSdcePeolnUYBzh1qzmv16W.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2087_075_20220926093000_01_1664154104","onair":1664152200000,"vod_to":1695740340000,"movie_lengh":"27:00","movie_duration":1620,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Where We Call Home_Saving the Serpentine Soup of Ryukyu;en,001;2087-075-2022;","title":"Where We Call Home","title_clean":"Where We Call Home","sub_title":"Saving the Serpentine Soup of Ryukyu","sub_title_clean":"Saving the Serpentine Soup of Ryukyu","description":"On this episode, we go to Kitanakagusuku Village in Okinawa Prefecture to meet US-born Alex Hopson, who works at a restaurant that serves a kind of soup with an unusual main ingredient - venomous sea snake! It's a dish that dates back to when the Ryukyu Kingdom ruled over Okinawa. Alex has made it his mission to preserve this unique soup and the local culinary culture. We also visit a language school in Hiroshima Prefecture where Benjamin Stringer, also from the US, cleverly combines English and piano lessons.","description_clean":"On this episode, we go to Kitanakagusuku Village in Okinawa Prefecture to meet US-born Alex Hopson, who works at a restaurant that serves a kind of soup with an unusual main ingredient - venomous sea snake! It's a dish that dates back to when the Ryukyu Kingdom ruled over Okinawa. Alex has made it his mission to preserve this unique soup and the local culinary culture. We also visit a language school in Hiroshima Prefecture where Benjamin Stringer, also from the US, cleverly combines English and piano lessons.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2087075/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3004-863"}],"tags":["transcript","going_international","local_cuisine","okinawa"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"noartnolife","pgm_id":"6123","pgm_no":"029","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6123029/images/sRSlRCR69E6pXlh5hK0RLddwW6g7xhPYOSzsntIA.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6123029/images/uiBsJoZwKxbeuHpFjCBR07ZreJYkK9DQ5Mgawrep.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6123029/images/NOpSXUyZMMVAKjp3cfMznyhiZRAWleun4sYEp9Il.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6123_029_20220925114000_01_1664074345","onair":1664073600000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;no art, no life_no art, no life plus: Baba Haruto, Niigata;en,001;6123-029-2022;","title":"no art, no life","title_clean":"no art, no life","sub_title":"no art, no life plus: Baba Haruto, Niigata","sub_title_clean":"no art, no life plus: Baba Haruto, Niigata","description":"This episode of \"no art, no life plus\" features Baba Haruto (22) who lives in Joetsu, Niigata Prefecture. He was 5 the first time he drew numbers on the walls of his room, using pastel crayons. Now, seventeen years later, the colorful numbers continue to multiply, and he has even covered the walls of the living room. Not influenced by existing art or trends, nor by education, these artists and their works are gaining worldwide recognition. Devoted to creation, not for anyone else or even for themselves, they have a powerful presence. The program delves into Baba Haruto's creative process and attempts to capture his unique form of expression.","description_clean":"This episode of \"no art, no life plus\" features Baba Haruto (22) who lives in Joetsu, Niigata Prefecture. He was 5 the first time he drew numbers on the walls of his room, using pastel crayons. Now, seventeen years later, the colorful numbers continue to multiply, and he has even covered the walls of the living room. Not influenced by existing art or trends, nor by education, these artists and their works are gaining worldwide recognition. Devoted to creation, not for anyone else or even for themselves, they have a powerful presence. The program delves into Baba Haruto's creative process and attempts to capture his unique form of expression.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6123029/","category":[19],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["sustainable_cities_and_communities","reduced_inequalities","sdgs","art","niigata"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"facetoface","pgm_id":"2043","pgm_no":"080","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2043080/images/IN0Nc3DBxpkXS1dQ9heLTm0HkrT84WQRGcywE86D.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2043080/images/y0IvDGdM53FjxyJdJNf9WOxb7Fv3naQ5U4Rcg8k3.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2043080/images/JvdPYSxeNbMtirYXB443cJ36tVMGLRVtLpj1d81p.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2043_080_20220925111000","onair":1664071800000,"vod_to":1695653940000,"movie_lengh":"27:25","movie_duration":1645,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Face To Face_Lessons from a Solo Diner;en,001;2043-080-2022;","title":"Face To Face","title_clean":"Face To Face","sub_title":"Lessons from a Solo Diner","sub_title_clean":"Lessons from a Solo Diner","description":"Discover the recipe for The Solitary Gourmet!
Kusumi Masayuki is the author of the best-selling manga \"Kodoku no Gurume,\" or \"The Solitary Gourmet.\" The story follows a traveling salesman who searches for good restaurants in locations across Japan. He prefers to eat alone in unpretentious eateries, contemplating quietly over his meal. The pandemic has led to an increase in people dining alone, which has contributed to an unexpected revival in the series' popularity. Join us for some food for thought on the simple pleasures of everyday life.","description_clean":"Discover the recipe for The Solitary Gourmet! Kusumi Masayuki is the author of the best-selling manga \"Kodoku no Gurume,\" or \"The Solitary Gourmet.\" The story follows a traveling salesman who searches for good restaurants in locations across Japan. He prefers to eat alone in unpretentious eateries, contemplating quietly over his meal. The pandemic has led to an increase in people dining alone, which has contributed to an unexpected revival in the series' popularity. Join us for some food for thought on the simple pleasures of everyday life.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2043080/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":691,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["am_spotlight","transcript","manga"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bluecanyon","pgm_id":"5001","pgm_no":"364","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001364/images/miTn0LBhPu3fGr7bjYzAEuqhMarGMWm6JP5mLSSj.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001364/images/QHEI3kJzEPX4wSX7sriogfkCjAtDmSy0ePbJpk7j.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001364/images/vGrWQTdxaI187vO4V7DxPjl2EkIsiSAaTVwj4Yk2.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5001_364_20220925091000_01_1664068025","onair":1664064600000,"vod_to":1695653940000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Blue Canyon_- The Hidden Waterfalls -;en,001;5001-364-2022;","title":"Blue Canyon","title_clean":"Blue Canyon","sub_title":"- The Hidden Waterfalls -","sub_title_clean":"- The Hidden Waterfalls -","description":"This special program features the encounter with stunning canyon sceneries. In Japan, we have thousands of falls, which act as training places for mountain worship. For instance, the seven big falls of Fudo Myo O (god of fire) in Nara Prefecture: a hidden place for \"Shugen-do\" practitioners. Also, in Yakushima, an island registered as World Natural Heritage, there is the big fall on a granite monolith. Japanese canyoneers navigate you to these \"two superb locations of the secret landscapes.\" In the valleys, cascades bring out extraordinary sounds and river water brings out innocent blue. We tackled audio-visual technical challenges on the field with our newest action cameras and 3D audio recorders, bringing you to enjoy the realistic feeling and binaural sound of the valleys.","description_clean":"This special program features the encounter with stunning canyon sceneries. In Japan, we have thousands of falls, which act as training places for mountain worship. For instance, the seven big falls of Fudo Myo O (god of fire) in Nara Prefecture: a hidden place for \"Shugen-do\" practitioners. Also, in Yakushima, an island registered as World Natural Heritage, there is the big fall on a granite monolith. Japanese canyoneers navigate you to these \"two superb locations of the secret landscapes.\" In the valleys, cascades bring out extraordinary sounds and river water brings out innocent blue. We tackled audio-visual technical challenges on the field with our newest action cameras and 3D audio recorders, bringing you to enjoy the realistic feeling and binaural sound of the valleys.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001364/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":503,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6125-005"}],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"6119","pgm_no":"013","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6119013/images/ToQQsgfEaj6ihytHV1yt9IDyqmTMzsT7dfTh5jRJ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6119013/images/6AInrwIvWROiZWbyVcILBK50D1JQo4m2eZwwXtQ7.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6119013/images/6Q0ZYSX72IggFbsJmWc4qJ2CgDx8FZd0CB1M109O.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["th","zh","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6119_013_20220925065000_01_1664056947","onair":1664056200000,"vod_to":1758812340000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_HONEY;en,001;6119-013-2022;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"HONEY","sub_title_clean":"HONEY","description":"Honey -- the world's oldest sweetener. Japan being home to both the Western honey bee and the native honey bee makes for numerous honey varieties. Concerned about the decline in global bee populations, urbanites take on rooftop beekeeping in Japan's capital. Also visit beekeeping sites responsible for precious honey varieties that are increasingly at risk. Fly around and discover infinite flavors born of differing environments and flower varieties. (Reporter: Kailene Falls)","description_clean":"Honey -- the world's oldest sweetener. Japan being home to both the Western honey bee and the native honey bee makes for numerous honey varieties. Concerned about the decline in global bee populations, urbanites take on rooftop beekeeping in Japan's capital. Also visit beekeeping sites responsible for precious honey varieties that are increasingly at risk. Fly around and discover infinite flavors born of differing environments and flower varieties. 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Moderator
Yamamoto Miki
NHK WORLD-JAPAN News Anchor

Panelists
Million Belay
General Coordinator, Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa (AFSA)

Joseph Glauber
Senior Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

Zhang Hongzhou
Research Fellow, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Ido Yuko
Research Fellow, The Japan Institute of International Affairs (JIIA)","description_clean":"Food prices are soaring worldwide. The situation is especially dire in developing countries that depend on imports. What caused this crisis and how can it be solved? Our experts share their insights. Moderator Yamamoto Miki NHK WORLD-JAPAN News Anchor Panelists Million Belay General Coordinator, Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa (AFSA) Joseph Glauber Senior Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Zhang Hongzhou Research Fellow, S. 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As global population continues to grow, conventional cattle farming is being stretched to its limits. University of Tokyo professor Shoji Takeuchi, a specialist in biohybrid engineering, cites this as well as climate change, food safety and animal welfare as the reasons for his interest in growing steak meat in a controlled laboratory environment. His breakthrough technique takes a small sample of living cow cells without harming the animal, and produces a thick steak-type meat unlike lab-grown minced meat. In this episode, we look at his past work on mosquito-inspired sensors to detect cancer, his current work on cultivating steak meat, and the forthcoming challenge of public perception.","description_clean":"Would you eat a steak that was grown in a laboratory? As global population continues to grow, conventional cattle farming is being stretched to its limits. 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Kyocera began modestly as a small factory. It grew to become a global company with annual sales of around ten billion dollars. It never ever dipped into the red. The secret to its success is Amoeba Management, Inamori's idea to divide the company into small, financially independent units. Through an in-depth interview with Inamori, this program delves into the essential philosophy of Amoeba Management. Meanwhile, Panasonic is taking the philosophy of its founder, Konosuke Matsushita, one step further in an attempt to launch a brand new business model that truly focuses on customers' needs.","description_clean":"Kazuo Inamori, the founder and chairman emeritus of Kyocera, is a world-renowned executive. Kyocera began modestly as a small factory. It grew to become a global company with annual sales of around ten billion dollars. It never ever dipped into the red. 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Meanwhile, Panasonic is taking the philosophy of its founder, Konosuke Matsushita, one step further in an attempt to launch a brand new business model that truly focuses on customers' needs.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004086/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1103,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"karakuri","pgm_id":"5001","pgm_no":"361","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001361/images/hqyLniJ7abJjTlY9Lg9YutLEzmkleUC96i64Tb7k.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001361/images/hOj7pvfBBTUf8VhYdl9w1L5jXDzbsqQy4c7BaMCZ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001361/images/JBmQ2j8xqGSDiCpQXBFPNlSrqtgql4h6YVHqSpo5.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5001_361_20220917091000_01_1663376835","onair":1663373400000,"vod_to":1694962740000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Legend of Karakuri;en,001;5001-361-2022;","title":"Legend of Karakuri","title_clean":"Legend of Karakuri","sub_title":"

","sub_title_clean":"","description":"Karakuri are traditional wooden automata. Since their heyday in the 17th century, they have become the source of mechanisms still used in moving toys today, and they are seen as a key step in the evolution of Japanese craft and manufacturing. Tamaya Shobe IX runs a Nagoya workshop that has been building and repairing karakuri since 1733. We join him as he takes on the challenge of recreating a karakuri set thought to be Japan's oldest surviving example, at an estimated 270-plus years old.","description_clean":"Karakuri are traditional wooden automata. Since their heyday in the 17th century, they have become the source of mechanisms still used in moving toys today, and they are seen as a key step in the evolution of Japanese craft and manufacturing. Tamaya Shobe IX runs a Nagoya workshop that has been building and repairing karakuri since 1733. 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Learn why farmers in Gunma Prefecture have switched to goya in recent years, and how local high schoolers are working hard to promote consumption through economical \"green curtains.\" (Reporter: Kailene Falls)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054152/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":708,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"kitchenwindow","pgm_id":"3019","pgm_no":"174","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019174/images/qXL2CB8tB3ur1h8beHuqBIoDRqSkKavqDGF6cHhb.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019174/images/Xt49CqsplXhrAQEsxejyAKaeMYh69zeWQNLwZRjq.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019174/images/MFjlYrRwXjmWfcKmjQFbOQQdCCtbHoZl1rlodrt0.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3019_174_20220914103000_01_1663120086","onair":1663119000000,"vod_to":1694703540000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Through The Kitchen Window_Live Eat Cook Simple;en,001;3019-174-2022;","title":"Through The Kitchen Window","title_clean":"Through The Kitchen Window","sub_title":"Live Eat Cook Simple","sub_title_clean":"Live Eat Cook Simple","description":"Anda Yuko, owner-chef of a Tokyo restaurant, has a singular philosophy. 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We peek into her kitchen to explore her imaginative cooking.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019174/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":264,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["food"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ethical","pgm_id":"3021","pgm_no":"012","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3021012/images/6zAHnVDI5cQpAa5UfCJjWtBSqKGTkXGVVgXjxJGx.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3021012/images/Ilhf7DC9uhINcUUYyRYaek4bFTQESuJt5u1ovmD5.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3021012/images/SvhprLRXRbTeKXwBnLQzSdtuJJh7435zKNuDqD8J.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3021_012_20220914093000_01_1663117377","onair":1663115400000,"vod_to":1694703540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ethical Every Day_Enjoying Meals with Less Waste;en,001;3021-012-2022;","title":"Ethical Every Day","title_clean":"Ethical Every Day","sub_title":"Enjoying Meals with Less Waste","sub_title_clean":"Enjoying Meals with Less Waste","description":"Japan's restaurants, supermarkets and convenience stores offer almost every kind of food imaginable. 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We explore ways to reduce food-related waste in our daily lives.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3021012/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1166,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["food"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"scienceview","pgm_id":"2015","pgm_no":"236","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015236/images/kMD8hIdhxRzrDKSiVOXOKDmqj7Nc9dGNrmPyOYI7.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015236/images/E7QQsnLJl0tPgXtfNl5OO1jJEbtc5loa6r0gxmD6.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015236/images/f8XXnpdrVD4TPgrlvukKlyM4LZA81T8mvweMgJ3D.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2015_236_20220913233000_01_1663081368","onair":1592321400000,"vod_to":1694617140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Science View_New Ways to Protect Your Teeth;en,001;2015-236-2020;","title":"Science View","title_clean":"Science View","sub_title":"New Ways to Protect Your Teeth","sub_title_clean":"New Ways to Protect Your Teeth","description":"Most people don't realize how much we rely on our teeth until they lose one, or come close to losing one. It's a frightening prospect. But new and improved dental procedures are making it easier to protect our precious choppers. This episode examines recent improvements to root canal procedures, how CT scans are augmenting X-ray images, how and why teeth can erode and how that erosion can be reversed with composite resins.

[J-Innovators]
A Robotic Stride Improver","description_clean":"Most people don't realize how much we rely on our teeth until they lose one, or come close to losing one. It's a frightening prospect. But new and improved dental procedures are making it easier to protect our precious choppers. This episode examines recent improvements to root canal procedures, how CT scans are augmenting X-ray images, how and why teeth can erode and how that erosion can be reversed with composite resins.[J-Innovators]A Robotic Stride Improver","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015236/","category":[14,23],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[{"title":"","start_time":22,"image_path":null}],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"332","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019332/images/Twrc8BZ81k3PAtb10CfFVmWMKyAmLHYjMskcZwAp.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019332/images/wUQBOeeeNsYj5JAqVUoCQ24LKJ0dhVkjoHXBPkgD.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019332/images/mO0llsXooe5A3wCWWCqxRTrv4y6ye0ds3h3sAxST.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_332_20220913103000_01_1663034576","onair":1663032600000,"vod_to":1757775540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Rika's TOKYO CUISINE: Wasabi and Home-dried Mushroom Pasta;en,001;2019-332-2022;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Rika's TOKYO CUISINE: Wasabi and Home-dried Mushroom Pasta","sub_title_clean":"Rika's TOKYO CUISINE: Wasabi and Home-dried Mushroom Pasta","description":"Learn about easy, delicious and healthy cooking with Chef Rika! Featured recipes: (1) Wasabi and Home-dried Mushroom Pasta (2) Rika's Nostalgic Omelet.

Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about easy, delicious and healthy cooking with Chef Rika! Featured recipes: (1) Wasabi and Home-dried Mushroom Pasta (2) Rika's Nostalgic Omelet. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019332/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":804,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2019-307"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2054-153"}],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"946","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058946/images/YHYPkg4zTvQcfNGFa9DvuEX8DUfQPT3I8YaSCTOI.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058946/images/pTMjmTDXwKMVAA7MGsSEPla4gP5XADLOVG7030ta.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058946/images/4gLpsW318RcWBYgauWtyi0UmL1t5Igg0zYlxI9SI.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2058_946_20220913101500_01_1663032789","onair":1663031700000,"vod_to":1757775540000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_The Joy of Social Change: Robin Takashi Lewis / Social Entrepreneur;en,001;2058-946-2022;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"The Joy of Social Change: Robin Takashi Lewis / Social Entrepreneur","sub_title_clean":"The Joy of Social Change: Robin Takashi Lewis / Social Entrepreneur","description":"Robin Takashi Lewis developed an app to reduce consumption of single-use plastic bottles. He shares how he's creatively working on changing mindsets, one bottle at a time.","description_clean":"Robin Takashi Lewis developed an app to reduce consumption of single-use plastic bottles. He shares how he's creatively working on changing mindsets, one bottle at a time.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058946/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["vision_vibes","life_below_water","climate_action","affordable_and_clean_energy","clean_water_and_sanitation","sdgs","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"seasoning","pgm_id":"2024","pgm_no":"143","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2024143/images/7xtQfJUNV2rqnoyWwIdD9Sw4gDiQZzQLwy67lU8c.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2024143/images/L1OuFAgpLkHvwNgYo6WQpvivNsMRSkMNtpmVnzj8.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2024143/images/2rwqCKkYg39ZW6DhTS9bPXvunQHfrZd75RdUTEnE.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2024_143_20220912113000_01_1662951777","onair":1662949800000,"vod_to":1694530740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Seasoning the Seasons_The Stories behind Japan's Bridges;en,001;2024-143-2022;","title":"Seasoning the Seasons","title_clean":"Seasoning the Seasons","sub_title":"The Stories behind Japan's Bridges","sub_title_clean":"The Stories behind Japan's Bridges","description":"Traveling across Japan, we can find many bridges of all shapes and sizes. 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Today, we hear the story of bridges linking communities throughout Japan.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2024143/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":339,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"945","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058945/images/qiAuqMU3Xc9jlc70IYGP8Ks7qLZEZZ5X28hSEE6R.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058945/images/yMQfaoH6Ev8mm0QZMkRLmT9ai5O1rbiQq21Cam94.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058945/images/aTFrFEY4J2BS6uUR4QJVdP3Jth4ic29wsyowKZLe.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2058_945_20220912101500_01_1662946391","onair":1662945300000,"vod_to":1757689140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_Shaping a Shrine's Legacy: Kishikawa Masanori / Priest, Kanda Myojin Shrine;en,001;2058-945-2022;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"Shaping a Shrine's Legacy: Kishikawa Masanori / Priest, Kanda Myojin Shrine","sub_title_clean":"Shaping a Shrine's Legacy: Kishikawa Masanori / Priest, Kanda Myojin Shrine","description":"Kishikawa Masanori is a Shinto priest who has organized live painting events, anime collaborations and more at a 1,300-year-old shrine. 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","sub_title_clean":"","description":"A young woman goes on a journey to discover options beyond suicide.
Twenty-five-year-old Momo has friends. Her parents live some distance away, but they sometimes get together to dine out. She dates an acceptable guy, and they share drinks at home. She apologizes to unreasonable clients over the phone at work and hones her ability to keep things civil with coworkers at drinks after work. This perfectly ordinary life means Momo doesn't immediately notice a nagging feeling: \"I want to die.\" For her, it's a phrase she must never say aloud. One summer, unable to bear the thought of the coming Monday, Momo takes a day off from work. She begins to visit other people who struggle with thoughts of suicide, but have discovered alternatives and choose to live instead. She connects with these \"Papagenos\" through social media. Over the course of her difficult journey, Momo herself begins to discover other choices beyond death.","description_clean":"A young woman goes on a journey to discover options beyond suicide. Twenty-five-year-old Momo has friends. Her parents live some distance away, but they sometimes get together to dine out. She dates an acceptable guy, and they share drinks at home. She apologizes to unreasonable clients over the phone at work and hones her ability to keep things civil with coworkers at drinks after work. This perfectly ordinary life means Momo doesn't immediately notice a nagging feeling: \"I want to die.\" For her, it's a phrase she must never say aloud. One summer, unable to bear the thought of the coming Monday, Momo takes a day off from work. She begins to visit other people who struggle with thoughts of suicide, but have discovered alternatives and choose to live instead. She connects with these \"Papagenos\" through social media. 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[Science News Watch]
AED App Developed to Save More Lives

[J-Innovators]
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Discover more Setouchi artworks, including videos with 360 view!
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About midway between Tokyo and Kyoto Prefecture, Nishio City's Kira Onsen, with scenic views of Mikawa Bay, has long been a popular hot spring resort town. But since the onset of the pandemic, overseas visitors and large tour groups vanished. Over the course of a year, we talk with the people of Kira Onsen as they struggle to rediscover the appeal of their hot spring town and attract new visitors in a bid for survival. This interview-style documentary offers a frank depiction of life in regional Japan.","description_clean":"Broadcasters' Eye showcases programs by commercial and cable television broadcasters in Japan. About midway between Tokyo and Kyoto Prefecture, Nishio City's Kira Onsen, with scenic views of Mikawa Bay, has long been a popular hot spring resort town. But since the onset of the pandemic, overseas visitors and large tour groups vanished. Over the course of a year, we talk with the people of Kira Onsen as they struggle to rediscover the appeal of their hot spring town and attract new visitors in a bid for survival. 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See why and how Tokyu's luxury tourist train started running in Hokkaido Prefecture.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049116/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":349,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript","hokkaido"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologyplus","pgm_id":"2032","pgm_no":"272","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032272/images/6fMt4biS9cVORkmkNSx0iRy5BKK3ZPcZdi6d31ZA.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032272/images/Ggn3dnOflVf3VAuKVopm4qGyCC4089f6XKeGM2n2.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032272/images/vgQuIdTNk41xMX5VdVBhHO6iLjt7jiv7crnC3lti.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt","vi"],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2032_272_20220825113000_01_1661396582","onair":1661394600000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus_Goldfish;en,001;2032-272-2022;","title":"Japanology Plus","title_clean":"Japanology Plus","sub_title":"Goldfish","sub_title_clean":"Goldfish","description":"*First broadcast on August 25, 2022.
Goldfish were introduced to Japan in the 16th century, and since then, they have become widely admired. Many people keep them as pets, and they are a common motif on everyday objects. Our guest, author and goldfish expert Kawada Yonosuke, introduces various unusual varieties, and explains the role that goldfish play in Japanese culture. Peter tries his hand at goldfish scooping, and we meet an artist presenting goldfish in an innovative new way.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on August 25, 2022.Goldfish were introduced to Japan in the 16th century, and since then, they have become widely admired. Many people keep them as pets, and they are a common motif on everyday objects. Our guest, author and goldfish expert Kawada Yonosuke, introduces various unusual varieties, and explains the role that goldfish play in Japanese culture. 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Here, at the end of the play, Jubei helps the vendetta and can finally embrace the dying Heisaku as his father.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2035078/","category":[19,20],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ninjatruth","pgm_id":"3019","pgm_no":"140","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019140/images/dhpkHEbpUnzhaIpL3vOy7NwQTdZC2N3wheKEOV65.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019140/images/exBAS0fDS0VKxwCGL5XQOnUcyfHsWAPCyXJhubTG.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019140/images/xtHkHViBEOcayz0xPq4Z9DV7XPebjbpyO0nklbVV.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3019_140_20211110103000_01_1636508941","onair":1636507800000,"vod_to":1692889140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NINJA TRUTH_Episode 15: Ninja Communication;en,001;3019-140-2021;","title":"NINJA TRUTH","title_clean":"NINJA TRUTH","sub_title":"Episode 15: Ninja Communication","sub_title_clean":"Episode 15: Ninja Communication","description":"Since ninja were engaged in espionage, they had to gather information and accurately convey it without anyone knowing. Typical means of information transmission included smoke signals, a cipher using knots in a rope, and special methods of transporting secret messages. But in the second half of the episode, we'll look at their ultimate method of concealing information: invisible ink! Find out how they did this, and follow Chris as he makes his own secret message with ninja techniques.","description_clean":"Since ninja were engaged in espionage, they had to gather information and accurately convey it without anyone knowing. Typical means of information transmission included smoke signals, a cipher using knots in a rope, and special methods of transporting secret messages. But in the second half of the episode, we'll look at their ultimate method of concealing information: invisible ink! 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Many people, however, express concerns about the safety of such food and its impact on the environment. In this episode we look at the latest in genome-edited food research in Japan.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015284/","category":[14,23],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[{"title":"","start_time":22,"image_path":null}],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"deeperlook","pgm_id":"2085","pgm_no":"076","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2085076/images/HdvtI346uHWD6zAVKFTpO3nu9femz1t2HpsCMmbd.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2085076/images/cfMFih71lWfjCfXzGDurVuMEtim4nfk10PlMMFeb.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2085076/images/d7zVxZQLpJubj8vg468g90xJmoQ7VtOO8f2BcPKC.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2085_076_20220823133000_01_1661230077","onair":1656390600000,"vod_to":1692802740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;DEEPER LOOK_Restructuring the Security Order of Europe: Rose Gottemoeller / Former Deputy Secretary General of NATO;en,001;2085-076-2022;","title":"DEEPER LOOK","title_clean":"DEEPER LOOK","sub_title":"Restructuring the Security Order of Europe: Rose Gottemoeller / Former Deputy Secretary General of NATO","sub_title_clean":"Restructuring the Security Order of Europe: Rose Gottemoeller / Former Deputy Secretary General of NATO","description":"NATO's 30 member states, along with partner countries in the Asia-Pacific, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and South Korea, will gather in Madrid, Spain, for an important summit. 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Former Deputy Secretary General of NATO Rose Gottemoeller analyzes the summit's significance and implications for future policy.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2085076/","category":[12,13],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["ukraine","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"330","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019330/images/lKcWe3QNZRAGTV1NSRD6HVIpOCaPiVs1SNsLo1xN.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019330/images/9ZeAr7KwFyJso8Ar2A54otpM7O02xCrKZefnXPOA.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019330/images/Gca4DKYawuvINtC90vh1C3kzHUBnyOLi57mz03Zo.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_330_20220823103000_01_1661220176","onair":1661218200000,"vod_to":1755961140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Cook Around Japan \"Amami Oshima\": Preserving Island Tradition;en,001;2019-330-2022;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Cook Around Japan \"Amami Oshima\": Preserving Island Tradition","sub_title_clean":"Cook Around Japan \"Amami Oshima\": Preserving Island Tradition","description":"Chef Rika visits the southwest archipelago of Japan. 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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Chef Rika visits the southwest archipelago of Japan. She meets people who are preserving a unique food culture that cannot be found anywhere else in Japan. Featured recipes: (1) Pork Miso (2) Stir-fried Bitter Gourd with Pork Miso. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019330/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2019-331"}],"tags":["transcript","kagoshima"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"cyclehighlights","pgm_id":"2070","pgm_no":"048","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2070048/images/b1ek4KBJ4WtQzHCVhLLDsZeETOphUoX0dC4reIlf.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2070048/images/bIj30aNghwO6HHaUUFfATgLF1FtWPxkkN4538mz9.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2070048/images/UpplXasKgeeLkMKKoWcVwRP3ly6gvdPB234ozcK7.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2070_048_20220822133000_01_1661144501","onair":1661142600000,"vod_to":1692716340000,"movie_lengh":"27:00","movie_duration":1620,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;CYCLE AROUND JAPAN Highlights_Tokushima - Where Teamwork Runs Deep;en,001;2070-048-2022;","title":"CYCLE AROUND JAPAN Highlights","title_clean":"CYCLE AROUND JAPAN Highlights","sub_title":"Tokushima - Where Teamwork Runs Deep","sub_title_clean":"Tokushima - Where Teamwork Runs Deep","description":"As the cherry blossoms bloom in spring, our cyclist Bobby rides through Tokushima Prefecture from the coast to its hidden mountain valleys. 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In the future year 202X, with Japan's economy in stagnation, experimental municipality Utopi-AI is inaugurated by Taira Kiyoshi by direction of Prime Minister Washida Tsuguaki. The city's \"cabinet members\" chosen by artificial intelligence (AI) unit Solon are all young enthusiasts, including \"prime minister\" Maki Aran, a 17-year-old high school student. Three months later, Sagawa Sachi, an admirer of Aran, relocates to Utopi-AI along with her family, and the experimental administration takes off. Aran immediately proposes to abolish the city council, and further vows to resign if and when his popular approval rate falls below 30%. The \"teen regime\" thus begins.","description_clean":"A dictator or a savior? The 17-year-old prime minister designated by an AI. In the future year 202X, with Japan's economy in stagnation, experimental municipality Utopi-AI is inaugurated by Taira Kiyoshi by direction of Prime Minister Washida Tsuguaki. The city's \"cabinet members\" chosen by artificial intelligence (AI) unit Solon are all young enthusiasts, including \"prime minister\" Maki Aran, a 17-year-old high school student. Three months later, Sagawa Sachi, an admirer of Aran, relocates to Utopi-AI along with her family, and the experimental administration takes off. Aran immediately proposes to abolish the city council, and further vows to resign if and when his popular approval rate falls below 30%. 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[Science News Watch]
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[J-Innovators]
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Moderator
Ikehata Shuhei
Senior Correspondent

Panelists
Nikolai Sokov
Senior Fellow, Vienna Center for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation

Akiyama Nobumasa
Professor, Hitotsubashi University

Matthew Kroenig
Deputy Director, Atlantic Council's Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security

Iwama Yoko
Professor, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies

[Recorded interview]
Nakamitsu Izumi
UN Under-Secretary-General and High Representative for Disarmament Affairs","description_clean":"Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Vladimir Putin threatened to unleash his country's nuclear arsenal. How should the world respond? Our experts discuss how to face up to this global threat. 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[Science News Watch]
Creating New Building Materials from Concrete and Wood Waste

[J-Innovators]
A New Filtration Device to Address the World's Water Issues","description_clean":"The aurora is a beautiful display of light in the night sky. There are even places near the North and South Poles where the aurora continues to appear for 24 hours. One such place is the Svalbard Islands in the Arctic Circle, where it's dark all day during the winter months, making the archipelago an aurora hotspot. Using a special all-sky camera array, NHK videographers recorded the aurora there for nearly an entire day. Their footage clearly showed a beautiful green aurora, but also managed to capture the mysterious red aurora as well. 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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about easy, delicious and healthy cooking with Chef Rika! Featured recipes: (1) Dry Curry with Canned Tuna (2) Chicken and Naganegi Salad. 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The act of painting was always \"kurara\" to O-Ei, the daughter of the Edo period master painter Katsushika Hokusai. Since her childhood, she was captivated by painting. O-Ei marries a town painter, but she soon chooses art over marriage and divorces him. Once she returns to the family home, she begins assisting her father. O-Ei is by his side as he completes his iconic \"Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji\" series. When Hokusai grew too old to wield his brush freely, O-Ei becomes his \"brush\" and paints on his behalf. It's during this time that she starts to grow a strong fascination with colors as she finally develops her own painting style.","description_clean":"Kurara: Japanese word for dazzling, mesmerizing brilliance. The act of painting was always \"kurara\" to O-Ei, the daughter of the Edo period master painter Katsushika Hokusai. Since her childhood, she was captivated by painting. O-Ei marries a town painter, but she soon chooses art over marriage and divorces him. Once she returns to the family home, she begins assisting her father. O-Ei is by his side as he completes his iconic \"Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji\" series. When Hokusai grew too old to wield his brush freely, O-Ei becomes his \"brush\" and paints on his behalf. It's during this time that she starts to grow a strong fascination with colors as she finally develops her own painting style.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3018010/","category":[26],"mostwatch_ranking":441,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3018-009"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6030-007"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6030-001"}],"tags":["drama_showcase","art"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"100ideas","pgm_id":"3020","pgm_no":"016","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020016/images/B6qEjFbZpAc9QKV9UjWg2xNpLdgLt5kCC3mt5OKR.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020016/images/XP5xdFlFA4bur9yoUW2oOLw0CBpgJU9aPknRgAbo.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020016/images/fo9JjQ3zgdtEgjPmszaJ7JPSLpy0Ua5ystg87b3D.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3020_016_20220730144000_01_1659160813","onair":1659159600000,"vod_to":1722351540000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;100 Ideas to Save the World_Doing Away with Throwing Away;en,001;3020-016-2022;","title":"100 Ideas to Save the World","title_clean":"100 Ideas to Save the World","sub_title":"Doing Away with Throwing Away","sub_title_clean":"Doing Away with Throwing Away","description":"In this episode, we introduce 4 ideas about making the conscious choice to not throw things away, which correlates to the SDGs of responsible production and consumption. In addition to reducing waste, new value is created through upcycling, and communication fostered by donating things to others in one's community. Using these ideas as a hint, see the impact you might create in your daily life, by making the choice to not throw things away.","description_clean":"In this episode, we introduce 4 ideas about making the conscious choice to not throw things away, which correlates to the SDGs of responsible production and consumption. In addition to reducing waste, new value is created through upcycling, and communication fostered by donating things to others in one's community. Using these ideas as a hint, see the impact you might create in your daily life, by making the choice to not throw things away.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020016/","category":[12,15],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2093-022"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2058-833"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2042-118"}],"tags":["responsible_consumption_and_production","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"topinventions","pgm_id":"2091","pgm_no":"015","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2091015/images/OK4jdjQggROHRF4nf9Dw4c2FZJDZulroftJqNVqP.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2091015/images/0sCzQqfhwSFlGhkpHeRV33B3745IYP7K2A6G59e1.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2091015/images/mHxiv0e1JxU0hnvChRwg5dZs9ZQdImjbDxkuDhtJ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["th","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2091_015_20220730141000_01_1659160020","onair":1659157800000,"vod_to":1690729140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan's Top Inventions_Mosquito Coils / Screw Removal Tools;en,001;2091-015-2022;","title":"Japan's Top Inventions","title_clean":"Japan's Top Inventions","sub_title":"Mosquito Coils / Screw Removal Tools","sub_title_clean":"Mosquito Coils / Screw Removal Tools","description":"The fascinating stories and secrets behind hit Japanese products, plus parts and machines that boast the top share of niche markets. In the first half: the story behind mosquito coils, invented by a Japanese company, which help prevent mosquito-borne diseases around the world. In the second half: we introduce screw removal tools that can remove stripped screws when a normal screwdriver can't.","description_clean":"The fascinating stories and secrets behind hit Japanese products, plus parts and machines that boast the top share of niche markets. In the first half: the story behind mosquito coils, invented by a Japanese company, which help prevent mosquito-borne diseases around the world. In the second half: we introduce screw removal tools that can remove stripped screws when a normal screwdriver can't.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2091015/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":32,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"fiveframes","pgm_id":"2095","pgm_no":"020","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2095020/images/QsNhqpKLaIj7UlxkNhBYZ22hbtamVTb2kU1FurAY.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2095020/images/7xaIVfsDa6f8R6KUbJqjDKUQaILPJ9QMeXLBGiOk.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2095020/images/OJpOcsJuCUpyZEQeddD2KWrrQ9nDDF44ijF76owy.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2095_020_20220730124000_01_1659153563","onair":1659152400000,"vod_to":1690729140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Five Frames for Love_Lisa, Proving the Power of Positivity & Rock'n Roll - Field, Family, Future;en,001;2095-020-2022;","title":"Five Frames for Love","title_clean":"Five Frames for Love","sub_title":"Lisa, Proving the Power of Positivity & Rock'n Roll - Field, Family, Future","sub_title_clean":"Lisa, Proving the Power of Positivity & Rock'n Roll - Field, Family, Future","description":"Lisa13 was born with a birth defect which affects her right hand, but that doesn't stop her from dressing up and rockin' out on her favorite guitar. She finds the courage to step onto the stage with a little help of a prosthetic device made with love by her family. But did her family always accept her disability? And how did she snag the chance to play the biggest gig of them all; the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games closing ceremony? See how far positivity & passion can take you!","description_clean":"Lisa13 was born with a birth defect which affects her right hand, but that doesn't stop her from dressing up and rockin' out on her favorite guitar. She finds the courage to step onto the stage with a little help of a prosthetic device made with love by her family. But did her family always accept her disability? And how did she snag the chance to play the biggest gig of them all; the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games closing ceremony? See how far positivity & passion can take you!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2095020/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["peace_justice_and_strong_institutions","partnerships_for_the_goals","reduced_inequalities","industry_innovation_and_infrastructure","gender_equality","quality_education","good_health_and_well-being","sdgs","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"anime","pgm_id":"2065","pgm_no":"067","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2065067/images/aQq77Ss57XS3AyrCXIFVNHttwqkA9tiTLBokaEZ1.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2065067/images/mnj9YvoUs7w6uiFOxNeRenKWCIVGSf4f5Pfw5Iql.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2065067/images/CPCTnmekuqBbH3vhSeGxwCuJPhnC7rwMcMh4vi75.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2065_067_20220730111000_01_1659148153","onair":1659147000000,"vod_to":1690729140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Anime Supernova_Charming Motion Animation;en,001;2065-067-2022;","title":"Anime Supernova","title_clean":"Anime Supernova","sub_title":"Charming Motion Animation","sub_title_clean":"Charming Motion Animation","description":"Ishidate Namiko is a young creator known for works with unique stories based on real-life experiences. Her specialty is hand-drawn animation that flows with tenderness.","description_clean":"Ishidate Namiko is a young creator known for works with unique stories based on real-life experiences. Her specialty is hand-drawn animation that flows with tenderness.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2065067/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["am_spotlight","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"manben","pgm_id":"5001","pgm_no":"358","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001358/images/XTD6I7b84zxvPcCbhTBlt8dLRg3ECRwj6YGgv1sm.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001358/images/mA4ohyvwDRessbShGtc1wPTdnqsH67B8Dp5jShIt.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001358/images/gGcPKzY8NyltcRnzveqKah3zqsdJ2L9qmDwYFCHW.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5001_358_20220730101000_01_1659147093","onair":1659143400000,"vod_to":1690729140000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Manben: Behind the Scenes of Manga with Urasawa Naoki_Yasuhiko Yoshikazu;en,001;5001-358-2022;","title":"Manben: Behind the Scenes of Manga with Urasawa Naoki","title_clean":"Manben: Behind the Scenes of Manga with Urasawa Naoki","sub_title":"Yasuhiko Yoshikazu","sub_title_clean":"Yasuhiko Yoshikazu","description":"Meet the manga master of Mobile Suit Gundam!
Cameras capture a manga master at work, providing an unprecedented behind-the-scenes look at the process. Known as the animator behind \"Mobile Suit Gundam,\" Yasuhiko Yoshikazu takes on his final serialized manga, \"Inui and Tatsumi.\" At over 70, he moves his brush across the page, effortlessly creating exciting action from different perspectives. Watch as he builds complex scenes from unexpected starting points and learn how \"Space Battleship Yamato\" brought back his passion for manga.","description_clean":"Meet the manga master of Mobile Suit Gundam! Cameras capture a manga master at work, providing an unprecedented behind-the-scenes look at the process. Known as the animator behind \"Mobile Suit Gundam,\" Yasuhiko Yoshikazu takes on his final serialized manga, \"Inui and Tatsumi.\" At over 70, he moves his brush across the page, effortlessly creating exciting action from different perspectives. Watch as he builds complex scenes from unexpected starting points and learn how \"Space Battleship Yamato\" brought back his passion for manga.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001358/","category":[19,15],"mostwatch_ranking":406,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["am_spotlight","manga"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"zeroingin","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"865","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004865/images/aZypwhpIkxgUX6zzTbVXR0FRlLJ0wbr1CTg95qCn.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004865/images/RR0EJjsqsQBGFDLmwvriPsXkekwdVerOWJQ6r55c.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004865/images/DAbRqrgULFPYb3evv7ett2MrKnfhUPwpwFUF9Kb7.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_865_20220730093500_01_1659143220","onair":1659141300000,"vod_to":1690729140000,"movie_lengh":"25:00","movie_duration":1500,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Zeroing In: Carbon Neutral 2050_Episode 12 - 2025: A Race Against Time;en,001;3004-865-2022;","title":"Zeroing In: Carbon Neutral 2050","title_clean":"Zeroing In: Carbon Neutral 2050","sub_title":"Episode 12 - 2025: A Race Against Time","sub_title_clean":"Episode 12 - 2025: A Race Against Time","description":"Scientists who venture to the most perilous parts of Antarctica tell us the massive \"Doomsday Glacier\" is melting at an unprecedented pace. Our carbon emissions are having a potentially catastrophic effect on the world's sea levels, and we are in a race against time to avoid a global average temperature rise of 1.5 degrees Celsius by the year 2025. Entrepreneurs and researchers lead the way with innovative attempts to both reduce and capture CO2, but the fight for our future is not theirs alone.

Host: Catherine Kobayashi
Guest: Greg Dalton, Journalist and Host, \"Climate One\"","description_clean":"Scientists who venture to the most perilous parts of Antarctica tell us the massive \"Doomsday Glacier\" is melting at an unprecedented pace. Our carbon emissions are having a potentially catastrophic effect on the world's sea levels, and we are in a race against time to avoid a global average temperature rise of 1.5 degrees Celsius by the year 2025. Entrepreneurs and researchers lead the way with innovative attempts to both reduce and capture CO2, but the fight for our future is not theirs alone. Host: Catherine Kobayashi Guest: Greg Dalton, Journalist and Host, \"Climate One\"","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004865/","category":[12,15],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["climate_action","industry_innovation_and_infrastructure","affordable_and_clean_energy","good_health_and_well-being","no_poverty","sdgs","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"zeroingin","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"864","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004864/images/5u0VRxrkXffQBa0tsq3eT0TLNfVxfsLZXj6J3gdm.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004864/images/mhvWSUqo6nRYbJJJDbeh0GtBrZnqO4d1hvmd0i6G.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004864/images/ZTYYSM68KcFk81asKePIgNz1J3iTyViKwJ75hEfm.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_864_20220730091000_01_1659141668","onair":1659139800000,"vod_to":1690729140000,"movie_lengh":"25:00","movie_duration":1500,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Zeroing In: Carbon Neutral 2050_Episode 11 Leaving No One Behind;en,001;3004-864-2022;","title":"Zeroing In: Carbon Neutral 2050","title_clean":"Zeroing In: Carbon Neutral 2050","sub_title":"Episode 11 Leaving No One Behind","sub_title_clean":"Episode 11 Leaving No One Behind","description":"In Bangladesh, rising waves rob humble islanders of their livelihoods. In California, wildfires and heatwaves are unbearable for those without the means to protect themselves. And in Japan, floods force scores of elderly residents into temporary housing, away from their beloved communities. Climate change is overwhelmingly caused by a wealthy few, but felt more acutely by the Most Affected People and Areas, or MAPA. We find out why the answer to this crisis lies in listening to their voices.

Host: Catherine Kobayashi
Guest: Greg Dalton, Journalist and Host, \"Climate One\"","description_clean":"In Bangladesh, rising waves rob humble islanders of their livelihoods. In California, wildfires and heatwaves are unbearable for those without the means to protect themselves. And in Japan, floods force scores of elderly residents into temporary housing, away from their beloved communities. Climate change is overwhelmingly caused by a wealthy few, but felt more acutely by the Most Affected People and Areas, or MAPA. We find out why the answer to this crisis lies in listening to their voices. 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Kosaka Railroad in Akita Prefecture (which connected Kosaka Town and Odate City) was used to transport ore and carry passengers before it was discontinued in 2009. Now, the 22km line is being used as rail park and playground facilities. See Kosaka Town and Odate City's efforts to turn the discontinued railway into fun tourist attractions.","description_clean":"In recent years, there's been a move to utilize discontinued railways as tourism resources. Kosaka Railroad in Akita Prefecture (which connected Kosaka Town and Odate City) was used to transport ore and carry passengers before it was discontinued in 2009. Now, the 22km line is being used as rail park and playground facilities. 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More than just eye candy, the blossoms and leaves are also salted and consumed. Sakura farmers scramble up trees to collect the best ones before everything falls to the ground. Reporter Saskia lends a hand before visiting a 300-year-old sweets shop depicted in woodblock prints to find out more about the flower's culinary roots. She also meets an individual responsible for the popularization of sakura as a flavor. (Reporter: Saskia Thoelen)","description_clean":"Sakura—the beloved cherry blossoms that symbolize the coming of spring in Japan. More than just eye candy, the blossoms and leaves are also salted and consumed. Sakura farmers scramble up trees to collect the best ones before everything falls to the ground. Reporter Saskia lends a hand before visiting a 300-year-old sweets shop depicted in woodblock prints to find out more about the flower's culinary roots. She also meets an individual responsible for the popularization of sakura as a flavor. 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Yokohama college students Seki Yoshimi and Kikuhara Misato launched a social business that avoids such waste by leveraging these resources to tackle burgeoning food poverty that has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042128/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["reduced_inequalities","good_health_and_well-being","zero_hunger","no_poverty","sdgs","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"magicaljapanese","pgm_id":"2092","pgm_no":"016","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092016/images/R0GgSVUZ2HRzUcpIboJk8CTq6NipJ7VRrqJohBZX.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092016/images/DjL0Taw0MggTKgIHszWwapEebvpLxk7cC6sTmQin.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092016/images/HHlwqNFnmhC1qVV1QJDddgqcRQY2tuWvVPSPw0my.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["vi","zh","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2092_016_20220727104500_01_1658887108","onair":1658886300000,"vod_to":1753628340000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Magical Japanese_Ship;en,001;2092-016-2022;","title":"Magical Japanese","title_clean":"Magical Japanese","sub_title":"Ship","sub_title_clean":"Ship","description":"The Japanese language is rich in words and expressions influenced by nature, history and culture. 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From his home in Kyoto Prefecture, poet and literary translator Peter MacMillan guides us through these words and the culture behind them.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092016/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ninjatruth","pgm_id":"3019","pgm_no":"173","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019173/images/8bX4ed0zR1QueRG5XpAZNIPYSJ0As0NRnGuky73p.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019173/images/nlH43XOSOuRCOUFCXS8cYJelF6Bdmj3VSwSaX3Oa.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019173/images/EdhC4jwRlGe6VjfV54KwKH1httEVDaOR9O81abeO.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["th"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3019_173_20220727103000_01_1658886552","onair":1658885400000,"vod_to":1690469940000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NINJA TRUTH_Episode 22: Flying Ninja;en,001;3019-173-2022;","title":"NINJA TRUTH","title_clean":"NINJA TRUTH","sub_title":"Episode 22: Flying Ninja","sub_title_clean":"Episode 22: Flying Ninja","description":"Ninja have often been depicted flying on large kites in manga and anime. 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He honed his technique in Tokyo and New York, and for much of his 30s toured internationally with Cirque du Soleil. As a choreographer, he's highly regarded for his skill in drawing out a dancer's individuality. He created the dance for the children's song \"Paprika,\" which has been viewed over 200 million times on streaming sites. He joins us to discuss Japan's dance culture.","description_clean":"Tsujimoto Tomohiko is a dancer and choreographer known for his unique fusion of dance styles. He honed his technique in Tokyo and New York, and for much of his 30s toured internationally with Cirque du Soleil. As a choreographer, he's highly regarded for his skill in drawing out a dancer's individuality. He created the dance for the children's song \"Paprika,\" which has been viewed over 200 million times on streaming sites. 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The incumbent mayor, Kataoka Haruo, who is actively promoting the process, won the race. The result showed that locals' interest in getting government subsidies that will revitalize the local economy outweighs their concerns about safety. But Kataoka's victory was narrower than expected, and the town remains divided.","description_clean":"The 2021 mayoral election in Suttsu town, northern Japan, hinged mainly on 1 contentious point between the 2 candidates - whether to continue with the first step in being selected as a long-term storage site for nuclear waste. The incumbent mayor, Kataoka Haruo, who is actively promoting the process, won the race. The result showed that locals' interest in getting government subsidies that will revitalize the local economy outweighs their concerns about safety. But Kataoka's victory was narrower than expected, and the town remains divided.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003202/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"kurara","pgm_id":"3018","pgm_no":"009","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3018009/images/2ENiulqOEoLtWiHsPVSvmFdV5LxsHXFmkDzz32CT.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3018009/images/bakfGcPnwWFZiJgRiRpXDboE0f1MlBZ8qzvyFjvG.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3018009/images/IMg3XecLLVZpVXT7JTPnHvbBpS4EdRxggEDcgD14.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3018_009_20220724091000_01_1658624587","onair":1523056200000,"vod_to":1690210740000,"movie_lengh":"41:30","movie_duration":2490,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Kurara: The Dazzling Life of Hokusai's Daughter_Part 1 (English subtitled version);en,001;3018-009-2018;","title":"Kurara: The Dazzling Life of Hokusai's Daughter","title_clean":"Kurara: The Dazzling Life of Hokusai's Daughter","sub_title":"Part 1 (English subtitled version)","sub_title_clean":"Part 1 (English subtitled version)","description":"The life of a talented painter trapped in the shadow of an iconic artist.

Kurara: Japanese word for dazzling, mesmerizing brilliance.
The act of painting was always \"kurara\" to O-Ei, the daughter of the Edo period master painter Katsushika Hokusai. Since her childhood, she was captivated by painting. O-Ei marries a town painter, but she soon chooses art over marriage and divorces him. Once she returns to the family home, she begins assisting her father. O-Ei is by his side as he completes his iconic \"Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji\" series. When Hokusai grew too old to wield his brush freely, O-Ei becomes his \"brush\" and paints on his behalf. It's during this time that she starts to grow a strong fascination with colors as she finally develops her own painting style.","description_clean":"The life of a talented painter trapped in the shadow of an iconic artist. Kurara: Japanese word for dazzling, mesmerizing brilliance. The act of painting was always \"kurara\" to O-Ei, the daughter of the Edo period master painter Katsushika Hokusai. Since her childhood, she was captivated by painting. O-Ei marries a town painter, but she soon chooses art over marriage and divorces him. Once she returns to the family home, she begins assisting her father. O-Ei is by his side as he completes his iconic \"Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji\" series. When Hokusai grew too old to wield his brush freely, O-Ei becomes his \"brush\" and paints on his behalf. It's during this time that she starts to grow a strong fascination with colors as she finally develops her own painting style.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3018009/","category":[26],"mostwatch_ranking":374,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3018-010"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6030-007"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6030-001"}],"tags":["drama_showcase","art"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bosaiscience","pgm_id":"2090","pgm_no":"002","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090002/images/b1I2R0N6lrlPqRye8Lp8B5VHU40zudxC168kw6qM.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090002/images/8ylOo6EtCem8uLqLRfMwNj3vcvZCSZRTrxjL34uT.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090002/images/EIfHIcq4DIdkl8T7z6NI2vl1crZtAcIVRcvosWTH.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2090_002_20210710144000_01_1625896786","onair":1625895600000,"vod_to":1690124340000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life_#6 Debris Flows;en,001;2090-002-2021;","title":"BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life","title_clean":"BOSAI: Science that Can Save Your Life","sub_title":"#6 Debris Flows","sub_title_clean":"#6 Debris Flows","description":"An increase in heavy rainfall in recent years has made debris flows a frequent problem in Japan. We'll look at research underway to help with their early detection and explore ways to protect lives.In recent years, debris flows have become more frequent in Japan due to an increase in heavy rainfall. Given that about 70% of Japan's land area is covered by mountains and forests, they have become a significant issue. After large-scale debris flows struck parts of Hiroshima Prefecture in 2014 and 2018, scientists found that debris flows tend to start out small and then repeatedly recur, causing significant damage. Research is now underway to determine the locations where debris flows are likely to occur based on topographical and geological data, and install sensors that can detect the very first debris flow. Information from these sensors can then help residents evacuate as quickly as possible. In this program, we'll introduce the latest research to save lives from debris flows.","description_clean":"An increase in heavy rainfall in recent years has made debris flows a frequent problem in Japan. We'll look at research underway to help with their early detection and explore ways to protect lives.In recent years, debris flows have become more frequent in Japan due to an increase in heavy rainfall. Given that about 70% of Japan's land area is covered by mountains and forests, they have become a significant issue. After large-scale debris flows struck parts of Hiroshima Prefecture in 2014 and 2018, scientists found that debris flows tend to start out small and then repeatedly recur, causing significant damage. Research is now underway to determine the locations where debris flows are likely to occur based on topographical and geological data, and install sensors that can detect the very first debris flow. Information from these sensors can then help residents evacuate as quickly as possible. In this program, we'll introduce the latest research to save lives from debris flows.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2090002/","category":[29,23],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"fiveframes","pgm_id":"2095","pgm_no":"019","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2095019/images/FJQyEMDibRsypayPIF0VCRd4CGZfLBTLAVT9odVh.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2095019/images/skY5piG8diO3nUtyOp79LlQWDaSvg59olo1Mrr8I.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2095019/images/4zKVzIVGcJFVY2MeFA1SAaZWVNryFc82GXljzOWe.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2095_019_20220723124000_01_1658548769","onair":1658547600000,"vod_to":1690124340000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Five Frames for Love_Lisa, Proving the Power of Positivity & Rock'n Roll - Fame, Followers;en,001;2095-019-2022;","title":"Five Frames for Love","title_clean":"Five Frames for Love","sub_title":"Lisa, Proving the Power of Positivity & Rock'n Roll - Fame, Followers","sub_title_clean":"Lisa, Proving the Power of Positivity & Rock'n Roll - Fame, Followers","description":"Lisa13 wants to rock out with the best of them on her guitar. But with a prosthetic hand, can she beat all of the odds to become a famous stylish musician? At a young age, Lisa discovered rock when seeing iconic Japanese guitar players perform. Now, she's rockin' in a band, in spite of a birth defect which affects her right hand. A handmade prosthetic pick and a lot of positivity has seen her reach new heights; including the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games closing ceremony!","description_clean":"Lisa13 wants to rock out with the best of them on her guitar. But with a prosthetic hand, can she beat all of the odds to become a famous stylish musician? At a young age, Lisa discovered rock when seeing iconic Japanese guitar players perform. Now, she's rockin' in a band, in spite of a birth defect which affects her right hand. 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Okinawa Prefecture is a group of subtropical islands in the far south of Japan. It was previously a prosperous maritime trading state called the Ryukyu Kingdom. In the second of 2 episodes about Okinawa, we focus on the kingdom's political and cultural hub: Shuri Castle. Our guest, historian Takara Kurayoshi, talks about working on the castle's reconstruction, and shares how he felt in 2019, when a devastating fire burned it to the ground. He also tells us about the forthcoming reconstruction project.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on July 21, 2022.Okinawa Prefecture is a group of subtropical islands in the far south of Japan. It was previously a prosperous maritime trading state called the Ryukyu Kingdom. In the second of 2 episodes about Okinawa, we focus on the kingdom's political and cultural hub: Shuri Castle. Our guest, historian Takara Kurayoshi, talks about working on the castle's reconstruction, and shares how he felt in 2019, when a devastating fire burned it to the ground. He also tells us about the forthcoming reconstruction project.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032269/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":989,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2032-268"}],"tags":["transcript","okinawa"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"930","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058930/images/bWcLhivIfUjafdnaxEihdy8yFW3CAo6YDF2GZnJU.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058930/images/jzWDnI2WE5Grn9SEqxO7u6ZGEA7KcPQ1tJ0p4QwZ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058930/images/ml2MlxmYrwRLlNy2OfNMcjp5eGv8WmvcwmmdoPiR.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2058_930_20220721101500_01_1658367265","onair":1658366100000,"vod_to":1753109940000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_Rising From the Slums as an E-Sport Professional: Brian Diang'a / Pro Gamer;en,001;2058-930-2022;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"Rising From the Slums as an E-Sport Professional: Brian Diang'a / Pro Gamer","sub_title_clean":"Rising From the Slums as an E-Sport Professional: Brian Diang'a / Pro Gamer","description":"Growing up in a Nairobi slum, Kenya's leading pro gamer didn't even own a pair of shoes, let alone a game console. 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Today, he uses his prize money to help slum kids find a better future.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058930/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["reduced_inequalities","quality_education","no_poverty","sdgs","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"2029","pgm_no":"179","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029179/images/tMgsAxKYbc1kcRjABR2BcqMAxjlyv1jrixXwjDpN.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029179/images/hlIEunqd4Pu2JnP2VRxnt9NLkQG73j9Skh331Hqu.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029179/images/dq4H8xsUloJStsEwnWhP4fchPV8QA9BLsFFtWIQT.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt","zt"],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2029_179_20220721093000_01_1658365611","onair":1658363400000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Conversations: The Colors of Kyoto;en,001;2029-179-2022;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Conversations: The Colors of Kyoto","sub_title_clean":"Conversations: The Colors of Kyoto","description":"Textile producer Shimura Shoji dyes threads for his kimono and other items with natural pigments, used since ancient times. Together with his mother and grandmother, both dyers, he founded a school to propagate the use of plant-based dyes. Florist Urasawa Mina encourages the enjoyment of flowers in everyday life. Her original floral arrangements attract attention for her Paris-style, dense composition using neutral colors. The 2 discuss how they view and use color in their respective fields.","description_clean":"Textile producer Shimura Shoji dyes threads for his kimono and other items with natural pigments, used since ancient times. Together with his mother and grandmother, both dyers, he founded a school to propagate the use of plant-based dyes. Florist Urasawa Mina encourages the enjoyment of flowers in everyday life. Her original floral arrangements attract attention for her Paris-style, dense composition using neutral colors. The 2 discuss how they view and use color in their respective fields.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029179/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript","kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ninjatruth","pgm_id":"3019","pgm_no":"172","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019172/images/73GET7YhtvVmZaVuVFzuA0btwAhU8JyS4cCCD8Mr.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019172/images/bTmpS7VKiXQszfET54evM5BanAOZVNjhAa7F5CS6.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019172/images/DUc0dSs8yBRFsqWR192YP6fVp7Kfnsw7OyOgx3D7.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_3019_172_20220720103000_01_1658281755","onair":1658280600000,"vod_to":1689865140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NINJA TRUTH_Episode 21: The Koka Ninja - Their Light and Shadow;en,001;3019-172-2022;","title":"NINJA TRUTH","title_clean":"NINJA TRUTH","sub_title":"Episode 21: The Koka Ninja - Their Light and Shadow","sub_title_clean":"Episode 21: The Koka Ninja - Their Light and Shadow","description":"Along with Iga, the Koka region is synonymous with ninja. 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[Science News Watch]
Over a Twofold Increase in Humpback Whales Near Hachijojima in the Izu Islands

[J-Innovators]
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","sub_title_clean":"","description":"The bandura is a traditional folk instrument of unique importance, embodying the history and spirit of Ukraine. Its 65 strings produce a wide range of delicate, distinctive tones. Familiarity with the instrument spread especially quickly after the 16th century, when Cossacks played an earlier form of the bandura when they sang about historical events and everyday life. This tradition is upheld by Kateryna, a bandura player based in Japan. In this program she expresses her feelings about what's happening in Ukraine and offers a prayer for her homeland in the form of song.","description_clean":"The bandura is a traditional folk instrument of unique importance, embodying the history and spirit of Ukraine. Its 65 strings produce a wide range of delicate, distinctive tones. Familiarity with the instrument spread especially quickly after the 16th century, when Cossacks played an earlier form of the bandura when they sang about historical events and everyday life. This tradition is upheld by Kateryna, a bandura player based in Japan. In this program she expresses her feelings about what's happening in Ukraine and offers a prayer for her homeland in the form of song.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3021003/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2058-988"}],"tags":["ukraine"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"scienceview","pgm_id":"2015","pgm_no":"208","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015208/images/tFcebFw3A0OINcCjb6TVVdatc232a9OwzZ2Azazf.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015208/images/gUqX9jYQseZB3QUF1b7jr72q8IVZAMBsOORBGhkv.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015208/images/2y5IC4QyKDOWgNUz4dnMgstY0hp7MDlKfr0h6CcD.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2015_208_20220712233000_01_1657638310","onair":1549380600000,"vod_to":1689173940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Science View_Tough Polymers - The Secrets Behind a Strong New Material;en,001;2015-208-2019;","title":"Science View","title_clean":"Science View","sub_title":"Tough Polymers - The Secrets Behind a Strong New Material","sub_title_clean":"Tough Polymers - The Secrets Behind a Strong New Material","description":"Polymers like polyethylene or plastic are essential in modern life, yet their molecular structure makes them brittle. However, researchers have recently improved that molecular structure to create new tough polymers, which can be 100 times stronger. Some are already on the verge of being used in practical applications, and are expected to be used in areas such as automobiles and their components. We'll look at the development of these new tough polymers.

[Science News Watch]
Japan's First Self-driving Public Bus Is Tested with Passengers

[J-Innovators]
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In Japan, vinyl records have made a comeback. Sales in 2021 were 10 times higher than they were in 2010. Japan's second-hand records are well-regarded all over the world because they're generally kept in great condition. Our guest, Honne Makoto, works for a record manufacturing company. He tells us about the history of vinyl in Japan, and its appeal in the modern era. We also see how world-class Japanese technology contributes to making vinyl records and the machines that play them.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on June 30, 2022.In Japan, vinyl records have made a comeback. Sales in 2021 were 10 times higher than they were in 2010. Japan's second-hand records are well-regarded all over the world because they're generally kept in great condition. Our guest, Honne Makoto, works for a record manufacturing company. He tells us about the history of vinyl in Japan, and its appeal in the modern era. 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Featured recipes: (1) Egg & Shrimp Soboro Donburi (2) Tofu and Ground Meat Soboro Donburi.

Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about easy, delicious and healthy cooking with Chef Rika! Featured recipes: (1) Egg & Shrimp Soboro Donburi (2) Tofu and Ground Meat Soboro Donburi. 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Wood merchants from all over the country gather in the historic Katsuyama district in the center of Maniwa, to attend the timber market held 3 times a month. In the old days, the logs used to be transported by boat down the Asahi River, and the former loading wharf can still be seen. The traditional townscape in Katsuyama has changed little over the past 2 centuries, and many shops line the scenic streets, each with its own traditional Noren shop curtain dyed from hinoki bark.

The town has also come up with creative new ways for using its timber. Wood chips generate electricity in a biomass power plant. And cross laminated timber (CLT) panels have been developed as an all-natural building material for contemporary architecture. In this episode of Journeys in Japan, Michael Keida visits Maniwa to explore the history and the future of Japan's wood culture.","description_clean":"Around 70 percent of Japan's landmass is covered by forest, and this has given rise to the country's distinctive wood-based culture. Nowhere is this more visible than around Maniwa, in northern Okayama Prefecture. For centuries, this area has been one of Japan's leading producers of timber, with extensive plantations devoted to Sugi (cedar) and hinoki (cypress) trees covering the surrounding mountains.Wood merchants from all over the country gather in the historic Katsuyama district in the center of Maniwa, to attend the timber market held 3 times a month. 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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about easy, delicious and healthy cooking with Chef Rika! Featured recipes: (1) Ginger Chicken Wings (2) Ginger, Pork and Walnut Rice. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019322/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"catseye","pgm_id":"6045","pgm_no":"009","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6045009/images/OEeTxUOnsEeVRXbAWc613o2wcf9Jt3t1rn58VRsc.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6045009/images/w1Qt91YLQlBjuvJT1B7SmGTWj8uKb25oHzWR2PhA.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6045009/images/urnN12ZpDUvicOgAYRPmg0VoHpPNi9FZXTQs2Myg.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6045_009_20220522125500_01_1653192134","onair":1653191700000,"vod_to":1716389940000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;A Cat's-Eye View of Japan_Shimanto River: A Clear Stream;en,001;6045-009-2022;","title":"A Cat's-Eye View of Japan","title_clean":"A Cat's-Eye View of Japan","sub_title":"Shimanto River: A Clear Stream","sub_title_clean":"Shimanto River: A Clear Stream","description":"Along Japan's famous, clear river, cute kitties are living their best lives. Join one kitty on a unique bridge leading to his canoe shop, and take in a lovely sunset with the other cuties.","description_clean":"Along Japan's famous, clear river, cute kitties are living their best lives. Join one kitty on a unique bridge leading to his canoe shop, and take in a lovely sunset with the other cuties.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6045009/","category":[20,15],"mostwatch_ranking":1103,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2092-014"}],"tags":["animals","kochi"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hometown","pgm_id":"5003","pgm_no":"197","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003197/images/S3pYyWhabyZzYXPAJY0WV9lhA4wwLhQFyCyRjEbN.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003197/images/GALzECOeGnNka9Dx0LtiDFazR0JyDlwTNCX1eKPK.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003197/images/RNZN0aHWIO3tYoLBjusNHZhE1UY1yDn8LN1Gb7yx.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5003_197_20220522101000_01_1653274087","onair":1653181800000,"vod_to":1716389940000,"movie_lengh":"49:15","movie_duration":2955,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Hometown Stories_Rebuilding Lives After the Kumamoto Earthquake;en,001;5003-197-2022;","title":"Hometown Stories","title_clean":"Hometown Stories","sub_title":"Rebuilding Lives After the Kumamoto Earthquake","sub_title_clean":"Rebuilding Lives After the Kumamoto Earthquake","description":"Minamiaso once welcomed 6 million visitors a year. Then the tourism industry suffered catastrophic damage in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. At 1 inn, a pair of guests were killed, another took 5 years to rebuild, while another reopened just as the COVID-19 pandemic struck and faced a string of cancellations. Will the innkeepers of Minamiaso ever recover, financially or emotionally? Several years after the earthquake, we look at the people working to rebuild their businesses – and their lives.","description_clean":"Minamiaso once welcomed 6 million visitors a year. Then the tourism industry suffered catastrophic damage in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. At 1 inn, a pair of guests were killed, another took 5 years to rebuild, while another reopened just as the COVID-19 pandemic struck and faced a string of cancellations. Will the innkeepers of Minamiaso ever recover, financially or emotionally? Several years after the earthquake, we look at the people working to rebuild their businesses – and their lives.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003197/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"thatchedliving","pgm_id":"5001","pgm_no":"353","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001353/images/APD0r6cNgcayu1cSt64p2PA3F9x8FgYizdpsvoOT.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001353/images/xGXlpD7Kx0RPz5R0k78xx2Q3YhpCdbUV1xOTHMHz.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001353/images/yTjOREaEkBibNV99nMEknwvLFVfaqTS7IkclehjV.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5001_353_20220522091000_01_1653182192","onair":1653178200000,"vod_to":1747925940000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Thatched Living: A Nostalgic Future;en,001;5001-353-2022;","title":"Thatched Living: A Nostalgic Future","title_clean":"Thatched Living: A Nostalgic Future","sub_title":"

","sub_title_clean":"","description":"North of Tokyo, near Mt. Tsukuba. An old-fashioned farmhouse with a thatched roof still sits here, home to a young couple and their 2 children. Thatched roofs are eco-friendly, and a symbol of Japan's traditional farming communities. Under their roof, the Yamada family enjoy the slow life in harmony with nature. They've fostered a mutual aid network who gather for each season's farming milestones and celebrate their successes. The Yamadas' \"thatched living\" is at once familiar and new.","description_clean":"North of Tokyo, near Mt. Tsukuba. An old-fashioned farmhouse with a thatched roof still sits here, home to a young couple and their 2 children. Thatched roofs are eco-friendly, and a symbol of Japan's traditional farming communities. Under their roof, the Yamada family enjoy the slow life in harmony with nature. They've fostered a mutual aid network who gather for each season's farming milestones and celebrate their successes. The Yamadas' \"thatched living\" is at once familiar and new.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001353/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":208,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3016-101"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-100"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"5003-211"}],"tags":["transcript","nhk_top_docs","ibaraki"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"documentary","pgm_id":"4001","pgm_no":"410","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001410/images/64XDomebOPUvXT9QD3LJqaMD7pz15lCgZBkOQiLw.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001410/images/Pa33gZeXwsCb39vqu9eRDSndnoZBKiVjAAa4Jh2u.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001410/images/FJF0B34uvPaWfpxYHzTntkchKBf2mW7iswbg6XqB.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4001_410_20220522001000_01_1653149804","onair":1653145800000,"vod_to":1779461940000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NHK Documentary_Diary of a Nun's Abundant Kitchen;en,001;4001-410-2022;","title":"NHK Documentary","title_clean":"NHK Documentary","sub_title":"Diary of a Nun's Abundant Kitchen","sub_title_clean":"Diary of a Nun's Abundant Kitchen","description":"A Buddhist nun, Goto Mitsuei, lives in a temple located a 40-minute climb up a steep mountain path. In 2016, NHK began documenting her life, how she responded to the changing seasons, and carefully prepared vegetarian dishes for frequent visitors from near and far. But COVID-19 interrupted the flow of guests. In 2021, we visited Mitsuei and found her still engaged in her modest but rich daily life, once again welcoming people with wisdom and ingenuity, and celebrating the joys of mountain living.","description_clean":"A Buddhist nun, Goto Mitsuei, lives in a temple located a 40-minute climb up a steep mountain path. In 2016, NHK began documenting her life, how she responded to the changing seasons, and carefully prepared vegetarian dishes for frequent visitors from near and far. But COVID-19 interrupted the flow of guests. In 2021, we visited Mitsuei and found her still engaged in her modest but rich daily life, once again welcoming people with wisdom and ingenuity, and celebrating the joys of mountain living.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001410/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":357,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6124-003"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6050-004"}],"tags":["transcript","nhk_top_docs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologyplus","pgm_id":"2032","pgm_no":"264","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032264/images/KBVbN6C7HmEUoZlp7tuKjoYDM5LnEZWKWUIQh2bu.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032264/images/92sGndv1jcVuAQhYWiz162kixSmgPQZhQ9Mblu9Q.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032264/images/jHISmyZJkR2nZ2GBqppVX6Wa7UpRxxyF3MhyuRcz.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt","vi"],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2032_264_20220519113000_01_1652929541","onair":1652927400000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus_Showa Nostalgia;en,001;2032-264-2022;","title":"Japanology Plus","title_clean":"Japanology Plus","sub_title":"Showa Nostalgia","sub_title_clean":"Showa Nostalgia","description":"*First broadcast on May 19, 2022.
The \"Showa era\" was the period of Japanese history between 1926 and 1989. The 60s, 70s and 80s are fondly remembered in Japan as a time when many were feeling the positive effects of a booming economy. That nostalgia has been growing in recent years, even among those who didn't experience the Showa era first-hand. Our guest, Professor Kono Kohei of Ibaraki University, introduces the bold designs and physical appeal of Showa era products, and explains why cafes from those days are attracting young customers.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on May 19, 2022.The \"Showa era\" was the period of Japanese history between 1926 and 1989. The 60s, 70s and 80s are fondly remembered in Japan as a time when many were feeling the positive effects of a booming economy. That nostalgia has been growing in recent years, even among those who didn't experience the Showa era first-hand. 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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Anago Sushi Stick (2) Clear Kamaboko Soup. 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Featured recipes: (1) Chef Saito's Chicken Nanban (2) Rika's Champon Noodles (3) Takanameshi.

Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Let's travel Japan by cooking at home with our chef Rika and master chef Saito. Featured recipes: (1) Chef Saito's Chicken Nanban (2) Rika's Champon Noodles (3) Takanameshi. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019318/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"024","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096024/images/TBzIuN6ORNRy2aqpJ7O04jDy4SjJBcpbTYEseJDP.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096024/images/HrbV5suMN2IQbTwUODucDu39AcdURZoPFrWgQ7cC.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096024/images/atlztxvQRumJ2uvID7EZ28TrA9marXrMF3O4abLw.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096_024_20220329024500_01_1648490665","onair":1648489500000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#24 A New Start;en,001;2096-024-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#24 A New Start","sub_title_clean":"#24 A New Start","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
Time has passed, and the hotel's autumn campaign has been a success. Rei then tells Xuan that he is quitting his job at the hotel to go to France. Unable to process this sudden revelation, Xuan shrinks from talking to Rei even on the day of his departure. But she knows she needs to talk to him before he leaves, and she hurries after him to the airport. Xuan wants to express her feelings and gratitude to Rei. Will she be able to say what she wants to say? What should she do if she feels unsure of her Japanese?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Kotsukotsu","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"Time has passed, and the hotel's autumn campaign has been a success. Rei then tells Xuan that he is quitting his job at the hotel to go to France. Unable to process this sudden revelation, Xuan shrinks from talking to Rei even on the day of his departure. But she knows she needs to talk to him before he leaves, and she hurries after him to the airport. Xuan wants to express her feelings and gratitude to Rei. Will she be able to say what she wants to say? What should she do if she feels unsure of her Japanese?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Kotsukotsu","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096024/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":389,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"023","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096023/images/t6FoJaoHJMtW2qfWLUiuFDXBZaXkKT7WB51vwpp7.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096023/images/KCT0qikv2wiDe5rXeA5zitB7VFwyBuJd5FQXykEh.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096023/images/BizGk2UvY8v946LwgH7bf5zt97ssHM0XT0DYIvWE.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2096_023_20220328214500_01_1648514492","onair":1648471500000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#23 What I Really Want to Do;en,001;2096-023-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#23 What I Really Want to Do","sub_title_clean":"#23 What I Really Want to Do","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
The summer festival was a success, and now for the after-party. Based on her wonderful experience at the festival, Xuan discusses ideas for the hotel's autumn campaign with Danny and Monica. But Danny and Monica's opinions are divided, and the discussion comes to a halt. What can Xuan do to move the discussion forward?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Girigiri
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of LEE Nyok Peng from Malaysia, who runs a nonprofit organization supporting town planning, and a café in Aomori Prefecture!","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"The summer festival was a success, and now for the after-party. Based on her wonderful experience at the festival, Xuan discusses ideas for the hotel's autumn campaign with Danny and Monica. But Danny and Monica's opinions are divided, and the discussion comes to a halt. What can Xuan do to move the discussion forward?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Girigiri\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of LEE Nyok Peng from Malaysia, who runs a nonprofit organization supporting town planning, and a café in Aomori Prefecture!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096023/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":523,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"022","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096022/images/zixArDzdkEe5sj5QiZ6mwyHAYntyIR4Y40XeigsK.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096022/images/Kfkn5u161W1XHNjRihjmmv6brXlwskB8YDSw0DFm.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096022/images/xWaH2Et6cBIXGm45yqcKch9SbVJdp43yEbiaPV1i.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096022_202203281545","onair":1648449900000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#22 An Unexpected Task;en,001;2096-022-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#22 An Unexpected Task","sub_title_clean":"#22 An Unexpected Task","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
It is the day of the summer festival, and they find out that the MC for the karaoke contest is unable to come. Tadokoro asks Xuan to stand in, along with Sasaki. The man who was supposed to be the MC explains what they should do and in what order over the phone, but Sasaki is left confused. Xuan tries to clarify his explanation but is unsuccessful. Yansu appears and gives her advice.
How can she make it easier to understand what they should be doing?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Texture of Food 2
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of NAGATA Marie from the Philippines, who runs a driver's school in Shizuoka Prefecture!","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"It is the day of the summer festival, and they find out that the MC for the karaoke contest is unable to come. Tadokoro asks Xuan to stand in, along with Sasaki. The man who was supposed to be the MC explains what they should do and in what order over the phone, but Sasaki is left confused. Xuan tries to clarify his explanation but is unsuccessful. Yansu appears and gives her advice.How can she make it easier to understand what they should be doing?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Texture of Food 2\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of NAGATA Marie from the Philippines, who runs a driver's school in Shizuoka Prefecture!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096022/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":989,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"021","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096021/images/d4TSDnfUMhXt26NTjZuMQAJLi6WMqeOzBi62uf3z.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096021/images/JtdWSirloy9EMq18jZSLoOTLa6Uy6rOFQRjFXYGA.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096021/images/W26Rc3a2i6IrPorzZKZq0FbCMPCVRIqpV4cy2eEo.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096021_202203281045","onair":1648431900000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#21 I Can Use That!;en,001;2096-021-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#21 I Can Use That!","sub_title_clean":"#21 I Can Use That!","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
Three days before the summer festival, Xuan is at the shrine grounds preparing the stage with Danny, Monica, Aoi and other locals. After Tadokoro leaves them with convoluted instructions, everyone is confused about how the chairs and tables should be arranged. Xuan tries to find Tadokoro, but Yansu reminds her that she should be able to explain. Xuan comes round to the idea of explaining the layout to everyone herself. But the information is complicated. How can she explain it in an easy-to-understand manner?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Texture of Food 1
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Romain LEBRUN from Belgium, who works as a salt master at a salt farm in Ishikawa Prefecture!","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"Three days before the summer festival, Xuan is at the shrine grounds preparing the stage with Danny, Monica, Aoi and other locals. After Tadokoro leaves them with convoluted instructions, everyone is confused about how the chairs and tables should be arranged. Xuan tries to find Tadokoro, but Yansu reminds her that she should be able to explain. Xuan comes round to the idea of explaining the layout to everyone herself. But the information is complicated. How can she explain it in an easy-to-understand manner?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Texture of Food 1\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Romain LEBRUN from Belgium, who works as a salt master at a salt farm in Ishikawa Prefecture!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096021/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":989,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"020","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096020/images/mft310Am4Xyx8iScMfRzJJmsc0xipqzYT2s7KNgm.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096020/images/7ppcGzY3mFoDQSHtVtw3UjIAngdEeB9j2rD5y2xm.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096020/images/R2gwiCMXIIqbdsAD8ub3tRYgVE4YnUXeBHqB5U1B.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"02_nw_vod_v_en_2096020_202203280540","onair":1648413600000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#20 I Actually Need a Favor;en,001;2096-020-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#20 I Actually Need a Favor","sub_title_clean":"#20 I Actually Need a Favor","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
Rei's bento menu for the hotel's autumn campaign was passed over. Xuan wants to cheer him up and asks him if he can come and help with the summer festival. But Rei is completely oblivious of the fact that Xuan has asked him to do something. Xuan turns to Yansu for help. How can she get Rei to understand her request?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Kirakira
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Thin Theint Theint Soe from Myanmar, who works at a plastic parts manufacturer in Osaka Prefecture!","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"Rei's bento menu for the hotel's autumn campaign was passed over. Xuan wants to cheer him up and asks him if he can come and help with the summer festival. But Rei is completely oblivious of the fact that Xuan has asked him to do something. Xuan turns to Yansu for help. How can she get Rei to understand her request?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Kirakira\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Thin Theint Theint Soe from Myanmar, who works at a plastic parts manufacturer in Osaka Prefecture!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096020/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":1103,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"019","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096019/images/8kGPIK6fXVEERiKy5IdP3dcO1qsXjAZoxDOO51ra.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096019/images/wlqUxrlwSEI3662cPjVzCoMfRjAeuDhdFeadc5H2.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096019/images/Zc5Fv5eIjhwgCrFPJqqHjYXdCMWnol8zMIEneP65.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096019_202203280045","onair":1648395900000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#19 Taking a Step Forward;en,001;2096-019-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#19 Taking a Step Forward","sub_title_clean":"#19 Taking a Step Forward","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
Xuan goes to a staff meeting for the summer festival. There she watches Sasaki and the members of the neighborhood association and youth team get into a heated debate about what they should do this year. Xuan is unable to participate in the discussion, although she wants to, instead of just listening. How can she join in the discussion?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Burabura
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Kanchha LAMA from Nepal, who is a farmer in Saga Prefecture!","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"Xuan goes to a staff meeting for the summer festival. There she watches Sasaki and the members of the neighborhood association and youth team get into a heated debate about what they should do this year. Xuan is unable to participate in the discussion, although she wants to, instead of just listening. How can she join in the discussion?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Burabura\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Kanchha LAMA from Nepal, who is a farmer in Saga Prefecture!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096019/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":804,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologymini","pgm_id":"6032","pgm_no":"030","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032030/images/PcMKyW4j9FlBkTCrRJ0SrRKx0evxZ4JTa6nAPwM9.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032030/images/ja2vL4X6MfcQDTKkzHGbxTJotRRsdfeSE2JzEdlI.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032030/images/YpfNEOejUrqcmVV4wecALlYgNIwfiYRBhnA1nuic.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6032030_202203271245","onair":1648352700000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus mini_Kotatsu: Heated Tables;en,001;6032-030-2022;","title":"Japanology Plus mini","title_clean":"Japanology Plus mini","sub_title":"Kotatsu: Heated Tables","sub_title_clean":"Kotatsu: Heated Tables","description":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at Kotatsu: low tables with a heat source and a quilt. For generations, people have gathered around them in the cold winter months. They're cozy and comfortable; perfect for watching TV, studying and chatting to family and friends. In modern times, Kotatsu are evolving to suit changing lifestyles.","description_clean":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at Kotatsu: low tables with a heat source and a quilt. For generations, people have gathered around them in the cold winter months. They're cozy and comfortable; perfect for watching TV, studying and chatting to family and friends. In modern times, Kotatsu are evolving to suit changing lifestyles.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032030/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologymini","pgm_id":"6032","pgm_no":"029","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032029/images/byJcltN1jE5t3fraTNwLvbB7SK9kPOqQ3i2YjkyN.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032029/images/BrVDkrBPFivfGdN7bB5WYPn6MJl2gWkQ99fJLnYg.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032029/images/xA8WyKv6MccINXnrgCXLqMC0bd7pLREk5P2fYrqw.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6032029_202203271240","onair":1648352400000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus mini_Bamboo;en,001;6032-029-2022;","title":"Japanology Plus mini","title_clean":"Japanology Plus mini","sub_title":"Bamboo","sub_title_clean":"Bamboo","description":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at bamboo. For thousands of years, this sturdy, supple and abundant plant has been essential in Japanese crafts and construction. It can also be eaten: bamboo shoots are a taste of spring. In the near future, a material made from extremely thin bamboo fibers is expected to be used in space.","description_clean":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at bamboo. For thousands of years, this sturdy, supple and abundant plant has been essential in Japanese crafts and construction. It can also be eaten: bamboo shoots are a taste of spring. In the near future, a material made from extremely thin bamboo fibers is expected to be used in space.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032029/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1324,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"100ideas","pgm_id":"3020","pgm_no":"012","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020012/images/fFJVnVCEWCNRnMoi93ibkrt8ir0RJnUDNzXzyD9F.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020012/images/RXfCQaCjcFyjWci6DUwCQAKE7DIGSkGsg7ZQeSFf.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020012/images/5SyoN7D8N7DVw0bckcio7rIux6RCoIyL0Z7yE8fO.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3020012_202203271140","onair":1648348800000,"vod_to":1711551540000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;100 Ideas to Save the World_Responsibility to the Future;en,001;3020-012-2022;","title":"100 Ideas to Save the World","title_clean":"100 Ideas to Save the World","sub_title":"Responsibility to the Future","sub_title_clean":"Responsibility to the Future","description":"In this twelfth episode, we introduce 4 ideas about taking responsibility for the future. One woman upcycles flowers destined for the trash into lasting creations. A wind power generation developer's effort to bring Japan up to speed when it comes to clean energy. We also present one woman's challenge to reduce food waste through a stylish and compact composting system. And the story of Ayu (sweetfish) that inhabit the clear streams of Tokyo and a master Ayu angler.","description_clean":"In this twelfth episode, we introduce 4 ideas about taking responsibility for the future. One woman upcycles flowers destined for the trash into lasting creations. A wind power generation developer's effort to bring Japan up to speed when it comes to clean energy. We also present one woman's challenge to reduce food waste through a stylish and compact composting system. And the story of Ayu (sweetfish) that inhabit the clear streams of Tokyo and a master Ayu angler.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020012/","category":[12,15],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"brightening","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"843","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004843/images/lNpwd59TloXQCcZFOz3LvvU2fO6iUP8ezXVa9ZPF.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004843/images/2QYKdkwzs7HkdgihyFPQQ2yDmPd64dXjjMjUVbXN.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004843/images/4cILSG4YeQzAcVNrAa9GWnHDzws9FqrbDHaz0hCr.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004843_202203270910","onair":1648339800000,"vod_to":1711551540000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Brightening their Twilight Years: The Story of a Country Doctor;en,001;3004-843-2022;","title":"Brightening their Twilight Years: The Story of a Country Doctor","title_clean":"Brightening their Twilight Years: The Story of a Country Doctor","sub_title":"

","sub_title_clean":"","description":"Twelve years ago, the aged residents of a highland village had no doctor. Retiring as a professor at a national university medical school, Dr. Nose Yoshiaki decided to spend the rest of his days here as their physician. He not only cares for the villagers' health, but also uses his camera skills to record their daily lives. We see him visiting a family worried about the future of their land, checking on elderly farmers living alone, and wondering about the fate of an aged patient now in hospital.","description_clean":"Twelve years ago, the aged residents of a highland village had no doctor. Retiring as a professor at a national university medical school, Dr. Nose Yoshiaki decided to spend the rest of his days here as their physician. He not only cares for the villagers' health, but also uses his camera skills to record their daily lives. We see him visiting a family worried about the future of their land, checking on elderly farmers living alone, and wondering about the fate of an aged patient now in hospital.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004843/","category":[20,15],"mostwatch_ranking":523,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"5001-161"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"5003-205"}],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwcmini","pgm_id":"6031","pgm_no":"022","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6031022/images/ybGn0r3uZExM9zzqAUqhQ1Jd2qBjyrj6BTHICqdn.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6031022/images/Epq7a5F0WDkuz5iV8xQcGKEth7UcVHg4n1CpcO5t.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6031022/images/xZJ51JyO5wuJhU2Tv4OKsBIXYlPVfBzaTE4QEtCV.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6031_020_202203251055","onair":1648173300000,"vod_to":1742914740000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef Mini_Ginger Beef Steak;en,001;6031-022-2022;","title":"Dining with the Chef Mini","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef Mini","sub_title":"Ginger Beef Steak","sub_title_clean":"Ginger Beef Steak","description":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques in 5 minutes! Featured recipe: Ginger Beef Steak.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques in 5 minutes! Featured recipe: Ginger Beef Steak.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6031022/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"culturecrossroads","pgm_id":"2084","pgm_no":"027","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084027/images/9WJMWWkzwJp9bnxcnH10bP8twKEQMKsTBAqFFH5W.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084027/images/Moi2JAbduLBEeUrVjmgblmltAvd8H8Ul9blguIRO.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084027/images/Y8xrgsH4LMxkoys9f8O6VA9NH65JUS7w1GhFPGwt.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2084_027_202203251030","onair":1648171800000,"vod_to":1711378740000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Culture Crossroads_Tiny Support, Big Meaning!;en,001;2084-027-2022;","title":"Culture Crossroads","title_clean":"Culture Crossroads","sub_title":"Tiny Support, Big Meaning!","sub_title_clean":"Tiny Support, Big Meaning!","description":"The many people who provided support in the Tohoku region after the devastating 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake included a refugee from Myanmar. And today, people who did not experience the quake directly are searching for what they can do to help and are trying to dispatch updates on the stricken areas in a new way. The program reports on 3 people who continue to provide care and support.","description_clean":"The many people who provided support in the Tohoku region after the devastating 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake included a refugee from Myanmar. And today, people who did not experience the quake directly are searching for what they can do to help and are trying to dispatch updates on the stricken areas in a new way. 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Spring comes slowly there. Around the Fresh Green, various cherry trees start blossoming like a contest in the villages and on the mountain slopes. What did Emperor Go-Daigo, who built the Southern Court there, dream about while sleeping under those cherry trees?","description_clean":"It is no secret that Mount Yoshino is a famous spot for viewing cherry blossoms. Spring comes slowly there. Around the Fresh Green, various cherry trees start blossoming like a contest in the villages and on the mountain slopes. 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Steve Tallon is a cycling enthusiast from the UK. In 2005, he spent eight months cycling from the UK to Japan. It was a 16,000-kilometer journey through Europe, the Middle East, central Asia and China. In a Japanophiles interview, Tallon tells Peter Barakan what inspired him to undertake this trip. He talks about the adventures he experienced along the way, and the appeal of cycling. Tallon, now a 30-year resident of Japan, also takes us to one of his favorite local destinations.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on March 24, 2022.Steve Tallon is a cycling enthusiast from the UK. In 2005, he spent eight months cycling from the UK to Japan. It was a 16,000-kilometer journey through Europe, the Middle East, central Asia and China. In a Japanophiles interview, Tallon tells Peter Barakan what inspired him to undertake this trip. He talks about the adventures he experienced along the way, and the appeal of cycling. Tallon, now a 30-year resident of Japan, also takes us to one of his favorite local destinations.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032260/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"designtalksplus","pgm_id":"2046","pgm_no":"168","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046168/images/8uFRwBVBcR5qIPoWbWhhS4sKbrpRg1qaeG5iEPAy.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046168/images/IqIbu05GhtGC7KLz1cyJa6Qz9aXVK0rXtNnMQvhb.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046168/images/bRB70CpwP1oy3f1eJYtUhKtE96rpSQFOw23fhCUz.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2046_168_20220324103000_01_1648087526","onair":1648085400000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;DESIGN TALKS plus_Disaster Prevention;en,001;2046-168-2022;","title":"DESIGN TALKS plus","title_clean":"DESIGN TALKS plus","sub_title":"Disaster Prevention","sub_title_clean":"Disaster Prevention","description":"Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and typhoons can strike with no warning and totally upend our lives. New designs tackle our relationship with nature, and help us prepare for disasters. Civil-engineering designer Hoshino Yuji explores the potential of designs that heighten disaster preparedness, and which help build new relationships between people and nature in an effort to prevent the worst.","description_clean":"Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and typhoons can strike with no warning and totally upend our lives. New designs tackle our relationship with nature, and help us prepare for disasters. Civil-engineering designer Hoshino Yuji explores the potential of designs that heighten disaster preparedness, and which help build new relationships between people and nature in an effort to prevent the worst.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046168/","category":[19],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"2029","pgm_no":"171","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029171/images/cc03SnW3OnTTDbH3XZSLeKMuGrbrJszF1Ik2IyAz.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029171/images/x6CBCfUUWi0o4xeTp7YP7p6h73hvQ2Nmddo3Qvoj.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029171/images/rIodt0BMn6chvgdYZQLiYgn9lHYuEdR8MIbcKLAy.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2029_171_20220324093000_01_1648083916","onair":1648081800000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Conversations: Learning Aesthetics from the Ancients;en,001;2029-171-2022;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Conversations: Learning Aesthetics from the Ancients","sub_title_clean":"Conversations: Learning Aesthetics from the Ancients","description":"American photographer Everett Kennedy Brown, a resident of Kyoto, traveled more than 50 countries during his career as a photojournalist before settling in Japan over 30 years ago. He expresses Kyoto as he sees it using wet plate collodion photography. Up-and-coming artist Yamada Shinya merges the worlds of Nihonga painting and anime characters in his works to international acclaim. They discuss the source of Kyoto culture through their respective arts.","description_clean":"American photographer Everett Kennedy Brown, a resident of Kyoto, traveled more than 50 countries during his career as a photojournalist before settling in Japan over 30 years ago. He expresses Kyoto as he sees it using wet plate collodion photography. Up-and-coming artist Yamada Shinya merges the worlds of Nihonga painting and anime characters in his works to international acclaim. 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Writer and \"sake evangelist\" Ota Kazuhiko, will then show you how to enjoy sake at home. He'll teach you about the beauty of sake cups, how to heat the drink and why all of that matters! We also hear from France about their own locally-produced sake and restaurant trends in Paris. (Reporter: Kyle Card)","description_clean":"See brewers in action at a 300-year-old brewery, and sing along to a traditional tune that ensures a successful batch. Writer and \"sake evangelist\" Ota Kazuhiko, will then show you how to enjoy sake at home. He'll teach you about the beauty of sake cups, how to heat the drink and why all of that matters! We also hear from France about their own locally-produced sake and restaurant trends in Paris. (Reporter: Kyle Card)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054142/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1166,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["sake"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"rising","pgm_id":"2042","pgm_no":"125","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042125/images/gQf64wyFehOu1yXf9vnke9OWcqlry9moDNyR35ev.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042125/images/dtRPuhGQtEKw7c3nuMx6th2vmhho3atdj9MsX4r3.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042125/images/hmh1h7HNle3rK4XXhTNLZtG8nvDXdd1XjQ6kuMXY.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2042_125_20220323113000_01_1648004730","onair":1648002600000,"vod_to":1711205940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;RISING_Rebuilding Communities through Abandoned Homes: Renovation Pioneer - Watanabe Kyoko;en,001;2042-125-2022;","title":"RISING","title_clean":"RISING","sub_title":"Rebuilding Communities through Abandoned Homes: Renovation Pioneer - Watanabe Kyoko","sub_title_clean":"Rebuilding Communities through Abandoned Homes: Renovation Pioneer - Watanabe Kyoko","description":"In the earthquake and tsunami of 2011, Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture lost about 4,000 lives, with damage to 77% of local homes. Since then, population decline has seen more homes go empty, but, 11 years later, a unique enterprise led by Watanabe Kyoko is leveraging these properties to revive the community and ride out the pandemic. By renovating them into guesthouses, co-working spaces, communal houses and a creative hub for artists, she is actually attracting new residents to the area.","description_clean":"In the earthquake and tsunami of 2011, Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture lost about 4,000 lives, with damage to 77% of local homes. Since then, population decline has seen more homes go empty, but, 11 years later, a unique enterprise led by Watanabe Kyoko is leveraging these properties to revive the community and ride out the pandemic. By renovating them into guesthouses, co-working spaces, communal houses and a creative hub for artists, she is actually attracting new residents to the area.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042125/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["sustainable_cities_and_communities","sdgs","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"daredevils","pgm_id":"3019","pgm_no":"144","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019144/images/xEwqIfIeuMsIocxbLi08wabiulIUjn0VpLUuMFw3.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019144/images/UWo6pVeYawTPHqjUCAu5WPBG2nOZ4mgoZLuIz0Gc.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019144/images/oeZb3x7nmBwQuBANKaWXb4hO4JdJxF7M81N1V8Lp.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3019_144_20220323103000_01_1648000556","onair":1647999000000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;3-Day Dare*Devils_The Way of the Cat Catcher;en,001;3019-144-2022;","title":"3-Day Dare*Devils","title_clean":"3-Day Dare*Devils","sub_title":"The Way of the Cat Catcher","sub_title_clean":"The Way of the Cat Catcher","description":"Our challenger this time is Indonesian YouTuber in Japan, Nario Sen. Alongside a pet detective, who has so many lost cat cases that \"cat detective\" might be more appropriate, he'll seek out missing felines. Using eyewitness reports and other clues, as well as specialist tools like traps and searchlights, they'll close in on the target. Can he catch a cat?","description_clean":"Our challenger this time is Indonesian YouTuber in Japan, Nario Sen. Alongside a pet detective, who has so many lost cat cases that \"cat detective\" might be more appropriate, he'll seek out missing felines. Using eyewitness reports and other clues, as well as specialist tools like traps and searchlights, they'll close in on the target. Can he catch a cat?","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019144/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["animals","tokyo"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"317","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019317/images/OV9URl0a8MnBM5nAy8YJjTkGnWcGp4nuViDH3dY5.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019317/images/Lczba4yGsQSw8vHbgnAX1P5vQnmDffvyPWgVQ9fm.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019317/images/iudTRuWS9QrJbHXQOpDUpFRdlYYq2dUCEWr3Dfip.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2019_317_20220322103000_01_1647914717","onair":1647912600000,"vod_to":1742655540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Cook Around Japan \"Odawara\": A Culinary Landscape of Land, Sky, and Sea;en,001;2019-317-2022;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Cook Around Japan \"Odawara\": A Culinary Landscape of Land, Sky, and Sea","sub_title_clean":"Cook Around Japan \"Odawara\": A Culinary Landscape of Land, Sky, and Sea","description":"Explore Odawara, a city rich in tradition and history, with our host Yu Hayami. Taste the bounty of land, sky and sea.

Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Explore Odawara, a city rich in tradition and history, with our host Yu Hayami. Taste the bounty of land, sky and sea. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019317/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1234,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kanagawa"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"018","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096018/images/YKFqiEvz8So55YKptTQpabPkG5HVxERgV8m7nMOw.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096018/images/aE6XiDHj9XJFMZtMR3bg3WCk7XVNux6NFOXqcJUQ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096018/images/hM44xIPqvIDuk48SNqpIrRc70WrSFBPuXKENenmR.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096_018_20220322074500_01_1647903858","onair":1647902700000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#18 Broaden My Horizons?;en,001;2096-018-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#18 Broaden My Horizons?","sub_title_clean":"#18 Broaden My Horizons?","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
Xuan struggles with the planning for the hotel's autumn campaign, and Rei gives her some advice that she should broaden her horizons. But Xuan is baffled. What should she do to broaden her horizons? How can she be able to understand his advice?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Wakuwaku
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Enkhuyanga ENKHBAYAR from Mongolia, who works at a company that produces industrial chemicals in Shiga Prefecture!","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"Xuan struggles with the planning for the hotel's autumn campaign, and Rei gives her some advice that she should broaden her horizons. But Xuan is baffled. What should she do to broaden her horizons? How can she be able to understand his advice?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Wakuwaku\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Enkhuyanga ENKHBAYAR from Mongolia, who works at a company that produces industrial chemicals in Shiga Prefecture!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096018/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":554,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"017","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096017/images/f9aLiGn5pYtEePzRbZmGiKhTw73LbETHWZTZAqPW.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096017/images/ix5BsEFzgB2LoPvK2F30UN1RmNJwkHuIy4CeLkQC.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096017/images/CoWxMXdISdNie4J7wBuqEq4SqScBDliM0N6SREjv.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096_017_20220322024500_01_1647885856","onair":1647884700000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#17 When You Disagree;en,001;2096-017-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#17 When You Disagree","sub_title_clean":"#17 When You Disagree","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
After passing out, Xuan finds herself waking up in a hotel room. Ota feels responsible for Xuan's blackout and tells her that she no longer needs to be a part of the planning team for the hotel's autumn campaign. But Xuan actually wants to plan for the campaign. What should she do?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Dondon
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Silvia DE SOUZA from Brazil, who works at a factory that coats metal parts in Toyama Prefecture!","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"After passing out, Xuan finds herself waking up in a hotel room. Ota feels responsible for Xuan's blackout and tells her that she no longer needs to be a part of the planning team for the hotel's autumn campaign. But Xuan actually wants to plan for the campaign. What should she do?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Dondon\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Silvia DE SOUZA from Brazil, who works at a factory that coats metal parts in Toyama Prefecture!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096017/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":928,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"016","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096016/images/3mKM2oOdcsALz37jQ3w4TizehHSxlr5VI6qJkOYH.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096016/images/oGdnDMX2cQ8iGuM99ryhLt4vaQSuSYdbOrpXStzh.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096016/images/AuDg0yl3QuaUeLcj8jzO7Ylt7IfIGbFQdKef4AzL.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096_016_20220321214500_01_1647867858","onair":1647866700000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#16 When Changing the Subject;en,001;2096-016-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#16 When Changing the Subject","sub_title_clean":"#16 When Changing the Subject","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
Xuan struggles with her new duties at the hotel's Japanese restaurant. Maybe because of the stress, she feels a little dizzy at work. Ota is worried about her and asks if she is okay, but Xuan's thoughts wander off. Xuan is more worried about whether or not Rei's bento menu has been chosen for the autumn campaign. As a result, she startles Ota by abruptly bringing up the subject during their conversation. What could she have done to avoid surprising Ota?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Papatto
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Nalin Dananjaya RATNAYAKA from Sri Lanka, who works as a mechanic at a car dealership in Chiba Prefecture!","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"Xuan struggles with her new duties at the hotel's Japanese restaurant. Maybe because of the stress, she feels a little dizzy at work. Ota is worried about her and asks if she is okay, but Xuan's thoughts wander off. Xuan is more worried about whether or not Rei's bento menu has been chosen for the autumn campaign. As a result, she startles Ota by abruptly bringing up the subject during their conversation. What could she have done to avoid surprising Ota?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Papatto\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Nalin Dananjaya RATNAYAKA from Sri Lanka, who works as a mechanic at a car dealership in Chiba Prefecture!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096016/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":741,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologymini","pgm_id":"6032","pgm_no":"028","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032028/images/iyaoliT1UhHlxeEPOeaUFH6O3AXuW2CcY8wzWSsz.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032028/images/eQkQoJ3UYjQvI5slAtKJN9PH163DE7ZF1Hb8GTzT.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032028/images/IJAyLMrDII9z0aFpwcWxHzD0dzzeQFddSMdMzhHF.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6032_028_20220321161000_01_1647847062","onair":1647846600000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus mini_Tatami;en,001;6032-028-2022;","title":"Japanology Plus mini","title_clean":"Japanology Plus mini","sub_title":"Tatami","sub_title_clean":"Tatami","description":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at tatami mats: a quintessentially Japanese flooring material. Tatami mats are made from rice straw covered in woven soft rush. This gives them just the right amount of give, and a fresh natural fragrance. Tatami rooms are used for eating, sleeping and relaxing. They're also important for the tea ceremony and martial arts.","description_clean":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at tatami mats: a quintessentially Japanese flooring material. Tatami mats are made from rice straw covered in woven soft rush. This gives them just the right amount of give, and a fresh natural fragrance. Tatami rooms are used for eating, sleeping and relaxing. They're also important for the tea ceremony and martial arts.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032028/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"015","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096015/images/dNuTbQLzYSBSg6L3BrLUuBbfuYDWrS2uKHjjUe19.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096015/images/kgebb9iElyRo9g2QnLJabC9vozB0rkX8an9xA5ev.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096015/images/XPRtWCbMj5t5WEanbkTounDBK8Pfk90mHniEyPup.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2096_015_20220321154500_01_1647846365","onair":1647845100000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#15 Everyone Has an Opinion;en,001;2096-015-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#15 Everyone Has an Opinion","sub_title_clean":"#15 Everyone Has an Opinion","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
Ota asks Xuan, Danny and Monica to plan an activity for the hotel's autumn campaign, and the three of them try to discuss their ideas. Yansu notices that Danny has remained quiet and tells Xuan that she should get everyone to participate in the discussion. How can Xuan encourage Danny to join in the discussion?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Sotto
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Tanikawa Iryna from Ukraine, who makes traditional Japanese sweets at a confectionary in Fukui Prefecture!","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"Ota asks Xuan, Danny and Monica to plan an activity for the hotel's autumn campaign, and the three of them try to discuss their ideas. Yansu notices that Danny has remained quiet and tells Xuan that she should get everyone to participate in the discussion. How can Xuan encourage Danny to join in the discussion?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Sotto\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Tanikawa Iryna from Ukraine, who makes traditional Japanese sweets at a confectionary in Fukui Prefecture!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096015/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":804,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"014","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096014/images/3npEfwnJl156wo2qh2shzMz1yTqj9sl1b2Rbnsjn.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096014/images/I2iDGqeRhh1fsHyhfPwlzZQoNDdyZvrFYOIpTXYe.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096014/images/FwKbb2DdFC12gA9p3LPyevTGRqDzoROvW15LjoLw.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096_014_20220321104500_01_1647828365","onair":1647827100000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#14 If You Don't Remember...;en,001;2096-014-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#14 If You Don't Remember...","sub_title_clean":"#14 If You Don't Remember...","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
Xuan visits Kaan's food truck during lunch break and, to her surprise, finds Rei there. He has been learning how to make Turkish cuisine at the food truck to broaden his culinary skills. After being asked by Rei, Xuan teaches him how to make a Vietnamese dish, but she is unable to remember the name of one of the ingredients. How can she tell him what it is?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Moyamoya
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Om Saory from Cambodia, who works at a farm in Kagawa Prefecture!","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"Xuan visits Kaan's food truck during lunch break and, to her surprise, finds Rei there. He has been learning how to make Turkish cuisine at the food truck to broaden his culinary skills. After being asked by Rei, Xuan teaches him how to make a Vietnamese dish, but she is unable to remember the name of one of the ingredients. How can she tell him what it is?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Moyamoya\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Om Saory from Cambodia, who works at a farm in Kagawa Prefecture!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096014/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":804,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"zerowaste","pgm_id":"2093","pgm_no":"021","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093021/images/StczI1UZj9NzFLYEuwm56ugR2YgvxNdaW1ObiGiu.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093021/images/Jwjn7KzIrZdTXDxfmrL7NqcU3JQtgr4K0Wl8y8SU.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093021/images/QhTiJB1LKjpDwD5ZGpBlqmPI1eNpT8wNwGZSqjsA.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt","vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2093_021_20220321091000_01_1647822659","onair":1647821400000,"vod_to":1742569140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Zero Waste Life_Folk House: The Beauty of Age;en,001;2093-021-2022;","title":"Zero Waste Life","title_clean":"Zero Waste Life","sub_title":"Folk House: The Beauty of Age","sub_title_clean":"Folk House: The Beauty of Age","description":"Matsuba Tomi lives in a town steeped in history, running an inn in an old folk house she restored, reusing waste materials. Discarded bricks line the garden path, the washroom basin is a broken jar, and the windows are a patchwork of old panes; carefully made old things that have become beautiful with time. In winter, dried fruits and vegetables hang from the eaves. She seldom throws anything away, uses everything with care and lives conscientiously. And her aesthetic sense permeates the entire inn.","description_clean":"Matsuba Tomi lives in a town steeped in history, running an inn in an old folk house she restored, reusing waste materials. Discarded bricks line the garden path, the washroom basin is a broken jar, and the windows are a patchwork of old panes; carefully made old things that have become beautiful with time. In winter, dried fruits and vegetables hang from the eaves. She seldom throws anything away, uses everything with care and lives conscientiously. And her aesthetic sense permeates the entire inn.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093021/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["responsible_consumption_and_production","sustainable_cities_and_communities","good_health_and_well-being","sdgs","shimane"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"013","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096013/images/im8C80HFvVL4ls8FXGbPTy6OZIMhtymts7ycuZ7S.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096013/images/SatJNkMTiSPD23xVw2gxa62T9tvfYhGJNybeXJv1.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096013/images/eg99wb1JNPxMejGPPWGaaQCcJFRwOV5tgJGeyZXx.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096_013_20220321054000_01_1647810065","onair":1647808800000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#13 Putting Yourself in the Guest's Shoes;en,001;2096-013-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#13 Putting Yourself in the Guest's Shoes","sub_title_clean":"#13 Putting Yourself in the Guest's Shoes","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
Xuan's latest worry is Danny, her \"kohai\" junior colleague. Sumire rebukes Danny over his attitude toward a guest, but he thinks it is simply because of her dislike for him. Danny fails to understand when Sumire tells him to put himself in the guest's shoes. Xuan wants to explain and struggles to get Danny to understand. How can she explain what Sumire meant?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Jiintosuru
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Geng Yunting from China, who works at a machine parts manufacturer in Gifu Prefecture!","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"Xuan's latest worry is Danny, her \"kohai\" junior colleague. Sumire rebukes Danny over his attitude toward a guest, but he thinks it is simply because of her dislike for him. Danny fails to understand when Sumire tells him to put himself in the guest's shoes. Xuan wants to explain and struggles to get Danny to understand. How can she explain what Sumire meant?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Jiintosuru\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Geng Yunting from China, who works at a machine parts manufacturer in Gifu Prefecture!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096013/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":130,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"012","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096012/images/NgTs4otDlUsrBXjk1xWzwMqE4BScmIJUqqC63eMt.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096012/images/sRGMkUrTKV9wPgD58ELD1Kfpf3JAuhZChxkDWnWi.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096012/images/BGqyOeeWtVBZWnrGV5977171NHvFo7NeefgHQLP7.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096_012_20220321004500_01_1647792299","onair":1647791100000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#12 Ending a Conversation on a High Note;en,001;2096-012-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#12 Ending a Conversation on a High Note","sub_title_clean":"#12 Ending a Conversation on a High Note","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
Trouble at the hotel. The flowers for the wedding today have failed to arrive. Ota asks Xuan to go to the flower shop to get them, and Xuan hurries over. But the chatty shopkeeper keeps rambling on! How can Xuan cut the conversation short politely?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Supatto
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Jung Min Hyeok from South Korea, who works at a ski resort in Hokkaido Prefecture!","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"Trouble at the hotel. The flowers for the wedding today have failed to arrive. Ota asks Xuan to go to the flower shop to get them, and Xuan hurries over. But the chatty shopkeeper keeps rambling on! How can Xuan cut the conversation short politely?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Supatto\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Jung Min Hyeok from South Korea, who works at a ski resort in Hokkaido Prefecture!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096012/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":804,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologymini","pgm_id":"6032","pgm_no":"027","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032027/images/oZXSlFYMlfgZD692r8WPtSo5phjKLdSBCYLGfW0Y.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032027/images/RsuL8TsRCR3iQ5YqEAf6SSRRd9VqNEaqMpQgcsVD.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032027/images/upFuQKjwN81adnm6gBXjECxXLTUjFQlUceJgiMyj.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6032_027_20220320124500_01_1647748328","onair":1647747900000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus mini_Scissors;en,001;6032-027-2022;","title":"Japanology Plus mini","title_clean":"Japanology Plus mini","sub_title":"Scissors","sub_title_clean":"Scissors","description":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at scissors. After arriving in Japan, they evolved in unique ways. Japanese artisans applied traditional sword-making techniques to the creation of a broad variety of highly specialized and customized tools. Distinctive scissors play a key role in various aspects of Japanese culture, including flower arranging and kimono making.","description_clean":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at scissors. After arriving in Japan, they evolved in unique ways. Japanese artisans applied traditional sword-making techniques to the creation of a broad variety of highly specialized and customized tools. Distinctive scissors play a key role in various aspects of Japanese culture, including flower arranging and kimono making.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032027/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologymini","pgm_id":"6032","pgm_no":"026","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032026/images/gDWWEa3IjU8Ysp6CkPQwbCCxT9L8Woh5SoZ2gJxi.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032026/images/yytHZYD1N5PwPmyqgk6g1mGhNTB3tcUlovl3YbKe.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032026/images/o84Z2FkNC9s3MpE8mvXL5s1n4Nbw9KHqbwrRXfBo.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6032_026_20220320124000_01_1647748034","onair":1647747600000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus mini_Cats and Japan;en,001;6032-026-2022;","title":"Japanology Plus mini","title_clean":"Japanology Plus mini","sub_title":"Cats and Japan","sub_title_clean":"Cats and Japan","description":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at the significance of cats in Japan. Cats have recently become the most-owned pets in Japan, and their popularity continues to grow with cat cafes and similar businesses proliferating. However, feral cats are a problem in cities, and local communities are searching for solutions.","description_clean":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at the significance of cats in Japan. Cats have recently become the most-owned pets in Japan, and their popularity continues to grow with cat cafes and similar businesses proliferating. However, feral cats are a problem in cities, and local communities are searching for solutions.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032026/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1324,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwcmini","pgm_id":"6031","pgm_no":"021","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6031021/images/8BbRXF8412xZvnua4M2YMDI3L65DleOxN4CaEO2o.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6031021/images/mPgnC0qusruKE5O06SpeikBGDpEJOEW9MaVOMtEd.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6031021/images/TRgMMHwm34GOhB7kkI5bxQayUetWmyD15GFWgrV1.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6031_021_20220320115000_01_1647745031","onair":1647744600000,"vod_to":1742482740000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef Mini_Buttered Mackerel with Ponzu;en,001;6031-021-2022;","title":"Dining with the Chef Mini","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef Mini","sub_title":"Buttered Mackerel with Ponzu","sub_title_clean":"Buttered Mackerel with Ponzu","description":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques in 5 minutes! Featured recipe: Buttered Mackerel with Ponzu.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques in 5 minutes! Featured recipe: Buttered Mackerel with Ponzu.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6031021/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1166,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"woodlandjapan","pgm_id":"6047","pgm_no":"003","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6047003/images/EIfV16aTPO8q5PnXw9yYBGkfaxDPQDVVCIESJXDj.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6047003/images/M1DPRGeIo2Taq5P3EGj5B4zEitYxFNtJcjyRL5md.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6047003/images/F8LOLhzQ2Ei5uX2xb4gaVpbFxOdfoIgymwSlOe9T.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6047_003_20220320082000_01_1647732432","onair":1647732000000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;A Culture Built with Wood_Kiso;en,001;6047-003-2022;","title":"A Culture Built with Wood","title_clean":"A Culture Built with Wood","sub_title":"Kiso","sub_title_clean":"Kiso","description":"The Kiso region in Nagano Prefecture is covered by coniferous forests that have been tended by human hands over generations. The Akasawa Natural Recreation Forest is known as one of Japan's 3 most beautiful forests and is home to 300-year-old hinoki cypress trees. Locally-produced lumber is used to make a wide range of products. One of them is the sushi barrel, which is indispensable for making delicious sushi. Join us as we savor the rich culture shaped by the forests of the Kiso region.","description_clean":"The Kiso region in Nagano Prefecture is covered by coniferous forests that have been tended by human hands over generations. The Akasawa Natural Recreation Forest is known as one of Japan's 3 most beautiful forests and is home to 300-year-old hinoki cypress trees. Locally-produced lumber is used to make a wide range of products. One of them is the sushi barrel, which is indispensable for making delicious sushi. Join us as we savor the rich culture shaped by the forests of the Kiso region.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6047003/","category":[15,23],"mostwatch_ranking":425,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"woodlandjapan","pgm_id":"6047","pgm_no":"002","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6047002/images/p1wcINZGN645vJ0IOsojR6tQViCYy7BKeVWAPAXd.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6047002/images/T45TqPok2M1eCsh0FwTUzIMYvDC9kbskISyogskb.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6047002/images/sFJNg61Ts5zv7JRyuDl7ywleUNAMw0g3I5NCbnS3.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6047_002_20220320012500_01_1647707536","onair":1647707100000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;A Culture Built with Wood_Kishu;en,001;6047-002-2022;","title":"A Culture Built with Wood","title_clean":"A Culture Built with Wood","sub_title":"Kishu","sub_title_clean":"Kishu","description":"Kishu, in the southern part of the Kii Peninsula, faces the Pacific Ocean and is famous among chefs worldwide for its charcoal production. The charcoal is known as Kishu Binchotan, and the wood used to make the charcoal is sourced from local mountains. For over 200 years, local charcoal makers have used an eco-friendly technique called selective cutting to cut down suitable trees and simultaneously promote new growth. Join us as we examine what fuels the charcoal culture of Kishu.","description_clean":"Kishu, in the southern part of the Kii Peninsula, faces the Pacific Ocean and is famous among chefs worldwide for its charcoal production. The charcoal is known as Kishu Binchotan, and the wood used to make the charcoal is sourced from local mountains. For over 200 years, local charcoal makers have used an eco-friendly technique called selective cutting to cut down suitable trees and simultaneously promote new growth. Join us as we examine what fuels the charcoal culture of Kishu.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6047002/","category":[15,23],"mostwatch_ranking":768,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"woodlandjapan","pgm_id":"6047","pgm_no":"001","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6047001/images/oHDRF493Q9UlHVEIjya4v92vOrJHCaA5fHt7x8Du.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6047001/images/QvGD9DODE1bcWPHDFvB662ZLUbJ9DGwBuq3jxa5o.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6047001/images/S00MRmWacW3yjC8u0h4xT3khiWcpwmLqdOJ7GwH4.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6047_001_20220319132000_02_1647918738","onair":1647663600000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;A Culture Built with Wood_Hida;en,001;6047-001-2022;","title":"A Culture Built with Wood","title_clean":"A Culture Built with Wood","sub_title":"Hida","sub_title_clean":"Hida","description":"The Hida region in Gifu Prefecture has some of the country's most extensive broadleaf forests. 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*According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 4 (2022), Shunbun is from March 21 to April 5.","description_clean":"At the Nara Basin, spring is in full bloom. Around the Yamato Sanzan (the 3 mountains of Yamato, Mt. Unebi, Mt. Miminashi and Mt. Kagu), Fujiwara-kyo, the ancient capital of Japan, once flourished. In this season, the old city ruins' protagonists are the cherry trees of Someiyoshino. They blossom here and there to color the air pink. What was the spring view like when Prince Naka no Oe watched this place? *According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 4 (2022), Shunbun is from March 21 to April 5.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042023/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["nature","spring","cherry_blossoms","nara"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologyplus","pgm_id":"2032","pgm_no":"259","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032259/images/lsUJdoqpnhnud3ezVlOGBT24ztemHxrUnz1ZCamb.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032259/images/Y5Wp3EoRMn4OBRemYIAs1WbSFpFs72hCpxysKFph.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032259/images/dCyM3hRksRtXSieCvKadoLEheorrL3RLAzhapR8o.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2032_259_20220317113000_01_1647486372","onair":1647484200000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus_Jomon Period: Dogu;en,001;2032-259-2022;","title":"Japanology Plus","title_clean":"Japanology Plus","sub_title":"Jomon Period: Dogu","sub_title_clean":"Jomon Period: Dogu","description":"*First broadcast on March 17, 2022.
The Jomon period lasted from around 13,000 BC to 300 BC. This society of hunter-gatherers cherished peace, cooperation and a deep connection to the natural world. In the second of two episodes about the Jomon period, we look at clay figurines called dogu. They feature dramatic poses, exaggerated features and cord-marked patterns. Museum curator Kokubo Takuya talks about research into dogu, and the information it has revealed about their purpose and their importance.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on March 17, 2022.The Jomon period lasted from around 13,000 BC to 300 BC. This society of hunter-gatherers cherished peace, cooperation and a deep connection to the natural world. In the second of two episodes about the Jomon period, we look at clay figurines called dogu. They feature dramatic poses, exaggerated features and cord-marked patterns. 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When the ancient capital was established in the late 8th century, temple bells were positioned in auspicious directions in relation to the imperial palace so their peal could protect the city. Some people are working to create a new \"sound of Kyoto\" based on these bells. The small bells used in Buddhist rites have transcended boundaries and are being used in everyday life for their calming properties.","description_clean":"The tone and timbre of Buddhist bells depends on their shape, thickness and metal composition. When the ancient capital was established in the late 8th century, temple bells were positioned in auspicious directions in relation to the imperial palace so their peal could protect the city. Some people are working to create a new \"sound of Kyoto\" based on these bells. The small bells used in Buddhist rites have transcended boundaries and are being used in everyday life for their calming properties.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029170/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japantimelapse","pgm_id":"6025","pgm_no":"027","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6025027/images/fNZ85OakoRq66gtd6bReSWA53ZmmEyV4YQ161Lku.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6025027/images/jylZxvbOKez1x10LEa4asNh12N4TF6ulADirSlVz.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6025027/images/RTMNnXagyW6vIT4PGC6aM63Ru6qpuCceNgYbEPgt.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6025_027_20220317082000_01_1647473229","onair":1647472800000,"vod_to":1742223540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Time-lapse Japan_JOMON: Dogu;en,001;6025-027-2022;","title":"Time-lapse Japan","title_clean":"Time-lapse Japan","sub_title":"JOMON: Dogu","sub_title_clean":"JOMON: Dogu","description":"The Jomon period dates roughly from 13,000 BC to 300 BC. 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This time: Dogu.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6025027/","category":[20,15],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"141","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054141/images/RmQ7FWISUcjZhHEz0f2MLq2RkLSrX1hi5fE37Axv.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054141/images/MlOGa9qxhOtSDqSrujkiwfRuERG5Ox1XWtFY0XmX.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054141/images/Vp6W0Ofy4u5Ly9JEcOkt1nGBUTaEOpvtecK6APpM.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2054_141_20220317053000_01_1647480208","onair":1647462600000,"vod_to":1742137140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_TSUKEMONO;en,001;2054-141-2022;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"TSUKEMONO","sub_title_clean":"TSUKEMONO","description":"Tsukemono, or Japanese pickles, have come a long way from being just a simple dish paired with rice. They're made using a variety of ingredients and seasonings from all regions of Japan. There was a time when Nukazuke, the most common type, was being prepared in nearly every household. Its mild aroma — a product of fermentation — always evokes a feeling of nostalgia. In recent years, tsukemono has gained traction as a health food. Learn quick and easy recipes and check out an interesting collaboration with Danish food preservation culture. (Reporter: Kyle Card)","description_clean":"Tsukemono, or Japanese pickles, have come a long way from being just a simple dish paired with rice. They're made using a variety of ingredients and seasonings from all regions of Japan. There was a time when Nukazuke, the most common type, was being prepared in nearly every household. Its mild aroma — a product of fermentation — always evokes a feeling of nostalgia. In recent years, tsukemono has gained traction as a health food. Learn quick and easy recipes and check out an interesting collaboration with Danish food preservation culture. (Reporter: Kyle Card)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054141/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1324,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"rising","pgm_id":"2042","pgm_no":"124","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042124/images/UxTk5IPiA9e2wv4tVLr4hTsQO3DeAITX7zgjo2FA.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042124/images/jMNYPTFJHWRxKQsBlMvPXkn8SLfHAX0qgpN0R405.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042124/images/sXq6xiooKdPQ9Q5baBQulQ0FzJZCVdZ6RO7JOHlS.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2042_124_20220316113000_01_1647399920","onair":1647397800000,"vod_to":1710601140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;RISING_Turning Surplus Ingredients into Craft Gin: Sustainable Distillery CEO - Yamamoto Yuya;en,001;2042-124-2022;","title":"RISING","title_clean":"RISING","sub_title":"Turning Surplus Ingredients into Craft Gin: Sustainable Distillery CEO - Yamamoto Yuya","sub_title_clean":"Turning Surplus Ingredients into Craft Gin: Sustainable Distillery CEO - Yamamoto Yuya","description":"In traditional sake brewing, sake lees is a major byproduct that is typically thrown away in large quantities. Yamamoto Yuya runs a distillery that is trying to change this by using these long-overlooked leftovers as a base for the production of craft gin, lending astonishing depths of aroma and flavor to the final product. And this sustainability conscious business also makes use of other surplus ingredients like cacao husks, coffee grounds, and beer that has gone unsold due to the pandemic.","description_clean":"In traditional sake brewing, sake lees is a major byproduct that is typically thrown away in large quantities. Yamamoto Yuya runs a distillery that is trying to change this by using these long-overlooked leftovers as a base for the production of craft gin, lending astonishing depths of aroma and flavor to the final product. And this sustainability conscious business also makes use of other surplus ingredients like cacao husks, coffee grounds, and beer that has gone unsold due to the pandemic.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042124/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["life_on_land","responsible_consumption_and_production","industry_innovation_and_infrastructure","sdgs","transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"magicaljapanese","pgm_id":"2092","pgm_no":"010","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092010/images/Obtj8XwsMjbKV1vtZw8K20uEjz6f8jLIGDhS4If1.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092010/images/d5edLpCCZxbEVAewIuyCFe3oulHcEqDhKQPewl0W.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092010/images/4smkyJVLKqxYFaBivFqh0RIzTRpM3QDJncQECeZU.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["vi","zh","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2092_010_20220316104500_01_1647395889","onair":1647395100000,"vod_to":1742137140000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Magical Japanese_Moon;en,001;2092-010-2022;","title":"Magical Japanese","title_clean":"Magical Japanese","sub_title":"Moon","sub_title_clean":"Moon","description":"The Japanese language is rich in words and expressions influenced by nature, history and culture. This episode looks at words related to the moon. The Japanese have always been captivated by the moon, interpreting closely its many expressions and generating new words to describe its many faces. From his home in Kyoto Prefecture, poet and literary translator Peter MacMillan guides us through these words and the culture behind them.","description_clean":"The Japanese language is rich in words and expressions influenced by nature, history and culture. This episode looks at words related to the moon. The Japanese have always been captivated by the moon, interpreting closely its many expressions and generating new words to describe its many faces. From his home in Kyoto Prefecture, poet and literary translator Peter MacMillan guides us through these words and the culture behind them.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092010/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":1046,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2032-276"}],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"15minutes","pgm_id":"3019","pgm_no":"165","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019165/images/EJhUR8hHj4ujwRiFwBVpY4M8cjVKtyTvJFQPN4ey.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019165/images/mWIqdFpDRGwFdrB0L1Lpahr6HLbd3u310oXblDIw.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019165/images/RA8DOzbimskuhbulSxtt7rgrxg0S0CYTIHhfw6Fz.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3019_165_20220316103000_01_1647395372","onair":1647394200000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;15 Minutes_A Treasured Creation: Nature-Made Amber Vinegar;en,001;3019-165-2022;","title":"15 Minutes","title_clean":"15 Minutes","sub_title":"A Treasured Creation: Nature-Made Amber Vinegar","sub_title_clean":"A Treasured Creation: Nature-Made Amber Vinegar","description":"Rows of black ceramic pots sit in the sun as rice and koji malt ferment inside. For more than a year, the enzymes will turn the mash into prized amber vinegar with only the gentlest interventions from the brewers. \"Every pot turns out different faces,\" says vinegar artisan Sakamoto Hiroaki. \"We try to listen to what the magical fungi are saying.\" We explore the centuries-old methods behind the making of Kurozu vinegar.","description_clean":"Rows of black ceramic pots sit in the sun as rice and koji malt ferment inside. For more than a year, the enzymes will turn the mash into prized amber vinegar with only the gentlest interventions from the brewers. \"Every pot turns out different faces,\" says vinegar artisan Sakamoto Hiroaki. \"We try to listen to what the magical fungi are saying.\" We explore the centuries-old methods behind the making of Kurozu vinegar.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019165/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japantimelapse","pgm_id":"6025","pgm_no":"026","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6025026/images/5eQStENsCpP4ri6jShqOKs0VHS0pwbZ6snixERM9.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6025026/images/GMLQ9U2Jtyutx2qaW5LB0wXMQaVUNziMZcGzVzf7.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6025026/images/ORYfHYiAygUAMwMcJJ07omt9Mgv6rWopRebHNQzJ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6025_026_20220316082000_01_1647397327","onair":1647386400000,"vod_to":1742137140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Time-lapse Japan_JOMON: The Oyu Stone Circles;en,001;6025-026-2022;","title":"Time-lapse Japan","title_clean":"Time-lapse Japan","sub_title":"JOMON: The Oyu Stone Circles","sub_title_clean":"JOMON: The Oyu Stone Circles","description":"The Jomon period dates roughly from 13,000 BC to 300 BC. We examine various aspects of Jomon society, with footage from time-lapse creator Shimizu Daisuke. This time: the Oyu Stone Circles.","description_clean":"The Jomon period dates roughly from 13,000 BC to 300 BC. We examine various aspects of Jomon society, with footage from time-lapse creator Shimizu Daisuke. This time: the Oyu Stone Circles.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6025026/","category":[20,15],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japantimelapse","pgm_id":"6025","pgm_no":"025","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6025025/images/xGC2KT5ZzlBX6PwccaiUDIynyiBnZXwY4bwzZhJD.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6025025/images/uokMmflpOZ6OScUFFS2Tr4EwCKBgqwN94NNHFEFV.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6025025/images/gNb1Uy7oM5WTyettFSLvZqrjxGA7IkfxdgyrEwOC.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6025_025_20220315082000_01_1647313519","onair":1647300000000,"vod_to":1742050740000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Time-lapse Japan_JOMON: The Sannai Maruyama Site;en,001;6025-025-2022;","title":"Time-lapse Japan","title_clean":"Time-lapse Japan","sub_title":"JOMON: The Sannai Maruyama Site","sub_title_clean":"JOMON: The Sannai Maruyama Site","description":"The Jomon period dates roughly from 13,000 BC to 300 BC. We examine various aspects of Jomon society, with footage from time-lapse creator Shimizu Daisuke. This time: the Sannai Maruyama Site.","description_clean":"The Jomon period dates roughly from 13,000 BC to 300 BC. We examine various aspects of Jomon society, with footage from time-lapse creator Shimizu Daisuke. This time: the Sannai Maruyama Site.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6025025/","category":[20,15],"mostwatch_ranking":1234,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"011","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096011/images/myEhFLk8CIjL1bXTOLFcQ5s2ckLNWGTYQyfC5WDi.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096011/images/ziE0tTBDNCRKorxxlFvAFDXy1aYv5QmzOizOkqF0.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096011/images/pqNkwMin1sPDv5VT51mq5sHH9ZXyVVLosaQCLK8q.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2096_011_20220314054000_01_1647205153","onair":1647204000000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#11 ASAP Isn't Easy;en,001;2096-011-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#11 ASAP Isn't Easy","sub_title_clean":"#11 ASAP Isn't Easy","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
As Xuan teaches Danny how to do his job while she tackles her own work, her life is busy and fulfilling. One day, Ota asks Danny and Xuan to do a task with the instruction \"as soon as possible.\" But, since the 2 have other work to finish, they decide to address the matter later. Is that the decision they should make?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Hetoheto
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" features Irina Cheblakova from Russia, who works at a business support center in Tottori Prefecture that promotes international business activities!","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"As Xuan teaches Danny how to do his job while she tackles her own work, her life is busy and fulfilling. One day, Ota asks Danny and Xuan to do a task with the instruction \"as soon as possible.\" But, since the 2 have other work to finish, they decide to address the matter later. Is that the decision they should make?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Hetoheto\"Welcome to My Japan!\" features Irina Cheblakova from Russia, who works at a business support center in Tottori Prefecture that promotes international business activities!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096011/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":989,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"010","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096010/images/UKvQrt54gQ3HpBppxQ0qoL1DvUEcjhlew9VARhYn.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096010/images/7ZAa9rSzlplmDaRiw5I25rsvSCJQQ78LyG3O5yuw.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096010/images/xNVAnEj1XTg4HltHiOzbwZAJlxuIY1WoQeGp71jy.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096_010_20220314004500_01_1647187579","onair":1647186300000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#10 Speaking Simply Is Thoughtful;en,001;2096-010-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#10 Speaking Simply Is Thoughtful","sub_title_clean":"#10 Speaking Simply Is Thoughtful","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
Xuan's days as a rookie at the hotel are no more. One morning, a new member joins the crew. Now she has a \"kohai\" junior called Danny, from Indonesia. It turns out that Danny cannot understand complicated Japanese phrases, and he fails to understand Sumire's instructions. As his \"senpai\" senior colleague, Xuan tries to explain what Sumire meant, but it is a struggle.
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Bottosuru
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" features Nguyen Manh Duong from Vietnam, who works at a company that conducts steel reinforcement work in Ibaraki Prefecture!","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"Xuan's days as a rookie at the hotel are no more. One morning, a new member joins the crew. Now she has a \"kohai\" junior called Danny, from Indonesia. It turns out that Danny cannot understand complicated Japanese phrases, and he fails to understand Sumire's instructions. As his \"senpai\" senior colleague, Xuan tries to explain what Sumire meant, but it is a struggle.\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Bottosuru\"Welcome to My Japan!\" features Nguyen Manh Duong from Vietnam, who works at a company that conducts steel reinforcement work in Ibaraki Prefecture!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096010/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":928,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hometown","pgm_id":"5003","pgm_no":"191","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003191/images/oTZNQTEe05kxC6e0xWFRgYkh4CVyJqp91508fZCb.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003191/images/F7o1l0KeAl9riFmEZM9caVZMxX1GW3BsE9TIvGFL.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003191/images/70eIya4yzUCEQN27JbFt7TlN64iqBPufUPnuzuza.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5003_191_20220313101000_01_1647223664","onair":1647133800000,"vod_to":1710341940000,"movie_lengh":"27:15","movie_duration":1635,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Hometown Stories_A Small Village with Big Ideas;en,001;5003-191-2022;","title":"Hometown Stories","title_clean":"Hometown Stories","sub_title":"A Small Village with Big Ideas","sub_title_clean":"A Small Village with Big Ideas","description":"Kosuge Village in Yamanashi Prefecture, west of Tokyo, has a population of about 700. Although small and without many residents, the village is always lively and up for new challenges. It runs many unique projects, such as building tiny houses to attract young people and drones that deliver food and daily necessities to residents. Its efforts are now drawing nationwide attention. At the forefront is village mayor, Funaki Naoyoshi. We follow this small community as they come up with various new ideas for revitalization.","description_clean":"Kosuge Village in Yamanashi Prefecture, west of Tokyo, has a population of about 700. Although small and without many residents, the village is always lively and up for new challenges. It runs many unique projects, such as building tiny houses to attract young people and drones that deliver food and daily necessities to residents. Its efforts are now drawing nationwide attention. At the forefront is village mayor, Funaki Naoyoshi. We follow this small community as they come up with various new ideas for revitalization.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003191/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"anipara","pgm_id":"6027","pgm_no":"013","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6027013/images/3ukGs1m8ZaeSNJVFdqLa2Id4zR76lZWxdjWtnHod.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6027013/images/KnXB4vHkmvtuQjbDKOtBAFtl3PtBJdObcFjjDVGu.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6027013/images/Ez68u2FaMGgAMHXKnNv0pfbvuAxVo6z6J2SzBuf8.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6027_013_20220312125500_01_1647057731","onair":1647057300000,"vod_to":1861887540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Animation x Paralympic: Who Is Your Hero?_Episode 13: Para Alpine Skiing;en,001;6027-013-2022;","title":"Animation x Paralympic: Who Is Your Hero?","title_clean":"Animation x Paralympic: Who Is Your Hero?","sub_title":"Episode 13: Para Alpine Skiing","sub_title_clean":"Episode 13: Para Alpine Skiing","description":"The 13th episode of the project to express the charm of Para Sports with a series of anime, featuring fascinating characters designed by Hisashi Eguchi. This anime portrays Para Alpine Skiing, one of the fastest sports where players take on a challenge in the world of ultimate speed. Our protagonist, Momo, who has just started her life in a wheelchair, falls in love with Alpine Skiing. However, the more advanced she becomes with the sport, the more fear of severe falls she has to face. To dive into a new world, Momo decides to...... The theme song \"On Your Mark\" is performed by Awesome City Club.

©EGUCHI HISASHI / NHK","description_clean":"The 13th episode of the project to express the charm of Para Sports with a series of anime, featuring fascinating characters designed by Hisashi Eguchi. This anime portrays Para Alpine Skiing, one of the fastest sports where players take on a challenge in the world of ultimate speed. Our protagonist, Momo, who has just started her life in a wheelchair, falls in love with Alpine Skiing. However, the more advanced she becomes with the sport, the more fear of severe falls she has to face. To dive into a new world, Momo decides to...... 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The region also boasts a unique culture from its past as the Ryukyu Kingdom.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6046004/","category":[15,23],"mostwatch_ranking":1046,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["okinawa"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"nationalparks","pgm_id":"6046","pgm_no":"003","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6046003/images/gTEzw9UiSUi3E6XPP1KzEjxnrOfz6Hkz8tHPR7ad.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6046003/images/lt4e3gKp6wqKVBYiktN4AWjPmhSeormi1QOwpxki.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6046003/images/IfXugyWWqd0EQpeTPoqfpZnARUGWKlXS4a2syWyh.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6046_003_20220309015500_01_1646758932","onair":1646758500000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;National Parks of Japan_Towada-Hachimantai;en,001;6046-003-2022;","title":"National Parks of Japan","title_clean":"National Parks of Japan","sub_title":"Towada-Hachimantai","sub_title_clean":"Towada-Hachimantai","description":"Towada-Hachimantai National Park was shaped through volcanic activity. It comprises a mystical lake, a nature-filled gorge and numerous marshes. Nature and humans have worked hand in hand to preserve this natural heritage, showcase Lake Towada's imposing beauty, and restore the bloom to Mt. Hachimantai's marshland.","description_clean":"Towada-Hachimantai National Park was shaped through volcanic activity. It comprises a mystical lake, a nature-filled gorge and numerous marshes. Nature and humans have worked hand in hand to preserve this natural heritage, showcase Lake Towada's imposing beauty, and restore the bloom to Mt. Hachimantai's marshland.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6046003/","category":[15,23],"mostwatch_ranking":1234,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["iwate","aomori","akita"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"nationalparks","pgm_id":"6046","pgm_no":"002","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6046002/images/2SnL2Tu2PYerKmGKOakBtANLIRVYDKXbquHsR4gj.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6046002/images/ldk1Pzf6FWPmwRAgznzK7vsb8VTxkScLDgEmPD3s.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6046002/images/XiuD2d7DhRn1hEDyHNLidHDs3TNEhtgymUqH8Fuk.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6046_002_20220308175500_01_1646730130","onair":1646729700000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;National Parks of Japan_Akan-Mashu;en,001;6046-002-2022;","title":"National Parks of Japan","title_clean":"National Parks of Japan","sub_title":"Akan-Mashu","sub_title_clean":"Akan-Mashu","description":"Akan-Mashu National Park is located in Japan's northernmost prefecture of Hokkaido. It's home to Lake Akan, Lake Kussharo and Lake Mashu, 3 unique lakes formed by repeated volcanic activity. Join us as we take in its stunning winter sights and learn about the indigenous Ainu culture, which was influenced by the surrounding nature.","description_clean":"Akan-Mashu National Park is located in Japan's northernmost prefecture of Hokkaido. It's home to Lake Akan, Lake Kussharo and Lake Mashu, 3 unique lakes formed by repeated volcanic activity. Join us as we take in its stunning winter sights and learn about the indigenous Ainu culture, which was influenced by the surrounding nature.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6046002/","category":[15,23],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["hokkaido"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"nationalparks","pgm_id":"6046","pgm_no":"001","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6046001/images/edUbGvV3EycQJl9mTZ7Y3CJcWxGEpVYWKHRK4a8U.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6046001/images/6eHdMla8sLcJfbhcbvWtNKg5XvAX5x3td5YACj3f.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6046001/images/bDE74xyY9Qwl5RShMI3BknBiPNM5GRoHj2ylmKVM.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6046_001_20220308135500_01_1646715736","onair":1646715300000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;National Parks of Japan_Daisen-Oki;en,001;6046-001-2022;","title":"National Parks of Japan","title_clean":"National Parks of Japan","sub_title":"Daisen-Oki","sub_title_clean":"Daisen-Oki","description":"Daisen-Oki National Park comprises islands and a mainland area with a coast and mountain range. Home to shrines and sacred mountains, it's been the setting of Japanese myths. Join us on a cruise with spectacular sights and a trek across the mainland, where we observe a daily morning ritual at Miho Shrine and climb the majestic Mt. Daisen.","description_clean":"Daisen-Oki National Park comprises islands and a mainland area with a coast and mountain range. Home to shrines and sacred mountains, it's been the setting of Japanese myths. Join us on a cruise with spectacular sights and a trek across the mainland, where we observe a daily morning ritual at Miho Shrine and climb the majestic Mt. Daisen.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6046001/","category":[15,23],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["tottori","shimane","okayama"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"009","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096009/images/749X6CGOgcHsuQwue1VPBvBKP8n6JHYUv7TZ7xg4.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096009/images/UwDWuW0mKoXXiNcZEDE11TpuC4XY4FG6HuRjbve3.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096009/images/zHBl1euWGzywYhVv4NglPkhALd7xrBnGbj43NtdV.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096_009_20220308074500_01_1646694274","onair":1646693100000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#9 Letting Them Know I'm Listening;en,001;2096-009-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#9 Letting Them Know I'm Listening","sub_title_clean":"#9 Letting Them Know I'm Listening","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
Aoi and Xuan continue to stroll through Nagatoro. They enter a coffee shop where Aoi consults Xuan about her romance, but there seems to be a problem in the way Xuan reacted. How should she react?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Pittari
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on Amani AMIROH from Indonesia, who works at a theme park in Tochigi Prefecture.","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"Aoi and Xuan continue to stroll through Nagatoro. They enter a coffee shop where Aoi consults Xuan about her romance, but there seems to be a problem in the way Xuan reacted. How should she react?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Pittari\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on Amani AMIROH from Indonesia, who works at a theme park in Tochigi Prefecture.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096009/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":503,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"008","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096008/images/Z8M5sp2kfxFMB9dKLHOLEq2if6n0YH4Vcl7yYy0i.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096008/images/12X9AxeewLS6DbsjFdmKC3TXIpUmKtf6hrzNu6MG.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096008/images/i7N2maM3cdB5tz2TiIjaptD0OSf8NpgVGNE2LnKb.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096_008_20220308024500_01_1646676395","onair":1646675100000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#8 Check as You Go;en,001;2096-008-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#8 Check as You Go","sub_title_clean":"#8 Check as You Go","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
On her day off, Xuan is going to meet Aoi, who will give her a tour of Nagatoro in Saitama Prefecture. Xuan is really excited to be in Nagatoro, which is the setting of an anime she loves, and snaps away at various locations. Aoi asks Xuan why she loves the anime, but it seems that she is not quite getting what Xuan wants to say. How can Xuan get herself across?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Gorogoro
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on Shovon MAJUMDER from Bangladesh, who works at an IT firm in Nagano Prefecture.","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"On her day off, Xuan is going to meet Aoi, who will give her a tour of Nagatoro in Saitama Prefecture. Xuan is really excited to be in Nagatoro, which is the setting of an anime she loves, and snaps away at various locations. Aoi asks Xuan why she loves the anime, but it seems that she is not quite getting what Xuan wants to say. How can Xuan get herself across?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Gorogoro\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on Shovon MAJUMDER from Bangladesh, who works at an IT firm in Nagano Prefecture.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096008/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":574,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"007","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096007/images/UPeLkex4wMQyCOtH6WAdYMDfvpHa0E1yeymY1nQr.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096007/images/z1Ebrupv0rhsRjru4vvepgdaxjDvnUmW8w4Lz4Rr.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096007/images/asXqhgbugsv4TMUBT8wuiDpyfkyCug2VXLnA5Cys.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096_007_20220307214500_01_1646658276","onair":1646657100000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#7 But I Wasn't Finished...;en,001;2096-007-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#7 But I Wasn't Finished...","sub_title_clean":"#7 But I Wasn't Finished...","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
Ota asks Xuan to come along and they head to Kaan's food truck. She notices, however, that she is always interrupted while she is still thinking of what to say. What shall she do?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Barabara
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on Uno Maria Emilia from Argentina, who works at a hamburger shop in Saitama Prefecture.","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"Ota asks Xuan to come along and they head to Kaan's food truck. She notices, however, that she is always interrupted while she is still thinking of what to say. What shall she do?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Barabara\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on Uno Maria Emilia from Argentina, who works at a hamburger shop in Saitama Prefecture.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096007/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":464,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"006","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096006/images/nd3UXdDx5BhGMQIBqj169fPSzZzCxFtkxKky3Cwq.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096006/images/8DQ4qTbaUjSzSQ1sSqawYpGhgDt8IyOLGkG2oS4Y.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096006/images/F2VEZNotJclEGT2htSHQsotwHoBq5QMWDMdQjOtM.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096_006_20220307154500_01_1646636795","onair":1646635500000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#6 Don't Be Shy to Ask;en,001;2096-006-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#6 Don't Be Shy to Ask","sub_title_clean":"#6 Don't Be Shy to Ask","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
When Xuan was taking out her trash before heading to work, her neighbor Sasaki gets angry with her at the trash collection area of the apartment. Although she cannot understand why he got angry, Sasaki's granddaughter Aoi comes to the rescue. But Xuan uses the wrong word when speaking to Sasaki and he gets angrier. What will Xuan do?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Batabata
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on Rasoanjanahary Tantely from Madagascar, who works at a manufacturer of food processing machinery in Hiroshima Prefecture.","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"When Xuan was taking out her trash before heading to work, her neighbor Sasaki gets angry with her at the trash collection area of the apartment. Although she cannot understand why he got angry, Sasaki's granddaughter Aoi comes to the rescue. But Xuan uses the wrong word when speaking to Sasaki and he gets angrier. What will Xuan do?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Batabata\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on Rasoanjanahary Tantely from Madagascar, who works at a manufacturer of food processing machinery in Hiroshima Prefecture.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096006/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":406,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"005","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096005/images/i8DUsg23AFlndrt3PDsdlSUxi8HsJPyuvd3o5Siy.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096005/images/nokDbMMzREGgLoHDtdJwbpaOThgnodNnfI90XaZd.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096005/images/JJoNqnbpgV8sGzK3KbXIS9pDgLyN5NKR55cn784e.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096_005_20220307104500_01_1646618709","onair":1646617500000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#5 I Want Us to Be Friends;en,001;2096-005-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#5 I Want Us to Be Friends","sub_title_clean":"#5 I Want Us to Be Friends","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
Although Xuan is getting used to work, she is yet to have a friendly conversation with Sumire. Taking Yansu's advice, she tries to find a \"common topic\" and talk to her. But she has difficulty finding a \"common topic.\" What will Xuan do?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Dokidoki
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on Takahashi Amir from Iran, who runs a bakery in Gunma Prefecture.","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"Although Xuan is getting used to work, she is yet to have a friendly conversation with Sumire. Taking Yansu's advice, she tries to find a \"common topic\" and talk to her. But she has difficulty finding a \"common topic.\" What will Xuan do?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Dokidoki\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on Takahashi Amir from Iran, who runs a bakery in Gunma Prefecture.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096005/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":194,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"004","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096004/images/YspS6os8ITfs83NmDFhryWv0REiMIbOC5pBEFOxd.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096004/images/zKnaG3WlwfFI2nlxTWr591Bu3BpGoRs3j86p9MkW.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096004/images/ldnrWAOXsVMgNOILU30I7nbchl3Z4f01JrkpgNQz.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2096_004_20220307054000_01_1646600361","onair":1646599200000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#4 Creating Your Perfect Home;en,001;2096-004-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#4 Creating Your Perfect Home","sub_title_clean":"#4 Creating Your Perfect Home","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
It is Xuan's first day off. When she is feeling sad by looking at her sparsely decorated flat, Ota and Monica arrive to help. When she learns that Monica's room is decorated in a cute way using items from the 100-yen shop, Xuan heads to the shop with Ota and Monica. But she cannot remember the name \"tsuppari-bo\" which she had wanted to buy. What will she do?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Bacchiri
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on Garcia Kristine Gordula from the Philippines, who works at a senior care facility in Aichi Prefecture.","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"It is Xuan's first day off. When she is feeling sad by looking at her sparsely decorated flat, Ota and Monica arrive to help. When she learns that Monica's room is decorated in a cute way using items from the 100-yen shop, Xuan heads to the shop with Ota and Monica. But she cannot remember the name \"tsuppari-bo\" which she had wanted to buy. What will she do?\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Bacchiri\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on Garcia Kristine Gordula from the Philippines, who works at a senior care facility in Aichi Prefecture.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096004/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":328,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"activateyourjapanese","pgm_id":"2096","pgm_no":"003","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096003/images/jr7YWoMT903UkRgsmUa29O2u1S3yo1OBXn2uQwp0.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096003/images/8kI2521axQduRHDW0h5BmGZd1eD6FhNgNgjpFQMu.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096003/images/jDds80LOccrHe7eVrhusMwmFeEmUGUsl3bfsty10.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2096_003_20220307004500_01_1646582663","onair":1646581500000,"vod_to":1803826740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Activate Your Japanese!_#3 Say Something, Anything;en,001;2096-003-2022;","title":"Activate Your Japanese!","title_clean":"Activate Your Japanese!","sub_title":"#3 Say Something, Anything","sub_title_clean":"#3 Say Something, Anything","description":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"
Although Xuan was working eagerly, she was scolded by Sumire. She also happened to come across Rei being yelled at by his superior at work. Identifying with him, Xuan wants to cheer him up but cannot express herself aptly in Japanese. What will Xuan do?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Hottosuru
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on Nguyen Xuan Diep from Vietnam, who works at a metal parts factory in Okayama Prefecture.","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\"Although Xuan was working eagerly, she was scolded by Sumire. She also happened to come across Rei being yelled at by his superior at work. Identifying with him, Xuan wants to cheer him up but cannot express herself aptly in Japanese. 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He shares his feelings about his birthplace in his songs. Ryuji's newest composition is a rap for his father. Unlike his son, Tomeo can't move on and longs to once again nurture the rice fields he inherited from his ancestors. How will Ryuji's song affect his father? And how will they build a future together?","description_clean":"Ryuji is a rapper who, like many others, including his family, was forced to flee his hometown of Namie in Fukushima Prefecture after the 2011 accident at the nuclear power plant. He shares his feelings about his birthplace in his songs. Ryuji's newest composition is a rap for his father. Unlike his son, Tomeo can't move on and longs to once again nurture the rice fields he inherited from his ancestors. How will Ryuji's song affect his father? 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","sub_title_clean":"","description":"Kodo Nishimura is a Buddhist monk, makeup artist, and LGBTQ+ activist. While at first glance these 3 facets of his identity may seem to be entirely separate, the common thread running through them is a desire to live life as the person you most want to be. Current law is not sensitive to LGBTQ+ issues in Japan, a nation where same-sex marriage is not formally recognized, and awareness of related matters is not well developed at the individual or societal level. In this challenging environment, Kodo Nishimura builds on his own experience of harnessing Buddhist teachings to overcome adversity and raise awareness of sexual discrimination. Through 6 months of close coverage, we showcase his concern for those who struggle with their identity, and his empowering message to be true to who you really are.","description_clean":"Kodo Nishimura is a Buddhist monk, makeup artist, and LGBTQ+ activist. While at first glance these 3 facets of his identity may seem to be entirely separate, the common thread running through them is a desire to live life as the person you most want to be. Current law is not sensitive to LGBTQ+ issues in Japan, a nation where same-sex marriage is not formally recognized, and awareness of related matters is not well developed at the individual or societal level. In this challenging environment, Kodo Nishimura builds on his own experience of harnessing Buddhist teachings to overcome adversity and raise awareness of sexual discrimination. Through 6 months of close coverage, we showcase his concern for those who struggle with their identity, and his empowering message to be true to who you really are.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004836/","category":[20,15],"mostwatch_ranking":425,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["partnerships_for_the_goals","reduced_inequalities","gender_equality","sdgs","nhk_top_docs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"zerowaste","pgm_id":"2093","pgm_no":"019","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093019/images/bRUPm5dkFnjVTAFDg0FdZKlBCeU1kQCe4npYrkOP.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093019/images/RegOcqj2UJsQGYKkwzJ1Z25erqElCrYB1Pko1UET.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093019/images/ZE2MRVc6lgjtKY0zg0DuOMxJmv5VNpIAMLqkqqS1.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["es","pt","vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2093_019_20220304104500_01_1646359467","onair":1646358300000,"vod_to":1741100340000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Zero Waste Life_More Than Mom's Hand-me-down;en,001;2093-019-2022;","title":"Zero Waste Life","title_clean":"Zero Waste Life","sub_title":"More Than Mom's Hand-me-down","sub_title_clean":"More Than Mom's Hand-me-down","description":"At Li Rui's sewing school, students learn how to remake adult clothes into kids wear. Most are moms raising children. They bring their own things; items that no longer fit, or they no longer wear but can't part with. Items once destined for disposal are transformed into clothes for their own children with Li's help. And while they work, she looks after the kids, so no need to worry. Kind to both the home and the environment, her school is a place full of laughter for mothers and children alike.","description_clean":"At Li Rui's sewing school, students learn how to remake adult clothes into kids wear. Most are moms raising children. They bring their own things; items that no longer fit, or they no longer wear but can't part with. Items once destined for disposal are transformed into clothes for their own children with Li's help. And while they work, she looks after the kids, so no need to worry. Kind to both the home and the environment, her school is a place full of laughter for mothers and children alike.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093019/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["responsible_consumption_and_production","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"culturecrossroads","pgm_id":"2084","pgm_no":"026","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084026/images/N8LIbn29dPDIKtkhY9tKxdm5pKqIeZO0o5KVr1Cs.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084026/images/YzR12mLjqV91PIQ9L4XPH7Xq6uIMasQu6gHwS9iq.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084026/images/plPBPYLHk6kTG9pFSpf3UMPHKoYxkLjdowKH0DuU.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","id","pt","th","vi","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2084_026_20220304103000_01_1646358194","onair":1646357400000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Culture Crossroads_BOSAI: Be Prepared - Health Care During Disasters;en,001;2084-026-2022;","title":"Culture Crossroads","title_clean":"Culture Crossroads","sub_title":"BOSAI: Be Prepared - Health Care During Disasters","sub_title_clean":"BOSAI: Be Prepared - Health Care During Disasters","description":"When a disaster strikes, a long and unusual life begins. Let's study the ways to keep your evacuee life healthier, such as preventing infection, maintaining oral hygiene and mental care issues.","description_clean":"When a disaster strikes, a long and unusual life begins. Let's study the ways to keep your evacuee life healthier, such as preventing infection, maintaining oral hygiene and mental care issues.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084026/","category":[20,29],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanrailway","pgm_id":"2049","pgm_no":"108","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049108/images/xMohZyKE6wQiYxNsf3gPVlQJ3rnYQJe2YNwM8124.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049108/images/QXwk3OM7WlDOtXPuT9mED1UA3gN9Lx2FFr1CJOdB.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049108/images/VKUJEYGOzczduvtjooftn7kypmsJAEknmshSDfwF.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2049_108_20220303233000_01_1646319906","onair":1646317800000,"vod_to":1741013940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan Railway Journal_Konan Railway: Combating the Snow;en,001;2049-108-2022;","title":"Japan Railway Journal","title_clean":"Japan Railway Journal","sub_title":"Konan Railway: Combating the Snow","sub_title_clean":"Konan Railway: Combating the Snow","description":"Konan Railway operates in one of Japan's snowiest regions, Aomori Prefecture. For the people who live there, heavy snow is unavoidable. For the railway, clearing the snow is crucial to maintaining scheduled operations. To combat the snow, the railway uses a snowplow (which also doubles as a blower) and Japan's oldest active snowplow (a favorite among railfans). See how the railway combats the long, harsh winter and the various ways they tackle the snow.","description_clean":"Konan Railway operates in one of Japan's snowiest regions, Aomori Prefecture. For the people who live there, heavy snow is unavoidable. For the railway, clearing the snow is crucial to maintaining scheduled operations. To combat the snow, the railway uses a snowplow (which also doubles as a blower) and Japan's oldest active snowplow (a favorite among railfans). See how the railway combats the long, harsh winter and the various ways they tackle the snow.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049108/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"seasonsofyamato","pgm_id":"6042","pgm_no":"021","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042021/images/rlEewwPNHGRv22QQNdOtLXIv1DCRC2Gp9KteeVpD.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042021/images/bQ8oAZQ0M2vUuYkAG8b0vkYNCwDOfZggUnSfZuOx.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042021/images/qD6aq0mA7Fd7ZgnFyJJWI12SRxmgN00DH6wX3WT7.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6042_021_20220303152300_01_1646289015","onair":1646288580000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The Seasons of Yamato_Rain Water (Usui) / The 24 Solar Terms;en,001;6042-021-2022;","title":"The Seasons of Yamato","title_clean":"The Seasons of Yamato","sub_title":"Rain Water (Usui) / The 24 Solar Terms","sub_title_clean":"Rain Water (Usui) / The 24 Solar Terms","description":"Nara Gokoku Shrine is also known as the \"Camellia Shrine.\" Ten thousand camellia trees with flowers of various colors and shapes bloom now. Many petals of red, white and light pink float on the surface of the pond, next to the shrine. These tiny, warm-colored boats hardly ever sink, even when cold raindrops hit them.

*According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 4 (2022), Usui is from February 19 to March 5.","description_clean":"Nara Gokoku Shrine is also known as the \"Camellia Shrine.\" Ten thousand camellia trees with flowers of various colors and shapes bloom now. Many petals of red, white and light pink float on the surface of the pond, next to the shrine. These tiny, warm-colored boats hardly ever sink, even when cold raindrops hit them. *According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 4 (2022), Usui is from February 19 to March 5.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042021/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"2029","pgm_no":"169","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029169/images/0qHvwsPg9bq6bY3BW8G0npdan7cCYXZ4UDEWQJmD.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029169/images/Mdpusw6t46YqfDW2TRLCHU8irHUzcu7rCYMRhjA7.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029169/images/jB2UdyRxGwssYW2ke4zpzwhHqvasgdTaxcshpFv4.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2029_169_20220303093000_01_1646269526","onair":1646267400000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Gateways: Sacred Demarcations that Repel Evil;en,001;2029-169-2022;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Gateways: Sacred Demarcations that Repel Evil","sub_title_clean":"Gateways: Sacred Demarcations that Repel Evil","description":"Gates allow passage through walls, fences and hedges, which separate individual premises from the outside. Temple, castle and residential gates take various forms depending on their design, location and purpose. In some cases, they act as borders between the sacred and the secular to repel malevolent forces. Discover the diversity of gates in the ancient capital, from the elaborate and decorative to the simple.","description_clean":"Gates allow passage through walls, fences and hedges, which separate individual premises from the outside. Temple, castle and residential gates take various forms depending on their design, location and purpose. In some cases, they act as borders between the sacred and the secular to repel malevolent forces. Discover the diversity of gates in the ancient capital, from the elaborate and decorative to the simple.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029169/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":1234,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"139","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054139/images/S4paLbhSu2DXcycCMsluMfyDSqsyjQcAG5yZzVh6.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054139/images/aE5ZPMc9iQ4A0sQsxSbntRfjz9SF9RqOfpAFkfMa.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054139/images/o7Whk6pUBIdGVOtWhkiOMgXrYc9BneWw1FWhV0mi.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2054_139_20220302233000_01_1646233635","onair":1646231400000,"vod_to":1740927540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_NORI;en,001;2054-139-2022;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"NORI","sub_title_clean":"NORI","description":"Nori seaweed is an indispensable Japanese ingredient. Its flavor is influenced by elements from the sea as well as the nutrients that flow down from mountains. Our reporter Janni tries a selection at a 150-year-old shop and is shocked by how flavors can vary. Visit a plant that makes nori using a process inspired by traditional methods. Then, feast your eyes on colorful sushi rolls and see how nori can be used in French cuisine. (Reporter: Janni Olsson)","description_clean":"Nori seaweed is an indispensable Japanese ingredient. Its flavor is influenced by elements from the sea as well as the nutrients that flow down from mountains. Our reporter Janni tries a selection at a 150-year-old shop and is shocked by how flavors can vary. Visit a plant that makes nori using a process inspired by traditional methods. Then, feast your eyes on colorful sushi rolls and see how nori can be used in French cuisine. (Reporter: Janni Olsson)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054139/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":691,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3021-021"}],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"15minutes","pgm_id":"3019","pgm_no":"163","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019163/images/9mWGXvplCEBBcEs58CjuNgr0lwepJjXyx3j98pkK.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019163/images/97PNMCzR8PKUkMpEWfATUdBGmP0OLYrMsSQiK53q.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019163/images/k1FhrmOpP2SsC22cLiKplm5fram7VS3Mp7WnrLZi.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3019_163_20220302103000_01_1646185892","onair":1646184600000,"vod_to":1740927540000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;15 Minutes_Analogue Nostalgia: Disposable Cameras;en,001;3019-163-2022;","title":"15 Minutes","title_clean":"15 Minutes","sub_title":"Analogue Nostalgia: Disposable Cameras","sub_title_clean":"Analogue Nostalgia: Disposable Cameras","description":"Harry runs an old-fashioned coffee shop that he took over from his grandfather. During a year-end cleaning, he finds a disposable camera with a few shots remaining. He shows it to Ei, a university student studying Japanese culture, and Sheila, a café regular and kimono researcher. This sparks a discussion about disposable cameras and the experiences they capture. Using a drama format, we examine its history and renewed popularity in this digital age. We also look at the instant camera, its popularity across generations, and the new value that analogue culture presents.","description_clean":"Harry runs an old-fashioned coffee shop that he took over from his grandfather. During a year-end cleaning, he finds a disposable camera with a few shots remaining. He shows it to Ei, a university student studying Japanese culture, and Sheila, a café regular and kimono researcher. This sparks a discussion about disposable cameras and the experiences they capture. Using a drama format, we examine its history and renewed popularity in this digital age. We also look at the instant camera, its popularity across generations, and the new value that analogue culture presents.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019163/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"316","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019316/images/tJApDNiyuTI68t0uZFb9NB8fwa2AtaVG2VqpHK7T.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019316/images/WI3Mo7UUldkZOB93eEKeh7l4XXTaSrggsyBVhxVc.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019316/images/YUbXwOREa8boiFDuISoLvvdQlxlTp0zL5SfCkolh.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_316_20220301103000_01_1646100393","onair":1646098200000,"vod_to":1740841140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Authentic Japanese Cooking: Ginger Beef Steak;en,001;2019-316-2022;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Authentic Japanese Cooking: Ginger Beef Steak","sub_title_clean":"Authentic Japanese Cooking: Ginger Beef Steak","description":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Ginger Beef Steak (2) Uzaku — Eel and Cucumber.

Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Ginger Beef Steak (2) Uzaku — Eel and Cucumber. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019316/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"praiseshadows","pgm_id":"5001","pgm_no":"346","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001346/images/OzP7Q3U18IHdU59bFoq0u4Lcv3ciciE1LmsQ2MFT.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001346/images/kYDtHgJ5TpCQeWFkcGlx44LlDboh2aM8iyNDaItn.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001346/images/uu1Hkooi1HW5gMZG08jvZz5xsMkwmApXiil9nNgW.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","fr"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5001_346_20220301040000_01_1646079635","onair":1646074800000,"vod_to":1961765940000,"movie_lengh":"59:00","movie_duration":3540,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;In Praise of Shadows_Tanizaki Junichiro on Japanese Aesthetics;en,001;5001-346-2022;","title":"In Praise of Shadows","title_clean":"In Praise of Shadows","sub_title":"Tanizaki Junichiro on Japanese Aesthetics","sub_title_clean":"Tanizaki Junichiro on Japanese Aesthetics","description":"\"We Easterners create beauty out of nothing by conjuring shadows.\"
Japanese literary master Tanizaki Junichiro (1886-1965) wrote these words about 90 years ago in his essay, \"In Praise of Shadows.\" Known as a masterpiece that elucidates Japanese aesthetics from the perspective of light and dark, his work continues to be read overseas as an excellent introduction to Japanese culture. This program depicts the world Tanizaki describes using advanced imaging technology. While weaving in the works and commentary of modern artists and persons of culture who have been influenced by Tanizaki, it depicts the world of subtle beauty that he loved.

Featuring
Architect Tadao Ando
Contemporary artist Shinro Ohtake
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On her first day at work, Xuan meets her trainer Sumire, who seems a little intimidating. When Xuan feels lost for not being able to catch Sumire's instructions spoken with a Kansai accent, the black-robed stagehand (Yansu) appears again and stops the time. Yansu tells Xuan that she has to do what she was asked to do. It's her job. So, she needs to know what Sumire meant. But how? What should Xuan do?
\"Onomatopoeia\" -Share Feelings- Sukkiri
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It is springtime and a woman is on a plane flying to Japan. She is Xuan, who left Vietnam to work at a hotel in Japan. After the plane lands, she looks for her supervisor waiting at the airport. That is when a foreign boy suddenly hands her a key holder. She eventually meets her supervisor Ota and Rei, the chef, and they head to the hotel. Xuan, however, cannot keep up a conversation with them. She gives up and tries to sleep. But what is she going to do next?
\"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Htet Shein Win from Myanmar, who works at a resort hotel in Okinawa Prefecture!","description_clean":"Drama \"Xuan Tackles Japan!\" It is springtime and a woman is on a plane flying to Japan. She is Xuan, who left Vietnam to work at a hotel in Japan. After the plane lands, she looks for her supervisor waiting at the airport. That is when a foreign boy suddenly hands her a key holder. She eventually meets her supervisor Ota and Rei, the chef, and they head to the hotel. Xuan, however, cannot keep up a conversation with them. She gives up and tries to sleep. But what is she going to do next? \"Welcome to My Japan!\" focuses on the life of Htet Shein Win from Myanmar, who works at a resort hotel in Okinawa Prefecture!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2096001/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":121,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["transcript"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"100ideas","pgm_id":"3020","pgm_no":"011","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020011/images/GGhC6zsIsyz7eb9A5pluTcovjDGx1VyY3kun7x5p.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020011/images/RB0uSNUDEZaDM6qqxjgxDmBdjhO7s5j4hGpS2kn2.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020011/images/3WHKP8ZhYSbocKQqAk2RPUnvrJSsWuS9xmHnpQzi.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3020_011_20220227114000_01_1645930859","onair":1645929600000,"vod_to":1709045940000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;100 Ideas to Save the World_We Can Do It!;en,001;3020-011-2022;","title":"100 Ideas to Save the World","title_clean":"100 Ideas to Save the World","sub_title":"We Can Do It!","sub_title_clean":"We Can Do It!","description":"In this 11th episode, 4 ideas about overcoming adversity through cooperation. Twin brothers who have an older sibling with a disability promote art by people with disabilities and change people's preconceptions. A unique piece of technology that improves the care and quality of life of the elderly. A woman who reads books to nomadic children in Mongolia who have limited access to books. And in Japan, ongoing grassroots support Myanmar, which has experienced turmoil since the coup d'état.","description_clean":"In this 11th episode, 4 ideas about overcoming adversity through cooperation. Twin brothers who have an older sibling with a disability promote art by people with disabilities and change people's preconceptions. A unique piece of technology that improves the care and quality of life of the elderly. A woman who reads books to nomadic children in Mongolia who have limited access to books. And in Japan, ongoing grassroots support Myanmar, which has experienced turmoil since the coup d'état.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020011/","category":[12,15],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"barakandiscoversjomon","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"835","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004835/images/7v9tsSyEvfMbKguTjtxnqGDNo10akMUUq33alDL7.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004835/images/nzwy4AV9skn9m4aJYMxc1Vrg4vZLOrpV88XM2YL2.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004835/images/MESg8nMXgcgCI2YjkN8qofPZmyUWNNH5iFwCA767.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_835_20220226091000_01_1645838023","onair":1645834200000,"vod_to":1740581940000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Barakan Discovers JOMON: A Sustainable Civilization;en,001;3004-835-2022;","title":"Barakan Discovers JOMON: A Sustainable Civilization","title_clean":"Barakan Discovers JOMON: A Sustainable Civilization","sub_title":"

","sub_title_clean":"","description":"Japan's Jomon period was a time of peace that persisted for over 10,000 years. As the world moves towards implementing the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, the sustainable practices of Jomon society are receiving renewed attention. In this program, broadcaster Peter Barakan investigates Jomon history in search of guidance for us in the 21st century. We see buildings and artifacts at one of the largest Jomon ruins in the country, and meet craftspeople inspired by Jomon culture.","description_clean":"Japan's Jomon period was a time of peace that persisted for over 10,000 years. As the world moves towards implementing the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, the sustainable practices of Jomon society are receiving renewed attention. In this program, broadcaster Peter Barakan investigates Jomon history in search of guidance for us in the 21st century. 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It's also home to the second-largest number of the world's top 100 chocolatiers after France. The use of ingredients like yuzu citrus and sansho pepper also spreads as the world turns its attention to Japan. This episode provides the latest on the country's chocolate industry, from the use of domestically-produced cacao, the development of a way to preserve flavor even after melting and hardening, to the evolution of affordable snacks. (Reporter: Kailene Falls)","description_clean":"Japan is third behind Germany and the UK in terms of chocolate consumption. It's also home to the second-largest number of the world's top 100 chocolatiers after France. The use of ingredients like yuzu citrus and sansho pepper also spreads as the world turns its attention to Japan. This episode provides the latest on the country's chocolate industry, from the use of domestically-produced cacao, the development of a way to preserve flavor even after melting and hardening, to the evolution of affordable snacks. 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Using a drama format, we examine the appeal and history of these items from the perspective of 3 generations: a person who experienced its original popularity, a 30-something who vaguely remembers them, and a 20-something to whom they are a new discovery.

The story takes place in a quaint coffee shop tucked away on a small side street. Its owner, Harry, has taken over the business from his grandfather. One day, Harry comes across a cassette tape in the back room. He shows it to Ei, a university student studying Japanese culture, and Greg, a café regular. Each from a different generation, they discuss their memories and thoughts on cassette tapes. What new values will they uncover in nostalgic analogue items?","description_clean":"Analogue items once considered obsolete are being embraced by young people as new finds and making a comeback. Using a drama format, we examine the appeal and history of these items from the perspective of 3 generations: a person who experienced its original popularity, a 30-something who vaguely remembers them, and a 20-something to whom they are a new discovery. The story takes place in a quaint coffee shop tucked away on a small side street. Its owner, Harry, has taken over the business from his grandfather. One day, Harry comes across a cassette tape in the back room. He shows it to Ei, a university student studying Japanese culture, and Greg, a café regular. Each from a different generation, they discuss their memories and thoughts on cassette tapes. What new values will they uncover in nostalgic analogue items?","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019160/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1324,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2032-267"}],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"866","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058866/images/NvhV8XWDrqE9MUnCdP8HwPhc9NEJfXiDtEmDKp3o.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058866/images/onOTTa24wh7HA1TzN9OWMadUT1NcZcYPN1Fp3ELA.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058866/images/cBJLLZEpEWJqq7MXKwqZl5GuQw55X8FemET914Fu.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2058_866_20220209101500_01_1644370591","onair":1644369300000,"vod_to":1739113140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_Personalized Dolls for an Inclusive World: Amy Jandrisevits / Founder of A Doll Like Me;en,001;2058-866-2022;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"Personalized Dolls for an Inclusive World:
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"This time, we focus on Tokyo. We introduce a chef who is revisiting the city's traditional cuisine, and meet food producers working to bring local foods of the past into the present and future. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019313/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["tokyo"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"046","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078046/images/uhNNCj49Oj6a3vFDJa8vJYCaMNDr3DL78uCyYVbl.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078046/images/o7qsomi8L3jwsDz3SNXfLu6bAdtMaLfuEUWY5YYn.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078046/images/FfWv8ZgXIF5zE3B5W6IS8xmLralZmV7LbtiFYKe3.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","vi"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2078_046_20220207104500_01_1644199535","onair":1644198300000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#46 Recommending additional repairs;en,001;2078-046-2022;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#46 Recommending additional repairs","sub_title_clean":"#46 Recommending additional repairs","description":"Today: recommending additional repairs. 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*According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 4 (2022), Daikan is from January 20 to February 4.","description_clean":"During the Greater Cold, Tobihino whitens its mornings. The ground covered with frost seems like a vast carpet of ice. Although the plum trees have started to blossom in the precincts of the Kasugataisha Shrine, icicles form woods at the Chozudokoro (water pavilion for hand washing). The dripping water raises the ice columns, dissolves them, and reraises them. It is the coldest season of the year. 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A university in Japan where students are taking the initiative to become the first in the country to achieve 100% renewable energy, an idea to stop the disposal of the ubiquitous plastic umbrella in Japan and a story of a volunteer who is breathing new life into old toys.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020010/","category":[12,15],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"861","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058861/images/ELdcJVVSfGE3xV9MNRa7wBtLDOBHgmrPAsYotsl3.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058861/images/fkjh4d7ACEm3Y4xGbKfRyEkGjo9MCAPVh7tSPE3i.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058861/images/0MUxCRZgZAev0AhdDowTtEVtysJjoF1DOG5rifGI.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2058_861_20220128101500_01_1643333650","onair":1643332500000,"vod_to":1738076340000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_Glaciers Are Our Lifeline: Jemma Wadham / Professor of Glaciology, Universities of Tromsø and Bristol;en,001;2058-861-2022;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"Glaciers Are Our Lifeline: Jemma Wadham / Professor of Glaciology, Universities of Tromsø and Bristol","sub_title_clean":"Glaciers Are Our Lifeline: Jemma Wadham / Professor of Glaciology, Universities of Tromsø and Bristol","description":"Professor Jemma Wadham is a leading glaciologist who has spent the last twenty years examining glaciers in places as diverse as the Himalayas, the Andes and the Alps.","description_clean":"Professor Jemma Wadham is a leading glaciologist who has spent the last twenty years examining glaciers in places as diverse as the Himalayas, the Andes and the Alps.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058861/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["vision_vibes","climate_action","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"859","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058859/images/4W0YF5MjYJ4WCjFsZuoXatC1rRNO8WXENvwZqHMJ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058859/images/FA0P9LhyaIYaCaoDq1jGCSsPfFAaWzcdB7EETRf7.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058859/images/SjncOoYtiBN0BSkVtViBZ14aMdTFsNhSx9yLbFZ4.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2058_859_20220127101500_01_1643247271","onair":1643246100000,"vod_to":1737989940000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_Regreening Sinai Peninsula: Ties van der Hoeven / Co-Founder of The Weather Makers;en,001;2058-859-2022;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"Regreening Sinai Peninsula:
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He specializes in the evolution of dinosaurs, and he has named 15 new species.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058858/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["vision_vibes"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"312","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019312/images/gy83ImUlkJBFccdCCx7lZuHqp2MPhyAnbnVWX8cC.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019312/images/lj88gjBRqkPIIEOAxcc3wEmEtziHjeQEwnxopxWF.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019312/images/odVnpetLscAczYuoD7QltFUEQh5PdE7og2dIIjOV.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_312_20220125103000_01_1643076323","onair":1643074200000,"vod_to":1737817140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Authentic Japanese Cooking: Buttered Mackerel with Ponzu;en,001;2019-312-2022;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Authentic Japanese Cooking:
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Buttered Mackerel with Ponzu (2) Deep-fried Marinated Eggplant. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019312/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hometown","pgm_id":"5003","pgm_no":"187","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003187/images/QxmgN5UAiEwSazrbeOF1fZzMErToCX6ajh9LsuKM.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003187/images/gcJX7ZQA6YO487ZkUcweomuRLdE97H4VipVtobCU.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003187/images/YF1Tolzs8BUfFATtSxpGnVsuybCkp64bvVRFx6Y2.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["zh","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5003_187_20220123101000_01_1642990381","onair":1642900200000,"vod_to":1706021940000,"movie_lengh":"23:45","movie_duration":1425,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Hometown Stories_Conversations Without Words;en,001;5003-187-2022;","title":"Hometown Stories","title_clean":"Hometown Stories","sub_title":"Conversations Without Words","sub_title_clean":"Conversations Without Words","description":"Sorachi is an energetic three-year-old boy who lives in Hokkaido Prefecture with his father and mother. 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Join us as we take a look back at post-pandemic measures implemented by railway companies, fun tourist trains, as well as new trains, and say goodbye to some beloved old trains.","description_clean":"See railway-related news from across Japan, covered by NHK from July to December 2021. Join us as we take a look back at post-pandemic measures implemented by railway companies, fun tourist trains, as well as new trains, and say goodbye to some beloved old trains.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049106/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["train"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologyplus","pgm_id":"2032","pgm_no":"252","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032252/images/ZInIX4OrMxmpw1stPrjWRIaybkzu4Nyhlet3fUFW.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032252/images/BQjxyBwsNvOs9AO79LAOWrOpRYKJJAF47OarIlh9.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032252/images/VXlIePStli6GAraHdv6FCkwvaTa9tEhRF9QkZzfZ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt","vi"],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2032_252_20220120113000_01_1642647921","onair":1642645800000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus_VTubers;en,001;2032-252-2022;","title":"Japanology Plus","title_clean":"Japanology Plus","sub_title":"VTubers","sub_title_clean":"VTubers","description":"*First broadcast on January 20, 2022.
VTubers create online content using a computer-generated avatar. Motion capture technology enables them to record their gestures and expressions, and then apply those movements to the animated avatar. The concept emerged in the mid 2010s, and then experienced a rapid increase in popularity. Our guest, Professor Inami Masahiko, explains the appeal of interacting online using an avatar, and talks about the technology's potential. We also see how VTubing is being used to promote regional revitalization.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on January 20, 2022.VTubers create online content using a computer-generated avatar. Motion capture technology enables them to record their gestures and expressions, and then apply those movements to the animated avatar. The concept emerged in the mid 2010s, and then experienced a rapid increase in popularity. Our guest, Professor Inami Masahiko, explains the appeal of interacting online using an avatar, and talks about the technology's potential. 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This episode looks at words related to houses. Traditional Japanese homes give us a glimpse of the Japanese love for the changing seasons and how the Japanese developed a temperament that values cooperation. From his home in Kyoto, poet and literary translator Peter MacMillan guides us through these words and the culture behind them.","description_clean":"The Japanese language is rich in words and expressions influenced by nature, history and culture. This episode looks at words related to houses. Traditional Japanese homes give us a glimpse of the Japanese love for the changing seasons and how the Japanese developed a temperament that values cooperation. From his home in Kyoto, poet and literary translator Peter MacMillan guides us through these words and the culture behind them.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092007/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"15minutes","pgm_id":"3019","pgm_no":"150","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019150/images/xoTL8CVcdbC04vVk2xxmLyRzta27idUBoBMNNlKD.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019150/images/mateR2zsB6vyMNixyXtKC8t6qs9YldwAuC0ztKFU.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019150/images/FVwHXtUFguafHHYB7Exy1QKDKntD5tmuOvSJNuqE.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3019_150_20220119103000_01_1642556963","onair":1642555800000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;15 Minutes_A Treasured Creation: Resonance for Charcoal;en,001;3019-150-2022;","title":"15 Minutes","title_clean":"15 Minutes","sub_title":"A Treasured Creation: Resonance for Charcoal","sub_title_clean":"A Treasured Creation: Resonance for Charcoal","description":"Hara Masaaki makes white charcoal called Kishu Binchotan in the deep forests of Wakayama Prefecture. 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Through the haze of smoke, we look at the memories of those families who've passed down their craft in the mountains.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019150/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hometown","pgm_id":"5003","pgm_no":"186","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003186/images/fjl9AZstTj2jB3McqFQgALjfQjOILC3mW93PCzj0.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003186/images/0Wc7vpimNbZIYoIL4PMl68VZiq8n4499lVBxlabN.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003186/images/sY133oQxhsyX1baTF4ypT13HrO6ziazF4ASfHODm.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5003_186_20220116161000_01_1642388062","onair":1642317000000,"vod_to":1705417140000,"movie_lengh":"29:15","movie_duration":1755,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Hometown Stories_Life Lessons From the Homeless;en,001;5003-186-2022;","title":"Hometown Stories","title_clean":"Hometown Stories","sub_title":"Life Lessons From the Homeless","sub_title_clean":"Life Lessons From the Homeless","description":"Hoboku, a non-profit organization in southwestern Japan, has provided support for homeless people and others in need for over 30 years. 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We look at the deep bonds that have developed between the homeless and these young people.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003186/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":599,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"zerowaste","pgm_id":"2093","pgm_no":"016","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093016/images/5qAcjpu2sdscD4twSjZf72RMFbjY3datYlVrRcq6.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093016/images/bNR8ExuGAs6xOEOEgDrU4MHyFKIdUuwR9HhBqGmj.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093016/images/ZdYcdSVQim0FSP1G3wRCW6MktNtFukCiiwgHIjDt.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["es","pt","vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2093_016_20220114104500_01_1642125882","onair":1642124700000,"vod_to":1736866740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Zero Waste Life_Portrait in Cork;en,001;2093-016-2022;","title":"Zero Waste Life","title_clean":"Zero Waste Life","sub_title":"Portrait in Cork","sub_title_clean":"Portrait in Cork","description":"Kubo Tomonori is a sommelier. He's also an artist who makes portraits from used wine corks. He's done famous faces like Leonardo da Vinci, Salvador Dali and Audrey Hepburn. He insists on using only shades created by actual wine, saying that the natural color is more beautiful. Cork is a valuable natural resource, but most gets thrown away after its role as a bottle stopper is complete. Kubo's work has been a hit with wine lovers, and he gets used corks sent in from all over Japan.","description_clean":"Kubo Tomonori is a sommelier. He's also an artist who makes portraits from used wine corks. He's done famous faces like Leonardo da Vinci, Salvador Dali and Audrey Hepburn. He insists on using only shades created by actual wine, saying that the natural color is more beautiful. Cork is a valuable natural resource, but most gets thrown away after its role as a bottle stopper is complete. Kubo's work has been a hit with wine lovers, and he gets used corks sent in from all over Japan.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093016/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":188,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["responsible_consumption_and_production","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologyplus","pgm_id":"2032","pgm_no":"231","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032231/images/E6q82Q6LQA2I2i3iwYmne3Je5TX5Sf8gN2mbcbwB.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032231/images/MuolLqDYAQatZ6q6VwOde5BpYZNGwxXUO6eAmKRB.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032231/images/xXRavuzowgt60uGovNl1kra4NXeIARrwCtsm1ZZQ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2032_231_20220113113000_01_1642043131","onair":1642041000000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus_Kotatsu: Heated Tables;en,001;2032-231-2022;","title":"Japanology Plus","title_clean":"Japanology Plus","sub_title":"Kotatsu: Heated Tables","sub_title_clean":"Kotatsu: Heated Tables","description":"*First broadcast on January 13, 2022.
Kotatsu are low tables with a heat source underneath, and a blanket draped over the top. For hundreds of years, Japanese have gathered around them in the cold winter months. They're cozy and comfortable; perfect for watching TV, studying and chatting to family and friends. Our guest, architect and university professor Watanabe Shinichi, talks about the social and environmental benefits of Kotatsu. And in Plus One, Kanoa tries out Kotatsu in some unusual locations.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on January 13, 2022.Kotatsu are low tables with a heat source underneath, and a blanket draped over the top. For hundreds of years, Japanese have gathered around them in the cold winter months. They're cozy and comfortable; perfect for watching TV, studying and chatting to family and friends. Our guest, architect and university professor Watanabe Shinichi, talks about the social and environmental benefits of Kotatsu. And in Plus One, Kanoa tries out Kotatsu in some unusual locations.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032231/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":741,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"135","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054135/images/ZaHYueFLZD6OAtYnU1PN62xUDM7DrdUGJ2RaoacF.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054135/images/VsoGyEPs0HNp4IoInxt9CHMbLGyXoq0ZVelwqaxw.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054135/images/9uaQUbLxeOaM3tko5VDc41uLMfpB9AvwRJkcv3xq.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2054_135_20220112233000_01_1641999928","onair":1641997800000,"vod_to":1736693940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_MOCHI;en,001;2054-135-2022;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"MOCHI","sub_title_clean":"MOCHI","description":"Today we focus on mochi rice cake, an indispensable part of Japanese New Year's celebrations. It's offered to the gods and eaten in traditional zoni soup as families pray for a healthy and safe new year. The ingredients found in zoni can differ greatly depending on the region and family. Learn about mochi's rich history and culture, and how families of years past used to prepare it. Also, feast your eyes on some of the hundreds of mochi recipes from Iwate Prefecture. (Reporter: Alexander W. Hunter)","description_clean":"Today we focus on mochi rice cake, an indispensable part of Japanese New Year's celebrations. It's offered to the gods and eaten in traditional zoni soup as families pray for a healthy and safe new year. The ingredients found in zoni can differ greatly depending on the region and family. Learn about mochi's rich history and culture, and how families of years past used to prepare it. Also, feast your eyes on some of the hundreds of mochi recipes from Iwate Prefecture. (Reporter: Alexander W. Hunter)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054135/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":768,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"311","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019311/images/UdA2vOdaLWzrH7NalWITBTPD7oUN5uGVUeOzhnEa.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019311/images/que0GOPCYYv2aMeYla5waYocDc7lZkJlYi0KvqTt.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019311/images/FQdTGvQNqSKrxE03Dx6Ml0V4aEhmhih5OlpfQqNy.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_311_20220111103000_01_1641866711","onair":1641864600000,"vod_to":1736607540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Cook Around Japan \"Saitama\": From the Farm to the Table -- Simple, Yet Full of Flavor;en,001;2019-311-2022;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Cook Around Japan \"Saitama\":
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"In this episode, we focus on Saitama Prefecture. We explore the appeal of food in Saitama by meeting people dedicated to producing and cooking with its simple but delicious local ingredients. Featured recipes: (1) Tonjiru (2) Mottainai Sauté (Stir-fried vegetable leaves with bacon) Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019311/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["saitama"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"045","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078045/images/vMgAU0RxNeKp7iFR6EGY7pAf3a922mCtP9arWsYU.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078045/images/lNC8l5GKzRLCr6TAqadVEcfwVLJGPCqKVvUCfB1A.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078045/images/n0Qr74nE22quZXhX8V01kbc6mZxoKjF6iXsRm5YT.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","vi"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2078_045_20220110104500_01_1641780312","onair":1641779100000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#45 Asking someone to repeat and clarify;en,001;2078-045-2022;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#45 Asking someone to repeat and clarify","sub_title_clean":"#45 Asking someone to repeat and clarify","description":"Today: asking someone to repeat and clarify. Do Cong Uan, from Vietnam, works at a metalworking company. He came to Japan 8 years ago with his wife. At his job, he helps to shape metal parts and he also mentors junior coworkers. Though he has no trouble with everyday Japanese, he says he struggles when he encounters unfamiliar words. In a roleplay challenge, he must politely ask a superior to repeat and clarify what they said.","description_clean":"Today: asking someone to repeat and clarify. Do Cong Uan, from Vietnam, works at a metalworking company. He came to Japan 8 years ago with his wife. At his job, he helps to shape metal parts and he also mentors junior coworkers. Though he has no trouble with everyday Japanese, he says he struggles when he encounters unfamiliar words. In a roleplay challenge, he must politely ask a superior to repeat and clarify what they said.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078045/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"seasonsofyamato","pgm_id":"6042","pgm_no":"018","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042018/images/9ffSz6MGjxBXcharXtgaVq15ra19p4ZKiCgxIGsW.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042018/images/6dn5CYLmMF9Yq8ZF2d827gU5Tegigz3wyaTIwOUf.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042018/images/vCNqVNQ1gBqWjjlzeMhDa4ehvEmMKZKsgoYzJXVG.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6042_018_20220110181000_01_1641875885","onair":1641777000000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The Seasons of Yamato_Lesser Cold (Shoukan) / The 24 Solar Terms;en,001;6042-018-2022;","title":"The Seasons of Yamato","title_clean":"The Seasons of Yamato","sub_title":"Lesser Cold (Shoukan) / The 24 Solar Terms","sub_title_clean":"Lesser Cold (Shoukan) / The 24 Solar Terms","description":"Hannyaji Temple is known as \"Kosumosudera (cosmos flower temple).\" During wintertime, the main flowers are daffodils. They bloom as if they are competing around the stone statues of Buddhists, which were dedicated in appreciation for curing diseases. Are those flowers praising the virtues of the Buddha or showing off their beauty? The 13-story stone pagoda, which has stood there since the Kamakura period, is towering against the crisp blue winter sky.

*According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 4 (2022), Shoukan is from January 5 to 20.","description_clean":"Hannyaji Temple is known as \"Kosumosudera (cosmos flower temple).\" During wintertime, the main flowers are daffodils. They bloom as if they are competing around the stone statues of Buddhists, which were dedicated in appreciation for curing diseases. Are those flowers praising the virtues of the Buddha or showing off their beauty? The 13-story stone pagoda, which has stood there since the Kamakura period, is towering against the crisp blue winter sky. *According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 4 (2022), Shoukan is from January 5 to 20.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042018/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hometown","pgm_id":"5003","pgm_no":"185","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003185/images/TACaK8XA8eAtDanOUxLQpN8mwUdcoewAMeisVOnw.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003185/images/ZwC4uYpX5mG6Fh232WnfHAbEh8YmUEZlwcm4ZVLz.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003185/images/whipONg1dJmx2pgqiXeVPuXLzODM810Td8g0rEk2.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["zh","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_5003_185_20220109101000_01_1641786094","onair":1641690600000,"vod_to":1704812340000,"movie_lengh":"27:00","movie_duration":1620,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Hometown Stories_A Toast to the God of Sake;en,001;5003-185-2022;","title":"Hometown Stories","title_clean":"Hometown Stories","sub_title":"A Toast to the God of Sake","sub_title_clean":"A Toast to the God of Sake","description":"Sake from Fukushima Prefecture has swept up gold medals in a nationwide contest for new brews. A researcher who's played a key role in improving the local sake is Suzuki Kenji, known as the \"god of sake.\" He's introduced scientific data to local master brewers, who once relied on experience and intuition. Now, he's developing a new style in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We follow Suzuki as he makes the rounds of local breweries during the frigid Fukushima winter.","description_clean":"Sake from Fukushima Prefecture has swept up gold medals in a nationwide contest for new brews. A researcher who's played a key role in improving the local sake is Suzuki Kenji, known as the \"god of sake.\" He's introduced scientific data to local master brewers, who once relied on experience and intuition. Now, he's developing a new style in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We follow Suzuki as he makes the rounds of local breweries during the frigid Fukushima winter.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003185/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["sake","fukushima"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"diggingdeep","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"808","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004808/images/CR6PY6eY1RTzXJDqOT9XtE9ZlBT7KkZMgdQDHL1J.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004808/images/sluHDtMJJmkpcti2EuFO7CkEcSqmpc54UTdzQnmn.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004808/images/l12EwCO7NTTDxbAM8er4gHsb4A6nbdQQZSbLbOq6.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["es","fr","pt","th","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_808_20220108151000_01_1641784071","onair":1641600600000,"vod_to":1704725940000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Digging Deep: What Makes Shiba Inu Dogs So Special?;en,001;3004-808-2022;","title":"Digging Deep: What Makes Shiba Inu Dogs So Special?","title_clean":"Digging Deep: What Makes Shiba Inu Dogs So Special?","sub_title":"

","sub_title_clean":"","description":"Japanese dog breeds are now attracting the attention of pet lovers around the world. Among the 6 breeds of Japanese dogs designated as national natural treasures, the Shiba Inu is particularly popular. What captures the hearts of people is the absolute loyalty to its master. On the other hand, Shibas are not very affectionate, and they prefer to maintain a certain social distance. There is even a word for it: \"Shiba distance.\" These seemingly contradictory temperament is what fascinates us. In addition to their \"cute\" charm, the program will dig deep into their unique traits by looking at the latest scientific findings and the heartwarming stories of Shibas and their owners.","description_clean":"Japanese dog breeds are now attracting the attention of pet lovers around the world. Among the 6 breeds of Japanese dogs designated as national natural treasures, the Shiba Inu is particularly popular. What captures the hearts of people is the absolute loyalty to its master. On the other hand, Shibas are not very affectionate, and they prefer to maintain a certain social distance. There is even a word for it: \"Shiba distance.\" These seemingly contradictory temperament is what fascinates us. In addition to their \"cute\" charm, the program will dig deep into their unique traits by looking at the latest scientific findings and the heartwarming stories of Shibas and their owners.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004808/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":150,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-143"}],"tags":["transcript","animals"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"fourmovementsonata","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"773","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004773/images/BLXDwt0IKJuos2afWxnaUwSPozsoN7fYe7Y8WcQg.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004773/images/RQaD0BCElOpBiNqUL8D0hwBuF6rz3bEaxse38WeB.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004773/images/RKkpjAzvOvbYgBisDoJK1rjAxy3UnRlm9cU2gcKH.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_773_20211024091000_01_1635036432","onair":1635034200000,"vod_to":1704639540000,"movie_lengh":"30:00","movie_duration":1800,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;A Four Movement Sonata: Tsugaru Shamisen;en,001;3004-773-2021;","title":"A Four Movement Sonata: Tsugaru Shamisen","title_clean":"A Four Movement Sonata: Tsugaru Shamisen","sub_title":"

","sub_title_clean":"","description":"The Tsugaru Shamisen is a stringed instrument named after the region where it was developed in Aomori Prefecture. As one of the snowiest places in the world, harsh Tsugaru winters are said to have given rise to a unique sound that is both energetic and sorrowful. Through 2 leading young performers of its repertoire today, explore the history of the region against the delicate and dynamic scenery of Tsugaru, and a captivating soundtrack. An invitation to the fascinating world of Tsugaru Shamisen.","description_clean":"The Tsugaru Shamisen is a stringed instrument named after the region where it was developed in Aomori Prefecture. As one of the snowiest places in the world, harsh Tsugaru winters are said to have given rise to a unique sound that is both energetic and sorrowful. Through 2 leading young performers of its repertoire today, explore the history of the region against the delicate and dynamic scenery of Tsugaru, and a captivating soundtrack. An invitation to the fascinating world of Tsugaru Shamisen.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004773/","category":[20,15],"mostwatch_ranking":205,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["aomori"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"zerowaste","pgm_id":"2093","pgm_no":"015","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093015/images/UjT3Icwx5MVN7NUe3wcqFh6FF9Z2uHsJhV8PUtpo.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093015/images/GxjObfaTkf9ULiMNmPlv6DCfZc24ohelETk5ApJ2.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093015/images/TCOX6xzneEPR2KwZiKf7edOIX07drniTNDd78xyT.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["pt","vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2093_015_20220107104500_01_1641521071","onair":1641519900000,"vod_to":1736261940000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Zero Waste Life_Old Clothes, New Shine;en,001;2093-015-2022;","title":"Zero Waste Life","title_clean":"Zero Waste Life","sub_title":"Old Clothes, New Shine","sub_title_clean":"Old Clothes, New Shine","description":"In a Tokyo studio Fujisawa Yuki processes old clothing, giving it new life using dye or lace. She also uses the technique of hot stamping to apply gold or silver leaf, reinforcing damaged areas and making them shine. She says she loves the \"memory\" of old clothing, evoking a time, a place or a person. She enjoys speculating about who made it and the personality of its former owner. This comes through in her work, carrying those memories forward into the future.","description_clean":"In a Tokyo studio Fujisawa Yuki processes old clothing, giving it new life using dye or lace. She also uses the technique of hot stamping to apply gold or silver leaf, reinforcing damaged areas and making them shine. She says she loves the \"memory\" of old clothing, evoking a time, a place or a person. She enjoys speculating about who made it and the personality of its former owner. This comes through in her work, carrying those memories forward into the future.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093015/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":1103,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["responsible_consumption_and_production","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"852","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058852/images/ClZ7B77zDXXiY7kZNOKhDrBeM0uSN3TuAuxj6pho.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058852/images/cGLW20CmYgix5w6o8shXDL0Ga7h7HDgpRb43x2R1.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058852/images/43GVapQOkp1t1bNB9QrIMuJEb3DtsJXd9kNwE5FG.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2058_852_20220107101500_01_1641519279","onair":1641518100000,"vod_to":1736261940000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_Acting With a Mission - A Better Future for All: Bella Galhos / Human Rights Activist;en,001;2058-852-2022;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"Acting With a Mission - A Better Future for All:
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As people everywhere reassess their values in the ongoing pandemic, new and playful designs have emerged that draw on the beauty of textiles. Textile designer Himuro Yuri explores designs that are shaping new relationships with fabrics.","description_clean":"Textiles are a ubiquitous material that bring warmth, comfort and color to our everyday lives. As people everywhere reassess their values in the ongoing pandemic, new and playful designs have emerged that draw on the beauty of textiles. Textile designer Himuro Yuri explores designs that are shaping new relationships with fabrics.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046162/","category":[19],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["life_on_land","life_below_water","responsible_consumption_and_production","industry_innovation_and_infrastructure","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"2029","pgm_no":"164","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029164/images/eGkbhbOzDAuGXWqHaO29ztxYeuJt6KicFGkEQq7q.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029164/images/NfurXNoljI46SgKGHG4z40mGOhoxT0lQD4SHmIN0.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029164/images/i9823lfDfMT4TiEFzPSd23VHVCcbRkAR6ndoX1O1.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2029_164_20220106093000_01_1641431110","onair":1641429000000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Woven Gold and Silver: A World of Shimmering Patterns;en,001;2029-164-2022;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Woven Gold and Silver: A World of Shimmering Patterns","sub_title_clean":"Woven Gold and Silver: A World of Shimmering Patterns","description":"Gold and silver threads, made by lacquering gold and silver leaf onto washi, are indispensable in Nishijin brocade. The opulent appearance led to generous use in court and religious attire, and in festival floats and palanquins. In the 1960s, mass production of lamé enabled the industry to diversify into women's fashion. But now it is in crisis with a lack of craftsmen, and market shrinkage due to the pandemic. Discover how artisans struggle to conceive fresh ideas and create new opportunities.","description_clean":"Gold and silver threads, made by lacquering gold and silver leaf onto washi, are indispensable in Nishijin brocade. The opulent appearance led to generous use in court and religious attire, and in festival floats and palanquins. In the 1960s, mass production of lamé enabled the industry to diversify into women's fashion. But now it is in crisis with a lack of craftsmen, and market shrinkage due to the pandemic. 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How have these companies, which have survived challenges such as wars, natural disasters and economic crises, continued to operate for so long? This episode features a construction company founded in 578. What difficulties has this company overcome during its long history? What has it worked to preserve for over 1,400 years? Learn the secrets of its longevity.","description_clean":"There are more than 1,300 companies in Japan that have been in business for over 200 years. How have these companies, which have survived challenges such as wars, natural disasters and economic crises, continued to operate for so long? This episode features a construction company founded in 578. What difficulties has this company overcome during its long history? What has it worked to preserve for over 1,400 years? 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Unfortunately, damage caused by a typhoon in 2019 and the subsequent pandemic caused sales revenue to drop significantly. Now, the railway is working on ways to get back on track, including the operation of the Satoyama Trolley Train (a sightseeing train that runs through scenic valleys), old diesel trains manufactured more than 40 years ago, and a collaboration with a local art festival to attract tourists. See the strategies the company has implemented using wisdom and ingenuity to attract visitors.","description_clean":"Kominato Railway is a 39.1km rural railway that operates in Chiba, the prefecture next to Tokyo. Unfortunately, damage caused by a typhoon in 2019 and the subsequent pandemic caused sales revenue to drop significantly. Now, the railway is working on ways to get back on track, including the operation of the Satoyama Trolley Train (a sightseeing train that runs through scenic valleys), old diesel trains manufactured more than 40 years ago, and a collaboration with a local art festival to attract tourists. 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The Ainu are an indigenous people who live in Hokkaido Prefecture (northern Japan) and surrounding areas. Traditionally, they were hunter-gatherers who shared a close relationship with the natural world. In the second of two episodes about the Ainu, we look at young Ainu in modern Japan who are conserving and promoting their ancestral culture. Our guest is Sasaki Shiro, Executive Director of the National Ainu Museum. He introduces a special exhibition centered around a popular manga series.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on December 30, 2021.The Ainu are an indigenous people who live in Hokkaido Prefecture (northern Japan) and surrounding areas. Traditionally, they were hunter-gatherers who shared a close relationship with the natural world. In the second of two episodes about the Ainu, we look at young Ainu in modern Japan who are conserving and promoting their ancestral culture. Our guest is Sasaki Shiro, Executive Director of the National Ainu Museum. 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It offers far more than fashionable beauty; its history has deep roots in Japanese aesthetics and playfulness. New approaches to this item have thrown a spotlight on 21st-century values. Artist Takahashi Hiroko explores the potential of kimono design through the lenses of gender, diversity and sustainability.","description_clean":"The kimono is famous around the world as Japan's most famous item of traditional clothing. It offers far more than fashionable beauty; its history has deep roots in Japanese aesthetics and playfulness. New approaches to this item have thrown a spotlight on 21st-century values. Artist Takahashi Hiroko explores the potential of kimono design through the lenses of gender, diversity and sustainability.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046161/","category":[19],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["responsible_consumption_and_production","industry_innovation_and_infrastructure","gender_equality","sdgs","kimono"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"2029","pgm_no":"163","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029163/images/QE4vgcfDSxuxdAemFvT5AWmUH0iJTtDt3OgxVFbZ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029163/images/IUk6rLylLQnbaRlkDgRR5sFYxUqPJW5ev5TJMGwO.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029163/images/6M1IR1f17n3nPqHxYlwmnUdK2AU0PHFcMRzhDYsW.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2029_163_20211230093000_01_1640826287","onair":1640824200000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Dramatic Masks: Embodiments of Prayers to the Spirit World;en,001;2029-163-2021;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Dramatic Masks: Embodiments of Prayers to the Spirit World","sub_title_clean":"Dramatic Masks: Embodiments of Prayers to the Spirit World","description":"Kyoto abounds with customs and traditions involving dramatic masks, such as Noh, a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage; Nenbutsu Kyogen, comedic theater performed by amateur actors; and handcrafted Saga masks made in Saga-Arashiyama and used as protective charms. In contemporary times, masks are seen as symbols that hold communities together, offering solace to people during the coronavirus pandemic. Discover the world of theatrical masks through their history and evolution over the centuries.","description_clean":"Kyoto abounds with customs and traditions involving dramatic masks, such as Noh, a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage; Nenbutsu Kyogen, comedic theater performed by amateur actors; and handcrafted Saga masks made in Saga-Arashiyama and used as protective charms. In contemporary times, masks are seen as symbols that hold communities together, offering solace to people during the coronavirus pandemic. Discover the world of theatrical masks through their history and evolution over the centuries.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029163/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"134","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054134/images/sE52Yu3s86DOBa4HcabcFWWYELKo80INrajdz0Kp.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054134/images/ya2MLWwFibnMdo6OwT8eQ7dcIbOhrYWYbMKVs9mg.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054134/images/2AzsfSKkpCwnCEFzI9pCAF1uvtc3SvdQ8MSdwV0A.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2054_134_20211229233000_01_1640790281","onair":1640788200000,"vod_to":1735484340000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_SWEET POTATO;en,001;2054-134-2021;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"SWEET POTATO","sub_title_clean":"SWEET POTATO","description":"The sweet potato – a popular winter treat in Japan that varies in texture and sweetness. 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(Reporter: Sarah Macdonald)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054134/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"rising","pgm_id":"2042","pgm_no":"120","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042120/images/jZIhGO3cq1RMFJifYUXRjSfafUc4cKDIGUNcwYbS.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042120/images/PRhnd5N8VURFUe4KGQjHH4GVGTDVaPPiUcVMN4zS.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042120/images/s61z3Mk2lEk6n99SCHcugNWJGYXaBoR4rKRpfEcS.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["th","vi"],"voice_langs":["en","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2042_120_20211229113000_01_1640747078","onair":1640745000000,"vod_to":1703861940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;RISING_From Familiar Food to Realistic Organs: Medical Training Innovator - Takayama Seiichiro;en,001;2042-120-2021;","title":"RISING","title_clean":"RISING","sub_title":"From Familiar Food to Realistic Organs: Medical Training Innovator - Takayama Seiichiro","sub_title_clean":"From Familiar Food to Realistic Organs: Medical Training Innovator - Takayama Seiichiro","description":"The pandemic has caused widespread disruption to medical practice, including hindering surgical training by preventing in-person coaching. And with ethical and economic issues surrounding the dissection of live animals and human cadavers, Takayama Seiichiro turned instead to developing realistic, sustainable anatomical models -- including arteries, organs and mucus membranes -- using a popular Japanese foodstuff: taro root-based Konnyaku jelly.","description_clean":"The pandemic has caused widespread disruption to medical practice, including hindering surgical training by preventing in-person coaching. And with ethical and economic issues surrounding the dissection of live animals and human cadavers, Takayama Seiichiro turned instead to developing realistic, sustainable anatomical models -- including arteries, organs and mucus membranes -- using a popular Japanese foodstuff: taro root-based Konnyaku jelly.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042120/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"daredevils","pgm_id":"3019","pgm_no":"143","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019143/images/vEmQRsZH9l4ZgmMeq4Pt1SWTqB7TrFrhoSW5QvaJ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019143/images/tlbsdZKl3l32t7AOno4EhTMdlTz1CrzYcaIOFM5s.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019143/images/DhT4YLPMXct8fVt3tE44BXKqWZ1NtM2XJhQIpf4x.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3019_143_20211229111000_01_1640744966","onair":1640743800000,"vod_to":1735484340000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;3-Day Dare*Devils_Dog Training Today Keeps the Vet Away;en,001;3019-143-2021;","title":"3-Day Dare*Devils","title_clean":"3-Day Dare*Devils","sub_title":"Dog Training Today Keeps the Vet Away","sub_title_clean":"Dog Training Today Keeps the Vet Away","description":"Our challenger this time is Haii from Vietnam, a YouTuber living in Japan. 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*According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 and 4 (2021-22), Touji is from December 22, 2021, to January 5, 2022.","description_clean":"Andon-Yama Kofun Tumulus in Tenri City, where migratory birds gather, is the spot where the sun sets on the Winter Solstice. It is the season when the beginnings and ends of lives pass each other. Persimmons and mandarins ripen, foxtail grasses die, and bird's eye speedwell sprout to have lovely flowers. Death and rebirth are 2 sides of the same coin. A new year is ahead of us. 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","sub_title_clean":"","description":"The Paris Haute Couture Collection is considered to be the pinnacle of the mode fashion world. One young designer named Nakazato Yuima has been turning heads as a guest designer at the collection since 2016. With a watchful eye on the future of fashion, his designs examine both sustainability and innovation at length. Tune in as we follow him for 6 hectic months, from the conception of his new collection to the final unveiling. What is the future of fashion according to this global-minded designer? Watch and see.","description_clean":"The Paris Haute Couture Collection is considered to be the pinnacle of the mode fashion world. One young designer named Nakazato Yuima has been turning heads as a guest designer at the collection since 2016. With a watchful eye on the future of fashion, his designs examine both sustainability and innovation at length. Tune in as we follow him for 6 hectic months, from the conception of his new collection to the final unveiling. What is the future of fashion according to this global-minded designer? Watch and see.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004784/","category":[19,15],"mostwatch_ranking":883,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"barakandiscoversainu","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"782","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004782/images/WBaOGI1mp4qrXNtapj6OxZcmBHaOr5rT9Y5c9fLx.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004782/images/fqtibMg60439eAkAWeTUY8qJMTpqriuQe4HNhws5.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004782/images/MGuRLmkCYbWoEyUROajbvujwGLR4yZ0NJPBojBNo.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_782_20211204091000_01_1638580257","onair":1638576600000,"vod_to":1733324340000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Barakan Discovers Ainu: A New Generation;en,001;3004-782-2021;","title":"Barakan Discovers Ainu: A New Generation","title_clean":"Barakan Discovers Ainu: A New Generation","sub_title":"

","sub_title_clean":"","description":"The Ainu are the indigenous people of northern Japan. They were once subjected to cultural assimilation policies, and many of their traditions were lost. But now, young Ainu are spearheading a movement to restore their heritage. Peter Barakan meets an artisan who recreates old craft items; performers with a new take on traditional singing and dancing; and a YouTuber who presents language lessons. Barakan looks at the oppression of the past, and the possibilities that exist in the future.","description_clean":"The Ainu are the indigenous people of northern Japan. They were once subjected to cultural assimilation policies, and many of their traditions were lost. But now, young Ainu are spearheading a movement to restore their heritage. Peter Barakan meets an artisan who recreates old craft items; performers with a new take on traditional singing and dancing; and a YouTuber who presents language lessons. 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In a Japanophiles interview, Peter Barakan meets Nicholas Rennick, an Australian doctor working at a Tokyo hospital. He started in April 2020, at the very beginning of the pandemic, and was immediately treating patients with COVID-19. Now, he performs various roles. Besides seeing patients, Rennick offers advice on improving service for foreigners, and gives English lessons to hospital staff. He talks about his inspiration for coming to Japan, and the challenges he has faced so far.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on December 2, 2021.In a Japanophiles interview, Peter Barakan meets Nicholas Rennick, an Australian doctor working at a Tokyo hospital. He started in April 2020, at the very beginning of the pandemic, and was immediately treating patients with COVID-19. Now, he performs various roles. Besides seeing patients, Rennick offers advice on improving service for foreigners, and gives English lessons to hospital staff. 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Surprisingly, Asian countries including Japan account for 80% of those cases. Esophageal cancer is hard to detect in the early stages, but the main risk factors are alcohol and smoking. Asians are said to have a high incidence rate due to their low tolerance to alcohol. How high is your risk? Do you experience facial flushing but still drink alcohol frequently? Do you smoke or lack fruit and vegetables in your diet? Are you obese? Find out the mechanisms of esophageal cancer and how to prevent it.","description_clean":"In 2020, there were over 600,000 new cases of esophageal cancer. Surprisingly, Asian countries including Japan account for 80% of those cases. Esophageal cancer is hard to detect in the early stages, but the main risk factors are alcohol and smoking. Asians are said to have a high incidence rate due to their low tolerance to alcohol. How high is your risk? Do you experience facial flushing but still drink alcohol frequently? Do you smoke or lack fruit and vegetables in your diet? Are you obese? Find out the mechanisms of esophageal cancer and how to prevent it.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086027/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-028"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-029"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-030"}],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"307","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019307/images/Vom6lmlEO9qSpNF386EYokPftlUZDq36IvnowZNS.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019307/images/qFhxM8VH0eG1choXgpW58ES3LkjWS7oMzJkB0B14.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019307/images/DgWAye7lKmBX4cKqYNSiM4RO5s2jEoTZhvgn3Ugl.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2019_307_20211130103000_01_1638237931","onair":1638235800000,"vod_to":1732978740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Authentic Japanese Cooking: Assorted Mushroom Tempura;en,001;2019-307-2021;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Authentic Japanese Cooking:
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Assorted Mushroom Tempura (2) Nameko Akadashi Soup. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019307/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2019-332"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"shortclip","episode_key":"9999-425"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2054-153"}],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"100ideas","pgm_id":"3020","pgm_no":"008","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020008/images/Q8EkabJgbwqo3wHgLAI2nrXU5BZl471KUWrU2fk9.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020008/images/XUEEqviGLpGuoj04TQoGPlrciOidZI27nYE7EFz4.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020008/images/dNlDQPrc518FdI5XsoupydfsbKPTJPeYOjkiH60L.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3020_008_20211128114000_01_1638068355","onair":1638067200000,"vod_to":1732805940000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;100 Ideas to Save the World_Regeneration!;en,001;3020-008-2021;","title":"100 Ideas to Save the World","title_clean":"100 Ideas to Save the World","sub_title":"Regeneration!","sub_title_clean":"Regeneration!","description":"Four ideas about creating unexpected value from things that have seemingly outlived their purpose. A recycling company's stoic quest to make useful resources from waste. Waste from oranges squeezed for juice is turned into food for fish farming. People and a local railway company band together to revitalize their depopulated town into an attractive tourist destination. And the story of a German architect who has brought new residents to depopulated areas by renovating vacant old houses into beautiful buildings.","description_clean":"Four ideas about creating unexpected value from things that have seemingly outlived their purpose. A recycling company's stoic quest to make useful resources from waste. Waste from oranges squeezed for juice is turned into food for fish farming. People and a local railway company band together to revitalize their depopulated town into an attractive tourist destination. And the story of a German architect who has brought new residents to depopulated areas by renovating vacant old houses into beautiful buildings.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020008/","category":[12,15],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"seasonsofyamato","pgm_id":"6042","pgm_no":"015","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042780/images/7zHZVfQIJ3mX1w1ETnuZq14ehpi8KKkV3ZSZFBjf.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042780/images/p2q5BdLWTSE9m1GGnZ4LyYX9CYQRRc8gD3G0gwNg.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042780/images/FYJCMgCXJAAHNMbb6e9w98Srj3DPpbSAGtMUqkhB.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6042_015_20211128103500_01_1638063712","onair":1638063300000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The Seasons of Yamato_Light Snow (Shousetsu) / The 24 Solar Terms;en,001;6042-015-2021;","title":"The Seasons of Yamato","title_clean":"The Seasons of Yamato","sub_title":"Light Snow (Shousetsu) / The 24 Solar Terms","sub_title_clean":"Light Snow (Shousetsu) / The 24 Solar Terms","description":"It's early in winter at Oka-dera temple in Asuka Village. The three-storied pagoda, reconstructed in the Showa period, is now wrapped up in maple leaves. Bright sun rays clearly emphasize the redness of those leaves as the pagoda dims its vermilion color. And then, the sun goes down to dominate the sky as a gorgeous orange sunset. However, \"Nothing is permanent.\" After sunset, when night fog covers the village, it's time for the moon.

*According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Shousetsu is from November 22 to December 7.","description_clean":"It's early in winter at Oka-dera temple in Asuka Village. The three-storied pagoda, reconstructed in the Showa period, is now wrapped up in maple leaves. Bright sun rays clearly emphasize the redness of those leaves as the pagoda dims its vermilion color. And then, the sun goes down to dominate the sky as a gorgeous orange sunset. However, \"Nothing is permanent.\" After sunset, when night fog covers the village, it's time for the moon. *According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Shousetsu is from November 22 to December 7.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042015/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanrailway","pgm_id":"2049","pgm_no":"104","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049104/images/iitrOqBU7X8U9YRvGutZikzMbdWmN5D3MnvR4rzr.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049104/images/EyMhkxrn5HKdiQH5AVQfyd3K4B0OwX2Oev2iZUhy.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049104/images/PLUb98FgRjmjvASyxWrGWaSpZTzmqUdTXIw1nY0H.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2049_104_20211125233000_01_1637852675","onair":1637850600000,"vod_to":1732546740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan Railway Journal_Shinkansen Freight: Carrying On Post Pandemic;en,001;2049-104-2021;","title":"Japan Railway Journal","title_clean":"Japan Railway Journal","sub_title":"Shinkansen Freight: Carrying On Post Pandemic","sub_title_clean":"Shinkansen Freight: Carrying On Post Pandemic","description":"The JR companies have been working on ways to use the shinkansen to provide freight services to compensate for lost passenger revenue. JR East, in particular, began experimenting with the Tohoku Shinkansen in 2017 before expanding to include the Joetsu, Hokuriku and Yamagata Shinkansen. Now, the Tohoku Shinkansen is being used to transport freshly caught seafood to a restaurant in Tokyo. See JR East's plans for its shinkansen and conventional express trains post pandemic.","description_clean":"The JR companies have been working on ways to use the shinkansen to provide freight services to compensate for lost passenger revenue. JR East, in particular, began experimenting with the Tohoku Shinkansen in 2017 before expanding to include the Joetsu, Hokuriku and Yamagata Shinkansen. Now, the Tohoku Shinkansen is being used to transport freshly caught seafood to a restaurant in Tokyo. See JR East's plans for its shinkansen and conventional express trains post pandemic.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049104/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1234,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"designtalksplus","pgm_id":"2046","pgm_no":"158","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046158/images/E0QY0POiMCqtIG2yFcDMoVAL5vBTsjq5Cwc94cdb.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046158/images/hccV2nJX6eNVD3tOcPfDnyTCYoFGinck2WuqQJ2k.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046158/images/Zxva1tCMBz7JP7nyWCxc3vzTGFLifbOrmQQ0eMJY.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2046_158_20211125103000_01_1637805882","onair":1637803800000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;DESIGN TALKS plus_Design Hunting in Saitama;en,001;2046-158-2021;","title":"DESIGN TALKS plus","title_clean":"DESIGN TALKS plus","sub_title":"Design Hunting in Saitama","sub_title_clean":"Design Hunting in Saitama","description":"On Design Hunts Andy and Shaula search for designs rooted in regional history and climates. This time they visit Saitama Prefecture whose natural surroundings are enhanced by rich earth and a wealth of rivers. Gardening, bonsai and other green industries flourish here, with beautiful planting on view in every town. This unique landscape has led to industrial designs that use fallen leaves in a sustainable cycle. Join us on a hunt next-door to Tokyo as we explore designs and aesthetics that perfectly balance the need to co-exist with the natural world.","description_clean":"On Design Hunts Andy and Shaula search for designs rooted in regional history and climates. This time they visit Saitama Prefecture whose natural surroundings are enhanced by rich earth and a wealth of rivers. Gardening, bonsai and other green industries flourish here, with beautiful planting on view in every town. This unique landscape has led to industrial designs that use fallen leaves in a sustainable cycle. Join us on a hunt next-door to Tokyo as we explore designs and aesthetics that perfectly balance the need to co-exist with the natural world.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046158/","category":[19],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["saitama"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"130","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054130/images/Es7gHhyUa3zi5yA3E8u6mvCfUyX9V87GzOt3AblN.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054130/images/9jpGLUFhDyR11uBKeoQZ98NY3G61illtwOPTHAJC.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054130/images/zurMPCFOhan1y4VKu4g9222WqQQQuTVGrcThzA37.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2054_130_20211124233000_01_1637766267","onair":1637764200000,"vod_to":1732460340000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_SALMON;en,001;2054-130-2021;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"SALMON","sub_title_clean":"SALMON","description":"Salmon reigns in fish-loving Japan. It begins its life in a river, leaves for the vast ocean, and returns to spawn and live out the rest of its days. Our own culinary expert Chiara hears from specialists about what else makes the fish so unique. What's the best way to pan-fry it? What makes the round-faced salmon from Hokkaido Prefecture so oily and tasty? Have you ever tried Citatap, the traditional Ainu dish using the entire head? Dive in to learn more about salmon's deep ties to Japanese culture. (Reporter: Chiara)","description_clean":"Salmon reigns in fish-loving Japan. It begins its life in a river, leaves for the vast ocean, and returns to spawn and live out the rest of its days. Our own culinary expert Chiara hears from specialists about what else makes the fish so unique. What's the best way to pan-fry it? What makes the round-faced salmon from Hokkaido Prefecture so oily and tasty? Have you ever tried Citatap, the traditional Ainu dish using the entire head? Dive in to learn more about salmon's deep ties to Japanese culture. (Reporter: Chiara)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054130/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1046,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["seafood"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"magicaljapanese","pgm_id":"2092","pgm_no":"004","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092004/images/c9tunj6hSl8DQtiU4CPg6Sl0TYSe1nqjVdpIatYJ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092004/images/Qxj0PJHqzwP4Q6PNZlUoMjQxmSDa7gBm8gH0FpuL.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092004/images/6gpyMrsIqqNIkpaePDjKzQCuBhgRlEHTJDLrirb1.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","th","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2092_004_20211124104500_01_1637719079","onair":1637718300000,"vod_to":1732460340000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Magical Japanese_Morning;en,001;2092-004-2021;","title":"Magical Japanese","title_clean":"Magical Japanese","sub_title":"Morning","sub_title_clean":"Morning","description":"The Japanese language is rich in words and expressions influenced by nature, history and culture. This episode looks at words related to the morning. Japanese people cherish the subtle changes in nature, and they have been particularly fond of the quiet hours in the early morning. The moment of sunrise alone has produced many beautiful expressions. Poet, literary translator, and long-time Japan resident Peter MacMillan guides us through unique words and the culture behind them.","description_clean":"The Japanese language is rich in words and expressions influenced by nature, history and culture. This episode looks at words related to the morning. Japanese people cherish the subtle changes in nature, and they have been particularly fond of the quiet hours in the early morning. The moment of sunrise alone has produced many beautiful expressions. Poet, literary translator, and long-time Japan resident Peter MacMillan guides us through unique words and the culture behind them.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092004/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":804,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"306","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019306/images/jBACv8y85h9i67j1kVdXJcrR7ZZHuix4iSTN5nqe.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019306/images/GIVXRqrLiH1Qhf9UtxY4Sx2sz5xqt3TwNoSItU6u.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019306/images/sV7OJ3el2kh0CsYEqDAUu5KQ9c0GPcS633KYuhyf.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_306_20211123103000_01_1637633078","onair":1637631000000,"vod_to":1732373940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Rika's TOKYO CUISINE: Japanese Rice Porridge with Toppings;en,001;2019-306-2021;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Rika's TOKYO CUISINE: Japanese Rice Porridge with Toppings","sub_title_clean":"Rika's TOKYO CUISINE: Japanese Rice Porridge with Toppings","description":"Learn about easy, delicious and healthy cooking with Chef Rika! Featured recipes: (1) Japanese Rice Porridge with Toppings (2) Fresh Figs with Creamy Custard.

Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about easy, delicious and healthy cooking with Chef Rika! Featured recipes: (1) Japanese Rice Porridge with Toppings (2) Fresh Figs with Creamy Custard. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019306/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"042","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078042/images/4qItzVuaPw5pN0fkQ1g4KyYRXkmwx9LhHvKBhTBR.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078042/images/RjHOy3LA0TxqWrr4b6897wE6VeLReCOJ5zUdnCmD.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078042/images/uAbeUJiPBpDaMyZ6O9eu5v8Q5roVn0Ts0epzvL49.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","vi"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2078_042_20211122104500_01_1637546743","onair":1637545500000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#42 Fielding an urgent request on the phone;en,001;2078-042-2021;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#42 Fielding an urgent request on the phone","sub_title_clean":"#42 Fielding an urgent request on the phone","description":"Today: fielding an urgent request on the phone. Dong Van Huu, from Vietnam, designs blueprints at an architecture company. He first became interested in Japanese architecture as a college student in Vietnam. In 2015, he came to Japan as a technical intern. Now, he works at the company where he formerly interned. His desire to improve means overcoming challenges including unfamiliar terms and detailed measurements. In a roleplay challenge, he deals with an urgent request on the phone about blueprints that are missing key information.","description_clean":"Today: fielding an urgent request on the phone. Dong Van Huu, from Vietnam, designs blueprints at an architecture company. He first became interested in Japanese architecture as a college student in Vietnam. In 2015, he came to Japan as a technical intern. Now, he works at the company where he formerly interned. His desire to improve means overcoming challenges including unfamiliar terms and detailed measurements. In a roleplay challenge, he deals with an urgent request on the phone about blueprints that are missing key information.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078042/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"100ideas","pgm_id":"3020","pgm_no":"007","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020007/images/0XTDWYvOg7TBUGb0tArKuJIGJgWQ3LR4EAwMTWKe.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020007/images/wACwX9a7g9mMwUZ0YMiKGbEqHfkhpug2FnmgXEoa.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020007/images/Jbcv1Foe0GQ00Rsm4yv6rstvIvYskC3SORUWYq28.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3020_007_20211121114000_01_1637463539","onair":1637462400000,"vod_to":1732201140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;100 Ideas to Save the World_Women Power!;en,001;3020-007-2021;","title":"100 Ideas to Save the World","title_clean":"100 Ideas to Save the World","sub_title":"Women Power!","sub_title_clean":"Women Power!","description":"Our 7th installment is all about women's empowerment, bringing you 4 great ways women are helping to change the world. 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We also meet a Japanese woman working to find jobs for asylum seekers, a UAE soccer coach bringing soccer to women in the Middle East, and Malaysian women working to protect sea turtle habitats.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020007/","category":[12,15],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hometown","pgm_id":"5003","pgm_no":"182","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003182/images/CvmFPpJ0gbIjZDVyxeSr09TXrsvy5qKnC9vexqTp.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003182/images/4x2Sg70RUuFFnBq3kmseWyGU5jMnKyqdVDOVDR7N.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003182/images/RD8eE2M8eZ8ni2tlSIFAcFXe8ZiT9wNTpZi9xMZV.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["zh","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5003_182_20211121101000_01_1637548893","onair":1637457000000,"vod_to":1700578740000,"movie_lengh":"27:15","movie_duration":1635,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Hometown Stories_Fond Farewell for a Beloved Train;en,001;5003-182-2021;","title":"Hometown Stories","title_clean":"Hometown Stories","sub_title":"Fond Farewell for a Beloved Train","sub_title_clean":"Fond Farewell for a Beloved Train","description":"In March 2021, the Akita Rinkai Railway Line made its last run and a familiar sight disappeared from the streets of Akita Prefecture. The freight line was only 5.4 kilometers long and operated just 3 days a week. After supporting local industry for 50 years, it couldn't adapt to the times. We look at the railroad's final days, interviewing the workers who kept it running safely, and the residents for whom the train and its familiar whistle were important features of everyday life.","description_clean":"In March 2021, the Akita Rinkai Railway Line made its last run and a familiar sight disappeared from the streets of Akita Prefecture. The freight line was only 5.4 kilometers long and operated just 3 days a week. After supporting local industry for 50 years, it couldn't adapt to the times. We look at the railroad's final days, interviewing the workers who kept it running safely, and the residents for whom the train and its familiar whistle were important features of everyday life.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003182/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"129","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054129/images/aPZuEmcfCjVjFBWtEdPoUuDhmbG0r4Q09ZiQEQxM.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054129/images/GOYvJvfEFrH6FRhedP4IjZP5eH8pJod3d1ph8Fen.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054129/images/phuV1lu9AEpy97zQDVrljG3mD94Io3VIqLIOKalX.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2054_129_20211117233000_01_1637161459","onair":1637159400000,"vod_to":1731855540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_SENBEI;en,001;2054-129-2021;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"SENBEI","sub_title_clean":"SENBEI","description":"Our focus today is Senbei, a traditional cracker typically made of rice or wheat. If you can press it and grill it, you can make Senbei! A variety of shapes and flavors can be found in all regions of Japan. Our reporter learns a classic grilling method from a Senbei master and all about the snack's evolution into a type used with soup and one that's practically a dessert! (Reporter: Kyle Card)","description_clean":"Our focus today is Senbei, a traditional cracker typically made of rice or wheat. If you can press it and grill it, you can make Senbei! A variety of shapes and flavors can be found in all regions of Japan. Our reporter learns a classic grilling method from a Senbei master and all about the snack's evolution into a type used with soup and one that's practically a dessert! 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During the global pandemic, Orihime was also picked up as a proxy communication tool by businesses and local governments, and Yoshifuji has even developed a 1.2m mobile version which one Tokyo café is using to allow house- and bedbound individuals across Japan to work as remote serving staff.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042117/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2095-015"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2095-016"}],"tags":["reduced_inequalities","industry_innovation_and_infrastructure","good_health_and_well-being","sdgs","robots"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"833","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058833/images/74JJ1dTySTPzngec2e6kKNCU5kRz1u875JI4RbjQ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058833/images/aFE0NDd3RRrYUoIxV9yqaPL5IXqXOUmGy151hnJC.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058833/images/SWhYKtPQqgivyxswBDM8oYG9DzZ9rJDE7CVtEiRI.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2058_833_20211117101500_01_1637112943","onair":1637111700000,"vod_to":1731855540000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_Giving and Receiving, Challenge for a Gift Economy: Rebecca Rockefeller / Co-Founder of the Buy Nothing Project;en,001;2058-833-2021;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"Giving and Receiving, Challenge for a Gift Economy:
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The gift economy initiative gives and receives everything for free, reexamining consumer society.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058833/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["vision_vibes","peace_justice_and_strong_institutions","partnerships_for_the_goals","sustainable_cities_and_communities","reduced_inequalities","gender_equality","quality_education","good_health_and_well-being","zero_hunger","no_poverty","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"041","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078041/images/UIXHSFMjtXXCA6Q55vMMPLzUbX8g0CvrY1fj4qlP.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078041/images/Cw3bKJ7v737lBFAp5c84FkIqhKjghm5mSCghaRYl.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078041/images/QGsVWPopuclFxd83mKjahlfA4V2llEEQwjLeHvgh.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","vi"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2078_041_20211115104500_01_1636941856","onair":1636940700000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#41 Words of support for a coworker;en,001;2078-041-2021;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#41 Words of support for a coworker","sub_title_clean":"#41 Words of support for a coworker","description":"Today: words of support for a coworker. Nguyen Thi Thuy Trang, from Vietnam, works at a company that makes paper products. She began studying Japanese out of a love for Japanese manga, and she came to Japan 2 years ago as a technical intern. At her job, she works in quality inspection. She needs a high level of focus to check for any imperfections. She'd like to forge a closer bond with her coworkers, who often push themselves to work hard even when they aren't feeling their best. In a roleplay challenge, she must reach out to a coworker who has back pain to offer words of support.","description_clean":"Today: words of support for a coworker. Nguyen Thi Thuy Trang, from Vietnam, works at a company that makes paper products. She began studying Japanese out of a love for Japanese manga, and she came to Japan 2 years ago as a technical intern. At her job, she works in quality inspection. She needs a high level of focus to check for any imperfections. She'd like to forge a closer bond with her coworkers, who often push themselves to work hard even when they aren't feeling their best. In a roleplay challenge, she must reach out to a coworker who has back pain to offer words of support.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078041/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hometown","pgm_id":"5003","pgm_no":"181","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003181/images/qyR09s5gkbdjcv5CllcJFM9AwkUgQuovSqw4z2KE.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003181/images/5FcBQXSlVDrtwCvehpBo564G85jLX8bvdfz1NM9F.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003181/images/uFKZnBWdCAPWnPWXBOThRMcs6wIRkCECk0fmzMul.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["zh","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5003_181_20211114101000_01_1636942654","onair":1636852200000,"vod_to":1699973940000,"movie_lengh":"25:15","movie_duration":1515,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Hometown Stories_A 94-Year-Old Culinary Wizard;en,001;5003-181-2021;","title":"Hometown Stories","title_clean":"Hometown Stories","sub_title":"A 94-Year-Old Culinary Wizard","sub_title_clean":"A 94-Year-Old Culinary Wizard","description":"Matsuzaki Atsuko, 94, a former professor of culinary science in southwestern Japan, is a regional culinary specialist known for her pressed mackerel sushi and other dishes normally enjoyed by a large group of family and friends. Her dishes are based not on intuition but on culinary and nutritional research. Her philosophy is: \"Food is life. It warms the heart, unites the family.\" But advancing age and the coronavirus pandemic have made it hard for her to do what she hopes to do. The program follows her as she continues to take on challenges such as writing about her memories of eating together and videotaping her recipes to pass down to the next generation.","description_clean":"Matsuzaki Atsuko, 94, a former professor of culinary science in southwestern Japan, is a regional culinary specialist known for her pressed mackerel sushi and other dishes normally enjoyed by a large group of family and friends. Her dishes are based not on intuition but on culinary and nutritional research. Her philosophy is: \"Food is life. It warms the heart, unites the family.\" But advancing age and the coronavirus pandemic have made it hard for her to do what she hopes to do. The program follows her as she continues to take on challenges such as writing about her memories of eating together and videotaping her recipes to pass down to the next generation.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003181/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["women_of_vision","sushi","local_cuisine","food","kochi"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"seasonsofyamato","pgm_id":"6042","pgm_no":"014","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042014/images/5qpM8sxkOWiCmR1fXxqAqMFTzPgGC6WpJizhBwNI.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042014/images/gwNoZMNb9u9jRBRsYBG1F8pgRbfnnF6TfRrKs2bf.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042014/images/ZzGlxtv83ryGnrRPPCJ60rplD8vW1cxjLQcSZxD6.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6042_014_20211112152300_01_1636698587","onair":1636698180000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The Seasons of Yamato_Beginning of Winter (Rittou) / The 24 Solar Terms;en,001;6042-014-2021;","title":"The Seasons of Yamato","title_clean":"The Seasons of Yamato","sub_title":"Beginning of Winter (Rittou) / The 24 Solar Terms","sub_title_clean":"Beginning of Winter (Rittou) / The 24 Solar Terms","description":"Around the Beginning of Winter, it is deep autumn in Tenkawa Village, Nara Prefecture. There are leaves of various colors and shapes that the morning frost edges. At the temple called Ryusen-ji, an immense number of autumn leaves fall on the water sprung from a dragon's mouth. After the maple leaves turn red and leave their mother's trunk, some sink to the bottom of the water to rest peacefully, and others float and set out on a long journey.

*According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Rittou is from November 7 to 22.","description_clean":"Around the Beginning of Winter, it is deep autumn in Tenkawa Village, Nara Prefecture. There are leaves of various colors and shapes that the morning frost edges. At the temple called Ryusen-ji, an immense number of autumn leaves fall on the water sprung from a dragon's mouth. After the maple leaves turn red and leave their mother's trunk, some sink to the bottom of the water to rest peacefully, and others float and set out on a long journey. *According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Rittou is from November 7 to 22.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042014/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"zerowaste","pgm_id":"2093","pgm_no":"011","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093011/images/dTnYpUoxiikxRzTLUbpue013GnUtjq4DnIp9Aahu.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093011/images/vjMtiglvuGrti3z35v361sIn4lt4hT53o7IOKb8R.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093011/images/CtW033sLdSzI1jYihsIfDmue1JHynWvs13ByZNvo.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["es","pt","vi"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2093_011_20211112104500_01_1636682653","onair":1636681500000,"vod_to":1731423540000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Zero Waste Life_A School Bag Forever;en,001;2093-011-2021;","title":"Zero Waste Life","title_clean":"Zero Waste Life","sub_title":"A School Bag Forever","sub_title_clean":"A School Bag Forever","description":"Japanese schoolchildren wear backpacks known as Randoseru. Though sturdily made, after the first 6 years they're no longer used. Nishikawa Masako takes such disused Randoseru brought in by clients and remakes them into accessories that even adults can use like wallets or key fobs. Her work has been so well received that her client list is steadily growing. She sees what she does as helping to preserve cherished childhood memories.","description_clean":"Japanese schoolchildren wear backpacks known as Randoseru. Though sturdily made, after the first 6 years they're no longer used. Nishikawa Masako takes such disused Randoseru brought in by clients and remakes them into accessories that even adults can use like wallets or key fobs. Her work has been so well received that her client list is steadily growing. She sees what she does as helping to preserve cherished childhood memories.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093011/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["responsible_consumption_and_production","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"830","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058830/images/0b0LaJ2EDuGzbztarDBZezVsDiWFpEPpBWMxuWFQ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058830/images/NVCNaLw2grFWqNfv5eSkpnnu1Wm3wlSRma9QMS4e.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058830/images/FL3PzvnRHymZNAtlhgJky6WoC8oU1FqP1CZgPg55.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2058_830_20211112101500_01_1636680836","onair":1636679700000,"vod_to":1731423540000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_The First To Get Noticed: Yano Koji / Actor;en,001;2058-830-2021;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"The First To Get Noticed: Yano Koji / Actor","sub_title_clean":"The First To Get Noticed: Yano Koji / Actor","description":"Yano Koji has been acting in China for about 20 years. He's gained overwhelming popularity, despite being a foreigner. We ask him about his success in the fast-growing Chinese entertainment industry.","description_clean":"Yano Koji has been acting in China for about 20 years. He's gained overwhelming popularity, despite being a foreigner. We ask him about his success in the fast-growing Chinese entertainment industry.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058830/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanrailway","pgm_id":"2049","pgm_no":"103","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049103/images/Wz0Zp5rEnWqm5X8Om1b1xsZBhSorhgxNxMxFCPOv.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049103/images/WOWujjwMlTV4inxB9soZatLljJ1dciAWiNtiHre8.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049103/images/BQbJUt6MyMqJkzKNj2QXEVNJSUGmAD96wxyYngoG.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2049_103_20211111233000_01_1636684504","onair":1636641000000,"vod_to":1731337140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan Railway Journal_Asa Coast Railway: The World's First DMV;en,001;2049-103-2021;","title":"Japan Railway Journal","title_clean":"Japan Railway Journal","sub_title":"Asa Coast Railway: The World's First DMV","sub_title_clean":"Asa Coast Railway: The World's First DMV","description":"Third-sector Asa Coast Railway, which runs between Tokushima and Kochi Prefectures in the Shikoku region, has introduced what may be the world's first dual-mode vehicle (DMV) in an effort to revitalize the region and attract tourists. The DMV can run on both tracks and roads, making transportation in the area more convenient. See how the DMV works, as well as local efforts that lead to its introduction.","description_clean":"Third-sector Asa Coast Railway, which runs between Tokushima and Kochi Prefectures in the Shikoku region, has introduced what may be the world's first dual-mode vehicle (DMV) in an effort to revitalize the region and attract tourists. The DMV can run on both tracks and roads, making transportation in the area more convenient. See how the DMV works, as well as local efforts that lead to its introduction.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049103/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologyplus","pgm_id":"2032","pgm_no":"250","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032250/images/x6VRdeOUw1BS6A1D66ofkTvq47waLgXaz8xATIOE.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032250/images/IXlrTnzOsEvatjaSxqZcSxfsmksUWjShZyN49aik.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032250/images/j2vf7D36XVrszG3YPZxvTU20549jythO7Yg5DYVy.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2032_250_20211111113000_01_1636599943","onair":1636597800000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus_Chests & Cabinets;en,001;2032-250-2021;","title":"Japanology Plus","title_clean":"Japanology Plus","sub_title":"Chests & Cabinets","sub_title_clean":"Chests & Cabinets","description":"*First broadcast on November 11, 2021.
Traditionally, wooden chests and cabinets are built and maintained by master artisans, using time-honored techniques and materials. Items are often passed down through multiple generations of a family, as heirlooms. Our main guest, antique shop owner Yamamoto Akihiro, introduces several unusual examples, and talks about how traditional furniture fits into the lives of young, modern Japanese.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on November 11, 2021.Traditionally, wooden chests and cabinets are built and maintained by master artisans, using time-honored techniques and materials. Items are often passed down through multiple generations of a family, as heirlooms. Our main guest, antique shop owner Yamamoto Akihiro, introduces several unusual examples, and talks about how traditional furniture fits into the lives of young, modern Japanese.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032250/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1166,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"128","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054128/images/2yH8cQiR0Xx0dHtSNiGjsHdDEGAz6bBInSvVvObp.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054128/images/SimmQFYV8Il8AYtNP5PYsKc0uc1JqGD6NWY2zvis.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054128/images/uImoXOazEMZQL8ecGetHJRjQoouHtBImDUC70zvK.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2054_128_20211110233000_01_1636556667","onair":1636554600000,"vod_to":1731250740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_ABURA-AGE;en,001;2054-128-2021;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"ABURA-AGE","sub_title_clean":"ABURA-AGE","description":"Abura-age, or deep-fried tofu, is an indispensable ingredient used in miso soup, udon and rice dishes. It's also been a valuable source of protein in the Buddhist vegetarian diet. Our reporter, Dasha, learns more from manufacturer in Fukui Prefecture, Japan's largest abura-age consumption area. Find out why foxes are associated with the food, and learn tasty recipes you can easily try at home. (Reporter: Dasha V)","description_clean":"Abura-age, or deep-fried tofu, is an indispensable ingredient used in miso soup, udon and rice dishes. It's also been a valuable source of protein in the Buddhist vegetarian diet. Our reporter, Dasha, learns more from manufacturer in Fukui Prefecture, Japan's largest abura-age consumption area. Find out why foxes are associated with the food, and learn tasty recipes you can easily try at home. 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Kyaw Swar Aung, from Myanmar, works behind the scenes at Narita Airport. He carries out tasks such as guiding aircraft as well as loading and unloading baggage. He's learned that both caution and precision are necessary to prevent accidents. He knows to report anything out of the ordinary, as well as any errors. He'll tackle a roleplay challenge in which he notices a senior worker's mistake. How will he handle the situation?","description_clean":"Today: pointing out a senior coworker's mistake. Kyaw Swar Aung, from Myanmar, works behind the scenes at Narita Airport. He carries out tasks such as guiding aircraft as well as loading and unloading baggage. He's learned that both caution and precision are necessary to prevent accidents. He knows to report anything out of the ordinary, as well as any errors. He'll tackle a roleplay challenge in which he notices a senior worker's mistake. How will he handle the situation?","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078040/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwcmini","pgm_id":"6031","pgm_no":"016","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6031016/images/ZLPhY77KUnZcJzFTiEsYpuvNMoEa1qpv9rmdzPx0.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6031016/images/lus5NqgffKtEPkr6KZV30NeCgd6QCgYgfXjLdQYN.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6031016/images/jMaUJ5Duo8HmE7OsPngGnwmSDBb4YNnI0Oj9a63I.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6031_016_20211025065000_01_1635134702","onair":1635112200000,"vod_to":1729868340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef Mini_Corned Beef with Mayo Omusubi;en,001;6031-016-2021;","title":"Dining with the Chef Mini","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef Mini","sub_title":"Corned Beef with Mayo Omusubi","sub_title_clean":"Corned Beef with Mayo Omusubi","description":"Learn about easy, delicious and healthy cooking with Chef Rika in 5 minutes! 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Product designer Sumikawa Shinichi explores physical and spiritual positive designs which promote well-being.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046154/","category":[19],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"302","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019302/images/O20qJoYNkoe6kzuoyYJy1BrdRQinxxBGBpAR9X4w.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019302/images/UujGpXN9raaU4t6BmcB4WAsGG13RQRIMU2S1EFiB.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019302/images/T7aa7lMl9ios6Ns7dUL0D3paAZfaosL2Pjgjo6sl.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_302_20210921103000_01_1632189881","onair":1632187800000,"vod_to":1726930740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Authentic Japanese Cooking: Yuanyaki Salmon;en,001;2019-302-2021;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Authentic Japanese Cooking: Yuanyaki Salmon","sub_title_clean":"Authentic Japanese Cooking: Yuanyaki Salmon","description":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! 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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Yuanyaki Salmon (2) Sawani-jiru. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019302/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologymini","pgm_id":"6032","pgm_no":"023","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032023/images/h0wBt2KtN9JgAsBKAHrMjfXKdGx6NvLkJPLYl3ZJ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032023/images/HGTCZtoyMCoWXtFJak88Gp3vZFcqtZkVMh8IaZHA.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032023/images/B7g7bHShk8GMWwZHUz8y2qlScoK8TJn1VOtPzxlk.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6032_023_20210919125000_01_1632023816","onair":1632023400000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus mini_Tiny Houses;en,001;6032-023-2021;","title":"Japanology Plus mini","title_clean":"Japanology Plus mini","sub_title":"Tiny Houses","sub_title_clean":"Tiny Houses","description":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at tiny houses: homes occupying around 50 square meters of land. They're appearing more and more in recent years, especially in crowded cities. Many of them feature unusual layouts and creative design. Low-cost prefabricated tiny houses, occupying as little as 12 square meters, are also gaining in popularity.","description_clean":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at tiny houses: homes occupying around 50 square meters of land. They're appearing more and more in recent years, especially in crowded cities. Many of them feature unusual layouts and creative design. Low-cost prefabricated tiny houses, occupying as little as 12 square meters, are also gaining in popularity.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032023/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"seasonsofyamato","pgm_id":"6042","pgm_no":"010","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042010/images/xZkW8xQeUInbCkM7xzrGhgVNEboTSjK6axNDpqUK.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042010/images/QXx18PoWV8dZKxRidg7rK9dH7xUQMs4oxEKXAr1z.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042010/images/3AIojS7rhDRowGqS2taJtS4trq26okE9qw3lDMxU.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6042_010_20210919104000_01_1632016013","onair":1632015600000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The Seasons of Yamato_White Dew (Hakuro) / The 24 Solar Terms;en,001;6042-010-2021;","title":"The Seasons of Yamato","title_clean":"The Seasons of Yamato","sub_title":"White Dew (Hakuro) / The 24 Solar Terms","sub_title_clean":"White Dew (Hakuro) / The 24 Solar Terms","description":"At dawn in the early autumn -- Uda City, Nara Prefecture, surrounded by mountains, is blanketed in the morning mist. When you look down from a high place, it is a \"sea of clouds\" literally. As the sun rises, the gray waves of clouds are dramatically dyed orange at first and end up in silky white. Shining drops of the dew on flowers and leaves seem to celebrate the beginning of a new day.

*According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Hakuro is from September 7 to 23.","description_clean":"At dawn in the early autumn -- Uda City, Nara Prefecture, surrounded by mountains, is blanketed in the morning mist. When you look down from a high place, it is a \"sea of clouds\" literally. As the sun rises, the gray waves of clouds are dramatically dyed orange at first and end up in silky white. Shining drops of the dew on flowers and leaves seem to celebrate the beginning of a new day. *According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Hakuro is from September 7 to 23.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042010/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["nature","autumn","nara"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hometown","pgm_id":"5003","pgm_no":"176","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003176/images/hChgjfk6uqfKQ7y2Y7Pa25PEeMPEhHStf7VeZuhd.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003176/images/HsnzD1tiusfE9YF8IzJ0eo2gXWNEBCMAx2PbuNJH.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003176/images/UxoC2lOcO7TOq3k3TMohWctbndMEUIccK8dYVKim.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["zh","zt"],"voice_langs":["bn","en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5003_176_20210919101000_01_1632199997","onair":1632013800000,"vod_to":1695135540000,"movie_lengh":"28:15","movie_duration":1695,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Hometown Stories_Light on a Raging River;en,001;5003-176-2021;","title":"Hometown Stories","title_clean":"Hometown Stories","sub_title":"Light on a Raging River","sub_title_clean":"Light on a Raging River","description":"The Kuzuryu River is a symbol of Fukui Prefecture, central Japan. Local people know it as \"the raging river\" for its repeated flooding, but they also appreciate the profusion of its gifts. We filmed along a 5-km stretch in the middle part of the river, which rises in Mount Haku and flows 116km into the Sea of Japan. There, crystal-clear spring water bubbles up from the riverbed, home to a variety of creatures despite being so close to a town. The camera captures the beauty of the river and its environs, including Sweetfish risking their lives to lay their eggs, the elusive Cherry salmon, and willows releasing their fluffy seeds into the wind.","description_clean":"The Kuzuryu River is a symbol of Fukui Prefecture, central Japan. Local people know it as \"the raging river\" for its repeated flooding, but they also appreciate the profusion of its gifts. We filmed along a 5-km stretch in the middle part of the river, which rises in Mount Haku and flows 116km into the Sea of Japan. There, crystal-clear spring water bubbles up from the riverbed, home to a variety of creatures despite being so close to a town. The camera captures the beauty of the river and its environs, including Sweetfish risking their lives to lay their eggs, the elusive Cherry salmon, and willows releasing their fluffy seeds into the wind.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003176/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"documentary","pgm_id":"4001","pgm_no":"403","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001403/images/53E0RYyfrsSViHtIW0umyZLJF4TgmwPbtsoPoAfv.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001403/images/PPskYAvjmIdpLwRNkdIjDKxojHlg04wmtBKd7vWX.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001403/images/L5opar1ZsMr7boM2B5EmRwLjKP4IPdQKa0lNwv4o.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4001_403_20210919001000_01_1631981419","onair":1631977800000,"vod_to":1695135540000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NHK Documentary_Myanmar in Turmoil: The Inside Story on the Military Crackdown;en,001;4001-403-2021;","title":"NHK Documentary","title_clean":"NHK Documentary","sub_title":"Myanmar in Turmoil: The Inside Story on the Military Crackdown","sub_title_clean":"Myanmar in Turmoil: The Inside Story on the Military Crackdown","description":"A human rights group says Myanmar's military has killed over 1,000 people since carrying out a coup in February. 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In this five-minute digest, we look at Furoshiki: traditional Japanese wrapping cloths. For hundreds of years, these square pieces of fabric have been used to protect, store and carry various objects. They often feature beautiful, colorful designs, and are works of art in their own right.","description_clean":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at Furoshiki: traditional Japanese wrapping cloths. For hundreds of years, these square pieces of fabric have been used to protect, store and carry various objects. They often feature beautiful, colorful designs, and are works of art in their own right.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032022/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologymini","pgm_id":"6032","pgm_no":"021","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032021/images/pKyjTg4bgjLFyRTJRiI9OzgeGREZaZgA8KFK5kri.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032021/images/pOGOjMkbnq6PpRUAqGvtAHuaO2xE2F9iloHzm4cq.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032021/images/3DefN4xlmzX0s5WiuvLAm6VdGMuoKb9leAogX5s0.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6032_021_20210918081500_01_1631920914","onair":1631920500000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus mini_Lacquerware;en,001;6032-021-2021;","title":"Japanology Plus mini","title_clean":"Japanology Plus mini","sub_title":"Lacquerware","sub_title_clean":"Lacquerware","description":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at lacquerware, a traditional craft that has been taking place for thousands of years. It's made by coating objects in the sap of the lacquer tree. Lacquer offers incredible durability, as well as a distinctive luster that develops over time.","description_clean":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at lacquerware, a traditional craft that has been taking place for thousands of years. It's made by coating objects in the sap of the lacquer tree. Lacquer offers incredible durability, as well as a distinctive luster that develops over time.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032021/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanrailway","pgm_id":"2049","pgm_no":"101","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049101/images/vd1VF49piJkjozDnHwVAo8txfjfjpAtGgymPBdso.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049101/images/NcTTTL9XGQDaEKiQngtS2rXRjXDtvAdYCpH4Prkm.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049101/images/pQmmOCdbsaZtXptW1VcecUppKVd6MUdaQJV9TXuj.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zt"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2049_101_20210916233000_01_1631804688","onair":1631802600000,"vod_to":1726498740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan Railway Journal_Shinano Railway: Investing in New Trains;en,001;2049-101-2021;","title":"Japan Railway Journal","title_clean":"Japan Railway Journal","sub_title":"Shinano Railway: Investing in New Trains","sub_title_clean":"Shinano Railway: Investing in New Trains","description":"In Nagano Prefecture, third-sector Shinano Railway came up with a unique strategy to replace their old trains. 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See how Shinano Railway utilized this one-of-a-kind strategy to purchase new trains.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049101/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["train"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologyplus","pgm_id":"2032","pgm_no":"246","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032246/images/GmsRxPz6opT4fPoIWPuBnOY64b59O6VRWYFYNsN4.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032246/images/iezr2aXS6PdoIlHrp2cOi1JLQTKUT2RPA9MltlQ0.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032246/images/IKRuNcbwikK2OD6JUqnwzKj0qgxt2UFHv2gfkPCR.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2032_246_20210916113000_01_1631761481","onair":1631759400000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus_Scissors;en,001;2032-246-2021;","title":"Japanology Plus","title_clean":"Japanology Plus","sub_title":"Scissors","sub_title_clean":"Scissors","description":"*First broadcast on September 16, 2021.
After scissors arrived in Japan, they evolved in unique ways. Japanese artisans applied traditional sword-making techniques to the creation of a broad variety of highly specialized and customized tools. Our guest is Kawasumi Masakuni, a third-generation maker of bonsai scissors. He demonstrates several different types and talks about the latest innovations. He also comments on changing perceptions of bladed tools in Japan, and his hopes for the future.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on September 16, 2021.After scissors arrived in Japan, they evolved in unique ways. Japanese artisans applied traditional sword-making techniques to the creation of a broad variety of highly specialized and customized tools. Our guest is Kawasumi Masakuni, a third-generation maker of bonsai scissors. He demonstrates several different types and talks about the latest innovations. 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But demand has dropped recently with the increase of a variety of alcoholic beverages. Brewers search for new drinks that suit modern needs while preserving traditions. One brewery makes beer with water originally slated for sake. A biotechnology institute collaborates with sake breweries to produce sake for overseas consumption. Discover how breweries are promoting new ways to enjoy sake during the pandemic.","description_clean":"Sake brewing prospered for centuries on Kyoto's abundant water supply and quality rice. But demand has dropped recently with the increase of a variety of alcoholic beverages. Brewers search for new drinks that suit modern needs while preserving traditions. One brewery makes beer with water originally slated for sake. A biotechnology institute collaborates with sake breweries to produce sake for overseas consumption. Discover how breweries are promoting new ways to enjoy sake during the pandemic.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029158/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["sake","kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"rising","pgm_id":"2042","pgm_no":"116","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042116/images/VrfCCJzf7Yi8lwhkQq3Vxhd1vH0tILH2O7mD6u0m.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042116/images/nZIxmEn0zAidBrARXt6nO9r2MQHFdS961UPvQJyJ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042116/images/kYkdYu9Buq5JbugcLu7CjMTiavxyYIUFFMBxAHGV.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["th","vi"],"voice_langs":["en","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2042_116_20210915113000_01_1631675095","onair":1631673000000,"vod_to":1694789940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;RISING_Upcycling Fish Scales into High-End Leather: Fish Leather Pioneer - Noguchi Tomohisa;en,001;2042-116-2021;","title":"RISING","title_clean":"RISING","sub_title":"Upcycling Fish Scales into High-End Leather: Fish Leather Pioneer - Noguchi Tomohisa","sub_title_clean":"Upcycling Fish Scales into High-End Leather: Fish Leather Pioneer - Noguchi Tomohisa","description":"Based in Toyama Prefecture, on the Sea of Japan coast, Noguchi Tomohisa runs a unique business making sustainable leather from fish skin, a major waste product of the region's active fisheries. After a three-year development process working to ensure the material's strength and eliminate fishy odors, the firm's fish leather wallets and card cases are now stocked by high-end stores in Tokyo, and their attractive sheen is a welcome replacement for unsustainable exotic animal skins.","description_clean":"Based in Toyama Prefecture, on the Sea of Japan coast, Noguchi Tomohisa runs a unique business making sustainable leather from fish skin, a major waste product of the region's active fisheries. 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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Shochu-Braised Chicken with Eggs (2) Edamame Mixed Rice. 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*According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Shosho is from August 23 to September 7.","description_clean":"According to the calendar, it is already autumn. The scorching summer heatwaves are now going to end. In the rice fields of Asuka Village, rice plants are flowering, and the greenness of their leaves is dazzlingly bright. And tiny living things shine themselves also, such as grasshoppers, dragonflies, spiders and frogs. When the summer sky with columns of clouds is dyed orange, a cool breeze will blow from somewhere. *According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Shosho is from August 23 to September 7.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042009/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["nature","autumn","nara"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"worldprime","pgm_id":"3016","pgm_no":"102","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016102/images/jOWtfRTJakupeYkagnMFL4l88NWsKVfbwZ0tsMlJ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016102/images/OlDU0pyunqjmg3YvNNFGChagLthuFkhY3y65Cy8I.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016102/images/vIcUFsRSM9a0C5f8Eh8hZdgrm8SHcFCt2YHCmnkO.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3016_102_20210828101000_01_1630290691","onair":1630113000000,"vod_to":1787929140000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NHK WORLD PRIME_A Man Who Aligned Japan with the Nazis;en,001;3016-102-2021;","title":"NHK WORLD PRIME","title_clean":"NHK WORLD PRIME","sub_title":"A Man Who Aligned Japan with the Nazis","sub_title_clean":"A Man Who Aligned Japan with the Nazis","description":"NHK has been given access to startling audiotapes that provide a new perspective on the maneuvering carried out by Japan's wartime ambassador to Germany, Oshima Hiroshi, to bring the 2 countries into alignment, spelling catastrophe for his homeland.","description_clean":"NHK has been given access to startling audiotapes that provide a new perspective on the maneuvering carried out by Japan's wartime ambassador to Germany, Oshima Hiroshi, to bring the 2 countries into alignment, spelling catastrophe for his homeland.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016102/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"798","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058798/images/lrldgFTyetHUQtOO9aRVxbKFZgY5PzxLGIKlWGsB.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058798/images/f9nWvOPxVYNmEKeXnBCL6qfznlooiYzQghTGKJzs.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058798/images/L4WmaBQoN8qHWxqlYyEvUAVmZewB2Ndb2J4cKeLA.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"02_nw_vod_v_en_2058_798_20210827161500_01_1630049638","onair":1630048500000,"vod_to":1724770740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_Dancing With My Passion: Kaneko Fumi / Principal of The Royal Ballet;en,001;2058-798-2021;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"Dancing With My Passion:
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By renovating deteriorating vacant homes into beautiful habitations, they have attracted new people to the village, including families with young children. Both long-term residents and new transplants revel in the abundant nature of the village's environment. The charming interiors of the refurbished Kominka fuse Japanese and Western aesthetics, while the gardens that surround them flow with water from local springs. Tina's delicious dishes feature another area highlight: homegrown vegetables. This is summer in the Miracle Village.","description_clean":"There exists in rural Niigata Prefecture a collection of traditional Kominka homes that have been renovated to create what is known as the \"Miracle Village.\" Join us as we spend the summer months with the couple behind the renewed vigor of this community, German architect Karl and his wife Tina. By renovating deteriorating vacant homes into beautiful habitations, they have attracted new people to the village, including families with young children. Both long-term residents and new transplants revel in the abundant nature of the village's environment. The charming interiors of the refurbished Kominka fuse Japanese and Western aesthetics, while the gardens that surround them flow with water from local springs. Tina's delicious dishes feature another area highlight: homegrown vegetables. This is summer in the Miracle Village.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016101/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":218,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"5001-353"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-100"}],"tags":["sustainable_cities_and_communities","sdgs","nhk_top_docs","life_in_japan","niigata"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"2029","pgm_no":"156","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029156/images/Yg0kzoOxuzJveNlJmmF2olj6cHO9LftIugpwa60z.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029156/images/gid43kOY1bo87AGxlrueUg49UUGk9HENwxt51oIi.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029156/images/e30oQ3kxsoPeZFKP35n7OzfdvaxMTMOCWQqy5YQ1.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2029_156_20210819093000_01_1629335057","onair":1629333000000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_The World of Moss: Soothing Beauty, Subtle yet Refined;en,001;2029-156-2021;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"The World of Moss: Soothing Beauty, Subtle yet Refined","sub_title_clean":"The World of Moss: Soothing Beauty, Subtle yet Refined","description":"Verdant, furry moss, of which there are some 1800 varieties, has the power to fascinate. Moss makes a literary appearance in an early-10th-century poem. Later a culture revolving around moss appreciation evolved through the influence of Zen and the Way of Tea's aesthetic concept of \"refined and rustic.\" During the pandemic, moss is enjoying a comeback, and people are finding solace in moss terrariums and other interior items. Discover the complex yet delicate beauty of this lush greenery.","description_clean":"Verdant, furry moss, of which there are some 1800 varieties, has the power to fascinate. Moss makes a literary appearance in an early-10th-century poem. Later a culture revolving around moss appreciation evolved through the influence of Zen and the Way of Tea's aesthetic concept of \"refined and rustic.\" During the pandemic, moss is enjoying a comeback, and people are finding solace in moss terrariums and other interior items. Discover the complex yet delicate beauty of this lush greenery.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029156/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":804,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"6024","pgm_no":"040","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024040/images/siJy5eYR2luwYSvF9jqr9bTck63QpN6RxRBV1oR8.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024040/images/ySjb8XO0JnHKHfupyh2yPBHSqTFHKiIUmbgV9Qr2.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024040/images/szoqHHurJUxP3K3WrL02pgABLTSqwFD77cfnorzw.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_6024_040_20210819075500_01_1629327713","onair":1629327300000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Core Kyoto mini An Artistic Lineage: Nurturing a Painting Tradition;en,001;6024-040-2021;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Core Kyoto mini An Artistic Lineage: Nurturing a Painting Tradition","sub_title_clean":"Core Kyoto mini An Artistic Lineage: Nurturing a Painting Tradition","description":"Kyoto City University of Arts, founded around 140 years ago, has produced leading painters in the art world. Its educational policy emphasizes Shasei - painting from life through intensive observation to glean a subject's true essence. It continues a practice advocated by 18th-century Kyoto artist, Maruyama Okyo. Discover the ethos underlying Kyoto art through the eyes of contemporary students of Nihonga Japanese-style painting.","description_clean":"Kyoto City University of Arts, founded around 140 years ago, has produced leading painters in the art world. Its educational policy emphasizes Shasei - painting from life through intensive observation to glean a subject's true essence. It continues a practice advocated by 18th-century Kyoto artist, Maruyama Okyo. Discover the ethos underlying Kyoto art through the eyes of contemporary students of Nihonga Japanese-style painting.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024040/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"6024","pgm_no":"039","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024039/images/bhaA2euBcw8ZMCAYPzUUGj3U8BOHkE6bD6XR0zN1.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024039/images/heZvhn7NXkYSnZBOVx2W60j9tOxQtNqeS6rmu0Qh.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024039/images/3imXsZBZVyVDXN5UuM1FzFF5Ac4oMxZbDFmqLylw.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_6024_039_20210819025500_01_1629309715","onair":1629309300000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Core Kyoto mini Family Crests: Pedigree in the Ancient Capital;en,001;6024-039-2021;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Core Kyoto mini Family Crests: Pedigree in the Ancient Capital","sub_title_clean":"Core Kyoto mini Family Crests: Pedigree in the Ancient Capital","description":"The dignified crests adorning various items from Noren curtains to temple roofs are a common sight in Kyoto. These symbols of families and organizations originated over 1,000 years ago. Once the privilege of the imperial household and samurai class, they were adopted by merchants and the populace as marks of status and pride. The refined designs now draw the attention of people abroad. Discover the crests that are emblematic of old Kyoto families preserving their heritage.","description_clean":"The dignified crests adorning various items from Noren curtains to temple roofs are a common sight in Kyoto. These symbols of families and organizations originated over 1,000 years ago. Once the privilege of the imperial household and samurai class, they were adopted by merchants and the populace as marks of status and pride. The refined designs now draw the attention of people abroad. Discover the crests that are emblematic of old Kyoto families preserving their heritage.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024039/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"6024","pgm_no":"038","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024038/images/diR2blSO70MwcjaqzqfG9stYoXqtuyVijivb3iCh.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024038/images/5LpoaDhZ8Ewb7WkDg31JAQUIBAZcK4IgivCiC96T.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024038/images/mExNhSid24vaLCfMQdJBpb4DRNj6WqWgEnYy6LXT.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_6024_038_20210818215500_01_1629291737","onair":1629291300000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Core Kyoto mini Kyoto Walls: Gracefulness Molded from Earth;en,001;6024-038-2021;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Core Kyoto mini Kyoto Walls: Gracefulness Molded from Earth","sub_title_clean":"Core Kyoto mini Kyoto Walls: Gracefulness Molded from Earth","description":"The ancient capital's dignified air of yesteryear is in part generated by earthen walls: the walls of the imperial palace, shrines, temples and even private properties. Kyoto is blessed with soil of a color ideal for these wall. Plasterers over centuries developed and refined their technique to produce walls befitting a capital. Discover the aesthetic sensibilities and expertise of a traditional plasterer as he pursues beauty in earthen walls.","description_clean":"The ancient capital's dignified air of yesteryear is in part generated by earthen walls: the walls of the imperial palace, shrines, temples and even private properties. Kyoto is blessed with soil of a color ideal for these wall. Plasterers over centuries developed and refined their technique to produce walls befitting a capital. Discover the aesthetic sensibilities and expertise of a traditional plasterer as he pursues beauty in earthen walls.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024038/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":203,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"6024","pgm_no":"037","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024037/images/Vu6Rlx4DNIJafGODHiwgkjOrzlBLcgmXfmE17WE4.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024037/images/5XgLT1UdoQSODaNlt6IX1BvX0en3ygMZIVx2GHQz.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024037/images/NRTHPbShlnERmneTRrMNx8EP7GgsCw6XyzMNdLsi.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_6024_037_20210818155500_01_1629270123","onair":1629269700000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Core Kyoto mini Jidai Matsuri: A Parade of Period Costumes through the Ages;en,001;6024-037-2021;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Core Kyoto mini Jidai Matsuri: A Parade of Period Costumes through the Ages","sub_title_clean":"Core Kyoto mini Jidai Matsuri: A Parade of Period Costumes through the Ages","description":"The Jidai Matsuri on October 22 pays homage to Kyoto's 1,200-year history, from the Meiji through the Heian periods, with 2,000 people parading in period costumes. The festival shows the Kyotoites' resilience as they redefined their city and created a new, modern Kyoto.","description_clean":"The Jidai Matsuri on October 22 pays homage to Kyoto's 1,200-year history, from the Meiji through the Heian periods, with 2,000 people parading in period costumes. The festival shows the Kyotoites' resilience as they redefined their city and created a new, modern Kyoto.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024037/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"6024","pgm_no":"036","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024036/images/yRNiQqOJ2Sb0iOW6K7xHv5KxCEaJlgYih0gKHCej.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024036/images/8U2FzV3FYQR8Rb34kuN46gkc9GfUPQWqPJCWvqCt.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024036/images/LhGS2OsdKNcMLQvkY06idDxFXdm2TG8BMrBXdTj6.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_6024_036_20210818105500_01_1629252114","onair":1629251700000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Core Kyoto mini Braided Cords: Bit Players that Shine;en,001;6024-036-2021;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Core Kyoto mini Braided Cords: Bit Players that Shine","sub_title_clean":"Core Kyoto mini Braided Cords: Bit Players that Shine","description":"Elegant and practical, Kyoto's braided cords were highly prized and used in religious and formal settings. They came to be deployed in samurai armor, and their use then spread to the common folk, stimulating production. Discover the allure of braided cords through the fine detail twisted by expert hands.","description_clean":"Elegant and practical, Kyoto's braided cords were highly prized and used in religious and formal settings. They came to be deployed in samurai armor, and their use then spread to the common folk, stimulating production. Discover the allure of braided cords through the fine detail twisted by expert hands.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024036/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"zerowaste","pgm_id":"2093","pgm_no":"006","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093006/images/JOq4if4hvGkSuMxfcMv6WhiieibO2Qq62bVWSjQc.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093006/images/tRolEgNlKULYtzx8IpmzzpBEMRIfdaqyf3XBd4Fr.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093006/images/mU9N1rbLpFWLZjQG7JAOwIKNRABcYGaqoQiAaqa3.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","vi"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2093_006_20210813104500_01_1628820229","onair":1628819100000,"vod_to":1723561140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Zero Waste Life_From Rubbish to Rainbow;en,001;2093-006-2021;","title":"Zero Waste Life","title_clean":"Zero Waste Life","sub_title":"From Rubbish to Rainbow","sub_title_clean":"From Rubbish to Rainbow","description":"Komuro Maito has a studio in downtown Tokyo where he works with traditional plant-based dyes. His dyes are made from things that would normally be discarded like fruit skins or pruned twigs. But the results he achieves are so stunning, it's hard to believe. His methods are primitive, boiling to extract natural pigments while imagining the color that will result. It can vary greatly depending on the plants used, and even on the season. As he's fond of saying, \"trash is treasure.\"","description_clean":"Komuro Maito has a studio in downtown Tokyo where he works with traditional plant-based dyes. His dyes are made from things that would normally be discarded like fruit skins or pruned twigs. But the results he achieves are so stunning, it's hard to believe. His methods are primitive, boiling to extract natural pigments while imagining the color that will result. It can vary greatly depending on the plants used, and even on the season. As he's fond of saying, \"trash is treasure.\"","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093006/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["responsible_consumption_and_production","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"6024","pgm_no":"035","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024035/images/wx2TNVv6KiBh4yCw9a2B7Epn8iU1TxAQojo1YOfY.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024035/images/lgPVPrvY4gF8Jwji70DzTZ2wAjTOBZrH4wErfMnv.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024035/images/GwBUzGOCqQ0nszH8aYjD2DWDQ2wFlL1ns03qDkpT.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6024_035_20210812075500_01_1628722914","onair":1628722500000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Core Kyoto mini Setsubun: Out with the Demons and in with Fortune;en,001;6024-035-2021;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Core Kyoto mini Setsubun: Out with the Demons and in with Fortune","sub_title_clean":"Core Kyoto mini Setsubun: Out with the Demons and in with Fortune","description":"February 3 is the Lunar New Year's Eve and is the boundary between winter and spring. Soybeans are scattered for good fortune in the coming year, expelling the demons that represent misfortune and calamity. Yoshida Jinja shrine protects Kyoto at the \"demon's gate\" in the northeast with a ritual in which the \"shaman\" wears a four-eyed mask. Discover how Kyotoites pray for a peaceful life.","description_clean":"February 3 is the Lunar New Year's Eve and is the boundary between winter and spring. Soybeans are scattered for good fortune in the coming year, expelling the demons that represent misfortune and calamity. Yoshida Jinja shrine protects Kyoto at the \"demon's gate\" in the northeast with a ritual in which the \"shaman\" wears a four-eyed mask. Discover how Kyotoites pray for a peaceful life.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024035/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"6024","pgm_no":"034","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024034/images/onsyMVgiQY1SkcPUFp7uoLVc06DsZAROzLmEUtVw.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024034/images/NyIQExmLGGCctRFTwL3tjrayOCFV7OmbWjEvqpd3.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024034/images/BYKrgDhuRmO63jBdIeFkzUSaoXPxoKmIZnVN1PeX.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6024_034_20210812025500_01_1628704909","onair":1628704500000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Core Kyoto mini Woodcraft: Prominent Woodgrain and Refinement of Use;en,001;6024-034-2021;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Core Kyoto mini Woodcraft: Prominent Woodgrain and Refinement of Use","sub_title_clean":"Core Kyoto mini Woodcraft: Prominent Woodgrain and Refinement of Use","description":"As the capital, Kyoto attracted craftsmen with outstanding artistry from around Japan. They made quality implements and furnishings, and the craft developed a distinct Kyoto refinement that became renowned. The craftsmen's knowledge of the wood they work and their command of the delicate processes convey the traditions that survive to this today.","description_clean":"As the capital, Kyoto attracted craftsmen with outstanding artistry from around Japan. They made quality implements and furnishings, and the craft developed a distinct Kyoto refinement that became renowned. The craftsmen's knowledge of the wood they work and their command of the delicate processes convey the traditions that survive to this today.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024034/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"6024","pgm_no":"033","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024033/images/to2B4LXlv6uiABPjNrhO0B3VGyuQyjIoCP9tA5o5.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024033/images/FR5Y9ci4V3bwR4sUE9kW5cRPjfNn5J6Kxou58vQ5.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024033/images/ZLH4SpLQsw6C5clANlbzAfVuUwJkCKTGKzcduior.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6024_033_20210811215500_01_1628686920","onair":1628686500000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Core Kyoto mini The Future of Dyeing: Random Beauty Bound in Fabric;en,001;6024-033-2021;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Core Kyoto mini The Future of Dyeing: Random Beauty Bound in Fabric","sub_title_clean":"Core Kyoto mini The Future of Dyeing: Random Beauty Bound in Fabric","description":"In clamp resist dyeing, fabric is pressed between 2 boards to create shapes. Perfect shading may result from sections randomly touching in the dye, producing beautiful patterns. Discover the future of tie-dyeing.","description_clean":"In clamp resist dyeing, fabric is pressed between 2 boards to create shapes. Perfect shading may result from sections randomly touching in the dye, producing beautiful patterns. Discover the future of tie-dyeing.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024033/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"6024","pgm_no":"032","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024032/images/QyC4LeulZUMXH7x7ft3zp3URfuqBJBOTZJYtTQMI.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024032/images/j6zyPDa1RL6CTHuXYDnnjvL6ItWThZVYIDJOOkFa.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024032/images/LOVa0SUy2gdflYgWGlUGaC9liz0vkuLugxcuX12l.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6024_032_20210811155500_01_1628665311","onair":1628664900000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Core Kyoto mini Hina Dolls: In Prayer for Healthy, Happy Children;en,001;6024-032-2021;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Core Kyoto mini Hina Dolls: In Prayer for Healthy, Happy Children","sub_title_clean":"Core Kyoto mini Hina Dolls: In Prayer for Healthy, Happy Children","description":"Hina dolls, which represent the emperor, empress and the imperial court, are presented to girls on the first March 3, Girl's Day celebration after they are born. Beautifully crafted by masters, they embody wishes for the girls to grow up healthy and happy.","description_clean":"Hina dolls, which represent the emperor, empress and the imperial court, are presented to girls on the first March 3, Girl's Day celebration after they are born. 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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Tomato Oyakodon (2) Octopus and Zucchini with Nori. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019298/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"100ideas","pgm_id":"3020","pgm_no":"004","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020004/images/u04wA71QoN3i2TpYql1Z1qNfUba4ua9dDMle9Kox.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020004/images/bybdLs0HpUC9UZD6Fuc4bgtHWiGfgktMgQh0qtwM.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020004/images/UN0dR6SeAqdaBtF8zZZRvFkz79YeD7hk3dbytsPR.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3020_004_20210725114000_01_1627181959","onair":1627180800000,"vod_to":1721919540000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;100 Ideas to Save the World_Leaving No One Behind;en,001;3020-004-2021;","title":"100 Ideas to Save the World","title_clean":"100 Ideas to Save the World","sub_title":"Leaving No One Behind","sub_title_clean":"Leaving No One Behind","description":"In this fourth episode, we introduce 4 ideas about leaving no one behind in society, in terms of poverty, education and welfare. A pastor who's been helping the homeless for over 30 years has plans in the works to make an even bigger impact. An art studio where people with disabilities can let their talent flourish. E-learning that provides equal opportunities for children around the world, and a traveling salon that provides hairstyling services and improved quality of life for the elderly.","description_clean":"In this fourth episode, we introduce 4 ideas about leaving no one behind in society, in terms of poverty, education and welfare. A pastor who's been helping the homeless for over 30 years has plans in the works to make an even bigger impact. An art studio where people with disabilities can let their talent flourish. E-learning that provides equal opportunities for children around the world, and a traveling salon that provides hairstyling services and improved quality of life for the elderly.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020004/","category":[12,15],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"seasonsofyamato","pgm_id":"6042","pgm_no":"006","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042006/images/K9IOBsOOqDKpdifvOWGY0e12OOnvWkoDPmS3pveH.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042006/images/NiKe2sAfrQOHQr2IQLG4hr2wH3yla4xKJ8OSDJU0.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042006/images/X4QEVYl5Y9jVmKepRZ6DYFssINvHHQ0RaPj7DOdF.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6042_006_20210725103500_01_1627177380","onair":1627176900000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The Seasons of Yamato_Lesser Heat (Shousho) / The 24 Solar Terms;en,001;6042-006-2021;","title":"The Seasons of Yamato","title_clean":"The Seasons of Yamato","sub_title":"Lesser Heat (Shousho) / The 24 Solar Terms","sub_title_clean":"Lesser Heat (Shousho) / The 24 Solar Terms","description":"Koichi Hozan filmed breathing lotus flowers in 4K high-definition videos at Manyou Botanical Garden of Kasugataisha Shrine. And Mine Kawakami plays on \"Hyakunen (100-year-old) Piano,\" a 1922 Steinway that the Ministry of Railways of the time purchased to furnish Nara Hotel. Through the land of Yamato, the wind and water flow, and the light and sound reflect each other. Seasons go around with the brilliance of life.

*According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Shousho is from July 7 to 22.","description_clean":"Koichi Hozan filmed breathing lotus flowers in 4K high-definition videos at Manyou Botanical Garden of Kasugataisha Shrine. And Mine Kawakami plays on \"Hyakunen (100-year-old) Piano,\" a 1922 Steinway that the Ministry of Railways of the time purchased to furnish Nara Hotel. Through the land of Yamato, the wind and water flow, and the light and sound reflect each other. Seasons go around with the brilliance of life. *According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Shousho is from July 7 to 22.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042006/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["nature","summer","nara"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"kengokumamonologue","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"746","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004746/images/qg9Xzu6OChWadQAFDnMyGesZm6FBJJT5p2JuLC93.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004746/images/BcKqmLQX71VBIZqPMcx0XUmuZETFqeG1bf7gdMgM.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004746/images/SB4PL0uM1OA6XjaTpQBSGMQhcsk0nE0ppdQykRxY.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_746_20210724211000_01_1627266802","onair":1627085400000,"vod_to":1721833140000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The Kengo Kuma Monologue: My Principles of Architecture;en,001;3004-746-2021;","title":"The Kengo Kuma Monologue: My Principles of Architecture","title_clean":"The Kengo Kuma Monologue: My Principles of Architecture","sub_title":"

","sub_title_clean":"","description":"Renowned architect Kengo Kuma has designed projects not only in Japan, but also in the United States, Europe, Asia and other parts of the world. He is known for unique designs that reinterpret traditional Japanese aesthetics, and aim to re-balance the relationship between humanity and the environment. In this program, Kuma describes his architectural philosophy based on five essential principles of Hole, Particles, Softness, Oblique and Time, revealing them in his distinctive projects around the world, including \"TOYAMA Kirari\" and \"Takanawa Gateway Station,\" that are presented with dramatic drone footage. We will also introduce the Tokyo exhibition \"KUMA KENGO: FIVE PURR-FECT POINTS FOR A NEW PUBLIC SPACE,\" that reinterprets the urban environment from the perspective of cats.

Time Magazine selected Kengo Kuma as one of the 100 most influential people of 2021.","description_clean":"Renowned architect Kengo Kuma has designed projects not only in Japan, but also in the United States, Europe, Asia and other parts of the world. He is known for unique designs that reinterpret traditional Japanese aesthetics, and aim to re-balance the relationship between humanity and the environment. In this program, Kuma describes his architectural philosophy based on five essential principles of Hole, Particles, Softness, Oblique and Time, revealing them in his distinctive projects around the world, including \"TOYAMA Kirari\" and \"Takanawa Gateway Station,\" that are presented with dramatic drone footage. We will also introduce the Tokyo exhibition \"KUMA KENGO: FIVE PURR-FECT POINTS FOR A NEW PUBLIC SPACE,\" that reinterprets the urban environment from the perspective of cats. 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Plastic food samples are astonishingly accurate replicas of real dishes. They can be found at the entrance to restaurants across Japan, helping potential customers to choose where to eat. They're made by expert artisans, who make molds of real food. Our guest is journalist Nose Yasunobu. He explains why three-dimensional models are so much more powerful than text or photographs. He also tells us why they became so popular in Japan, and discusses their presence in other countries.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on July 15, 2021. Plastic food samples are astonishingly accurate replicas of real dishes. They can be found at the entrance to restaurants across Japan, helping potential customers to choose where to eat. They're made by expert artisans, who make molds of real food. Our guest is journalist Nose Yasunobu. He explains why three-dimensional models are so much more powerful than text or photographs. He also tells us why they became so popular in Japan, and discusses their presence in other countries.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032242/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1234,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"297","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019297/images/5eBBsBy5tRLuwUm8L9I4BoDCxeofpelIEXcmsCgf.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019297/images/NqTYsPjSSVuhydmBRSE02OwjZSbwQFdAU5Yj54X5.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019297/images/gnuK9Q2e5rpD9XsfOsdwTQ44kcU2z7Bu0swzRhkt.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_297_20210713103000_01_1626142023","onair":1626139800000,"vod_to":1720882740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Authentic Japanese Cooking: Daigaku Buta;en,001;2019-297-2021;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Authentic Japanese Cooking:
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Daigaku Buta (2) Udon with Sesame Sauce. 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Naing Myo Oo, from Myanmar, works at a company that makes signs for businesses. He moved to Japan in 2016 and took this job to improve manufacturing skills he acquired in Malaysia. Each morning, he checks his tasks for the day with a supervisor. If he takes on too much, he won't be able to finish on time. Can he make this point? He'll take on a roleplay challenge, in which he must let his supervisor know how much work he'll be able to accomplish that day.","description_clean":"Today: saying how much you can actually do. Naing Myo Oo, from Myanmar, works at a company that makes signs for businesses. He moved to Japan in 2016 and took this job to improve manufacturing skills he acquired in Malaysia. Each morning, he checks his tasks for the day with a supervisor. If he takes on too much, he won't be able to finish on time. Can he make this point? He'll take on a roleplay challenge, in which he must let his supervisor know how much work he'll be able to accomplish that day.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078036/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hometown","pgm_id":"5003","pgm_no":"171","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003171/images/ahLugNvnUmHDdb4lWVEg3gJ2rZ7PSgXzy1sY9RvK.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003171/images/clOFWKNkIqcXHlqkNOJG9AjMLOWf1rIuEA5HtSUk.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003171/images/KHx6Q15iT4UcntYCiQ1dhXJ3ciI34CRGIGuTeEcK.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5003_171_20210711101000_02_1626065218","onair":1625965800000,"vod_to":1689087540000,"movie_lengh":"34:15","movie_duration":2055,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Hometown Stories_Rediscovering Ainu Heritage: Part 2;en,001;5003-171-2021;","title":"Hometown Stories","title_clean":"Hometown Stories","sub_title":"Rediscovering Ainu Heritage: Part 2","sub_title_clean":"Rediscovering Ainu Heritage: Part 2","description":"Since long ago, the indigenous Ainu people had lived in harmony with nature, following their own unique culture. But when Japanese settlers began to arrive in their ancestral homeland - now known as Hokkaido - the Ainu had to adapt to the Japanese way of life and began losing their unique culture. Now, a new generation of Ainu brings to light their difficult history and reclaims their language and customs.","description_clean":"Since long ago, the indigenous Ainu people had lived in harmony with nature, following their own unique culture. But when Japanese settlers began to arrive in their ancestral homeland - now known as Hokkaido - the Ainu had to adapt to the Japanese way of life and began losing their unique culture. Now, a new generation of Ainu brings to light their difficult history and reclaims their language and customs.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003171/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"5003-170"}],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"zerowaste","pgm_id":"2093","pgm_no":"004","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093004/images/rDUmA8mwj8R7licOklpTx3ur7Fxg9YT9eYF3T3Gi.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093004/images/xqXwStI4fvX60S3RxvoyeOtVJjBN3ogkWyvbLtZR.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2093004/images/w8TFhuG6Rr5JObMcD6qXPdU8b6xmAZoKbCRIuBfD.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","vi"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2093_004_20210709104500_01_1625796305","onair":1625795100000,"vod_to":1720537140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Zero Waste Life_Discarded Umbrellas Reborn;en,001;2093-004-2021;","title":"Zero Waste Life","title_clean":"Zero Waste Life","sub_title":"Discarded Umbrellas Reborn","sub_title_clean":"Discarded Umbrellas Reborn","description":"Cheap plastic umbrellas are all too easily used and thrown away in Japan. 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Japanese watches and clocks are respected around the world for their accuracy and durability. Many of them incorporate the latest technology. Our guest, Oda Ichiro, spent 26 years at a watchmaking company, and is now a university lecturer. He tells us the story of Japanese clockmaking, and introduces us to some clever and innovative timepieces. We also look at the incredible leaps in accuracy being made by cutting edge atomic clocks, and learn about the potential benefits of this technology.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on July 8, 2021. Japanese watches and clocks are respected around the world for their accuracy and durability. Many of them incorporate the latest technology. Our guest, Oda Ichiro, spent 26 years at a watchmaking company, and is now a university lecturer. He tells us the story of Japanese clockmaking, and introduces us to some clever and innovative timepieces. 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Tiny houses are homes that occupy around 50 square meters of land. They're appearing more and more in recent years, especially in crowded cities. Many of them feature unusual layouts and creative design. Our guest, architect Sugiura Denso, introduces clever techniques that are used to make the most of limited space. We follow the construction process from start to finish. And we take a look at low-cost prefabricated tiny houses, measuring as little as 12 square meters.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on July 1, 2021. Tiny houses are homes that occupy around 50 square meters of land. They're appearing more and more in recent years, especially in crowded cities. Many of them feature unusual layouts and creative design. Our guest, architect Sugiura Denso, introduces clever techniques that are used to make the most of limited space. We follow the construction process from start to finish. And we take a look at low-cost prefabricated tiny houses, measuring as little as 12 square meters.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032240/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":13,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2029-065"}],"tags":["life_in_japan","architecture"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"rising","pgm_id":"2042","pgm_no":"113","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042113/images/q3iIwrFTsYhgFO0KmU8GGSJRSy7wBFZtIFkdVn9M.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042113/images/zF7sZ4ZAZgntw723hMBg0QDYc97PlJ7Y8qXmrLfc.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042113/images/DNjKys5f0x1iUK6RzbVqyyUnampogXAuL1Criw2g.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["th","vi"],"voice_langs":["en","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2042_113_20210630113000_01_1625022339","onair":1625020200000,"vod_to":1688137140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;RISING_A More Inclusive Society through Art: Disability Art Entrepreneur - Matsuda Takaya;en,001;2042-113-2021;","title":"RISING","title_clean":"RISING","sub_title":"A More Inclusive Society through Art: Disability Art Entrepreneur - Matsuda Takaya","sub_title_clean":"A More Inclusive Society through Art: Disability Art Entrepreneur - Matsuda Takaya","description":"Since 2018, twins Matsuda Takaya and Fumito have run a social business built around the unique artistic talents of individuals with learning disabilities. In partnership with facilities across Japan, besides organizing award-winning exhibitions, they license artists' work for use in stylish products including garments and accessories, as well as design tie-ups with craft beer brands and on hotel décor, with profits providing vital income for the artists themselves.","description_clean":"Since 2018, twins Matsuda Takaya and Fumito have run a social business built around the unique artistic talents of individuals with learning disabilities. In partnership with facilities across Japan, besides organizing award-winning exhibitions, they license artists' work for use in stylish products including garments and accessories, as well as design tie-ups with craft beer brands and on hotel décor, with profits providing vital income for the artists themselves.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2042113/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"296","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019296/images/wT9ndkOl8yCU9xf7Lzj1M5syfYkqqBZ0WvBcfrUY.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019296/images/oLtKWTpc8j5kKn0RiwvlI9ofcxafr0fR91sM2F8N.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019296/images/djlf7rRBHbsAJ0JJCkHMZCe5KpNNQP1JAmAqtKZF.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_296_20210629103000_01_1624932337","onair":1624930200000,"vod_to":1719673140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Authentic Japanese Cooking: Vegetarian Chirashi Sushi;en,001;2019-296-2021;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Authentic Japanese Cooking:
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Vegetarian Chirashi Sushi (2) Hojicha Kanten Jelly. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019296/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"100ideas","pgm_id":"3020","pgm_no":"003","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020003/images/geWes08OIuIbEyY9NSyxozXiOdxXl1CgB4tV6rjk.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020003/images/M97WctK8WIAafINDVIHPnqbCvAY3BLCV6LBBFfOg.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3020003/images/CpAwboegPnajbj7sCDvhqDSRFljuGk3b8ur9MeaX.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3020_003_20210627114000_01_1624762747","onair":1624761600000,"vod_to":1719500340000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;100 Ideas to Save the World_For a Greener Future;en,001;3020-003-2021;","title":"100 Ideas to Save the World","title_clean":"100 Ideas to Save the World","sub_title":"For a Greener Future","sub_title_clean":"For a Greener Future","description":"Four ideas for a greener future. 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*According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Geshi is from June 21 to July 7.","description_clean":"Hangesho (Asian lizard's tail) is in full bloom around the time of Hangesho, which begins 11 days after Geshi (Summer Solstice) as a division of the 72 pentads. The green leaves turn white like snow in summer. Okada Valley of Mitsue Village is one of the few places where Hangesho plants grow naturally. Embraced by the overlapping white leaves, many creatures such as snakes, lizards, frogs and damselflies enjoy their lives. *According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Geshi is from June 21 to July 7.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042005/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["nature","summer","nara"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"777","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058777/images/a1nXf17qX5cMlqlZAN3UYuLHyp7WE5Nrcb8PYeaH.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058777/images/UVdI4N1EiR6B2ZWBdUXi3OOKQqJvx51VLfB1ha6D.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058777/images/SWujtcDI0YE9235YAlp32T8XifSuoLOLx3XCrFzQ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2058_777_20210624161500_01_1624520105","onair":1624518900000,"vod_to":1719241140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_Meeting the Moment Through Art: Bill T. Jones / Choreographer, Artistic Director;en,001;2058-777-2021;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"Meeting the Moment Through Art:
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The era of city hotels designed around the needs of global business workers has faded. New hotels focused on concepts and systems that suit the demands of today have come to the fore. Creative director Iwasa Toru explores the shift in hotel design from \"places to sleep\" to \"places to learn and think.\" Join us to discover inspiration for lifestyle changes.","description_clean":"The coronavirus pandemic has led to massive upheaval in the hotel industry. The era of city hotels designed around the needs of global business workers has faded. New hotels focused on concepts and systems that suit the demands of today have come to the fore. 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*According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Boushu is from June 5 to 21.","description_clean":"Chokyuji Temple in Ikoma City is famous for hydrangea. At the beginning of the rainy season, hydrangea fills the temple precincts with flowers of various shades such as red, white and blue. Raindrops fall on the flowers and the Buddhist statues. Moss covering those stone faces has a beautiful matte green color. What have the motionless devas thought for such a long, long time while the moss was growing over them? Instead, have they thought nothing? They show gentle expressions all along. *According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Boushu is from June 5 to 21.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042004/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":883,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["nature","summer","nara"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"doctorsinsight","pgm_id":"2086","pgm_no":"022","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086022/images/ziAiA2XqbhdRtMexQvbivclBneHyVU2HOcDMB2yJ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086022/images/VOD1c1fIKDuxBneam6yz2vl97PcsDbal1h3Zlm6A.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086022/images/H8SCib9MEokptrhHrYVaHVEyUkjIya06j8vbW3LX.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2086_022_20210615134500_01_1623733068","onair":1623732300000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Doctor's Insight_Breast Cancer #4: Heredity and Gene Mutations;en,001;2086-022-2021;","title":"Doctor's Insight","title_clean":"Doctor's Insight","sub_title":"Breast Cancer #4: Heredity and Gene Mutations","sub_title_clean":"Breast Cancer #4: Heredity and Gene Mutations","description":"\"I do like being older. Maybe because my mom didn't live very long...\" These are the words of Angelina Jolie who lost her mother to breast cancer, sharing her thoughts in an interview. Almost 10 years ago, Jolie shocked the world when she revealed to having both of her healthy breasts surgically removed. Breast cancer is a disease that can be inherited. No one can change their genes, but we could change our fate by making efforts for early detection. This episode looks closely at hereditary breast cancer.","description_clean":"\"I do like being older. Maybe because my mom didn't live very long...\" These are the words of Angelina Jolie who lost her mother to breast cancer, sharing her thoughts in an interview. Almost 10 years ago, Jolie shocked the world when she revealed to having both of her healthy breasts surgically removed. Breast cancer is a disease that can be inherited. No one can change their genes, but we could change our fate by making efforts for early detection. 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Kyo-yaki pottery evolved in its diversity for use in cooking and tea ceremonies. Modern potters uphold the old ideals while creating fresh works. One potter uses scissors to adorn her work with floral designs. One produces ceramics for use in construction. Another creates nouveau pieces based on research into a classical style. Discover how potters propel their craft into the future, unbound by tradition.","description_clean":"The eastern mountains once hosted many climbing kilns, attracting scores of potters. Kyo-yaki pottery evolved in its diversity for use in cooking and tea ceremonies. Modern potters uphold the old ideals while creating fresh works. One potter uses scissors to adorn her work with floral designs. One produces ceramics for use in construction. Another creates nouveau pieces based on research into a classical style. 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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about easy, delicious and healthy cooking with Chef Rika! Featured recipes: (1) Corned Beef with Mayo Omusubi (2) Salmon and Shiso Omusubi (3) Sesame and Nori Omusubi (4) Rika's Tonjiru. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019294/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"033","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078033/images/bbFiyPBgIjl6lBpQcr1pjasfZAIdnlGZcQmEzMYe.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078033/images/uGrD6uuOeOI9u88DET9CiT1ncIU0irdRhjxBROv8.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078033/images/2EssJWTvanIwAwC8SOqbXmTUa2LaK7VShGSeYvij.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","pt","vi"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2078_033_20210607104500_01_1623031439","onair":1623030300000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#33 Dealing with a complaint from a neighbor;en,001;2078-033-2021;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#33 Dealing with a complaint from a neighbor","sub_title_clean":"#33 Dealing with a complaint from a neighbor","description":"Today: dealing with a complaint from a neighbor. Luu Van Chien, from Vietnam, works as a carpenter at a home construction company. He joined this company around 8 years ago, starting as a technical intern. Although he struggled at first, he worked hard to improve his skills as carpenter. Now, he's one of the top workers at the company and he's been tasked with supervising other employees. In a roleplay challenge, he must deal with a complaint from a neighbor living near a construction site.","description_clean":"Today: dealing with a complaint from a neighbor. Luu Van Chien, from Vietnam, works as a carpenter at a home construction company. He joined this company around 8 years ago, starting as a technical intern. Although he struggled at first, he worked hard to improve his skills as carpenter. Now, he's one of the top workers at the company and he's been tasked with supervising other employees. In a roleplay challenge, he must deal with a complaint from a neighbor living near a construction site.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078033/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"seasonsofyamato","pgm_id":"6042","pgm_no":"003","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042003/images/mxFtJgPHGXyPnSYG9Ny0cVhUoanTtKS2ITBNxf5o.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042003/images/iuiuo7jCrvBIPJiZGdFipRwvd5Xr7RUOZaVc4jJv.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042003/images/mfkynQcdTXBJPyDNiwfjtYsTcxKwfVspQpFE1HB2.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6042_003_20210606104000_01_1622944014","onair":1622943600000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The Seasons of Yamato_Lesser Fullness (Shouman) / The 24 Solar Terms;en,001;6042-003-2021;","title":"The Seasons of Yamato","title_clean":"The Seasons of Yamato","sub_title":"Lesser Fullness (Shouman) / The 24 Solar Terms","sub_title_clean":"Lesser Fullness (Shouman) / The 24 Solar Terms","description":"They say Nara Prefecture is the southernmost original habitat of the lily-of-the-valley. When people finish the rice-planting, the flowers like pure white pearls start to blossom. The combination of the clear water drops and those white flowers makes a jewel of nature. It seemed as if a tree-flog was so mesmerized that it sat still. Meanwhile, the flowers of Kazaguruma (Clematis) spread their purple petals. Though they look like tiny pinwheel blades, they never spin in the wind.

*According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Shouman is from May 21 to June 5.","description_clean":"They say Nara Prefecture is the southernmost original habitat of the lily-of-the-valley. When people finish the rice-planting, the flowers like pure white pearls start to blossom. The combination of the clear water drops and those white flowers makes a jewel of nature. It seemed as if a tree-flog was so mesmerized that it sat still. Meanwhile, the flowers of Kazaguruma (Clematis) spread their purple petals. 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Furoshiki are traditional Japanese wrapping cloths. For hundreds of years, these square pieces of fabric have been used to protect, store and carry various objects. They often feature beautiful, colorful designs, and are works of art in their own right. Our main guest, Yamada Etsuko, is the art director for a Furoshiki-making company. She teaches Peter Barakan some common wrapping technique, and introduces both traditional and modern designs.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on June 3, 2021. Furoshiki are traditional Japanese wrapping cloths. For hundreds of years, these square pieces of fabric have been used to protect, store and carry various objects. They often feature beautiful, colorful designs, and are works of art in their own right. Our main guest, Yamada Etsuko, is the art director for a Furoshiki-making company. 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We'll talk to a breast cancer expert and an exercise specialist to find out.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086020/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-021"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-022"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-019"}],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"293","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019293/images/I1N5iC9d8PrTlmt5mfAi4g7I7Enuuzi2UH3ocB8X.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019293/images/qS4F8gRmGsnnzwE5eR8Git3GhzZ1hu2hY9hmfupZ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019293/images/WPSL4VKC9gKx3L438FMESFzzISWbEqQCwEHTl9Ej.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_293_20210601103000_01_1622513114","onair":1622511000000,"vod_to":1717253940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Authentic Japanese Cooking: Tricolored Fish Fry;en,001;2019-293-2021;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Authentic Japanese Cooking:
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Tricolored Fish Fry (2) Aromatic Spicy Salad. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019293/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologyplus","pgm_id":"2032","pgm_no":"237","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032237/images/i1mvqgaaP5CGpbDmmOlIB5FBAb06jM84tCwjLRsT.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032237/images/XH4d2MR0ZF4z8JHE3mKM7T1fvtyaCFgF6ku6wwHz.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032237/images/ym3PVXR8I1777Nd6HP89V5HuDAKhqzVvrSCb4CgS.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_v_en_2032237_202105271130","onair":1622082600000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus_Japanophiles: Chad Mullane;en,001;2032-237-2021;","title":"Japanology Plus","title_clean":"Japanology Plus","sub_title":"Japanophiles: Chad Mullane","sub_title_clean":"Japanophiles: Chad Mullane","description":"*First broadcast on May 27, 2021.
In a Japanophiles interview, Peter Barakan meets Chad Mullane, a comedian from Perth, Australia. Chad talks about Japanese comedy, and explains how he fell in love with it. We see some of his routines, and learn just how much hard work it took to become a professional in the industry. We also meet Tea Kato, Chad's long-term comedy partner, and Bonchi Osamu, a veteran performer who took Chad under his wing.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on May 27, 2021. In a Japanophiles interview, Peter Barakan meets Chad Mullane, a comedian from Perth, Australia. Chad talks about Japanese comedy, and explains how he fell in love with it. We see some of his routines, and learn just how much hard work it took to become a professional in the industry. We also meet Tea Kato, Chad's long-term comedy partner, and Bonchi Osamu, a veteran performer who took Chad under his wing.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032237/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"designtalksplus","pgm_id":"2046","pgm_no":"149","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046149/images/oYXAZ3MNodr31ucSZ9DXBeJS7r7oZsOF8bAJK04X.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046149/images/Z6b60aweUf9bLew5Vtd7lj1tyRe7w2MqKL6WAlOC.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2046149/images/BmVhcr5bVoZp3Eu3QVTrTl5M1w1liWa5dHNHg4b8.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2046_149_20210527103000_01_1622081084","onair":1622079000000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;DESIGN TALKS plus_Minimalist Living;en,001;2046-149-2021;","title":"DESIGN TALKS plus","title_clean":"DESIGN TALKS plus","sub_title":"Minimalist Living","sub_title_clean":"Minimalist Living","description":"As the pandemic keeps more of us at home, people have become drawn to minimalist living, enriching their homes and lives by paring down their belongings to the essentials. 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It's an endeavor far larger than maintaining heritage sites. How do we ensure ordinary buildings survive? That memorials to past disasters do not vanish? And that the vitality and output of an artisans' quarter continues to breathe centuries into the future? Architect Masashi Sogabe explores designs that can capture the memories of cities.","description_clean":"Design is playing an increasingly important role in the way we pass on the culture, climate and memories of each region and city. It's an endeavor far larger than maintaining heritage sites. How do we ensure ordinary buildings survive? That memorials to past disasters do not vanish? And that the vitality and output of an artisans' quarter continues to breathe centuries into the future? 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*According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Rikka is from May 5 to 21.","description_clean":"Chogakuji Temple is known as the Flower Temple. Every year in early summer, Kakitsubata (water iris) plays the leading role. A thousand irises bloom in front of the main hall. In the blue-violet paradise that appeared on the water, a dragonfly stated, \"I'm here.\" A stone Buddha statue looking down there might have smiled at it. *According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Rikka is from May 5 to 21.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042002/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["nature","summer","nara"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"minidramasonsdgs","pgm_id":"8131","pgm_no":"474","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/8131474/images/uEMuTwWxoRY1049sXaui2nJWQ4PLE2MxuhhDhGZC.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/8131474/images/yDhRcRtbfy6dUbutJrtejFkmECaZViZXYopMzbfP.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/8131474/images/AXkhIVRLQ06Ro7gbCZw5Zrfw0tijocZlw0rUFzVZ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_v_en_8131474_202105181258","onair":1621310280000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"2:00","movie_duration":120,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Mini-Dramas on SDGs_Ep 3 KINTSUGI - The Art of Repair;en,001;8131-474-2021;","title":"Mini-Dramas on SDGs","title_clean":"Mini-Dramas on SDGs","sub_title":"Ep 3 KINTSUGI - The Art of Repair","sub_title_clean":"Ep 3 KINTSUGI - The Art of Repair","description":"The story based on the Goal 12 -- Responsible Consumption and Production -- provides viewers with a chance to see the traditional Kintsugi repair technique in use and raises the question of how we can make our consumer society more sustainable.","description_clean":"The story based on the Goal 12 -- Responsible Consumption and Production -- provides viewers with a chance to see the traditional Kintsugi repair technique in use and raises the question of how we can make our consumer society more sustainable.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/8131474/","category":[12,21],"mostwatch_ranking":1046,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["drama_showcase"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"minidramasonsdgs","pgm_id":"8131","pgm_no":"473","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/8131473/images/K9NnNvJi7IJZifAF2e6Id562UkQLOiC5EbhxuwYS.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/8131473/images/Y9Stis8LYDs7gi5753ybIEqQF5AV8KASTCuzlDdS.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/8131473/images/eDNbaHmoHXIKkgiz8VCxgSn1ZJ7CSgsiVeFCBIp8.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_v_en_8131473_202105181058","onair":1621303080000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"2:00","movie_duration":120,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Mini-Dramas on SDGs_Ep 2 Video Chat Beyond Time;en,001;8131-473-2021;","title":"Mini-Dramas on SDGs","title_clean":"Mini-Dramas on SDGs","sub_title":"Ep 2 Video Chat Beyond Time","sub_title_clean":"Ep 2 Video Chat Beyond Time","description":"In this sci-fi drama, representatives of the generation of the early part of the twentieth century, the present day and the year 2040 have a video conference to discuss working. Based on the Goal 8 -- Decent Work and Economic Growth.","description_clean":"In this sci-fi drama, representatives of the generation of the early part of the twentieth century, the present day and the year 2040 have a video conference to discuss working. Based on the Goal 8 -- Decent Work and Economic Growth.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/8131473/","category":[12,21],"mostwatch_ranking":1324,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["drama_showcase","decent_work_and_economic_growth","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"292","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019292/images/WsLhzHGeeS62uNVNTcyREk8yR2xdmYkhjCopgPYu.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019292/images/3PiCOUZWInlMQL1wCnVc3WYJqkgicd5OpKbZEANH.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019292/images/8j3otN6NxN2vcUeO5qJIzNhYW9VUDckj9IMThcL8.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_292_20210518103000_01_1621303503","onair":1621301400000,"vod_to":1716044340000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Authentic Japanese Cooking: Tuna and Chives with Miso Mustard Sauce;en,001;2019-292-2021;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Authentic Japanese Cooking:
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Tuna and Chives with Miso Mustard Sauce (2) Fluffy Fried Nori Rolls. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019292/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"minidramasonsdgs","pgm_id":"8131","pgm_no":"472","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/8131472/images/qeJWul2VCchtH16eZAsXoN6wQKuUOgiQoPGR9245.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/8131472/images/RKmw820VUaKpxfq7BiXMi2Nvjg45sQY5IFuGiaq1.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/8131472/images/toeXWnXH7tStCpss4QlxGVFbauJVjRCnKRTEbW4s.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_v_en_8131472_202105180958","onair":1621299480000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"2:00","movie_duration":120,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Mini-Dramas on SDGs_Ep 1 Close the Gender Gap;en,001;8131-472-2021;","title":"Mini-Dramas on SDGs","title_clean":"Mini-Dramas on SDGs","sub_title":"Ep 1 Close the Gender Gap","sub_title_clean":"Ep 1 Close the Gender Gap","description":"Two-minute dramas putting spotlight on the sustainable future that leaves no one behind.
What is needed to empower women in Japan, which ranks 120th in the Gender Gap Index? In this work inspired by the Goal 5 — Gender Equality — a seemingly harmless conversation that includes long-standing discriminatory thinking is unfolded through the eyes of a radio presenter.","description_clean":"Two-minute dramas putting spotlight on the sustainable future that leaves no one behind. What is needed to empower women in Japan, which ranks 120th in the Gender Gap Index? In this work inspired by the Goal 5 — Gender Equality — a seemingly harmless conversation that includes long-standing discriminatory thinking is unfolded through the eyes of a radio presenter.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/8131472/","category":[12,21],"mostwatch_ranking":883,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["drama_showcase","gender_equality","sdgs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"seasonsofyamato","pgm_id":"6042","pgm_no":"001","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042001/images/MfwGPzAM2ACuJVKS53Kkrt3B1GyeiSuTSsppQIsm.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042001/images/AJ19YjwJwOmagCKB9sCBWfDwkjlaZfE4o3iB9Yon.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042001/images/E3PyqjXdDTXfFURU26wnQrIt54uj1Ny5PBzQqY54.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6042_001_20210516104000_01_1621129756","onair":1621129200000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;The Seasons of Yamato_Grain Rain (Kokuu) / The 24 Solar Terms;en,001;6042-001-2021;","title":"The Seasons of Yamato","title_clean":"The Seasons of Yamato","sub_title":"Grain Rain (Kokuu) / The 24 Solar Terms","sub_title_clean":"Grain Rain (Kokuu) / The 24 Solar Terms","description":"\"Sagari-Fuji (hanging down wisteria flowers),\" the crest of Kasuga Taisha Shrine is related to the Fujiwara clan, the flowers of Fuji (wisteria) are peerless. At Kokuu, when vermillion shrine halls, fresh green leaves and the purple wisteria flowers overlap, people find themselves at a loss for words to describe the beautiful vivid play of colors. A fawn was looking at us in the sacred precincts.

*According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Kokuu is from April 20 to May 5.","description_clean":"\"Sagari-Fuji (hanging down wisteria flowers),\" the crest of Kasuga Taisha Shrine is related to the Fujiwara clan, the flowers of Fuji (wisteria) are peerless. At Kokuu, when vermillion shrine halls, fresh green leaves and the purple wisteria flowers overlap, people find themselves at a loss for words to describe the beautiful vivid play of colors. A fawn was looking at us in the sacred precincts. *According to the 24 Solar Terms of Reiwa 3 (2021), Kokuu is from April 20 to May 5.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6042001/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["nature","spring","nara"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"documentary","pgm_id":"4001","pgm_no":"383","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001383/images/NcEwKpmkzLOuQSEIlGRjklTtAwKzKh7JvvNxf78t.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001383/images/iB6oPp4A9MYyo3OoRIpHoNsBmyr1flzj3VCx7PlB.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001383/images/93XFQdSSJQjq5A9dAVu2h919kdbV6QGGZR9knwk5.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["es","pt","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_4001_383_20210117001000_01_1610813549","onair":1610809800000,"vod_to":1692111540000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NHK Documentary_Dying Out of Sight: Hikikomori in an Aging Japan;en,001;4001-383-2021;","title":"NHK Documentary","title_clean":"NHK Documentary","sub_title":"Dying Out of Sight: Hikikomori in an Aging Japan","sub_title_clean":"Dying Out of Sight: Hikikomori in an Aging Japan","description":"It's estimated over a million Japanese live as \"hikikomori,\" recluses totally withdrawn from society. Some hikikomori may even go for decades without leaving their house. While in the past the phenomenon was most commonly associated with young men, recent data has revealed a much wider demographic of people whose confidence in themselves, and in society, has been shattered. As the parents or relatives hikikomori so often depend on entirely become too old to care for them, many now face a dire situation, left alone and unable to cope.","description_clean":"It's estimated over a million Japanese live as \"hikikomori,\" recluses totally withdrawn from society. Some hikikomori may even go for decades without leaving their house. While in the past the phenomenon was most commonly associated with young men, recent data has revealed a much wider demographic of people whose confidence in themselves, and in society, has been shattered. As the parents or relatives hikikomori so often depend on entirely become too old to care for them, many now face a dire situation, left alone and unable to cope.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/4001383/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":9,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["nhk_top_docs"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologyplus","pgm_id":"2032","pgm_no":"232","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032232/images/H063pYCLxogZ86nW3l33f4pxkzBSd8q8DbWl6QMg.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032232/images/NoN0hnmmufD9REIFhcE6EzCxXGA867jdTsmBWdUa.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032232/images/MjbzTNnldoJmHauJlSdz9OtW54Q806lgLhsnV6FT.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2032_232_20210513113000_01_1620875156","onair":1620873000000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus_Emergency Goods;en,001;2032-232-2021;","title":"Japanology Plus","title_clean":"Japanology Plus","sub_title":"Emergency Goods","sub_title_clean":"Emergency Goods","description":"*First broadcast on May 13, 2021.
The Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami left around 19,000 people dead or unaccounted for. It renewed Japan's sensitivity to the threat of natural disasters, and in the 10 years since then, a multitude of innovative emergency products and foods have been developed. This time, our theme is Emergency Goods. Our main guest, disaster mitigation advisor Kunizaki Nobue, introduces various useful items, and explains how Japan prepares for future catastrophes.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on May 13, 2021. The Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami left around 19,000 people dead or unaccounted for. It renewed Japan's sensitivity to the threat of natural disasters, and in the 10 years since then, a multitude of innovative emergency products and foods have been developed. This time, our theme is Emergency Goods. Our main guest, disaster mitigation advisor Kunizaki Nobue, introduces various useful items, and explains how Japan prepares for future catastrophes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032232/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"2029","pgm_no":"153","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029153/images/aEPfJJ4Vvpxi5VkxLIVHevIC2ueyuOWdHnVY9KBt.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029153/images/WxW6uzK8SzUfPpvlcUNuojBavlRPVQse2UWx2Msj.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029153/images/MPr4LID6aPzo723LsE1vJ3JMclESGAnMFGbtkuHM.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2029_153_20210513093000_01_1620867979","onair":1620865800000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Okudo-san: Traditional Cooking Stoves;en,001;2029-153-2021;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Okudo-san: Traditional Cooking Stoves","sub_title_clean":"Okudo-san: Traditional Cooking Stoves","description":"In Kyoto, traditional cooking stoves affectionately called Okudo-san were once the heart of the household and the focus of belief in the deity of fire. With the proliferation of electric rice cookers, the stoves began to disappear from use. Recently more people are forgoing convenience and learning the benefits of cooking on an open flame. Some still use their ancestors' stoves in their businesses. Discover how people are reevaluating their lifestyles during the pandemic through their Okudo-san.","description_clean":"In Kyoto, traditional cooking stoves affectionately called Okudo-san were once the heart of the household and the focus of belief in the deity of fire. With the proliferation of electric rice cookers, the stoves began to disappear from use. Recently more people are forgoing convenience and learning the benefits of cooking on an open flame. Some still use their ancestors' stoves in their businesses. Discover how people are reevaluating their lifestyles during the pandemic through their Okudo-san.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029153/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"291","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019291/images/jg6hZBsLbAGUa97HMD7m2fRhmnL20VJqEycfIr6A.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019291/images/3jPRVgVRsCN1I1T4ZTwbRFuPhtk771udlTnyLg8r.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019291/images/LVt4GYB3FG3vdhWxWtyy4xUqdk5JsDmvWwdVzmUm.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_291_20210511103000_01_1620698795","onair":1620696600000,"vod_to":1715439540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Rika's TOKYO CUISINE: Rolled Pork Roast with Shiso;en,001;2019-291-2021;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Rika's TOKYO CUISINE:
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about easy, delicious and healthy cooking with Chef Rika! Featured recipes: (1) Rolled Pork Roast with Shiso (2) String Bean Salad. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019291/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"763","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058763/images/lhuhA455jd1vR4EjyJcyJ5MJKVgueXwRyYzlX8B0.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058763/images/gDf9ORjie3CpaTmSV2FG6Ai7hTSBpvmou1ANqeIi.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058763/images/m6uFcLCVzq4nu62C0keTtGh6OcdSDTGsSxfR5ujO.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2058_763_20210507161500_01_1620372837","onair":1620371700000,"vod_to":1715093940000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_Braving Press Freedom: Maria Ressa / Journalist;en,001;2058-763-2021;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"Braving Press Freedom:
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Japanese started wearing Western clothing around 150 years ago, and today, suits are standard business attire. Our main guest, fashion journalist Yamamoto Teruhiro, describes the history of men's suits, and talks about the unique culture that has evolved around them. We hear how modern suit makers are making improvements in cost and comfort. We also meet expert tailor Ueki Noriyuki, who talks about the functionality of his suits, and the meticulous techniques involved in making them.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on May 6, 2021. Japanese started wearing Western clothing around 150 years ago, and today, suits are standard business attire. Our main guest, fashion journalist Yamamoto Teruhiro, describes the history of men's suits, and talks about the unique culture that has evolved around them. We hear how modern suit makers are making improvements in cost and comfort. 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A freshly caught sea bream isn't simply red; its scales also have a beautiful opalescent blue sheen. Anglers who wish to catch it must brave rough seas and fast currents as they maneuver shrimp at the end of their lines to lure the fish. Some seasoned veterans prefer to wind up their line by hand without a reel! Join master anglers in their divine duel with the object of their fascination: the red sea bream.","description_clean":"Appearing at festivals and weddings, the red sea bream is an auspicious fish in Japan. A freshly caught sea bream isn't simply red; its scales also have a beautiful opalescent blue sheen. Anglers who wish to catch it must brave rough seas and fast currents as they maneuver shrimp at the end of their lines to lure the fish. Some seasoned veterans prefer to wind up their line by hand without a reel! 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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Buttered Clams and Broccoli Rice (2) Strawberry Shira-ae. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019290/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"traincruise","pgm_id":"2068","pgm_no":"023","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068023/images/cdkLxaHGe06PSC4h1eCZUaAcJIYBAtqLUjcUbmqR.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068023/images/udQBtcpwj2xxOx29Xp7AdUPtZu6UNLpxGyYYlhJe.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068023/images/hzjkV9sQLNnLpHnLoOj3iTql1TYMoECTTg9SP3rU.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","my","pt","vi","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2068_023_20210501111000_01_1619838329","onair":1619835000000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"44:00","movie_duration":2640,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Train Cruise_Legends along the Kyoto Tango Railway;en,001;2068-023-2021;","title":"Train Cruise","title_clean":"Train Cruise","sub_title":"Legends along the Kyoto Tango Railway","sub_title_clean":"Legends along the Kyoto Tango Railway","description":"We start our journey at Fukuchiyama, a transport hub in central Kyoto Prefecture, and head north through valleys to the Sea of Japan and Toyooka, across the border in Hyogo Prefecture. The Kyoto Tango Railway boasts various carriages, with attractive interiors, operating on its three lines. We stop to admire the spectacular view of the sea, learn about the culture and history from local residents, and visit places that appear in legends.","description_clean":"We start our journey at Fukuchiyama, a transport hub in central Kyoto Prefecture, and head north through valleys to the Sea of Japan and Toyooka, across the border in Hyogo Prefecture. The Kyoto Tango Railway boasts various carriages, with attractive interiors, operating on its three lines. We stop to admire the spectacular view of the sea, learn about the culture and history from local residents, and visit places that appear in legends.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068023/","category":[18],"mostwatch_ranking":804,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["train","kyoto","hyogo"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanrailway","pgm_id":"2049","pgm_no":"097","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049097/images/mqQozhfFYpskyH6tMWq6dVafUNMFg4aSt5I7gQ5D.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049097/images/2B0StQSXdvfLbcgrSCdBXo12EWxrHXPzNtlun5lN.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049097/images/Brbis9SVhTYc5JVsBKJ5au79LmqUeeRs2qgUeSy1.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2049_097_20210429233000_01_1619708691","onair":1619706600000,"vod_to":1714402740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan Railway Journal_Moka Railway: Pushing Forward with Steam;en,001;2049-097-2021;","title":"Japan Railway Journal","title_clean":"Japan Railway Journal","sub_title":"Moka Railway: Pushing Forward with Steam","sub_title_clean":"Moka Railway: Pushing Forward with Steam","description":"Moka Railway, which runs between Shimodate Station in Ibaraki Prefecture and Motegi Station in Tochigi Prefecture, began operating their tourist train, a Class C12 steam locomotive, in 1994, and opened the museum for retired steam engines in 2013. However, the cost to inspect and maintain the loco and facilities is expensive. Join us as we take a closer look at Moka Railway. See what they are doing to survive these difficult times and the challenges of preserving steam locomotives.","description_clean":"Moka Railway, which runs between Shimodate Station in Ibaraki Prefecture and Motegi Station in Tochigi Prefecture, began operating their tourist train, a Class C12 steam locomotive, in 1994, and opened the museum for retired steam engines in 2013. However, the cost to inspect and maintain the loco and facilities is expensive. Join us as we take a closer look at Moka Railway. 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Japan's top creative director Kashiwa Sato guides our presenters around his exhibition at The National Art Center, Tokyo. From the design of corporate logos we see every day to kindergartens, hospitals and regional industries - Sato has won acclaim for his work on brand strategy in a truly diverse array of fields. Explore the exhibition and the role design can play in the future.","description_clean":"Today's theme is Visualize. Japan's top creative director Kashiwa Sato guides our presenters around his exhibition at The National Art Center, Tokyo. From the design of corporate logos we see every day to kindergartens, hospitals and regional industries - Sato has won acclaim for his work on brand strategy in a truly diverse array of fields. 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The elegantly crimped texture makes it easy to dye. But with the proliferation of Western clothing, production has dropped to as far as 3% of the industry's heyday. The pandemic was an additional blow. Young artisans are exploring new materials to capture the world. Discover how this 300-year-old textile evolved and its ties with the ancient capital.","description_clean":"The Tango district in northern Kyoto Pref. is Japan's largest producer of a supple fabric, supplying 60% of the kimono industry. The elegantly crimped texture makes it easy to dye. But with the proliferation of Western clothing, production has dropped to as far as 3% of the industry's heyday. The pandemic was an additional blow. Young artisans are exploring new materials to capture the world. 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This episode looks at words related to cherry blossoms. Cherry trees have thrived in Japan for thousands of years, and they hold a special place in the hearts of many Japanese people. Various expressions relating to cherry blossoms have developed over time. Join poet, literary translator and long-time Japan resident Peter MacMillan and explore unique words and the culture behind them.","description_clean":"The Japanese language is rich in words and expressions influenced by nature, history and culture. This episode looks at words related to cherry blossoms. Cherry trees have thrived in Japan for thousands of years, and they hold a special place in the hearts of many Japanese people. Various expressions relating to cherry blossoms have developed over time. Join poet, literary translator and long-time Japan resident Peter MacMillan and explore unique words and the culture behind them.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2092002/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":1046,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["spring","cherry_blossoms"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"289","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019289/images/kGl7CfLYFGZm12BMHoREvM2G0dMLNfZT5e8zjjNm.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019289/images/n8860XTZiXjv3OZv50OEilfxAGokkrXGDEbh0nyB.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019289/images/urHcY4q9XKFrL0MwpyktRjdkHaiDjwXMNm3QeD90.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_289_20210427103000_01_1619489177","onair":1619487000000,"vod_to":1714229940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Rika's TOKYO CUISINE: Rika's Sushi Rolls;en,001;2019-289-2021;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Rika's TOKYO CUISINE:
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about easy, delicious and healthy cooking with Chef Rika! Featured recipes: (1) Easy California Rolls (2) Simple Hosomaki Rolls. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019289/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":708,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["sushi"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologyplus","pgm_id":"2032","pgm_no":"236","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032236/images/ZUAL8hIRbKMPbI2lkunvu9598TbcStN93CRLuLnx.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032236/images/AHE9uJRny5CyYmmoJ3byzWCl7IsWC7yId41Ecap2.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032236/images/DpDHlZLFpuOM7rtqAVAimJSoLRT6MMfKLdkwJhLv.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2032_236_20210422113000_01_1619060711","onair":1619058600000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus_Lacquerware;en,001;2032-236-2021;","title":"Japanology Plus","title_clean":"Japanology Plus","sub_title":"Lacquerware","sub_title_clean":"Lacquerware","description":"*First broadcast on April 22, 2021.
Lacquerware is made by coating objects with the sap of the lacquer tree. It's a traditional craft that dates back thousands of years. Lacquer offers incredible durability, as well as a distinctive luster that develops over time. Our main guest, Professor Hidaka Kaori, explains how production techniques are evolving to meet the needs of the modern world. We also see David Morrison Pike, an American potter, demonstrating Kintsugi, a technique that uses lacquer to repair broken ceramics.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on April 22, 2021. Lacquerware is made by coating objects with the sap of the lacquer tree. It's a traditional craft that dates back thousands of years. Lacquer offers incredible durability, as well as a distinctive luster that develops over time. Our main guest, Professor Hidaka Kaori, explains how production techniques are evolving to meet the needs of the modern world. We also see David Morrison Pike, an American potter, demonstrating Kintsugi, a technique that uses lacquer to repair broken ceramics.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032236/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":641,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologyplus","pgm_id":"2032","pgm_no":"235","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032235/images/JGMvQSLsUAY63DrAqQkowQBsyTrSGjIBO0FJf7MA.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032235/images/WV7CdggUtvwks1ZdOqn82KJzeDATVYQ85fuOc0MH.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032235/images/z6O48intbiIlf2tS9nDPr8X83CLYX4UheJvnxoje.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2032_235_20210408113000_01_1617851105","onair":1617849000000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus_Cleaning Tools;en,001;2032-235-2021;","title":"Japanology Plus","title_clean":"Japanology Plus","sub_title":"Cleaning Tools","sub_title_clean":"Cleaning Tools","description":"*First broadcast on April 8, 2021.
Japanese use a wide range of cleaning implements, from old-fashioned brooms to modern carpet rollers. There's always a dedicated tool for the job. Sometimes, those tools have a deeper meaning. Our main guest, museum researcher Watanabe Yumiko, explains their special significance, and talks about the evolution of Japanese cleaning tools over time. We also meet broom-maker Kanbara Ryosuke, who shows us how traditional handmade brooms are put together.","description_clean":"*First broadcast on April 8, 2021. Japanese use a wide range of cleaning implements, from old-fashioned brooms to modern carpet rollers. There's always a dedicated tool for the job. Sometimes, those tools have a deeper meaning. Our main guest, museum researcher Watanabe Yumiko, explains their special significance, and talks about the evolution of Japanese cleaning tools over time. We also meet broom-maker Kanbara Ryosuke, who shows us how traditional handmade brooms are put together.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2032235/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":989,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"timetoshine","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"722","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004722/images/ULal92IGatt69fOhrJ0W6ILblv4VRamOAyOHvphh.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004722/images/rED4GbLCbsfVAmCZiwwc9pQGIM4pxxxc1vQRrnnr.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004722/images/DPt5NjaZ9HVNsx6qHjKj2VbHjm2C7LJ0cnbHm7AV.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","vi"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3004_722_20210402233000_01_1617375866","onair":1617373800000,"vod_to":1712069940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Time to Shine: Vietnamese Technical Interns in Hokkaido;en,001;3004-722-2021;","title":"Time to Shine: Vietnamese Technical Interns in Hokkaido","title_clean":"Time to Shine: Vietnamese Technical Interns in Hokkaido","sub_title":"

","sub_title_clean":"","description":"There are currently more than 1.65 million foreign laborers working in Japan. 400,000 of them are from Vietnam, and close to half that number are technical interns, who have come to learn about Japanese technology. There are currently 10,000 technical interns in Hokkaido Prefecture, and more than half of them are Vietnamese. They are working to acquire many different types of skills. Dung, who has loved cars since he was little, works at a car supplies store in Kitami City in northeastern Hokkaido since 2017. He wants to learn about Japan's high level of vehicle maintenance technology and processes to help decrease the number of traffic accidents back home in Vietnam. Thao, who works in the neighboring town of Bihoro's agricultural co-op, came to Japan in 2017 as she was interested in learning about Japanese agricultural products and food safety. 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In this five-minute digest, we look at Konamon: flour-based cuisine. Two popular examples are takoyaki, spherical snacks made with octopus; and Okonomiyaki, vegetables, seafood and meat mixed with batter. Having existed for centuries, Konamon, evolved in the 19th century, then took off after the Second World War, becoming a firm favorite.","description_clean":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at Konamon: flour-based cuisine. Two popular examples are takoyaki, spherical snacks made with octopus; and Okonomiyaki, vegetables, seafood and meat mixed with batter. Having existed for centuries, Konamon, evolved in the 19th century, then took off after the Second World War, becoming a firm favorite.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032010/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":599,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3021-025"}],"tags":["food","osaka"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologymini","pgm_id":"6032","pgm_no":"009","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032009/images/ansEnEqJnPzyQNpqdHm6WWbBQHaPN71veHAOktmn.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032009/images/ttY7ClPftJzTAhFYuLh5Of35IHyG0zGlZuywpZKi.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032009/images/MXQDkXvGw6daNWT8O8ddgZ30Nozc8lPs41OxME5E.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6032_009_20210228105500_01_1614477724","onair":1614477300000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus mini_Japanese Dog Breeds;en,001;6032-009-2021;","title":"Japanology Plus mini","title_clean":"Japanology Plus mini","sub_title":"Japanese Dog Breeds","sub_title_clean":"Japanese Dog Breeds","description":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. 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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about easy, delicious and healthy cooking with Chef Rika! Featured recipes: (1) Shrimp Balls - Ebi Shinjo (2) Mixed Rice with Ebi (3) Shrimp Avocado Salad with Curried Tofu and Mayonnaise. 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In this five-minute digest, we look at rice cultivation. Introduced to Japan thousands of years ago, rice cultivation requires community effort and collaboration. Even today, most rice eaten in Japan is grown domestically. This means rice cultivation continues to be an essential part of Japanese society.","description_clean":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at rice cultivation. Introduced to Japan thousands of years ago, rice cultivation requires community effort and collaboration. Even today, most rice eaten in Japan is grown domestically. This means rice cultivation continues to be an essential part of Japanese society.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032007/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologymini","pgm_id":"6032","pgm_no":"006","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032006/images/hZ9uLHGks9CYWuyZGqzBdedQXpvbWLJi1ExMe6Lb.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032006/images/xdJPvgXIN5ho2Dvv9yE0HvEDJI1YZb9BCJY96yLY.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032006/images/ogPOu6RyFgtD1Gs3c85Sq8QQGYidtuY5na40JO4i.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6032_006_20210221165500_01_1613894517","onair":1613894100000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus mini_Deep-fried Food;en,001;6032-006-2021;","title":"Japanology Plus mini","title_clean":"Japanology Plus mini","sub_title":"Deep-fried Food","sub_title_clean":"Deep-fried Food","description":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at deep-fried food. This type of cooking is enjoyed as takeaway items and also made at home. Golden on the outside, and tender and juicy on the inside, deep-fried foods hold a special place in the hearts of Japanese people.","description_clean":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. In this five-minute digest, we look at deep-fried food. This type of cooking is enjoyed as takeaway items and also made at home. Golden on the outside, and tender and juicy on the inside, deep-fried foods hold a special place in the hearts of Japanese people.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032006/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanologymini","pgm_id":"6032","pgm_no":"005","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032005/images/fZgJRUxHiLCunDHsuJRrzgEKyZJHZgC4cI9TKu1y.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032005/images/tIsYFcRsdQQI1kQsOGRLmVW0jyqeOCAG62u7EmJV.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032005/images/10YdJ8cUt9nNQg0GUyHUOMmYpzSW0bzAD0IGC3Rl.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6032_005_20210221105500_01_1613872923","onair":1613872500000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japanology Plus mini_Bladed Tools;en,001;6032-005-2021;","title":"Japanology Plus mini","title_clean":"Japanology Plus mini","sub_title":"Bladed Tools","sub_title_clean":"Bladed Tools","description":"Japanology Plus explores Japanese life and culture. 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Made using incredible skill and traditional techniques, Japan's bladed tools even play an integral role in Japan's cuisine.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6032005/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"jflicks","pgm_id":"2036","pgm_no":"067","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2036067/images/btMwbx7ycd9dqT5U5NhK4n2wFqhBmXUsxvwbl4ay.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2036067/images/tszbKKOkCMjoKreE03d8YHC1mv3QTEG6vQqWA5Uw.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2036067/images/6slUBDiRfc2DH7aOanq8mjvTbOVDVaiehxTjnl3U.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2036_067_20210213081000_01_1613175009","onair":1613171400000,"vod_to":1708354740000,"movie_lengh":"31:20","movie_duration":1880,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;J-FLICKS_How to Watch Ozu;en,001;2036-067-2021;","title":"J-FLICKS","title_clean":"J-FLICKS","sub_title":"How to Watch Ozu","sub_title_clean":"How to Watch Ozu","description":"On this episode, we focus on one of the grandmasters of classic Japanese cinema, world-renowned filmmaker Ozu Yasujiro. We look at 3 of his earlier films, starting with \"There Was a Father,\" shot during World War II, as well as 2 of his pre-war silent classics: \"Passing Fancy\" and \"Dragnet Girl.\" Discussing the appeal of Ozu's works and offering advice for newcomers to his films on how to better appreciate them is our guest Markus Nornes, professor at the University of Michigan and one of the leading authorities on Japanese cinema. Also, don't miss our special guest, \"benshi\" narrator Koyata Aso, as she performs selected scenes from Ozu's silent masterpieces. In addition, we present Nishikawa Miwa's \"Under the Open Sky,\" winner of the Audience Choice Award at the 2020 Chicago International Film Festival.

[Navigator] Shizuka Anderson
[Guests]
Markus Nornes (Professor, Asian Cinema, University of Michigan)
Koyata Aso (Benshi Live Narrator)","description_clean":"On this episode, we focus on one of the grandmasters of classic Japanese cinema, world-renowned filmmaker Ozu Yasujiro. We look at 3 of his earlier films, starting with \"There Was a Father,\" shot during World War II, as well as 2 of his pre-war silent classics: \"Passing Fancy\" and \"Dragnet Girl.\" Discussing the appeal of Ozu's works and offering advice for newcomers to his films on how to better appreciate them is our guest Markus Nornes, professor at the University of Michigan and one of the leading authorities on Japanese cinema. Also, don't miss our special guest, \"benshi\" narrator Koyata Aso, as she performs selected scenes from Ozu's silent masterpieces. In addition, we present Nishikawa Miwa's \"Under the Open Sky,\" winner of the Audience Choice Award at the 2020 Chicago International Film Festival. [Navigator] Shizuka Anderson [Guests] Markus Nornes (Professor, Asian Cinema, University of Michigan) Koyata Aso (Benshi Live Narrator)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2036067/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2036-078"}],"tags":["film"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"284","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019284/images/AyCgibhMHyHdXrU4XzupRLFcYsBVO9d8deZIyJ2C.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019284/images/YeyhLFde7xLciwc3OFlZyeI0FbeZ1LOkZm77BDfC.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019284/images/p0lg7FxRAmqiDYN4RqnImdkdx0bKsVlC5Mzm4HuB.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_284_20210212233000_01_1613142277","onair":1613140200000,"vod_to":1707749940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Rika's TOKYO CUISINE: Aji - Deep Fried Fish and Asparagus;en,001;2019-284-2021;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Rika's TOKYO CUISINE:
Aji - Deep Fried Fish and Asparagus","sub_title_clean":"Rika's TOKYO CUISINE: Aji - Deep Fried Fish and Asparagus","description":"Learn about easy, delicious and healthy cooking with Chef Rika! Featured recipes: (1) Aji - Deep Fried Fish and Asparagus (2) Tangy Celery and Chicken Soup.

Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about easy, delicious and healthy cooking with Chef Rika! Featured recipes: (1) Aji - Deep Fried Fish and Asparagus (2) Tangy Celery and Chicken Soup. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019284/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"traincruise","pgm_id":"2068","pgm_no":"022","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068022/images/vmanKOtJjfgerQfxW4bkFSdbPMxGEtUWQoDTKXPu.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068022/images/9iv4IatmQUPeFFeYKQgXYNEiYieVao7q2XoGuu7D.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068022/images/RbO0y5oJwr2lPca28kWPrhdMm8DUI2v5Kg0mEDtE.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2068_022_20210206091000_01_1612573453","onair":1612570200000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"44:00","movie_duration":2640,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Train Cruise_Fukuoka: The Steely Backbone of Japan's Modernization;en,001;2068-022-2021;","title":"Train Cruise","title_clean":"Train Cruise","sub_title":"Fukuoka: The Steely Backbone of Japan's Modernization","sub_title_clean":"Fukuoka: The Steely Backbone of Japan's Modernization","description":"The imperial steelworks established 120 years ago in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Pref., on the southern island of Kyushu, drove Japan's modernization. And coal mined in the nearby Chikuho area fueled this industry. We visit old ironworks and coal mines along the railways that transported the coal, and eat a bento that has delighted travelers for a century. We meet a retired mechanic working to invigorate the area with railroad history and an ex-coal miner preserving its coal mining past for posterity.","description_clean":"The imperial steelworks established 120 years ago in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Pref., on the southern island of Kyushu, drove Japan's modernization. And coal mined in the nearby Chikuho area fueled this industry. We visit old ironworks and coal mines along the railways that transported the coal, and eat a bento that has delighted travelers for a century. We meet a retired mechanic working to invigorate the area with railroad history and an ex-coal miner preserving its coal mining past for posterity.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068022/","category":[18],"mostwatch_ranking":1166,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["train","fukuoka"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"culturecrossroads","pgm_id":"6036","pgm_no":"003","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6036003/images/jCvZX8L8jvlBnz5FmGS1TzjjLS6a6kwUWnfrdXqQ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6036003/images/bMDCIc5jcpUP47PWC9u5FAx3hTNJefdRFZQEyjGA.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6036003/images/v1l1JVcbN64KPKEpX75lLaurP1Ui3AgAIjEQ188u.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6036_003_20210204004000_01_1612367228","onair":1612366800000,"vod_to":1707058740000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Culture Crossroads_Dr. ISO's Pandemic History, Info & Tips: Social Distancing in the Heian Period;en,001;6036-003-2021;","title":"Culture Crossroads","title_clean":"Culture Crossroads","sub_title":"Dr. ISO's Pandemic History, Info & Tips: Social Distancing in the Heian Period","sub_title_clean":"Dr. ISO's Pandemic History, Info & Tips: Social Distancing in the Heian Period","description":"Girls brought up protectively in good families in the Heian period (794-late 12th) basically stayed socially distanced. Dr. ISO talks about the \"zoning concept\" of Japanese people.","description_clean":"Girls brought up protectively in good families in the Heian period (794-late 12th) basically stayed socially distanced. Dr. ISO talks about the \"zoning concept\" of Japanese people.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6036003/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-004"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-005"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-006"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-007"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-008"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-001"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-002"}],"tags":["coronavirus","history"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"culturecrossroads","pgm_id":"2084","pgm_no":"007","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084007/images/eDqhjkgoIXlAxYcpeWV6YiSMF9w8tusaK3ABskcP.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084007/images/4kcOFVuW4tlgtryVOr9Dl14v9FRxbFjQZS8OmHre.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084007/images/AZULyYRS0RMsmzXDfOzyj5HS7J9V5WHNPEgmfgDA.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","id","pt","th","vi"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2084_007_20210204003000_01_1612366958","onair":1612366200000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Culture Crossroads_BOSAI: Be Prepared - At-home Evacuation;en,001;2084-007-2021;","title":"Culture Crossroads","title_clean":"Culture Crossroads","sub_title":"BOSAI: Be Prepared - At-home Evacuation","sub_title_clean":"BOSAI: Be Prepared - At-home Evacuation","description":"In a disaster, with concerns over infectious disease or personal privacy, at-home evacuation is a consideration. We look at how to prepare your home and what supplies you need to have on hand.","description_clean":"In a disaster, with concerns over infectious disease or personal privacy, at-home evacuation is a consideration. We look at how to prepare your home and what supplies you need to have on hand.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084007/","category":[20,29],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"125","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054125/images/yHge0qMJWOadWLmaM2yE6xuujz32uvW4WjPvatsV.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054125/images/nmccHA4fgIWA2dIjr1w31ynP53gVNRjdmE1VGS7o.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054125/images/RLfcznBvKuDg3aKzYuOg4XfZ3UoXDKQgwhrAo7BF.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2054_125_20210203233000_01_1612364674","onair":1612362600000,"vod_to":1706972340000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_DAIKON;en,001;2054-125-2021;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"DAIKON","sub_title_clean":"DAIKON","description":"Daikon, Japanese radishes, are often over 30cm long, large and white, but there are also colorful types ranging from pink to green. They're an essential ingredient used in stews, salads, miso soup and more. We visit the Miura Peninsula, where half the daikon eaten in the Tokyo region are grown. There, we discover a \"curtain\" of thousands of daikon drying on a beach, soil supplemented with ground tuna, and the skills of those involved in daikon production. (Reporter: Jason Hancock)","description_clean":"Daikon, Japanese radishes, are often over 30cm long, large and white, but there are also colorful types ranging from pink to green. They're an essential ingredient used in stews, salads, miso soup and more. We visit the Miura Peninsula, where half the daikon eaten in the Tokyo region are grown. There, we discover a \"curtain\" of thousands of daikon drying on a beach, soil supplemented with ground tuna, and the skills of those involved in daikon production. (Reporter: Jason Hancock)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054125/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"daredevils","pgm_id":"3019","pgm_no":"131","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019131/images/8rlERvyfMiSSy9RVWJVtDMHI3mXwi9UvvoiWbWym.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019131/images/3BvRCW6yGDoUUGPcUCEiY0Bxz1KsQv6As1pvReEv.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019131/images/fPjlz4YbyItgIHHs6JYdjVCADrA8lOpPoSUhjC1S.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","th"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3019_131_20210203094500_01_1612314350","onair":1612313100000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;3-Day Dare*Devils_Keeping a Hawk Eye on the Sky!;en,001;3019-131-2021;","title":"3-Day Dare*Devils","title_clean":"3-Day Dare*Devils","sub_title":"Keeping a Hawk Eye on the Sky!","sub_title_clean":"Keeping a Hawk Eye on the Sky!","description":"Our challenger this time is Ayatar, Japan resident and Thai influencer.
Birds like pigeons and crows can cause real damage. Enter the 1,000-year-old profession of the Takajo, or Japanese falconer. Through their mastery of the fearsome hawk, they use traditional hunting techniques to drive avian pests from urban sites like factories. But will Ayatar be able to master the techniques needed in just 3 days?! His struggle for control over the skies has begun!","description_clean":"Our challenger this time is Ayatar, Japan resident and Thai influencer. Birds like pigeons and crows can cause real damage. Enter the 1,000-year-old profession of the Takajo, or Japanese falconer. Through their mastery of the fearsome hawk, they use traditional hunting techniques to drive avian pests from urban sites like factories. But will Ayatar be able to master the techniques needed in just 3 days?! His struggle for control over the skies has begun!","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019131/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["animals"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanrailway","pgm_id":"2049","pgm_no":"096","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049096/images/amqXWENJMgKKxu2xWjnsOn469clLa2HNkp7kMrEC.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049096/images/DKk7nzq9ImjThnlWHRSEgsTziugcdwnugCG8PoGs.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049096/images/YK01EKJTnQSi9HE8llYFjj68sC1pvz1ZYkuSfrta.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2049_096_20210129003000_01_1611849817","onair":1611847800000,"vod_to":1706540340000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan Railway Journal_Keeping Commuters Safe during the Pandemic;en,001;2049-096-2021;","title":"Japan Railway Journal","title_clean":"Japan Railway Journal","sub_title":"Keeping Commuters Safe during the Pandemic","sub_title_clean":"Keeping Commuters Safe during the Pandemic","description":"The coronavirus pandemic has changed the way people live and work. While many people are now working from home, many others are still commuting to work. Because of this, several companies have begun working on solutions to reduce crowding during rush hours. Keio Corporation and Tobu Railway have both begun working on reservation systems, while JR East has developed an app to check train congestion. Train companies are also considering changing fares during peak and off-peak times to ensure passenger safety and peace of mind in these challenging times.","description_clean":"The coronavirus pandemic has changed the way people live and work. While many people are now working from home, many others are still commuting to work. Because of this, several companies have begun working on solutions to reduce crowding during rush hours. Keio Corporation and Tobu Railway have both begun working on reservation systems, while JR East has developed an app to check train congestion. Train companies are also considering changing fares during peak and off-peak times to ensure passenger safety and peace of mind in these challenging times.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049096/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["train","coronavirus","tokyo"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"124","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054124/images/NsSby9XAINgRzSbeDhSWi79W1nAxdS9eYvpx540P.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054124/images/uG0kszeyNTLU3sy5RIP0YGYhZ6jbMk5fgU0hMcmZ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054124/images/GokS1HtSMxE6ujp5mYVV1w0F93hSFW0D8IpOGMHP.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2054_124_20210127233000_01_1611759879","onair":1611757800000,"vod_to":1706367540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_FUGU;en,001;2054-124-2021;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"FUGU","sub_title_clean":"FUGU","description":"Our focus today is fugu, or pufferfish. As one of Japan's great winter delicacies, it is eaten as nearly-transparent slices of sashimi, or in umami-packed hot pots. Even in seafood-loving Japan, fugu is a special treat that is among the most expensive fish. It's also known for containing lethal amounts of poison, requiring chefs to obtain a special license in order to prepare it. Dive in to learn more about the various methods devised to provide quality flavor while also ensuring safety. (Reporter: Kyle Card)","description_clean":"Our focus today is fugu, or pufferfish. As one of Japan's great winter delicacies, it is eaten as nearly-transparent slices of sashimi, or in umami-packed hot pots. Even in seafood-loving Japan, fugu is a special treat that is among the most expensive fish. It's also known for containing lethal amounts of poison, requiring chefs to obtain a special license in order to prepare it. Dive in to learn more about the various methods devised to provide quality flavor while also ensuring safety. (Reporter: Kyle Card)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054124/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":768,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3004-863"}],"tags":["seafood"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"daredevils","pgm_id":"3019","pgm_no":"130","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019130/images/qrroLhtGvi2LvP6Ml3oexY9VjDdp6ns5GbeYHxoq.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019130/images/EcAQOr3ijlmEW9jyXE87gxYnlyDSyKweJZcti9lw.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019130/images/RsFXiabyihxiAL7qrBN8aNVeaRHltgYsIqHonmP5.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","th"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3019_130_20210127094500_01_1611709456","onair":1611708300000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;3-Day Dare*Devils_Caring for the Aquarium's Fragile Jewelry;en,001;3019-130-2021;","title":"3-Day Dare*Devils","title_clean":"3-Day Dare*Devils","sub_title":"Caring for the Aquarium's Fragile Jewelry","sub_title_clean":"Caring for the Aquarium's Fragile Jewelry","description":"Our challenger this time is Ayatar, Japan resident and Thai influencer.
An Ikebukuro, Tokyo, rooftop aquarium is the setting for his harrowing mission. Alongside 8 aquarium keepers he'll have to scoop out a jaw - dropping 500 moon jellyfish one by one in buckets, clean the entire aquarium by hand, and return the jellies safely to their Tokyo rooftop home. With only 5 hours to finish the job, will they be able to succeed?","description_clean":"Our challenger this time is Ayatar, Japan resident and Thai influencer. An Ikebukuro, Tokyo, rooftop aquarium is the setting for his harrowing mission. Alongside 8 aquarium keepers he'll have to scoop out a jaw - dropping 500 moon jellyfish one by one in buckets, clean the entire aquarium by hand, and return the jellies safely to their Tokyo rooftop home. With only 5 hours to finish the job, will they be able to succeed?","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019130/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"takadakenzo","pgm_id":"5001","pgm_no":"322","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001322/images/AcS1ppdyzBvM6brDU2YEIRgFm1J3X0eK8SEdSuC7.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001322/images/SqoP4HlqCQgxD0Uld5Cl9tmmqAdV4oOP5LLbEp1W.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001322/images/Mx5oGRGfQhhXNuYLnUsBGL0MM5T6pLaD1eihXzFb.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["th","vi"],"voice_langs":["en","fr","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5001_322_20210123201000_01_1611403689","onair":1611400200000,"vod_to":1749913140000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;TAKADA KENZO Poet of Cotton;en,001;5001-322-2021;","title":"TAKADA KENZO Poet of Cotton","title_clean":"TAKADA KENZO Poet of Cotton","sub_title":"

","sub_title_clean":"","description":"In October 2020, Paris fashion designer Takada Kenzo died from complications of COVID-19. This came on the 50th anniversary year of his groundbreaking Paris debut. Why was Kenzo, the first Japanese to be dubbed \"the most creative designer in Paris,\" so beloved by the young Parisian fashion crowd? Shy but exuberant, the designer was known for his mischievous sense of fun. Friends, including Bunka Fashion College classmate and trusted confidante Koshino Junko, championed Kenzo's creative work throughout his life and career. According to those around him, \"No one loved clothes as genuinely as Kenzo did.\" Just 4 months before his death, Kenzo gave an extensive interview looking back on his illustrious career. From the interview and tributes by Koshino Junko, Shimada Junko and Jean Paul Gaultier, we follow the life and career of a singular genius.","description_clean":"In October 2020, Paris fashion designer Takada Kenzo died from complications of COVID-19. This came on the 50th anniversary year of his groundbreaking Paris debut. Why was Kenzo, the first Japanese to be dubbed \"the most creative designer in Paris,\" so beloved by the young Parisian fashion crowd? Shy but exuberant, the designer was known for his mischievous sense of fun. Friends, including Bunka Fashion College classmate and trusted confidante Koshino Junko, championed Kenzo's creative work throughout his life and career. According to those around him, \"No one loved clothes as genuinely as Kenzo did.\" Just 4 months before his death, Kenzo gave an extensive interview looking back on his illustrious career. From the interview and tributes by Koshino Junko, Shimada Junko and Jean Paul Gaultier, we follow the life and career of a singular genius.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5001322/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":989,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3016-153"}],"tags":["going_international","fashion"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"283","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019283/images/K5RQzvV3K2uQXzaWJQwlz2TqLKveDmZOyoLegzNq.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019283/images/ntOA2kF3nqpQbB1eHpyc7tMs1e4Qnt0Mw5q2iVZS.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019283/images/1Zf63pJs3L0T3cDdMx8KY1H9v3yWhSLlRct3YmNW.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_283_20210122233000_01_1611327915","onair":1611325800000,"vod_to":1705935540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Authentic Japanese Cooking: Akashiyaki (Egg Balls in Dashi);en,001;2019-283-2021;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Authentic Japanese Cooking:
Akashiyaki (Egg Balls in Dashi)","sub_title_clean":"Authentic Japanese Cooking: Akashiyaki (Egg Balls in Dashi)","description":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Akashiyaki (Egg Balls in Dashi) (2) Kayaku-Gohan (Flavorful Mixed Rice).

Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Akashiyaki (Egg Balls in Dashi) (2) Kayaku-Gohan (Flavorful Mixed Rice). Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019283/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"worldprime","pgm_id":"3016","pgm_no":"088","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016088/images/qbkomQxsc4NTeeTY4zUHzy8o34m118CA1Dcqt1kB.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016088/images/YzSmWbe7wnzzfL5XAvb7RZaRFd5x26igBMiBNNEi.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016088/images/aDusUbEgl5XUo784Wa7blPrZZgtO55HaGAZ1IKPJ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","fr","hi","id","ko","pt","th","vi","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_3016_088_20210116101000_01_1610938893","onair":1610759400000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NHK WORLD PRIME_3/11 - The Tsunami: The First Year;en,001;3016-088-2021;","title":"NHK WORLD PRIME","title_clean":"NHK WORLD PRIME","sub_title":"3/11 - The Tsunami: The First Year","sub_title_clean":"3/11 - The Tsunami: The First Year","description":"After the mega-tsunami hit Japan in 2011, survivors who'd lost everything struggled to recover. Many people lost not only their homes, but loved ones and livelihoods as well. Beloved traditions were in danger of disappearing. Rumors of radioactive crops devastated farms and fisheries. And many residents feared that those who'd been forced to evacuate would never return. Follow their year-long effort to rebuild their communities with exclusive footage filmed at the center of the disaster.","description_clean":"After the mega-tsunami hit Japan in 2011, survivors who'd lost everything struggled to recover. Many people lost not only their homes, but loved ones and livelihoods as well. Beloved traditions were in danger of disappearing. Rumors of radioactive crops devastated farms and fisheries. And many residents feared that those who'd been forced to evacuate would never return. Follow their year-long effort to rebuild their communities with exclusive footage filmed at the center of the disaster.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016088/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":583,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3016-087"}],"tags":["great_east_japan_earthquake","nhk_top_docs","natural_disaster"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"pandemichistory","pgm_id":"6036","pgm_no":"002","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6036002/images/zvhcJDmfbNfaVE95v34B7F7RKF7LEwqBYWPxjQXi.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6036002/images/4DohL0HwZ2N8EaJ9ZWKqn2RzE4y7YoUUyZLVSsWn.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6036002/images/sb0rO1LSJOoLPFzyPX5u5Fu48BPA0bZEI0imu2cW.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6036_002_20210114004000_01_1610552821","onair":1610552400000,"vod_to":1705244340000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dr. ISO's Pandemic History, Info & Tips_Epidemics in the Nara Period;en,001;6036-002-2021;","title":"Dr. ISO's Pandemic History, Info & Tips","title_clean":"Dr. ISO's Pandemic History, Info & Tips","sub_title":"Epidemics in the Nara Period","sub_title_clean":"Epidemics in the Nara Period","description":"A popular Japanese tourist spot, the Great Buddha at Todaiji Temple, is said to be constructed because of a major outbreak of smallpox. Dr. ISO explains why it occurred in the Nara period (710-794).","description_clean":"A popular Japanese tourist spot, the Great Buddha at Todaiji Temple, is said to be constructed because of a major outbreak of smallpox. Dr. ISO explains why it occurred in the Nara period (710-794).","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6036002/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-003"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-004"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-005"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-006"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-007"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-008"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-001"}],"tags":["coronavirus","history"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"culturecrossroads","pgm_id":"2084","pgm_no":"006","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084006/images/8S8hYy7oS4WSAqGm6A1s6mLh7xRX7NCisAkAbuy9.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084006/images/tIabmwzI0h5J0FiMbv8OrqE2snkIHtOtPIXbDXzA.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084006/images/Kq8FliogJTDBGGS4te1VnsAXcsE6w2rHgAsRtBpx.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","id","pt","th","vi"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2084_006_20210114003000_01_1610552602","onair":1610551800000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Culture Crossroads_BOSAI: Be Prepared - Learning from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake;en,001;2084-006-2021;","title":"Culture Crossroads","title_clean":"Culture Crossroads","sub_title":"BOSAI: Be Prepared - Learning from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake","sub_title_clean":"BOSAI: Be Prepared - Learning from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake","description":"A 1995 earthquake caused widescale destruction across Japan's Kansai region, resulting in the creation of a small broadcast FM station. 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We examine the role of such local broadcast systems.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084006/","category":[20,29],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["natural_disaster","hyogo"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"030","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078030/images/5nbsVFeeHAGeuBlZ1jFHMgzVfZBNMIf9HRJpTgU4.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078030/images/exgfevzfjj5RBerAKKK0vJQcvH4bIDJ3UoNKzxRA.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078030/images/WXO1HdFi5gPMeW68fljGnNZTHsg40ZxnuBH6gO8m.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","my","pt","vi","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2078_030_20210111094500_01_1610327034","onair":1610325900000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#30 Turning down a request for support politely;en,001;2078-030-2021;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#30 Turning down a request for support politely","sub_title_clean":"#30 Turning down a request for support politely","description":"Today: turning down a request for support politely. Wang Chihsun, from Taiwan, works as a pastry chef at an upscale American restaurant in Tokyo. He moved to Japan in 2015. Fascinated with Japanese sweets, he began studying to be a pastry chef. His dream is to one day open his own café in Taiwan. At his current job, he wants to learn how to communicate better with coworkers. To help, he'll take on a roleplay challenge where he must turn down a busy coworker's request for support.","description_clean":"Today: turning down a request for support politely. Wang Chihsun, from Taiwan, works as a pastry chef at an upscale American restaurant in Tokyo. He moved to Japan in 2015. Fascinated with Japanese sweets, he began studying to be a pastry chef. His dream is to one day open his own café in Taiwan. At his current job, he wants to learn how to communicate better with coworkers. To help, he'll take on a roleplay challenge where he must turn down a busy coworker's request for support.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078030/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"worldprime","pgm_id":"3016","pgm_no":"087","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016087/images/RXmhxxPYHBjIy2f2xxIXMLtbjx6mqofDjDnKtnAv.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016087/images/05Bi290h9uK1LKGrWvvrwxE47rnemTiNJTwFVhMb.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016087/images/1Qsc1oeK8SudIz3BYEyPsZuKyjnOIkT1ALtzzpCE.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["bn","en","es","fa","fr","hi","id","ko","pt","th","ur","vi","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"02_nw_vod_v_en_3016_087_20210109101000_02_1610419431","onair":1610154600000,"vod_to":2122124340000,"movie_lengh":"48:30","movie_duration":2910,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;NHK WORLD PRIME_3/11 - The Tsunami: The First 3 Days;en,001;3016-087-2021;","title":"NHK WORLD PRIME","title_clean":"NHK WORLD PRIME","sub_title":"3/11 - The Tsunami: The First 3 Days","sub_title_clean":"3/11 - The Tsunami: The First 3 Days","description":"Using footage shot at the center of the March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, we bring you a story of horror and heroism during one of history's worst catastrophes. Vast areas along Japan's Pacific coast were devastated. Entire communities were washed away and residents were forced to evacuate. An accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant created a radioactive no-man's-land. But in the days that followed, amid the chaos and confusion, countless people sprang into action to assist victims and search for survivors.","description_clean":"Using footage shot at the center of the March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, we bring you a story of horror and heroism during one of history's worst catastrophes. Vast areas along Japan's Pacific coast were devastated. Entire communities were washed away and residents were forced to evacuate. An accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant created a radioactive no-man's-land. But in the days that followed, amid the chaos and confusion, countless people sprang into action to assist victims and search for survivors.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3016087/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":86,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3016-088"}],"tags":["great_east_japan_earthquake","nhk_top_docs","natural_disaster"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"pandemichistory","pgm_id":"6036","pgm_no":"001","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6036001/images/cCOhV16TRPyAjkZqm7v7Fdz71m5rNmgrwHMDxjON.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6036001/images/05Cw01ZetHcJk1UZmLKDyPK3YxzX11NfgfSrEzWR.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6036001/images/AJ46jFrzVUOMeYMvtyLLFckR6GgbBayyknJGZzyf.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6036_001_20210107004000_01_1609948010","onair":1609947600000,"vod_to":1704639540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dr. ISO's Pandemic History, Info & Tips_Expelling Epidemics with Yokai;en,001;6036-001-2021;","title":"Dr. ISO's Pandemic History, Info & Tips","title_clean":"Dr. ISO's Pandemic History, Info & Tips","sub_title":"Expelling Epidemics with Yokai","sub_title_clean":"Expelling Epidemics with Yokai","description":"How can we associate better with COVID-19? Let's find the key by learning about the history of the infectious diseases Japan has experienced.

Drawing Yokai, supernatural creatures like goblins, together to get rid of an epidemic was a typical way to provide relief in the Edo period (1603-1868). Dr. ISO shows examples such as Amabie.","description_clean":"How can we associate better with COVID-19? Let's find the key by learning about the history of the infectious diseases Japan has experienced. Drawing Yokai, supernatural creatures like goblins, together to get rid of an epidemic was a typical way to provide relief in the Edo period (1603-1868). Dr. ISO shows examples such as Amabie.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6036001/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-002"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-003"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-004"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-005"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-006"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-007"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6036-008"}],"tags":["coronavirus","history"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"culturecrossroads","pgm_id":"2084","pgm_no":"005","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084005/images/4vuuJaqIKPcboWy1ZtKEB5KEbTkUTelaYLtpseIl.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084005/images/XUc8BxmRtccc2uV309NfhrcEGHIotTmDFxDeO8Jg.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084005/images/je73tAjoP9tjZO3H7lhqqi4Iwk07w8IHUJXaYQk8.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","id","pt","th","vi"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2084_005_20210107003000_01_1609947759","onair":1609947000000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Culture Crossroads_BOSAI: Be Prepared - Evacuation Shelters;en,001;2084-005-2021;","title":"Culture Crossroads","title_clean":"Culture Crossroads","sub_title":"BOSAI: Be Prepared - Evacuation Shelters","sub_title_clean":"BOSAI: Be Prepared - Evacuation Shelters","description":"When homes are lost or when danger comes, community-run evacuation centers are there. But who's eligible? What about provisions? And what are the rules? We'll take a closer look to find the answers.","description_clean":"When homes are lost or when danger comes, community-run evacuation centers are there. But who's eligible? What about provisions? And what are the rules? We'll take a closer look to find the answers.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084005/","category":[20,29],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["natural_disaster"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"123","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054123/images/MKnP7sNy5vdOqbj61plsDSLOhu0FW3SLjazr5UG0.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054123/images/n9PhFI0xoZb7on2ypJAKmlAAXWfUqAPFXr2O93sr.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054123/images/9ONONpmJfsgNHOkmPwzpEBzTYTNPbKOdqULfMX0m.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2054_123_20210106233000_01_1609945404","onair":1609943400000,"vod_to":1704553140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_AZUKI BEAN;en,001;2054-123-2021;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"AZUKI BEAN","sub_title_clean":"AZUKI BEAN","description":"Azuki beans are often sweetened, simmered and used in Japanese sweets. Their red color is said to ward off evil, and they're key at celebrations too. We visit an area in Hyogo Prefecture known for growing high-quality Azuki, and learn how artisans in Kyoto Prefecture put their skills to work making beautiful sweets that incorporate the beans. Learn all about Azuki beans, grown, eaten and beloved for over 5,000 years in Japan. (Reporter: Saskia Thoelen)","description_clean":"Azuki beans are often sweetened, simmered and used in Japanese sweets. Their red color is said to ward off evil, and they're key at celebrations too. We visit an area in Hyogo Prefecture known for growing high-quality Azuki, and learn how artisans in Kyoto Prefecture put their skills to work making beautiful sweets that incorporate the beans. Learn all about Azuki beans, grown, eaten and beloved for over 5,000 years in Japan. (Reporter: Saskia Thoelen)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054123/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["tradition","washoku","restaurants_and_bars","hyogo"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"728","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058728/images/txFpGmpTmutyBQB7Ybchnvklyk7hDTKuH6tqp9CD.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058728/images/1BoTeOexOGfdpRlN3yMfpN1bpdO1Gr1Zk31u9u9M.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058728/images/4MvrcBy6dohUm9hzKn1Ou6NgTbyf28MfvNvQM2xK.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2058_728_20210106161500_01_1609918407","onair":1609917300000,"vod_to":1704553140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_Believing in the Strength of the African People: Ogawa Shingo / Director of NGO Supporting Social Reintegration of Child Soldiers;en,001;2058-728-2021;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"Believing in the Strength of the African People: Ogawa Shingo / Director of NGO Supporting Social Reintegration of Child Soldiers","sub_title_clean":"Believing in the Strength of the African People: Ogawa Shingo / Director of NGO Supporting Social Reintegration of Child Soldiers","description":"In civil war-torn Uganda, over 30,000 children were abducted and forced to serve as fighters. 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Follow Ogawa Shingo's quest to reintegrate former child soldiers into society through vocational training.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058728/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"doctorsinsight","pgm_id":"2086","pgm_no":"018","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086018/images/hdlt8rjReUo7UPDpkGYMbRMSWbNaY6wnY2uppwzX.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086018/images/NeQV6B0lXjlH0wz5oxgzetIdCGudmPf2yiBAgpnQ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086018/images/KQvWn1f0ymNZCqp6zFAAWBJvhsNVflt4ER2m2wdm.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2086_018_20210105134500_01_1609822679","onair":1609821900000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Doctor's Insight_COVID-19: Mental Health Tips;en,001;2086-018-2021;","title":"Doctor's Insight","title_clean":"Doctor's Insight","sub_title":"COVID-19: Mental Health Tips","sub_title_clean":"COVID-19: Mental Health Tips","description":"The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a heavy toll on our minds. According to a survey by the CDC in the US, 40% of adults show symptoms of conditions such as anxiety disorder and depression. In Japan, experts are concerned about the growing number of people suffering from various mental disorders. We'll introduce a method of visualizing internal mental status that involves writing out your worries. Also, find out how to relieve stress effectively using stretching techniques and evidence-based mindfulness exercise. Learn helpful mental health tips from an expert to prepare for the stressful long-term fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.","description_clean":"The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a heavy toll on our minds. According to a survey by the CDC in the US, 40% of adults show symptoms of conditions such as anxiety disorder and depression. In Japan, experts are concerned about the growing number of people suffering from various mental disorders. We'll introduce a method of visualizing internal mental status that involves writing out your worries. Also, find out how to relieve stress effectively using stretching techniques and evidence-based mindfulness exercise. Learn helpful mental health tips from an expert to prepare for the stressful long-term fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086018/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["coronavirus","health"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"029","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078029/images/cr7GZkET8MEFWamhxn4EyMqwnuEIEzNOA7d9xBFN.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078029/images/ZFea8VOidiCyn3omimpxvMtzBtfqXIz8STtM7UBA.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078029/images/A4SL2YJqDTOHao5A7EAL8WkAwcOGDguloLYuFcAc.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","pt","vi","zh"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2078_029_20210104094500_01_1609722306","onair":1609721100000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#29 Reporting to a superior that a coworker is ill;en,001;2078-029-2021;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#29 Reporting to a superior that a coworker is ill","sub_title_clean":"#29 Reporting to a superior that a coworker is ill","description":"Today: reporting to a superior that a coworker is ill. Tran Dinh Thang, from Vietnam, is a technical intern who works at a construction firm in Kanagawa Prefecture. He builds scaffolding, and often works high off the ground. It's a physically demanding job, so keeping in good health is of vital importance. And if someone gets ill or hurt on the job, it's crucial to let a superior know. Thang-san will take on a roleplay challenge where he must report to a superior that a coworker is suddenly not well.","description_clean":"Today: reporting to a superior that a coworker is ill. Tran Dinh Thang, from Vietnam, is a technical intern who works at a construction firm in Kanagawa Prefecture. He builds scaffolding, and often works high off the ground. It's a physically demanding job, so keeping in good health is of vital importance. And if someone gets ill or hurt on the job, it's crucial to let a superior know. Thang-san will take on a roleplay challenge where he must report to a superior that a coworker is suddenly not well.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078029/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"282","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019282/images/Vy98rXKlYxYufDyZxViC2rf7j1gMx5rYvMojapv3.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019282/images/Sr2aKwSsPshtHDzEvmUVuP8jpMTYJc7fQGxk8aBC.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019282/images/V0NBz04Kw7g7zfbJRz5PADtEMt5kDX6i6rVuWVbv.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_282_20210101233000_01_1609513412","onair":1609511400000,"vod_to":1704121140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Authentic Japanese Cooking: Beef with Kombu Dashi Sauce;en,001;2019-282-2021;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Authentic Japanese Cooking:
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Beef with Kombu Dashi Sauce (2) Chrysanthemum-shaped Turnips. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019282/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"727","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058727/images/XVwBt5mnNfafzrpzlzYWApQx37smAsqrok6u8EkO.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058727/images/el0cLm7gkNbtW5xFlTrsmOKnoJdWWdXvDaYpMM54.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058727/images/GvJGMv1f29cIAla89hXiWjwPdnrE4nlZ5L79N1hZ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2058_727_20201231161500_01_1609400005","onair":1609398900000,"vod_to":1704034740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_Embracing a Passion for Art and Beauty: Agnès b. / Fashion Designer;en,001;2058-727-2020;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"Embracing a Passion for Art and Beauty:
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"In this second episode, we learn about Nagano's local specialties, as discovered by a chef who moved from Tokyo. Featured recipes: (1) Negi Miso Rolled Omelet (2) Cumin, Burdock and Rice (3) Sake Lees Gratin with Local Vegetables. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019281/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["nagano"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanrailway","pgm_id":"2049","pgm_no":"095","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049095/images/BuXItR7XEcAiGAMq6h0BFkeFOs1yHkGP7CBv7NGG.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049095/images/idP5ZnD1QeeYT4o5LQQiDRp09TuSb2JJwoVLgHNl.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049095/images/oclj9M14SbA9SUm8Eo2cvpfqnuT5D8XlVEsr46ZQ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2049_095_20201225003000_01_1608825868","onair":1608823800000,"vod_to":1703516340000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan Railway Journal_Reviewing the New Trains of 2020;en,001;2049-095-2020;","title":"Japan Railway Journal","title_clean":"Japan Railway Journal","sub_title":"Reviewing the New Trains of 2020","sub_title_clean":"Reviewing the New Trains of 2020","description":"Many new express, commuter and tourist trains, as well as a sleeper train, began service in 2020. See the latest express trains, including the Tokaido Shinkansen \"N700S,\" Kintetsu Railway's \"HINOTORI\" and JR East's luxurious \"SAPHIR ODORIKO.\" Also, see the tourist train \"etSETOra,\" which operates in the Setouchi region, and JR Kyushu's richly designed \"36 Plus 3.\" In addition, see the \"WEST EXPRESS GINGA,\" the first new sleeper train to be introduced in 21 years. Join us as we take a look back at Japan's latest trains and trends.","description_clean":"Many new express, commuter and tourist trains, as well as a sleeper train, began service in 2020. See the latest express trains, including the Tokaido Shinkansen \"N700S,\" Kintetsu Railway's \"HINOTORI\" and JR East's luxurious \"SAPHIR ODORIKO.\" Also, see the tourist train \"etSETOra,\" which operates in the Setouchi region, and JR Kyushu's richly designed \"36 Plus 3.\" In addition, see the \"WEST EXPRESS GINGA,\" the first new sleeper train to be introduced in 21 years. Join us as we take a look back at Japan's latest trains and trends.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049095/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["train"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"280","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019280/images/g3mvkSKCPClqyj5K93UJHItSTMtSxudDwXDgfMXV.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019280/images/ET1AnADJtZVzRN6mfWF02GE7kc0syVkkzIj275Zt.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019280/images/iknd4zYoPhAMZi04wi4Zcf8cvPCjv5l1QfMaR9If.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_280_20201218233000_01_1608303951","onair":1608301800000,"vod_to":1702911540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Cook Around Japan \"Nagano\": Water Complementing Rice, the Japanese Way;en,001;2019-280-2020;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Cook Around Japan \"Nagano\":
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"In this episode, we focus on Nagano Prefecture. It depicts the world of simple Japanese food created by the pure water that flows from the mountainous area. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019280/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["nagano"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"japanrailway","pgm_id":"2049","pgm_no":"094","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049094/images/09ZxJ95UOcbNzaM4scVGJMJP0ZjaCzKprv5Z9l3c.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049094/images/0wJl5kjzfh4Sbv224zyWo2MRlWgDXKIFW7boqOyw.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049094/images/pkQFSF4Fs82Ubg9X0pVrDcrl6eqy3I9eXJrwOcHm.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2049_094_20201218003000_01_1608221006","onair":1608219000000,"vod_to":1702911540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Japan Railway Journal_Tenryu Hamanako Railroad: Working with the Community to Revitalize the Railway;en,001;2049-094-2020;","title":"Japan Railway Journal","title_clean":"Japan Railway Journal","sub_title":"Tenryu Hamanako Railroad: Working with the Community to Revitalize the Railway","sub_title_clean":"Tenryu Hamanako Railroad: Working with the Community to Revitalize the Railway","description":"The 67.7km Tenryu Hamanako Railroad in Shizuoka Prefecture is a third sector railway that connects 5 cities and 1 town. The railway is famous for its railway heritage, remnants of which can be found along the line, such as a turntable and roundhouse, old station buildings and bridges, 36 of which are registered tangible cultural property of Japan. This year marks the railway's 80th anniversary, but the coronavirus pandemic has seen ridership decline. See how Tenryu Hamanako Railroad is working with the local community to revitalize the area and make a comeback.","description_clean":"The 67.7km Tenryu Hamanako Railroad in Shizuoka Prefecture is a third sector railway that connects 5 cities and 1 town. The railway is famous for its railway heritage, remnants of which can be found along the line, such as a turntable and roundhouse, old station buildings and bridges, 36 of which are registered tangible cultural property of Japan. This year marks the railway's 80th anniversary, but the coronavirus pandemic has seen ridership decline. See how Tenryu Hamanako Railroad is working with the local community to revitalize the area and make a comeback.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049094/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["train"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"121","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054121/images/QXJfJjwdyZqzA1xBacrZXTemKpC8FnAvwUg4txzB.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054121/images/GQTRswglj9LvWO7kLx6Cymtg6ScHTTMOXbbL04Hf.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054121/images/YbF2pVK4uLzwXWhhvuKVtWExUjmc51p3i9bIdIvn.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2054_121_20201216233000_01_1608131070","onair":1608129000000,"vod_to":1702738740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_TOGARASHI PEPPER;en,001;2054-121-2020;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"TOGARASHI PEPPER","sub_title_clean":"TOGARASHI PEPPER","description":"Some 200 varieties of Togarashi peppers are cultivated in Japan, most of which are dried and used as spices. We visited the largest production site to lend a hand in the fiery red fields and discovered special techniques for enhancing pungency and umami. \"Super-spicy\" foods ranging from snacks to full meals are a recent craze in Japan. Find out more as our reporter stands up to the challenge! (Reporter: Janni Olsson)","description_clean":"Some 200 varieties of Togarashi peppers are cultivated in Japan, most of which are dried and used as spices. We visited the largest production site to lend a hand in the fiery red fields and discovered special techniques for enhancing pungency and umami. \"Super-spicy\" foods ranging from snacks to full meals are a recent craze in Japan. Find out more as our reporter stands up to the challenge! (Reporter: Janni Olsson)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054121/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"028","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078028/images/oZWudsJ7kn0KUA61FKFd0cRkf0GOw0H2sg6UCmnO.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078028/images/xQWTXG30rmrRnLFn0tNszvg4TMFS15njWG9nkWFP.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078028/images/bNxCxDfeH4PkdPy9rI9nApnuq6UenbT4E6DB688n.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","my","vi","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2078_028_20201214094500_01_1607907883","onair":1607906700000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#28 Checking that others have understood instructions;en,001;2078-028-2020;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#28 Checking that others have understood instructions","sub_title_clean":"#28 Checking that others have understood instructions","description":"Today: checking that others have understood instructions. Shang Yan, from China, works as a train cleaner in Tokyo. Her company, which is responsible for cleaning trains and station buildings, employs 220 foreign workers. Shang Yan-san leads a team of 5 cleaners. She joined her current company out of a desire to keep Tokyo sparkling clean. Now that she's a leader, she needs to be able to check that others have understood instructions. To help improve, she tackles a roleplay challenge.","description_clean":"Today: checking that others have understood instructions. Shang Yan, from China, works as a train cleaner in Tokyo. Her company, which is responsible for cleaning trains and station buildings, employs 220 foreign workers. Shang Yan-san leads a team of 5 cleaners. She joined her current company out of a desire to keep Tokyo sparkling clean. Now that she's a leader, she needs to be able to check that others have understood instructions. To help improve, she tackles a roleplay challenge.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078028/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"279","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019279/images/QhsUxcBsrBcZkToj8z67jyKiDB07mwUpMnvYGpGx.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019279/images/ZIMksZQsuiQfWfiSwvnE05LVRBrxhq2rXIZBFWzt.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019279/images/PKMHHJBP8JXYb4cd909ahjPCZU2QbIs0HrTU7oBP.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_279_20201211233000_01_1607699087","onair":1607697000000,"vod_to":1702306740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Authentic Japanese Cooking: Squid and Nori Rolls (Isobe-age);en,001;2019-279-2020;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Authentic Japanese Cooking:
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Squid and Nori Rolls (Isobe-age) (2) Ankake Noodles with Mushrooms. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019279/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"120","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054120/images/ka1kXRdgMkeOLGgHLPU30XaLxoWHyFQVRZyAUDLU.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054120/images/EuIJSHUFACefk3YYt1FPtd1VnNntKE2Pthcc9W74.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054120/images/PQvLAd3nKGFgCdOv9RaHX2m19zg4KpkDLdBeJb2Z.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2054_120_20201209233000_01_1607526341","onair":1607524200000,"vod_to":1702133940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_PEANUTS;en,001;2054-120-2020;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"PEANUTS","sub_title_clean":"PEANUTS","description":"In Japan, peanuts are often eaten as-is, without flavoring or processing. That's because consumers want to taste the peanuts' own sweet, aromatic flavor. This time, we visit Japan's largest peanut production area, Chiba Prefecture, and learn about a traditional, machine-free drying method that gets the most sweetness out of the peanuts. We also sample a variety of local peanut dishes, meet scientists who spend some 15 years perfecting each new variety, and even try peanut ramen! (Reporter: Jason Hancock)","description_clean":"In Japan, peanuts are often eaten as-is, without flavoring or processing. That's because consumers want to taste the peanuts' own sweet, aromatic flavor. This time, we visit Japan's largest peanut production area, Chiba Prefecture, and learn about a traditional, machine-free drying method that gets the most sweetness out of the peanuts. We also sample a variety of local peanut dishes, meet scientists who spend some 15 years perfecting each new variety, and even try peanut ramen! (Reporter: Jason Hancock)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054120/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"715","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058715/images/ogKMlivNVw594KXQgBJhX9ruMdua78zK7LgXGEpb.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058715/images/9fZa06jGdADEt6Pke1CMhKqxJt8iZQwEFnVbe3X8.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058715/images/kCndFXkNOGVXWUe9JuPyyI0rGjutG3Psm27zWWKB.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2058_715_20201209161500_01_1607499248","onair":1607498100000,"vod_to":1702133940000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_Command Your Spaceship in Isolation: Chris Hadfield / Former Astronaut;en,001;2058-715-2020;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"Command Your Spaceship in Isolation:
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He shares his tips on how to survive and thrive in the long-running pandemic.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058715/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["vision_vibes","innovators"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"027","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078027/images/Y08KNlQPTJh0cjPLdcE7DiSLx2hUl7Xa9g0vVrgH.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078027/images/Z5O34RJYQbOndfhMBCGo2GqjdzKngWiD71zKBa0k.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078027/images/zCVlyYJynpaSsTx622DCfSWRdR73YrFjexEItosO.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","my","vi","zh"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2078_027_20201207094500_01_1607303044","onair":1607301900000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#27 Asking others for favors;en,001;2078-027-2020;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#27 Asking others for favors","sub_title_clean":"#27 Asking others for favors","description":"Today: asking others for favors. 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To improve, she tackles a roleplay challenge.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078027/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"hometown","pgm_id":"5003","pgm_no":"155","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003155/images/5KO5LGMMQQudBMULURYoEkLbS21G3YVquzxIJqN2.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003155/images/FFhgzOkeCvHsjPlw6ZBrXlOxCAD7ir4zit9MteTB.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003155/images/8clb1AP6wANtmC112yJIVxP4hUu60ffnEujbdDqQ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":["zh","zt"],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_5003_155_20201206091000_01_1607215355","onair":1607213400000,"vod_to":1701874740000,"movie_lengh":"25:15","movie_duration":1515,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Hometown Stories_Drawing Our \"New Normal\";en,001;5003-155-2020;","title":"Hometown Stories","title_clean":"Hometown Stories","sub_title":"Drawing Our \"New Normal\"","sub_title_clean":"Drawing Our \"New Normal\"","description":"In 2020, an annual manga comic championship for high schoolers goes online for the first time due to COVID-19. The virtual format disappoints students who are eager to meet their peers from around Japan. There are other challenges. The leader at one school's manga club struggles to make new members feel like part of the team. And a student who faced bullying in the past wrestles with self-doubt and anxiety. Yet as they tackle the contest's theme -- life's \"new normal\" -- the young artists are pushed to reflect, and to grow in new ways.","description_clean":"In 2020, an annual manga comic championship for high schoolers goes online for the first time due to COVID-19. The virtual format disappoints students who are eager to meet their peers from around Japan. There are other challenges. The leader at one school's manga club struggles to make new members feel like part of the team. And a student who faced bullying in the past wrestles with self-doubt and anxiety. Yet as they tackle the contest's theme -- life's \"new normal\" -- the young artists are pushed to reflect, and to grow in new ways.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/5003155/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["coronavirus","life_in_japan","manga","kochi"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"traincruise","pgm_id":"2068","pgm_no":"021","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068021/images/sI1tQl3nkwmvwkQIwNcXLvPhOLNWlPwVdyOUqLaq.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068021/images/qyqSg8GPsqE0WPBl3camL8FOPpKP9EUR42oaDduw.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068021/images/XO3MNgIKZ0av19EtGDgOckBZU06dOXujZjZWNPoq.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2068_021_20201205091000_01_1607130264","onair":1607127000000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"44:00","movie_duration":2640,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Train Cruise_Into the Depths of Mt. 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One service involves the idea of a \"workcation.\" JR West is now experimenting with packages that enable people to travel, stay and work in rural areas away from their homes in the city. To improve tourism, JR West has introduced a new tourist train called \"etSETOra.\" The high-speed cruiser \"SEA SPICA\" and the \"TWILIGHT EXPRESS MIZUKAZE\" will also resume operation. Join us as we discuss the future of the railway post-pandemic with JR West's president, Mr. Hasegawa Kazuaki.","description_clean":"JR West is developing new services in response to lifestyle changes brought about by the coronavirus pandemic. One service involves the idea of a \"workcation.\" JR West is now experimenting with packages that enable people to travel, stay and work in rural areas away from their homes in the city. To improve tourism, JR West has introduced a new tourist train called \"etSETOra.\" The high-speed cruiser \"SEA SPICA\" and the \"TWILIGHT EXPRESS MIZUKAZE\" will also resume operation. Join us as we discuss the future of the railway post-pandemic with JR West's president, Mr. Hasegawa Kazuaki.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049093/","category":[14],"mostwatch_ranking":1438,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["train","coronavirus","business_strategy"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"doctorsinsight","pgm_id":"2086","pgm_no":"016","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086016/images/IMsOkvn3KUZNH25uUvfeCOaUO5k15EHov9xN48FV.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086016/images/KVXjh2Qapd92Zn4KZc4jmQ9dLm0JYpvqpFwPK5mt.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086016/images/Gco3HOXqgYVMZOuQhkDoGMVAbepuJ4LJbVczfqLE.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2086_016_20201124134500_01_1606193892","onair":1606193100000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Doctor's Insight_Eye Diseases #5: Diabetic Retinopathy;en,001;2086-016-2020;","title":"Doctor's Insight","title_clean":"Doctor's Insight","sub_title":"Eye Diseases #5: Diabetic Retinopathy","sub_title_clean":"Eye Diseases #5: Diabetic Retinopathy","description":"The retina is a layer of tissue in the back of our eyes. 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Find out how to protect yourself from this silent killer of eyesight.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086016/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-017"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-012"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-013"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-014"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-015"}],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"278","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019278/images/Al3K436ieWIkr5vaBr4s25ykbjwpwUeTxM97MfPd.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019278/images/V2mnyGUBFxwP9jVJjRd8MrKLyyh7R8lQokPvIVSQ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019278/images/5GqqQOBLKrCRHVyPnos036CXnCJxq9TLzdOEQxfb.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_278_20201120233000_01_1605884684","onair":1605882600000,"vod_to":1700492340000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Rika's TOKYO CUISINE: Three Ways to Enjoy Homemade Udon Noodles;en,001;2019-278-2020;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Rika's TOKYO CUISINE:
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about easy, delicious and healthy cooking with Chef Rika! Featured recipes: (1) Homemade Udon Noodles (2) Homemade Udon Noodles with Poached Eggs (3) Homemade Udon Noodles with Black Sesame Sauce (4) Homemade Udon Noodles with Sudachi Citrus. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019278/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"026","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078026/images/g85Lhbi4NwjrhVOCkcNbtG7eqZD0WP3E3HrFq9ca.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078026/images/zkwjPgVcVYg7OSAbBQTztOCZsEJTTkGtii9rOUdA.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078026/images/cW8OsY0vuPmhgFw1aYixvKiPrZhiTWoDFBt6Ofil.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","vi","zh"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2078_026_20201116094500_01_1605488678","onair":1605487500000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#26 Cheering up a junior employee who is feeling down;en,001;2078-026-2020;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#26 Cheering up a junior employee who is feeling down","sub_title_clean":"#26 Cheering up a junior employee who is feeling down","description":"Today: cheering up a junior employee who is feeling down. Nyamjav Baljinnyam, or Baabii-san, from Mongolia, works in Chiba Prefecture. His company sells used luxury cars, and also performs maintenance. Baabii-san has admired Japanese cars ever since he was a child in Ulaanbaatar. He moved to Japan at age 20 and studied at an automotive school for 2 years. Now in his third year at his company, he's being asked to take on more responsibilities. To improve, he'll take on a roleplay challenge where he must cheer up a junior employee who is feeling down about a mistake.","description_clean":"Today: cheering up a junior employee who is feeling down. Nyamjav Baljinnyam, or Baabii-san, from Mongolia, works in Chiba Prefecture. His company sells used luxury cars, and also performs maintenance. Baabii-san has admired Japanese cars ever since he was a child in Ulaanbaatar. He moved to Japan at age 20 and studied at an automotive school for 2 years. Now in his third year at his company, he's being asked to take on more responsibilities. To improve, he'll take on a roleplay challenge where he must cheer up a junior employee who is feeling down about a mistake.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078026/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"277","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019277/images/fyU7fdnZDqMAIqqepbWHZyvrDc2QcdUK2m12nLXW.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019277/images/sOCqswf2SLFrurnYWJ5F5raF2Jg3SDNdD7D2f7W9.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019277/images/Qhu9LMgdiYcyluHRGF9SXFtGPhJUeiq06zNB3i7q.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_277_20201113233000_01_1605279888","onair":1605277800000,"vod_to":1699887540000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Authentic Japanese Cooking: Sukiyaki-don;en,001;2019-277-2020;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Authentic Japanese Cooking:
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Check the recipes.","description_clean":"Learn about Japanese home cooking with Master Chef Saito, based on traditional Japanese cooking techniques! Featured recipes: (1) Sukiyaki-don (Sukiyaki and rice bowl) (2) Nishiki Soup. Check the recipes.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019277/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"118","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054118/images/PUFmzYcEA88wqtvBMJnpVzuJAEoLunpjGK7h9FmI.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054118/images/ckly9Ygr7n31y950UVQrc0Fn8q4ApFlcYuSyTpVX.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054118/images/rc1HzprpKZ38Y1fzUsvB6tZ9IINzN1ggHCbXW8Vx.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2054_118_20201111233000_01_1605107071","onair":1605105000000,"vod_to":1699714740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_SESAME;en,001;2054-118-2020;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"SESAME","sub_title_clean":"SESAME","description":"Our focus this time is sesame. It's an indispensable part of Japanese cuisine, making the country a leading consumer. Whether used as-is, roasted, ground, or processed into oil, the Japanese have developed numerous ways to enjoy the savory aroma and texture of sesame seeds. They're also a key ingredient in Shojin Ryori, or vegetarian meals prepared for Buddhist monks. Discover the large role that tiny sesame seeds play. (Reporter: Dasha V)","description_clean":"Our focus this time is sesame. It's an indispensable part of Japanese cuisine, making the country a leading consumer. Whether used as-is, roasted, ground, or processed into oil, the Japanese have developed numerous ways to enjoy the savory aroma and texture of sesame seeds. They're also a key ingredient in Shojin Ryori, or vegetarian meals prepared for Buddhist monks. Discover the large role that tiny sesame seeds play. (Reporter: Dasha V)","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054118/","category":[17],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"025","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078025/images/lrswUQQlzei9xOZoycaysqyyoOTCpzuOC2z0p3bo.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078025/images/RqqasY4I1elO0rKuX6V2cwp5OclUnYjHHsLS5sWM.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078025/images/turX4yhgZOCh93FQ90vWxlesUt97liKw2EmXkrtD.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","vi","zh"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2078_025_20201109094500_01_1604883904","onair":1604882700000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#25 Making small talk with a client;en,001;2078-025-2020;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#25 Making small talk with a client","sub_title_clean":"#25 Making small talk with a client","description":"Today: making small talk with a client. Raphael Marso, from Germany, works at a company that makes manufacturing equipment. He moved to Japan after completing graduate school in Germany. Though still in his first year, he's been tasked with designing new products. He's finished a prototype for one of them, and is preparing to begin making presentations to potential clients. However, he still doesn't have any experience speaking with clients. To help, he'll take on a roleplay challenge where he must make small talk with a client he's meeting for the first time.","description_clean":"Today: making small talk with a client. Raphael Marso, from Germany, works at a company that makes manufacturing equipment. He moved to Japan after completing graduate school in Germany. Though still in his first year, he's been tasked with designing new products. He's finished a prototype for one of them, and is preparing to begin making presentations to potential clients. However, he still doesn't have any experience speaking with clients. To help, he'll take on a roleplay challenge where he must make small talk with a client he's meeting for the first time.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078025/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"traincruise","pgm_id":"2068","pgm_no":"020","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068020/images/uwwZMblvrWkwo11krEQDgfEwyHU38UUqzeG6vR8l.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068020/images/gtbqDy5BBdtsXcFF3OUAl0OKvwoVtC4aPPMYkpzU.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068020/images/N5Q23akYy4HYutRhGN763GIZJtxP7omzRW1OYhLH.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","my","pt","vi","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2068_020_20200104091000_01_1578100014","onair":1578096600000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"44:00","movie_duration":2640,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Train Cruise_Lake Biwa and Beyond;en,001;2068-020-2020;","title":"Train Cruise","title_clean":"Train Cruise","sub_title":"Lake Biwa and Beyond","sub_title_clean":"Lake Biwa and Beyond","description":"We travel from Kyoto Prefecture along the western coast of Lake Biwa and beyond to Tsuruga on the Sea of Japan. Admire the late fall scenery on the cable car and rope way to the peak of Mt. Hiei, where we catch a glimpse of Japan's largest lake. We visit vestiges of the locally funded, now-defunct Kojaku Railway, and we meet a blacksmith, an antique shop owner and a cooper who all relocated to the area. We arrive at Tsuruga, once the international train's boat connection to the Trans-Siberian Railway.","description_clean":"We travel from Kyoto Prefecture along the western coast of Lake Biwa and beyond to Tsuruga on the Sea of Japan. Admire the late fall scenery on the cable car and rope way to the peak of Mt. Hiei, where we catch a glimpse of Japan's largest lake. We visit vestiges of the locally funded, now-defunct Kojaku Railway, and we meet a blacksmith, an antique shop owner and a cooper who all relocated to the area. We arrive at Tsuruga, once the international train's boat connection to the Trans-Siberian Railway.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2068020/","category":[18],"mostwatch_ranking":741,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["train","nature","temples_and_shrines","amazing_scenery","shiga","kyoto","fukui"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"dwc","pgm_id":"2019","pgm_no":"276","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019276/images/GKrQfMpnj71inZqQazzpXRpXBFXf2oat39pIWBkz.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019276/images/gIdLdnbKmahflQxN1g6mJNGGrEvEjhGdBWv6jH0z.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2019276/images/YW8RnTSeJxaGclLOzIrlknLUXCtMYK9jHME7nyI3.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2019_276_20201106233000_01_1604675118","onair":1604673000000,"vod_to":1699282740000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Dining with the Chef_Rika's TOKYO CUISINE: Rika's Kakuni (Braised Pork Belly);en,001;2019-276-2020;","title":"Dining with the Chef","title_clean":"Dining with the Chef","sub_title":"Rika's TOKYO CUISINE:
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It helps practitioners better understand the emotions of patients and family, a matter of great importance in the COVID-19 era.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058698/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["vision_vibes","coronavirus","medical"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"culturecrossroads","pgm_id":"2084","pgm_no":"003","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084003/images/P6jLFm344RTQLBUJzT5soj4ihjcHpDVJUeQBvrez.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084003/images/Ms1nSdJaQhGqWFCxZ8aXTSVc5Rd8c1OCIWJ9ANWO.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084003/images/Qhjxqk8Rj1havVSHtbJFveGaRiTxw5NVITy00OMR.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","id","pt","th","vi"],"vod_id":"01_nw_vod_v_en_2084_003_20201105003000_01_1604504571","onair":1604503800000,"vod_to":1774969140000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Culture Crossroads_BOSAI: Be Prepared - Evacuation;en,001;2084-003-2020;","title":"Culture Crossroads","title_clean":"Culture Crossroads","sub_title":"BOSAI: Be Prepared - Evacuation","sub_title_clean":"BOSAI: Be Prepared - Evacuation","description":"When disaster strikes, you need to flee from danger, but where to, how, and what should you take? Walking around downtown Tokyo, learn about effective evacuation strategies.","description_clean":"When disaster strikes, you need to flee from danger, but where to, how, and what should you take? Walking around downtown Tokyo, learn about effective evacuation strategies.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2084003/","category":[20,29],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["natural_disaster"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"oishii","pgm_id":"2054","pgm_no":"117","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054117/images/1RJppraI8ZocKr5ck2CW2tEA4DOgZctEXsYghMQd.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054117/images/E1U5GCWMH2rtPnkFmffjEJh5l3eyFhGlj8jXu2P8.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2054117/images/dkzcAvVU0ZIHCmiwExapXpVpLa4YLBlcOKTNuiO6.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2054_117_20201104233000_01_1604502349","onair":1604500200000,"vod_to":1699109940000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Trails to Oishii Tokyo_SATO-IMO;en,001;2054-117-2020;","title":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","title_clean":"Trails to Oishii Tokyo","sub_title":"SATO-IMO","sub_title_clean":"SATO-IMO","description":"Sato-imo, eaten in Japan for some 3,000 years, is a type of taro, a root vegetable that grows in the tropics of Asia. Coming into season in autumn, Sato-imo have been used in sacred rites and other traditional rituals since ages past, and deeply rooted in Japanese culture. We learn how their unique, sticky texture and al dente mouthfeel make them essential for Japanese cuisine. Join us as we take a bite into healthy, low-calorie Sato-imo. (Reporter: Kyle Card)","description_clean":"Sato-imo, eaten in Japan for some 3,000 years, is a type of taro, a root vegetable that grows in the tropics of Asia. Coming into season in autumn, Sato-imo have been used in sacred rites and other traditional rituals since ages past, and deeply rooted in Japanese culture. We learn how their unique, sticky texture and al dente mouthfeel make them essential for Japanese cuisine. Join us as we take a bite into healthy, low-calorie Sato-imo. 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He has worked on more than 40 trains across Japan, including the luxury cruise train \"Seven Stars in Kyushu\" and JR Kyushu's Series 800 Shinkansen, as well as local railway trains such as Shinano Railway's \"Rokumon\" and Wakayama Electric Railway's \"Tama Train.\" His latest work, \"36+3,\" makes its debut in October. In this program, Mr. Mitooka shares his thoughts on how the railway will change after the coronavirus pandemic.","description_clean":"Internationally acclaimed industrial designer Mitooka Eiji is Japan's leading designer of railway vehicles. He has worked on more than 40 trains across Japan, including the luxury cruise train \"Seven Stars in Kyushu\" and JR Kyushu's Series 800 Shinkansen, as well as local railway trains such as Shinano Railway's \"Rokumon\" and Wakayama Electric Railway's \"Tama Train.\" His latest work, \"36+3,\" makes its debut in October. 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People with cataracts experience blurry or cloudy vision, glare and even double vision. In Japan, 60-80% of those in their 60s, 90% of those in their 70s and 100% of those over 80 years old are reported to have developed some degree of cataracts. This tendency is the same anywhere in the world regardless of race. The cause is found in the natural lens of the eye. Find out the mechanisms of cataracts and its latest treatment options.","description_clean":"What are cataracts? People with cataracts experience blurry or cloudy vision, glare and even double vision. In Japan, 60-80% of those in their 60s, 90% of those in their 70s and 100% of those over 80 years old are reported to have developed some degree of cataracts. This tendency is the same anywhere in the world regardless of race. The cause is found in the natural lens of the eye. 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We speak to founder Nancy Gianni as she continues her mission during COVID-19.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058693/","category":[16],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["vision_vibes","coronavirus","women_of_vision"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"doctorsinsight","pgm_id":"2086","pgm_no":"013","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086013/images/1i1Bjcz6nnCVZYV76a9FKiadiiC3FliMgpUqINuK.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086013/images/tBfy1UuYHfzZspeyPz5l6mbEmMsWRd3mo8fJMlzH.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086013/images/nACYMCcv6wmXz5YPFZCeyGtCwwF35eFYVrhWj2ME.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2086_013_20201020134500_01_1603169919","onair":1603169100000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Doctor's Insight_Eye Diseases #2: Myopia;en,001;2086-013-2020;","title":"Doctor's Insight","title_clean":"Doctor's Insight","sub_title":"Eye Diseases #2: Myopia","sub_title_clean":"Eye Diseases #2: Myopia","description":"The prevalence of myopia, or nearsightedness, is rapidly increasing worldwide and particularly in East Asia. The WHO estimates 1.3 billion people with myopia in 2000, 2.5 billion in 2020, and 5 billion people by the year 2050. Do you consider nearsightedness as a simple problem that can be corrected with prescription glasses or contact lenses? Recent studies have shown that myopia increases the risk of blindness. Find out the hidden risks of myopia and what we can do about it.","description_clean":"The prevalence of myopia, or nearsightedness, is rapidly increasing worldwide and particularly in East Asia. The WHO estimates 1.3 billion people with myopia in 2000, 2.5 billion in 2020, and 5 billion people by the year 2050. Do you consider nearsightedness as a simple problem that can be corrected with prescription glasses or contact lenses? Recent studies have shown that myopia increases the risk of blindness. 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Find out coronavirus tips that kidney patients can apply in their everyday lives from an expert in treating kidney disease.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086008/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-007"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-009"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-010"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-011"}],"tags":["coronavirus"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"kitchenwindow","pgm_id":"3019","pgm_no":"106","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019106/images/ZB0Eo5sLqlJmJrnQ3OUHQ9IltRMNO21d7nZq7fOU.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019106/images/lrMGsE7aHlRkAPPX8djnOlfgybUK8G99CcqJHcmH.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019106/images/qweSiX9shkVYTwcFl4jSTQfjzxcqnMDmPPP6yrID.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3019_106_20200624093000_01_1592959798","onair":1585096200000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Through The Kitchen Window_Shimi-konnyaku, Ibaraki;en,001;3019-106-2020;","title":"Through The Kitchen Window","title_clean":"Through The Kitchen Window","sub_title":"Shimi-konnyaku, Ibaraki","sub_title_clean":"Shimi-konnyaku, Ibaraki","description":"Shimi-konnyaku is a unique, naturally freeze-dried Japanese food, that would be able to be kept for 50 years. 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In the heyday, there were more than 50 producers in Hitachi-Ota, Ibaraki Prefecture, but it has been produced less and less because of the difficult work and harsh climate in winter. Toshi said, \"Someone must keep local traditions.\" For him, Shimi-konnyaku is not only an ingredient, but also it's full of memories of his hometown and family. Visit the family life and the scenery created by Shimi-konnyaku in a quiet village in the mountains.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019106/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":928,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-152"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-035"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-100"}],"tags":["local_cuisine","ibaraki"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"doctorsinsight","pgm_id":"2086","pgm_no":"007","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086007/images/SLaWiKf6PlkB9NxsyRwE8g7NkwPtE2GdDk6tJTZT.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086007/images/5kOSWhORQ0VIrRE5rfOMN9TGmN2DPMKh8EWSXI4E.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086007/images/8JtrQUc7BpOnefZgx5iVlXIep7ZPNO5pjC2aG6kb.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2086_007_20200623134500_01_1592888336","onair":1592887500000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"10:00","movie_duration":600,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Doctor's Insight_COVID-19: Reducing Your Risk of Serious Illness #1: Heart Disease;en,001;2086-007-2020;","title":"Doctor's Insight","title_clean":"Doctor's Insight","sub_title":"COVID-19: Reducing Your Risk of Serious Illness #1: Heart Disease","sub_title_clean":"COVID-19: Reducing Your Risk of Serious Illness #1: Heart Disease","description":"COVID-19 poses a higher risk of serious illness for people with underlying conditions. Recent studies show that heart patients particularly have a high mortality rate. People with heart failure, a form of heart disease, have symptoms similar to COVID-19 and this can lead to late detection of the infection. What are the signs to look out for? How can heart patients prevent serious illness? Find out tips on what people with heart conditions can do in their daily lives.","description_clean":"COVID-19 poses a higher risk of serious illness for people with underlying conditions. Recent studies show that heart patients particularly have a high mortality rate. People with heart failure, a form of heart disease, have symptoms similar to COVID-19 and this can lead to late detection of the infection. What are the signs to look out for? How can heart patients prevent serious illness? Find out tips on what people with heart conditions can do in their daily lives.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2086007/","category":[23],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-008"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-009"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-010"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"2086-011"}],"tags":["coronavirus"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"directtalk","pgm_id":"2058","pgm_no":"644","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058644/images/MwMuSTbx89r2xrbi3IMUmLXwuLdGfdcmDsEzW59A.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058644/images/d6vBAzvyFpPfHDoicG6h7DcP4qIxRuPNJPIDfQq8.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2058644/images/yMxuH9Yskzm9TSEGo7I7crPe6iEiVP4Z9HGauMB2.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2058_644_20200619161500_01_1592552042","onair":1592550900000,"vod_to":1687186740000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Direct Talk_Making a Difference: Rashvin Singh / Co-Founder of Biji-Biji Initiative;en,001;2058-644-2020;","title":"Direct Talk","title_clean":"Direct Talk","sub_title":"Making a Difference:
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To make efficient use of this precious water, local people have created a type of kitchen, Kabata, that's unique to this area. Inside of this kitchen, the beautiful water flows from a well. This water has been supporting people's lives for 300 years. We'll visit some families in Harie, and see how these people have been creating the circle of life.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019100/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":491,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-106"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-152"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-035"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"5001-353"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3016-101"}],"tags":["life_in_japan","local_cuisine","shiga"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"021","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078021/images/9FNP2tamsL682NmhjcxHFolEfAcYKj77c8s09oSq.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078021/images/z56PULbgZwfrvsZqvRMAyMQx1p2LwWrgfVJOxejN.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078021/images/nLpO5LMZX4WWPdMnK9FzUWjBS4MfgBs1klktkHny.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","vi","zh"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2078_021_20200608094500_01_1591578240","onair":1591577100000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#21 Asking a shop manager to follow orders from head office;en,001;2078-021-2020;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#21 Asking a shop manager to follow orders from head office","sub_title_clean":"#21 Asking a shop manager to follow orders from head office","description":"Kim Yeon-gyeong, from the Republic of Korea, works at a company that's helping a ramen chain spread throughout Japan. 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In a roleplay challenge, she has to relay a request from the head office to a franchise manager.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078021/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"anipara","pgm_id":"6027","pgm_no":"010","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6027010/images/QCsKrZSHyQSCIKDGA5tsiNEwQ5bk42wcuYaz7RV1.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6027010/images/atj2LQsrUVJWatFoRBaZv2Rdi2nmfXmHIp3nSZHR.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6027010/images/DZluDwDOijnQ0A3iQh9VwRKjNBh4M4oH0TRsUrob.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","fr","pt","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6027_010_20200601081500_01_1590967339","onair":1590966900000,"vod_to":1861887540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Animation x Paralympic: Who Is Your Hero?_Episode 10: Vision Impaired Marathon;en,001;6027-010-2020;","title":"Animation x Paralympic: Who Is Your Hero?","title_clean":"Animation x Paralympic: Who Is Your Hero?","sub_title":"Episode 10: Vision Impaired Marathon","sub_title_clean":"Episode 10: Vision Impaired Marathon","description":"The 10th installment of the project to convey the charm of the Para-Sports with a series of anime. 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The fascinating point of Boccia is that a diversity of people including people with severe impairments such as cerebral palsy, children and seniors can play together. The characters from \"Hotaru's Way\" also appear in the anime. The title music is written by a singer and songwriter Mao Abe.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6027009/","category":[25],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-010"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-011"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-001"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-002"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-003"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-005"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-006"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-007"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-008"}],"tags":["am_spotlight","inclusive_society","manga","anime"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"020","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078020/images/yOpP4S9uEFacHYH2Gm7c0BTGqf4G8pvDQU0H3LAd.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078020/images/iqJ83LGLwKpkF1vi9GDT2PhLBU5Bzpn3ieao2pF0.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078020/images/DjjRwniquYht7snfBW9zJe2M2bz1Tc9SVmACJuk9.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","pt","vi","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2078_020_20200511094500_01_1589159061","onair":1589157900000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#20 Telling passengers in a hurry that they may be late;en,001;2078-020-2020;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#20 Telling passengers in a hurry that they may be late","sub_title_clean":"#20 Telling passengers in a hurry that they may be late","description":"Andre Marcal Kanashiro, from Brazil, works as a driver at a taxi company in Tokyo. 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*\"Fly-fishing\" from the series \"One Thousand Pictures of the Ocean\" (c.1833) by Katsushika Hokusai","description_clean":"A group of anglers stand in a fast-moving, undulating river at the foot of a rugged cliff. They use \"drifting mosquito hooks\" to fish for a summer delicacy that was a favorite of the Edo townspeople. *\"Fly-fishing\" from the series \"One Thousand Pictures of the Ocean\" (c.1833) by Katsushika Hokusai","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030018/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"017","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030017/images/quhgd7pOtHTvZe6uLPXVuJMvtZ3Aef0ZDkTuObyE.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030017/images/Q2rKr7wvsRB6FsxT9ulWa5hQVVLtYJp5a6xWqT4L.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030017/images/slVLHGDcCMq1SSnNfUsgUGv1mfckJQTVr0Rcfqyn.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_017_20200413151500_01_1586758917","onair":1584856380000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_A Community Comes Together;en,001;6030-017-2020;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"A Community Comes Together","sub_title_clean":"A Community Comes Together","description":"In the Edo period, childbirth was a community affair, with the mother-to-be attended by a midwife and the women in her life. It was also characterized by unique customs and superstitions.

*\"The Birth of the First Child\" sheet 7 of the series \"Marriage in Brocade Prints, the Carriage of the Virtuous Woman, known as the Marriage series\" (c.1769) by Suzuki Harunobu","description_clean":"In the Edo period, childbirth was a community affair, with the mother-to-be attended by a midwife and the women in her life. It was also characterized by unique customs and superstitions. *\"The Birth of the First Child\" sheet 7 of the series \"Marriage in Brocade Prints, the Carriage of the Virtuous Woman, known as the Marriage series\" (c.1769) by Suzuki Harunobu","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030017/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"019","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078019/images/ONCWdcTP07KGpdCisJEvGZg8R7Jzr4bDdlGWxFS4.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078019/images/qzIZ5ojUF1VjbUc9plSmEqqdSeQDsI5KTKqIYSXn.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078019/images/5V1anX8MFVKf1Vbki6ACkjB2ocWhQG0FcCgzo3yJ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","pt","vi","zh"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2078_019_20200413094500_01_1586739877","onair":1586738700000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#19 Dealing with ambiguous complaints;en,001;2078-019-2020;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#19 Dealing with ambiguous complaints","sub_title_clean":"#19 Dealing with ambiguous complaints","description":"Wu Fei, from China, works as a co-manager of a Yakiniku restaurant in Tokyo. After graduating university, she moved to Japan in 2010 and began studying Japanese. She began working at this Yakiniku restaurant last year. Besides waitressing, she's responsible for store operations and training new staff members. Her Japanese is great, but sometimes she finds it hard to deal with ambiguous complaints from customers. She tackles a roleplay challenge to help her improve her customer service skills.","description_clean":"Wu Fei, from China, works as a co-manager of a Yakiniku restaurant in Tokyo. After graduating university, she moved to Japan in 2010 and began studying Japanese. She began working at this Yakiniku restaurant last year. Besides waitressing, she's responsible for store operations and training new staff members. Her Japanese is great, but sometimes she finds it hard to deal with ambiguous complaints from customers. She tackles a roleplay challenge to help her improve her customer service skills.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078019/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"016","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030016/images/cCc7pU8vKLNbM34PMHIH86JlvpclK2nBGYhpTfB1.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030016/images/gWo9dirJdw7zAtZxuXpgmAPfNHrqv0bLl9Smr0Of.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030016/images/RMMkLwgN8ZWE3nA3j7aRrRdanKCNjtb4f5nmXZPt.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_016_20200412175500_01_1586682121","onair":1584834780000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_The Building Blocks of Edo;en,001;6030-016-2020;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"The Building Blocks of Edo","sub_title_clean":"The Building Blocks of Edo","description":"Workers at a sawmill use the latest tools and their honed skills to prepare the building blocks of Edo life: long, narrow beams, bamboo stems and leftover wood stacked as high as buildings.

*\"Tatekawa in Honjo\" from the series \"Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji\" (c.1830) by Katsushika Hokusai","description_clean":"Workers at a sawmill use the latest tools and their honed skills to prepare the building blocks of Edo life: long, narrow beams, bamboo stems and leftover wood stacked as high as buildings. *\"Tatekawa in Honjo\" from the series \"Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji\" (c.1830) by Katsushika Hokusai","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030016/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"014","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030014/images/hfCurNS24eg5JMERUaYRCFlPIWX6Vv0e2MTkPa6y.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030014/images/1EP47ByeiRUtsINylubE2lkp7qPrfGKceUUjV7Ar.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030014/images/FLN9kXFf49czkQCrOetNsPDaXwPKPQtxHzJXxIdv.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_014_20200411205500_01_1586606516","onair":1584788040000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_Doodles? Or Ukiyo-e?;en,001;6030-014-2020;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"Doodles? Or Ukiyo-e?","sub_title_clean":"Doodles? Or Ukiyo-e?","description":"A series of doodles by the famous artist Utagawa Kuniyoshi turn out to be carefully considered depictions of the kabuki actors of the day. What kind of artistic statement was he trying to make?

*\"Scribbles on a Warehouse Wall\" (1848) by Utagawa Kuniyoshi","description_clean":"A series of doodles by the famous artist Utagawa Kuniyoshi turn out to be carefully considered depictions of the kabuki actors of the day. What kind of artistic statement was he trying to make? *\"Scribbles on a Warehouse Wall\" (1848) by Utagawa Kuniyoshi","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030014/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"015","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030015/images/uLP8oJeqHQUFhfS6iPtQbqwMqSbj0UKJbHF7whSM.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030015/images/XlfwukODXwzNEcDaCvCg7sluGeNkkiRmXkOIFTem.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030015/images/314F4lesgTlJbKyEF2QpwLxj6EBDlEM8UKn0S1eG.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_015_20200411175000_01_1586595416","onair":1584813240000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_Mother Nature's Summer Light Show;en,001;6030-015-2020;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"Mother Nature's Summer Light Show","sub_title_clean":"Mother Nature's Summer Light Show","description":"We venture to the outskirts of Edo just after sunset, where a group of women and children have come to a stream to enjoy a popular summer activity. What could they be looking for among the weeds?

*\"Catching Fireflies\" (1796-1797) by Kitagawa Utamaro","description_clean":"We venture to the outskirts of Edo just after sunset, where a group of women and children have come to a stream to enjoy a popular summer activity. What could they be looking for among the weeds? *\"Catching Fireflies\" (1796-1797) by Kitagawa Utamaro","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030015/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"013","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030013/images/MW4xZtMFAriWzsLOFkjUi3XHP8D1AwvtzdDW99UH.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030013/images/8GmQ1KkFDDFYiYJwREV0LhKnUVbRcHwbpefWokbs.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030013/images/B2qrNSbwwQ5Y3nVUsTXcKLZV24rYj50bBuUhIHl7.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_013_20200410152300_01_1586500197","onair":1584783300000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_Eat, Drink and Enjoy the Flowers;en,001;6030-013-2020;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"Eat, Drink and Enjoy the Flowers","sub_title_clean":"Eat, Drink and Enjoy the Flowers","description":"We visit one of the most famous cherry blossom spots in Edo. Flower viewing parties were for eating, drinking and making merry. It was also an opportunity for young men and women to mingle.

*\"Flower Viewing at Mimeguri Shrine\" (1799) by Kitagawa Utamaro","description_clean":"We visit one of the most famous cherry blossom spots in Edo. Flower viewing parties were for eating, drinking and making merry. It was also an opportunity for young men and women to mingle. *\"Flower Viewing at Mimeguri Shrine\" (1799) by Kitagawa Utamaro","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030013/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["art","spring","cherry_blossoms"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"012","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030012/images/qaZuely84gFvBc4arkeidTJfDYEWsDYnJuubwx8R.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030012/images/tbDk121kv1qScXQAkgYw9qcR4CH3A2G9TiDZz7Ba.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030012/images/S08fKBJJ0Ie7kDLRx8tAZcvEe6GMuMDkDZRoEgKg.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_012_20200409152300_01_1586413809","onair":1584770040000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_A Secret Comes to Light;en,001;6030-012-2020;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"A Secret Comes to Light","sub_title_clean":"A Secret Comes to Light","description":"It's late at night, when all are fast asleep. A young man and woman huddle together along the veranda outside of a house, attending to a ... rooster. What could the pair be up to?

*\"Making the Rooster Drunk to Prevent His Crowing at Dawn\" (1767-68) by Suzuki Harunobu","description_clean":"It's late at night, when all are fast asleep. A young man and woman huddle together along the veranda outside of a house, attending to a ... rooster. What could the pair be up to? *\"Making the Rooster Drunk to Prevent His Crowing at Dawn\" (1767-68) by Suzuki Harunobu","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030012/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["art"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"011","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030011/images/z37tqx4QWW7iJJcIRMRrNV1NJYnnadRtJlnS3Flf.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030011/images/XaTE3lTKmcvRTWl668jRkMfCxzNYwZtArTlCn5W7.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030011/images/QBMoHD54ZKc3xvIY1UybSPgZ42WUZoSW6tWrNmUP.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_011_20200408152300_01_1586327426","onair":1584761700000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_Inner Conflict of the Human Soul;en,001;6030-011-2020;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"Inner Conflict of the Human Soul","sub_title_clean":"Inner Conflict of the Human Soul","description":"We visit the Yoshiwara district, Edo's most prominent pleasure quarters. Among the lavish spenders, courtesans and apprentices, small humanoid creatures scurry about -- what could they be up to?

*\"Good and Evil Influences in the Yoshiwara\" (c.1800) by Eishosai Choki","description_clean":"We visit the Yoshiwara district, Edo's most prominent pleasure quarters. Among the lavish spenders, courtesans and apprentices, small humanoid creatures scurry about -- what could they be up to? *\"Good and Evil Influences in the Yoshiwara\" (c.1800) by Eishosai Choki","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030011/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["art"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"010","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030010/images/TZ92EKCRxtponfmSvT7oxqtxuIDakoVzm1y064kk.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030010/images/fC3NYUiMn0vfxt0KYArmgEWbMWMpf04VzEwDRxJG.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030010/images/hGCcBEkZ7xSZAEGBaY55EsfHaMl0pQab4Ibi4peJ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_010_20200407152300_01_1586240998","onair":1584771780000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_A Summer Bedtime Routine;en,001;6030-010-2020;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"A Summer Bedtime Routine","sub_title_clean":"A Summer Bedtime Routine","description":"On those hot, humid summer nights, nothing can get in the way of sleep like mosquitoes on the hunt. We learn about the tools the Edo townspeople had at their disposal to fight the pesky insects.

*\"Woman beside a Mosquito Net,\" from the series \"Starlight Frost and Modern Manners\" (c.1819) by Utagawa Kunisada","description_clean":"On those hot, humid summer nights, nothing can get in the way of sleep like mosquitoes on the hunt. We learn about the tools the Edo townspeople had at their disposal to fight the pesky insects. *\"Woman beside a Mosquito Net,\" from the series \"Starlight Frost and Modern Manners\" (c.1819) by Utagawa Kunisada","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030010/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["art"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"009","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030009/images/TnNjNwqLJ02O3MIyEm1nQx3CfUEgFQUlytF4OLj0.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030009/images/d2oWz73RFrwSKQc92qgoZtPJBfb6sMijtSnNVaC9.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030009/images/ZqV1fg2mUEJEBCDizKK1Vs7cJa4bwmqhc2RqqrwT.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_009_20200406152300_01_1586154603","onair":1584748440000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_Braving the Rain and the Currents;en,001;6030-009-2020;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"Braving the Rain and the Currents","sub_title_clean":"Braving the Rain and the Currents","description":"Caught in an evening shower, Edo townspeople scramble across a bridge in search of shelter. On the river beyond, a lone figure steers his boat, unfazed by the rain. What is his destination?

*\"Sudden Shower over Shin-Ohashi Bridge and Atake,\" from the series \"One Hundred Famous Views of Edo\" (1857) by Utagawa Hiroshige","description_clean":"Caught in an evening shower, Edo townspeople scramble across a bridge in search of shelter. On the river beyond, a lone figure steers his boat, unfazed by the rain. What is his destination? *\"Sudden Shower over Shin-Ohashi Bridge and Atake,\" from the series \"One Hundred Famous Views of Edo\" (1857) by Utagawa Hiroshige","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030009/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["art"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"008","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030008/images/MJF6ebBvtc1Z68nRdHM40LOFVA51lgW5Si6PoL7j.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030008/images/4RaQwd4cJS4Jh9GDG0RiUzcdgBGjrhfTh6hT7TxM.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030008/images/DYSw25x2ggTdLaRvJptkWcM6MyBGqkr92CoThdzB.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_008_20200405175500_01_1586077320","onair":1584741300000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_Comfort Food on a Snowy Night;en,001;6030-008-2020;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"Comfort Food on a Snowy Night","sub_title_clean":"Comfort Food on a Snowy Night","description":"We come across a tranquil, snow-covered Edo cityscape. But there's something in the air -- the aroma of foods both sweet and savory that helped the townspeople keep warm in the winter.

*\"Bikuni Bridge in Snow,\" from the series \"One Hundred Famous Views of Edo\" (1858) by Utagawa Hiroshige","description_clean":"We come across a tranquil, snow-covered Edo cityscape. But there's something in the air -- the aroma of foods both sweet and savory that helped the townspeople keep warm in the winter. *\"Bikuni Bridge in Snow,\" from the series \"One Hundred Famous Views of Edo\" (1858) by Utagawa Hiroshige","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030008/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["art"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"006","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030006/images/lRR5H9S4osTTYOiyxSRXkwARE9KQPx870IqIEpLg.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030006/images/s4SChG77GJ20xghqQDlvQspxn8DaVRV90RnQ0e81.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030006/images/TzxfQeqC0e6Bk3LdEpuDq69I6An8WqVLVs1eVTra.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_006_20200404205500_01_1586001719","onair":1584720600000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_The Man with the Piercing Gaze;en,001;6030-006-2020;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"The Man with the Piercing Gaze","sub_title_clean":"The Man with the Piercing Gaze","description":"A man strikes a pose in an iconic woodblock print by the artist Sharaku. Who is the mysterious figure ... and what is he doing? And why did the artist want to commemorate the moment?

*\"The Actor Otani Oniji III as Edobei\" (1794) by Toshusai Sharaku","description_clean":"A man strikes a pose in an iconic woodblock print by the artist Sharaku. Who is the mysterious figure ... and what is he doing? And why did the artist want to commemorate the moment? *\"The Actor Otani Oniji III as Edobei\" (1794) by Toshusai Sharaku","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030006/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":349,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["art"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"007","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030007/images/Y1um38jj7Z0YUzcGTEXzNeYOQkNw9cBDHPRLyN0o.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030007/images/aNaEYLCfW0r0QlbnfQhOsnYVpQLbtJkg2WTUrIIU.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030007/images/VphsnG6iijkQSkibKyJXsS8AH82GfyXTKBzq9CQa.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_007_20200404175000_01_1585990613","onair":1584735000000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_Two Faces of Mount Fuji;en,001;6030-007-2020;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"Two Faces of Mount Fuji","sub_title_clean":"Two Faces of Mount Fuji","description":"We observe \"Red Fuji\" and \"Black Fuji,\" 2 dramatically different views of Japan's most famous mountain, captured by the artist Hokusai. What did Mount Fuji mean to the people of Edo?

*\"Southern Wind at Clear Dawn,\" \"Rainstorm beneath the Summit\" from the series \"Thirty-six views of Mount Fuji\" (1830-31) by Katsushika Hokusai","description_clean":"We observe \"Red Fuji\" and \"Black Fuji,\" 2 dramatically different views of Japan's most famous mountain, captured by the artist Hokusai. What did Mount Fuji mean to the people of Edo? *\"Southern Wind at Clear Dawn,\" \"Rainstorm beneath the Summit\" from the series \"Thirty-six views of Mount Fuji\" (1830-31) by Katsushika Hokusai","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030007/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":574,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3018-009"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3018-010"}],"tags":["mt_fuji","art"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"005","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030005/images/UMZ8ZjzhFaqX5UCkPlsc8oDi2yhAd6hwHKlvziSf.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030005/images/FBbm8JYlzUqyN7CUZpeFnJCti5ooUJ6VUZvr2wax.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030005/images/3Q3KE3kPnXqD2PeJVcVhx4bGWiI8nh9cc4LkNMMM.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_005_20200403152300_01_1585895398","onair":1522304580000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_Reproduction of Nihonbashi: Morning Scene by Utagawa Hiroshige;en,001;6030-005-2018;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"Reproduction of Nihonbashi: Morning Scene by Utagawa Hiroshige","sub_title_clean":"Reproduction of Nihonbashi: Morning Scene by Utagawa Hiroshige","description":"Mornings begin early for fishmongers and vegetable peddlers at Nihonbashi Bridge, and here is a reason. They are not going to bow to the lord's procession. The bustling scene from everyday Edo life.","description_clean":"Mornings begin early for fishmongers and vegetable peddlers at Nihonbashi Bridge, and here is a reason. They are not going to bow to the lord's procession. The bustling scene from everyday Edo life.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030005/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["art"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"004","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030004/images/zuAmTesTAgktO3YPBopbFhexaGtwp1OoIpT04Wte.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030004/images/1CNjLhlpNvheIPhIPRk2R8zxHSnV0K1CCxy5FGt0.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030004/images/LkAj0T3ffQRgtygyyCW3WZ6FqkkKRvkfcybEbVig.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_004_20200402152300_01_1585808997","onair":1522390980000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_Plum Estate, Kameido by Utagawa Hiroshige;en,001;6030-004-2018;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"Plum Estate, Kameido by Utagawa Hiroshige","sub_title_clean":"Plum Estate, Kameido by Utagawa Hiroshige","description":"With its splendid branches and white plum blossoms, this famous painting is known for captivating Van Gogh. Discover why people were able to tell this was a specific tree at Kameido Umeyashiki.","description_clean":"With its splendid branches and white plum blossoms, this famous painting is known for captivating Van Gogh. Discover why people were able to tell this was a specific tree at Kameido Umeyashiki.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030004/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["art"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"003","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030003/images/dYRD9UJDxA6bPqxMatKQ2JqIBHCjXXfsWSa6n6h9.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030003/images/pQAwAnrr2kzVb8jJ5h6dXC9cdEpKd2wUXVXpVWQ6.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030003/images/4GbsztNNFFgHzzUsgsaJsiWLTNHaL8VRjp8Uy4mM.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_003_20200401152300_01_1585722596","onair":1522390980000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_The Series Summer Outfits by Kitagawa Utamaro;en,001;6030-003-2018;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"The Series Summer Outfits by Kitagawa Utamaro","sub_title_clean":"The Series Summer Outfits by Kitagawa Utamaro","description":"At dusk in summer, a woman is absorbed in reading a letter. This chic lady is actually an advertisement model for Mitsui Echigoya, one of the top kimono fabric stores in Edo.","description_clean":"At dusk in summer, a woman is absorbed in reading a letter. This chic lady is actually an advertisement model for Mitsui Echigoya, one of the top kimono fabric stores in Edo.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030003/","category":[21],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["art","kimono"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"kitchenwindow","pgm_id":"3019","pgm_no":"035","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019035/images/ffi5SyvnbJC303s4XxBwtjBfARLLLp51UTbQ7FZX.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019035/images/GeObTTH80smdjVIsOz6g9pmjtRlPpA0EfYB5tfkw.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019035/images/ITICYuE0bzZPgR5OrdtKXlQjp1w4fsqk9qdhDutH.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_3019_035_20200401154500_01_1605753870","onair":1540341000000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Through The Kitchen Window_Akemi and Satsuki - Shojin Ryori, Buddhist Cuisine -;en,001;3019-035-2018;","title":"Through The Kitchen Window","title_clean":"Through The Kitchen Window","sub_title":"Akemi and Satsuki - Shojin Ryori, Buddhist Cuisine -","sub_title_clean":"Akemi and Satsuki - Shojin Ryori, Buddhist Cuisine -","description":"Sisters 69-year-old Akemi and 67-year-old Satsuki have embraced \"shojin ryori,\" a kind of vegetarian cuisine practiced by Buddhist priests. What might seem a strict diet has evolved into a project of passion. The sisters have spent 2 decades cooking up a wide repertoire of delicious recipes, which they now share at cooking classes. This program follows preparations for one lesson, and how, through \"shojin ryori,\" they've come to deepen their understanding of themselves and the world around them.","description_clean":"Sisters 69-year-old Akemi and 67-year-old Satsuki have embraced \"shojin ryori,\" a kind of vegetarian cuisine practiced by Buddhist priests. What might seem a strict diet has evolved into a project of passion. The sisters have spent 2 decades cooking up a wide repertoire of delicious recipes, which they now share at cooking classes. This program follows preparations for one lesson, and how, through \"shojin ryori,\" they've come to deepen their understanding of themselves and the world around them.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3019035/","category":[20],"mostwatch_ranking":464,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-100"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-106"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3019-152"}],"tags":["food","washoku","kanagawa"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"ukiyoeedolife","pgm_id":"6030","pgm_no":"002","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030002/images/lkBLkJDy5I7rYMbHrC22aBI9O9Afea0NYkPyAH3b.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030002/images/X7SEp5ZPkcdjqAM2kOAkICfKWGnedPQXD47WiSOV.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6030002/images/7ULMM9FceAA2Gwznf5yhbQElhgBE8acskqsFy4WB.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_6030_002_20200331152300_01_1585636220","onair":1522477380000,"vod_to":1901199540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE_Three Beauties of the Present Day by Kitagawa Utamaro;en,001;6030-002-2018;","title":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","title_clean":"Ukiyoe EDO-LIFE","sub_title":"Three Beauties of the Present Day by Kitagawa Utamaro","sub_title_clean":"Three Beauties of the Present Day by Kitagawa Utamaro","description":"The top 3 female celebrities in Edo: Tomimoto Toyohina, Takashima Ohisa and Naniwaya Kita. 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Long ago, it was believed that demons were contained by a huge boulder in the area, after which both the shrine and the area are named. In the late 1100's the shrine was built and the deity was transferred there, but it returns to the boulder on the day of the festival. Discover this 500-year-old festival through the preparations of the residents of Iwakura.","description_clean":"At 3 a.m. on October 22, 2 large pine torches over 10m long are lit to signal the start of the fire festival at Iwakura Jinja. Long ago, it was believed that demons were contained by a huge boulder in the area, after which both the shrine and the area are named. In the late 1100's the shrine was built and the deity was transferred there, but it returns to the boulder on the day of the festival. 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Dinh Thanh Huyen, from Vietnam, moved to Japan 4 years ago. She works as a care worker at a care facility in Ibaraki Prefecture. Dinh-san must often communicate directly with residents' family members. She wants to keep their feelings in mind while still relaying the facility's rules -- a task that requires a high level of Japanese ability! She will tackle a roleplay challenge where she explains facility rules to the family of a new resident.","description_clean":"Today: politely explaining rules. Dinh Thanh Huyen, from Vietnam, moved to Japan 4 years ago. She works as a care worker at a care facility in Ibaraki Prefecture. Dinh-san must often communicate directly with residents' family members. She wants to keep their feelings in mind while still relaying the facility's rules -- a task that requires a high level of Japanese ability! 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Valerii Praid, from Russia, is an IT engineer working at a start-up in Japan, where metal processing is mostly handled by smaller firms. Praid-san's company has an advanced system for generating quotes efficiently. He joined the company 2 months ago and is the only foreigner working there. He has tech and language skills, but how is his leadership? Praid-san will tackle a roleplay challenge where he poses as a manager helping a struggling subordinate.","description_clean":"Today: supporting a subordinate. Valerii Praid, from Russia, is an IT engineer working at a start-up in Japan, where metal processing is mostly handled by smaller firms. Praid-san's company has an advanced system for generating quotes efficiently. He joined the company 2 months ago and is the only foreigner working there. He has tech and language skills, but how is his leadership? 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Liu Yang, from China, works in sales administration at a Japanese adhesive company. She has been in Japan for 4 years but joined her company not long ago, in April 2019. Now, she is learning the ins and outs of sales administration. Although Liu-san has mastered essential business phrases, she finds it difficult to negotiate in Japanese. She will tackle a roleplay challenge to help her learn how to negotiate over the phone.","description_clean":"This episode is about handling difficult negotiations over the phone. Liu Yang, from China, works in sales administration at a Japanese adhesive company. She has been in Japan for 4 years but joined her company not long ago, in April 2019. Now, she is learning the ins and outs of sales administration. Although Liu-san has mastered essential business phrases, she finds it difficult to negotiate in Japanese. 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Frederic Miane, from France, is an engineer who works in AI robot development. He was with the French branch of a Japanese company before moving to Japan in January 2019. Now, he works at a Japanese company that makes drones. Frederic-san passed JLPT N3, but when it comes to complicated subjects he often switches to English or relies on his coworkers to interpret. He hopes to improve his communication skills. To do so, he will tackle a roleplay challenge.","description_clean":"This episode is about offering logical explanations. Frederic Miane, from France, is an engineer who works in AI robot development. He was with the French branch of a Japanese company before moving to Japan in January 2019. Now, he works at a Japanese company that makes drones. Frederic-san passed JLPT N3, but when it comes to complicated subjects he often switches to English or relies on his coworkers to interpret. He hopes to improve his communication skills. 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Chu Van Hung, from Vietnam, was hired 3 months ago to work at a manufacturing company. He works as a design assistant, using specialized software to make machine parts. After coming to Japan in 2015, he studied for a year at a language school and for 2 years at a trade school before landing his current job. Hardworking Chu-san will tackle a roleplay challenge where he is given more work than he can handle. How will he decide which tasks to take on?","description_clean":"This episode is about responding when you've been asked to do too many things. Chu Van Hung, from Vietnam, was hired 3 months ago to work at a manufacturing company. He works as a design assistant, using specialized software to make machine parts. After coming to Japan in 2015, he studied for a year at a language school and for 2 years at a trade school before landing his current job. Hardworking Chu-san will tackle a roleplay challenge where he is given more work than he can handle. 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Nguyen Truong Giang, from Vietnam, is an IT engineer who works at a marketing firm. Giang-san studied Japanese and programming in university. He moved to Japan in 2015 and now serves as a link between the Vietnam branch of his company and the Japanese headquarters. Giang-san's Japanese is good, but he still needs experience with phone manners. In a telephone roleplay challenge, what will he do when a call comes in for a coworker who is busy on another line?","description_clean":"This episode is about answering phone calls for others. Nguyen Truong Giang, from Vietnam, is an IT engineer who works at a marketing firm. Giang-san studied Japanese and programming in university. He moved to Japan in 2015 and now serves as a link between the Vietnam branch of his company and the Japanese headquarters. Giang-san's Japanese is good, but he still needs experience with phone manners. 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The city has begun to create Bosai communities through support from Japan.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/9106019/","category":[29,15],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["natural_disaster"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bosai","pgm_id":"9106","pgm_no":"018","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/9106018/images/VjTOvgFshO2XnXuseptHhWmGPf7IQy6zKIeB6yYY.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/9106018/images/bgLrHtE7fBBh2FuozrC7wnNX7wvKOxrYXHSO3KEx.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/9106018/images/APe38WolQVLOtByzDQjYKJeJlj7BgBLOLoocaBMV.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","id","ko","th","vi","zh"],"vod_id":"psOWo3aTE6wJUw_r1dYPYcUWJz1GRR8z","onair":1564016700000,"vod_to":1704034740000,"movie_lengh":"15:23","movie_duration":923,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BOSAI: An Educational Journey_Flood Edition 2: Japan's Traditional Ways of Reducing Risks;en,001;9106-018-2019;","title":"BOSAI: An Educational Journey","title_clean":"BOSAI: An Educational Journey","sub_title":"Flood Edition 2: Japan's Traditional Ways of Reducing Risks","sub_title_clean":"Flood Edition 2: Japan's Traditional Ways of Reducing Risks","description":"There is a Japanese technology for river levees invented over 450 years ago. 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We will introduce the traditional design that can still be used today around the world.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/9106018/","category":[29,15],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["natural_disaster"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bosai","pgm_id":"9106","pgm_no":"017","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/9106017/images/eFYflxvGFuLWYeOUKBXF8zeKx6AtAKeWXSI0ChzY.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/9106017/images/AfgvuzsJD9DJWXjveWESbchK4Ndb4GWxsIyS9bZQ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/9106017/images/CenGY1syWm3tRHsVVxnvE8ID4eNNAbz4cGJ2jNTg.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","ko","th","vi","zh"],"vod_id":"ZlOGo3aTE6J-ZLzHLPjbKl5H9KyQ1dPU","onair":1564016400000,"vod_to":1704034740000,"movie_lengh":"10:04","movie_duration":604,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BOSAI: An Educational Journey_Flood Edition 1: Actual Flood Risks;en,001;9106-017-2019;","title":"BOSAI: An Educational Journey","title_clean":"BOSAI: An Educational Journey","sub_title":"Flood Edition 1: Actual Flood Risks","sub_title_clean":"Flood Edition 1: Actual Flood Risks","description":"Currently, there is concern over the increasing risks of flood damage resulting from global warming. 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Large folding fans, or Ogi, were first used as symbols of nobility in Heian court rituals over 1,000 years ago. Later, smaller folding fans, or Sensu, were incorporated into festivals, the performing arts and tea ceremony, and came to be recognized as works of art embellished with gold, silver and lacquer. Still a part of life today, discover the cooling arts of Kyoto-made Sensu through the ages.","description_clean":"In Japan's humid summers, people cool themselves with fans that can be conveniently folded away. Large folding fans, or Ogi, were first used as symbols of nobility in Heian court rituals over 1,000 years ago. Later, smaller folding fans, or Sensu, were incorporated into festivals, the performing arts and tea ceremony, and came to be recognized as works of art embellished with gold, silver and lacquer. Still a part of life today, discover the cooling arts of Kyoto-made Sensu through the ages.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029111/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["crafts","tradition","summer","kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"012","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078012/images/3AXmaMOrj3IauCxBYsc7XGc9tAgumfgLI9PwWcZN.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078012/images/ENZq9KooNHKdusXBWotujexFsbbJPqAcLwxSWHHS.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078012/images/LqzPKsT2FYHZapUimp4sCdal6OZQ3WwIL5CAksLO.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","pt","vi","zh"],"vod_id":"BvdG40aTE6-t7EeC_btSrGuqIGtyjg6L","onair":1562546700000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#12 Asking for clarification;en,001;2078-012-2019;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#12 Asking for clarification","sub_title_clean":"#12 Asking for clarification","description":"This episode is about asking for clarification. Binod Gautam, from Nepal, studied in Aichi Prefecture before joining a car sales company, where he works as a mechanic. It's been 2 months since he started, and his coworkers are helping him learn the ropes. As a mechanic, it's important to catch even the smallest mistakes. Binod-san's superior worries that he doesn't ask for clarification when he doesn't understand. He will tackle a roleplay to help him clarify and confirm instructions.","description_clean":"This episode is about asking for clarification. Binod Gautam, from Nepal, studied in Aichi Prefecture before joining a car sales company, where he works as a mechanic. It's been 2 months since he started, and his coworkers are helping him learn the ropes. As a mechanic, it's important to catch even the smallest mistakes. Binod-san's superior worries that he doesn't ask for clarification when he doesn't understand. He will tackle a roleplay to help him clarify and confirm instructions.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078012/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"bosai","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"596","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004596/images/HcLIVtBIQwuG29yDuscZM8uGgSgFuKWWlc1ofQfU.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004596/images/YaNH6pJk3FGYMkZXdffMFA6MGKJjSzthFhGTeYfJ.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004596/images/zxYvuAryoaHbB0LCfGdf0ChFlRfaDEU6wkR4tilP.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"RzY2c0aTE60L6-aPLXUqMtkAJl4lkFl9","onair":1562368200000,"vod_to":1704034740000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;BOSAI: An Educational Journey_Flood Edition;en,001;3004-596-2019;","title":"BOSAI: An Educational Journey","title_clean":"BOSAI: An Educational Journey","sub_title":"Flood Edition","sub_title_clean":"Flood Edition","description":"Flood disaster has been a serious problem for Asia and other parts of the world. In recent years, damage is said to increase with climate change caused by urbanization and global warming. And now, we must step up our efforts to take measures against this problem. What is required for a more flood-resilient society? In this program, we'll introduce BOSAI efforts in Japan as well as new initiatives that began in India. On this journey, we will travel with experts to deliver a message for the future.","description_clean":"Flood disaster has been a serious problem for Asia and other parts of the world. In recent years, damage is said to increase with climate change caused by urbanization and global warming. And now, we must step up our efforts to take measures against this problem. What is required for a more flood-resilient society? In this program, we'll introduce BOSAI efforts in Japan as well as new initiatives that began in India. On this journey, we will travel with experts to deliver a message for the future.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004596/","category":[29,15],"mostwatch_ranking":2781,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3004-558"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3004-557"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3004-455"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3004-454"}],"tags":["natural_disaster"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"011","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078011/images/cRdS6m4akCkFLqb8VWdRpotTv35NYQdkkl5hOF9B.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078011/images/DFLQuTuDBSumI2lem05vypy16N3I8IB4u6TAKtDo.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078011/images/rpDhPjibIjpjEze4yUXPNaC37Oz53wRWnbn8x2KZ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","vi","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"k4OGQzaTE6Rku0TiSQ8qhlqPtes6IARd","onair":1561941900000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#11 Asking how to pronounce names;en,001;2078-011-2019;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#11 Asking how to pronounce names","sub_title_clean":"#11 Asking how to pronounce names","description":"This episode is about asking how to pronounce names. Whang Sunmyung works at a general trading company in Japan. Born in the Republic of Korea, he studied in China from the age of 13. Out of a desire to work on a global scale, he came to Japan to work at his current company. Now, Whang-san is taking Japanese lessons while on the job. His goal is to become a reliable businessman. To do so, he needs a way to ask how to pronounce a person's name, a valuable part of business manners in Japan.","description_clean":"This episode is about asking how to pronounce names. Whang Sunmyung works at a general trading company in Japan. Born in the Republic of Korea, he studied in China from the age of 13. Out of a desire to work on a global scale, he came to Japan to work at his current company. Now, Whang-san is taking Japanese lessons while on the job. His goal is to become a reliable businessman. To do so, he needs a way to ask how to pronounce a person's name, a valuable part of business manners in Japan.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078011/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":368,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"010","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078010/images/VqJStNdcY1Nqitx9WBg04wt8uLxkyAovLlxItwsC.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078010/images/tXGDrJlshGwcZcwswOZ3SsQYDGH5PvBt5lxcrNmr.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078010/images/5JRtcrv9tDWtG2ZVHQDwgbWKVrKHSihOZmDrWyTO.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","vi","zh"],"vod_id":"djZnR4aDE6l9atcpucHAxejNopPq_8-P","onair":1560127500000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#10 Offering support;en,001;2078-010-2019;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#10 Offering support","sub_title_clean":"#10 Offering support","description":"This episode is about offering support. To Quang Ngoc-san, from Vietnam, works at an IT company. A new coworker sits next to him, and Ngoc-san wants to help him with any trouble he might have. Ngoc-san originally worked in Hanoi before switching to his current job. His Japanese has improved thanks to the help of his senior, Tobishima-san. From greeting clients to understanding paperwork, Ngoc-san wants to pay forward the kindness he was shown, by becoming a great senior, Senpai, to his new coworker.","description_clean":"This episode is about offering support. To Quang Ngoc-san, from Vietnam, works at an IT company. A new coworker sits next to him, and Ngoc-san wants to help him with any trouble he might have. Ngoc-san originally worked in Hanoi before switching to his current job. His Japanese has improved thanks to the help of his senior, Tobishima-san. From greeting clients to understanding paperwork, Ngoc-san wants to pay forward the kindness he was shown, by becoming a great senior, Senpai, to his new coworker.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078010/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":2398,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"009","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078009/images/Zh965K1K4YiavqAMnj1HAwFgtUYRYtubHujY2cuY.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078009/images/ol0t5Lp34D5Yp2n3CpTgtBHhYTBUifjPTrl6Mz52.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078009/images/KNXaSFU1ODFX8BEgd33wJs0WVTTbP2bUdoKwCYOi.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","vi","zh"],"vod_id":"o5OWZ3aDE6oNSB_-EdyAklROnXotoZou","onair":1559522700000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#9 Asking questions using keego;en,001;2078-009-2019;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#9 Asking questions using keego","sub_title_clean":"#9 Asking questions using keego","description":"This episode is about asking questions using polite Japanese, \"keego.\" Irving Armenta-san, from Mexico, has trouble with \"keego.\" As a college student, he became a fan of a Japanese singer. To understand her songs, he attended a Japanese language school. Irving-san has no trouble with daily conversation. He works at an IT company with a casual atmosphere, where \"keego\" is not quite necessary. But soon, Irving-san will begin working at the clients' office 2 days a week. He will need to improve his \"keego!\"","description_clean":"This episode is about asking questions using polite Japanese, \"keego.\" Irving Armenta-san, from Mexico, has trouble with \"keego.\" As a college student, he became a fan of a Japanese singer. To understand her songs, he attended a Japanese language school. Irving-san has no trouble with daily conversation. He works at an IT company with a casual atmosphere, where \"keego\" is not quite necessary. But soon, Irving-san will begin working at the clients' office 2 days a week. He will need to improve his \"keego!\"","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078009/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"10yearshayaomiyazaki","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"594","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004594/images/w8btsCCGbbkbvE9WbHTJbDom3iLqwDQPHNL1ulyZ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004594/images/rNj4j1rYsMmZ2rMQw1nKiXUcjdNfm5PbXNxBb6NI.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004594/images/XvfmUjnqo8Mys5itIlVcAEb1gMw3kkglPBBs5U70.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","fr","id","pt","ru","th","vi","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"lrZ3Z1aDE6CzZmWv2pZ-PQ8_vaLS3IFT","onair":1558825800000,"vod_to":1779807540000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki_Ep. 4 No Cheap Excuses;en,001;3004-594-2019;","title":"10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki","title_clean":"10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki","sub_title":"Ep. 4 No Cheap Excuses","sub_title_clean":"Ep. 4 No Cheap Excuses","description":"An exclusive, behind-the-scenes look at legendary Japanese animator and director Hayao Miyazaki. For a decade, he allowed a single documentary filmmaker to shadow him. At age 72, he takes on a new challenge - one that would become the highly-acclaimed \"The Wind Rises\" (2013), Miyazaki's first film about a historical figure. Bringing the film from concept to reality turns out to be a long and difficult journey. In the process, Miyazaki grapples with tough questions about issues like aging, and the meaning of making animated films in a turbulent time.

This episode is the last of the 4-part documentary series, \"10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki.\" The entire series will be available on our video-on-demand site after the broadcast.","description_clean":"An exclusive, behind-the-scenes look at legendary Japanese animator and director Hayao Miyazaki. For a decade, he allowed a single documentary filmmaker to shadow him. At age 72, he takes on a new challenge - one that would become the highly-acclaimed \"The Wind Rises\" (2013), Miyazaki's first film about a historical figure. Bringing the film from concept to reality turns out to be a long and difficult journey. In the process, Miyazaki grapples with tough questions about issues like aging, and the meaning of making animated films in a turbulent time. This episode is the last of the 4-part documentary series, \"10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki.\" The entire series will be available on our video-on-demand site after the broadcast.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004594/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":171,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3004-569"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3004-581"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3004-593"}],"tags":["am_spotlight","war","manga","film","anime"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"anipara","pgm_id":"6027","pgm_no":"006","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6027006/images/Q49Rg09COQlNUOhNQW89XB4WZVEmHtCF7EqSDWiQ.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6027006/images/fipyP0IQTWkcxqItm7xAgSTETnwk6v6pEfs2cAlN.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6027006/images/vyeaeciR2HVVqivAe4jwqdAK2hs6kWe0PUGp4q2S.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","fr","pt","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"AzZmJzaDE6VQAM-S_4r8WnXRoo2Qme0w","onair":1557798900000,"vod_to":1861887540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Animation x Paralympic: Who Is Your Hero?_Episode 6: Vision Impaired Judo;en,001;6027-006-2019;","title":"Animation x Paralympic: Who Is Your Hero?","title_clean":"Animation x Paralympic: Who Is Your Hero?","sub_title":"Episode 6: Vision Impaired Judo","sub_title_clean":"Episode 6: Vision Impaired Judo","description":"This is the 6th installment of a short anime series showcasing the appeal of Para-sports, in collaboration with noted manga artists and popular musicians. This episode features vision impaired judo. Participants fight while gripping each other's uniforms and feeling their opponent's body movements. Matches always start with 2 competitors having a loose grip on each other's judo suits, so there is no grappling. The bouts are often decided when one player scores \"ippon\" or the winning point. Manga artist Katsutoshi Kawai, who has judo experience, has lent his talents to this sport's episode. He interviewed Junko Hirose, who won a bronze medal at the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games, and coaches of the vision impaired judo team. The story centers on a girl who gave up judo after losing her eyesight, but renewed her love of the sport by discovering its essence - mutual prosperity for self and others - through vision impaired judo. Singer-songwriter miwa composed the original theme song.","description_clean":"This is the 6th installment of a short anime series showcasing the appeal of Para-sports, in collaboration with noted manga artists and popular musicians. This episode features vision impaired judo. Participants fight while gripping each other's uniforms and feeling their opponent's body movements. Matches always start with 2 competitors having a loose grip on each other's judo suits, so there is no grappling. The bouts are often decided when one player scores \"ippon\" or the winning point. Manga artist Katsutoshi Kawai, who has judo experience, has lent his talents to this sport's episode. He interviewed Junko Hirose, who won a bronze medal at the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games, and coaches of the vision impaired judo team. The story centers on a girl who gave up judo after losing her eyesight, but renewed her love of the sport by discovering its essence - mutual prosperity for self and others - through vision impaired judo. Singer-songwriter miwa composed the original theme song.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6027006/","category":[25],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-007"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-008"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-009"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-010"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-011"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-001"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-002"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-003"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6027-005"}],"tags":["am_spotlight","inclusive_society","martial_arts","manga","anime"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"008","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078008/images/z71tJSGV3DJ56owGPCRLpNSMKp6469vHFM9ghHFz.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078008/images/4NdEMXrmsQ7dzQKRSRWRajPEVdt2bpxmD5GyOnl4.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078008/images/RxBHkhNGoI0EgL8vpCLUva1RmWJzIo93n5jAoX4G.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","my","vi","zh"],"vod_id":"xneDJzaDE6nUvOkA4nEISIq0Y92qRONj","onair":1557708300000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#8 Making suggestions;en,001;2078-008-2019;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#8 Making suggestions","sub_title_clean":"#8 Making suggestions","description":"This episode is about making suggestions. Marianne Paragua Culaniban-san has worked at a housekeeping company for 2 years. She's the longest-serving foreign member of staff and is looked up to by the 130 other Filipino workers. Her Japanese and cleaning skills make her a hit with customers! Her company would like her to take her service to the next level by making recommendations to customers. Marianne-san will tackle a roleplay to help her learn how to listen and make suggestions flexibly.","description_clean":"This episode is about making suggestions. Marianne Paragua Culaniban-san has worked at a housekeeping company for 2 years. She's the longest-serving foreign member of staff and is looked up to by the 130 other Filipino workers. Her Japanese and cleaning skills make her a hit with customers! Her company would like her to take her service to the next level by making recommendations to customers. Marianne-san will tackle a roleplay to help her learn how to listen and make suggestions flexibly.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078008/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":2142,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"007","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078007/images/sNuAV6l0J1tG2Vi2xgcY3OHaOwddR7cVpa8l8LEy.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078007/images/fl9iAlCOtmX1zMIV6CaPlbDI9EyxTQs4v9LiUOaY.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078007/images/7NWfDMKr3HrTRGO1yJFfaDuMUjJ9KeyUsfLUefd3.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","my","vi","zh"],"vod_id":"ZyaWtxaDE6-nKY_vh7QWt_Qt0zfoyLyV","onair":1557103500000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#7 Making apologies;en,001;2078-007-2019;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#7 Making apologies","sub_title_clean":"#7 Making apologies","description":"This episode is about making apologies. Loraine Paz Amoro Oledan-san moved to Japan at the end of 2018 to work at a housekeeping company. Starting next week, she will be responsible for cleaning actual homes. She knows how to carry out her work and has learned the Japanese phrases she will need to use. But you never know what unexpected things may happen! Loraine-san will tackle a roleplay to help her explain properly and apologize. She'll learn from experts what to focus on when she does this in Japan.","description_clean":"This episode is about making apologies. Loraine Paz Amoro Oledan-san moved to Japan at the end of 2018 to work at a housekeeping company. Starting next week, she will be responsible for cleaning actual homes. She knows how to carry out her work and has learned the Japanese phrases she will need to use. But you never know what unexpected things may happen! Loraine-san will tackle a roleplay to help her explain properly and apologize. She'll learn from experts what to focus on when she does this in Japan.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078007/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":1046,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"10yearshayaomiyazaki","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"593","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004593/images/anFxLxRk1sJhMMjzfhYVjfuZG9impLUkXeqlCYpk.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004593/images/ENGUxoZz0J1uoJF238aPiz7iJhGg3V1bcTpKMgkI.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004593/images/wLEkNrNCFAAs3VoUwZq7gASDW75dKBYKyg0WoXVV.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","fr","id","pt","ru","th","vi","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"hhZHBuaDE6a7-Au7xyuYf_BBFA4in30k_new01","onair":1555801800000,"vod_to":1776783540000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki_Ep. 3 Go Ahead - Threaten Me;en,001;3004-593-2019;","title":"10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki","title_clean":"10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki","sub_title":"Ep. 3 Go Ahead - Threaten Me","sub_title_clean":"Ep. 3 Go Ahead - Threaten Me","description":"An exclusive, behind-the-scenes look at the genius of legendary Japanese animator and director Hayao Miyazaki. For a decade, he allowed a single documentary filmmaker to shadow him. Sparks begin to fly as he and his son, Goro - an up-and-coming director - work on the film \"From Up on Poppy Hill\" (2011). In the final stretch, a massive earthquake and nuclear disaster rock Japan and leave the team in shock. Amid power outages, they decide they must pause their work. That's when Hayao puts his son's resolve as a director to the test.

This program is the third of a 4-part documentary series, \"10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki.\" Episode 4 will air on May 26 (JST), and the entire series will be available on our video-on-demand site after the broadcasts.","description_clean":"An exclusive, behind-the-scenes look at the genius of legendary Japanese animator and director Hayao Miyazaki. For a decade, he allowed a single documentary filmmaker to shadow him. Sparks begin to fly as he and his son, Goro - an up-and-coming director - work on the film \"From Up on Poppy Hill\" (2011). In the final stretch, a massive earthquake and nuclear disaster rock Japan and leave the team in shock. Amid power outages, they decide they must pause their work. That's when Hayao puts his son's resolve as a director to the test. This program is the third of a 4-part documentary series, \"10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki.\" Episode 4 will air on May 26 (JST), and the entire series will be available on our video-on-demand site after the broadcasts.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004593/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":243,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3004-594"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3004-569"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3004-581"}],"tags":["am_spotlight","film","anime"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"6024","pgm_no":"020","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024020/images/PxHOs4V1HLXkSJAmKFbZD3JvzvUyyCPJJyojyyxU.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024020/images/lVxRKH1LorD3GMc37G4N0ViMPsfjBETjxiaoUZKG.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024020/images/9puwg0dA9EahMiV9QzDwXb2xMfH0Gxlwd1iLu4OZ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"53OXgyaTE6Qx40Zmwf9G7ZxqNEsAGITo","onair":1553992500000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Core Kyoto mini The Culture of Gold Leaf: Gossamer Layers Beget Profound Beauty;en,001;6024-020-2019;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Core Kyoto mini The Culture of Gold Leaf: Gossamer Layers Beget Profound Beauty","sub_title_clean":"Core Kyoto mini The Culture of Gold Leaf: Gossamer Layers Beget Profound Beauty","description":"Gold leaf is just 0.1 micron thick, and almost translucent, but it has a lasting luster. Gilt craftsmen utilize its qualities to accent brocade, lacquerware, and Buddhist structures and statues. In the ancient court, a soft and muted finish was favored over glitter and gloss, and this cultivated a Kyoto aesthetic. Today tradition is a stepping stone to new art forms, while gold flakes embellish sake, coffee, and traditional sweets. Discover the gleaming appeal of gold leaf culture in Kyoto.","description_clean":"Gold leaf is just 0.1 micron thick, and almost translucent, but it has a lasting luster. Gilt craftsmen utilize its qualities to accent brocade, lacquerware, and Buddhist structures and statues. In the ancient court, a soft and muted finish was favored over glitter and gloss, and this cultivated a Kyoto aesthetic. Today tradition is a stepping stone to new art forms, while gold flakes embellish sake, coffee, and traditional sweets. Discover the gleaming appeal of gold leaf culture in Kyoto.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024020/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"6024","pgm_no":"019","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024019/images/ZUHkHxHrnd8Z41yjim113nNfbyVfUyMXutWm8h1T.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024019/images/DOropGU4ddj7TBOK8KxDGZdw5O6xMOiIfko30iPr.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024019/images/acJomxFsGnGJ1efOeQmDr42FnOTLhrz6941jmZe8.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"tzOXgyaTE6PKJHXvgE9YtVfKa59BUbGS","onair":1553982900000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Core Kyoto mini Fabric Pieces: Honoring the Past;en,001;6024-019-2019;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Core Kyoto mini Fabric Pieces: Honoring the Past","sub_title_clean":"Core Kyoto mini Fabric Pieces: Honoring the Past","description":"Kyotoites in days of old valued high quality fabric and woven textiles from abroad like gold. Pieces of these fabrics have been handed down and continue to fascinate people today. Their eternal beauty is preserved through repurposing as tea utensil pouches, tobacco holders, obi sashes and even as works of art. Weavers strive to learn the techniques used in days gone by in order to reproduce them. Discover the culture of reverence for the great beauty and skill to be found in old fabric pieces.","description_clean":"Kyotoites in days of old valued high quality fabric and woven textiles from abroad like gold. Pieces of these fabrics have been handed down and continue to fascinate people today. Their eternal beauty is preserved through repurposing as tea utensil pouches, tobacco holders, obi sashes and even as works of art. Weavers strive to learn the techniques used in days gone by in order to reproduce them. Discover the culture of reverence for the great beauty and skill to be found in old fabric pieces.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024019/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":null,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"6024","pgm_no":"018","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024018/images/oRLpYeHx9pfBBH75UADq8tES2FbsHfJ70sGk811Y.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024018/images/iBjtKwZtKBeYBa88VhpPK184RrcrRywefVQE39Wh.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024018/images/3PMAZYn6c7anYCoPspitqQUPbMxsj2euTluUIBu5.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"8wN3gyaTE67X7vwEhAwiHnQypsDLCVv2","onair":1553961300000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Core Kyoto mini The Changing Leaves: The transient fall beauty of the ancient capital;en,001;6024-018-2019;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Core Kyoto mini The Changing Leaves: The transient fall beauty of the ancient capital","sub_title_clean":"Core Kyoto mini The Changing Leaves: The transient fall beauty of the ancient capital","description":"The changing leaves vividly color Kyoto, which lies in a basin and has marked temperature differences. For more than a millennium, people have delighted in their beauty and picnicked under the trees. Today, the changing leaves continue to enchant Kyotoites, who live within the changing seasons. The exquisite leaves adorn traditional kaiseki cuisine dishes, and the trees lit up at night are a magical sight. Some are so captured by their magnificence they express it in waka poetry and the arts.","description_clean":"The changing leaves vividly color Kyoto, which lies in a basin and has marked temperature differences. For more than a millennium, people have delighted in their beauty and picnicked under the trees. Today, the changing leaves continue to enchant Kyotoites, who live within the changing seasons. The exquisite leaves adorn traditional kaiseki cuisine dishes, and the trees lit up at night are a magical sight. Some are so captured by their magnificence they express it in waka poetry and the arts.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024018/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"6024-003"}],"tags":["temples_and_shrines","autumn","amazing_scenery","kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapanese","pgm_id":"6022","pgm_no":"048","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6022048/images/gNxVSGTPja01d3NAyMtgOXxb3jKUWUe8ejaBC2SV.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6022048/images/wyt2T3zsLfpfdQp0hNdoSnb9Zsuz0F8D4JmoscE0.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6022048/images/vGPP3q03upw1z21o2E6G7ovyOxRDKcxpbh3DhUTW.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["ar","bn","en","es","fr","id","my","pt","ru","sw","th","tr","uk","vi","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"NyMW1iaDE6eBHWNiOeJkzqoMRbP28Bic","onair":1553921700000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"3:00","movie_duration":180,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese_#48 When I graduate, I want to work in Japan.;en,001;6022-048-2019;","title":"Easy Japanese","title_clean":"Easy Japanese","sub_title":"#48 When I graduate, I want to work in Japan.","sub_title_clean":"#48 When I graduate, I want to work in Japan.","description":"To explain your plan, say a verb in the \"ta\" form followed by \"ra,\" to indicate the circumstance, and then whatever your plan is.","description_clean":"To explain your plan, say a verb in the \"ta\" form followed by \"ra,\" to indicate the circumstance, and then whatever your plan is.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6022048/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":425,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"10yearshayaomiyazaki","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"581","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004581/images/sD1QvVFQB2pGKSehUdp2bOPvZANLp0kVaW2SV3cH.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004581/images/Zq5pDN99ds5PQ8USAV3l998MkFMCkBz11ZmiAEC8.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004581/images/dW1EOz7bDC6xH7m4d5YGPVl7yWKien3r8Z0cB0W0.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","fr","id","pt","ru","th","tr","vi","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"p0MjdqaDE6aSAVsRCNY5hpOxhjkcE3Wx","onair":1553901000000,"vod_to":1774882740000,"movie_lengh":"49:00","movie_duration":2940,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki_Ep. 2 Drawing What's Real;en,001;3004-581-2019;","title":"10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki","title_clean":"10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki","sub_title":"Ep. 2 Drawing What's Real","sub_title_clean":"Ep. 2 Drawing What's Real","description":"An exclusive, behind-the-scenes look at the genius of Japan's foremost living film director, Hayao Miyazaki -- creator of some of the world's most iconic and enduring anime feature films. Miyazaki allowed a single documentary filmmaker to shadow him at work on what would become his 2008 blockbuster, \"Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea.\" As he dreams up characters and plot lines, he delves into memories of his late mother for a thread to weave the story. \"Movies show who you are,\" Miyazaki says, \"no matter how hard you try to hide it.\"
This episode is the second of a 4-part documentary, \"10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki.\" Episode 3 will air on April 21 (JST). Episode 4 will air in May, and the entire series will be available on our video-on-demand site after the broadcasts.","description_clean":"An exclusive, behind-the-scenes look at the genius of Japan's foremost living film director, Hayao Miyazaki -- creator of some of the world's most iconic and enduring anime feature films. Miyazaki allowed a single documentary filmmaker to shadow him at work on what would become his 2008 blockbuster, \"Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea.\" As he dreams up characters and plot lines, he delves into memories of his late mother for a thread to weave the story. \"Movies show who you are,\" Miyazaki says, \"no matter how hard you try to hide it.\" This episode is the second of a 4-part documentary, \"10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki.\" Episode 3 will air on April 21 (JST). Episode 4 will air in May, and the entire series will be available on our video-on-demand site after the broadcasts.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004581/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":162,"related_episodes":[{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3004-593"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3004-594"},{"lang":"en","content_type":"ondemand","episode_key":"3004-569"}],"tags":["am_spotlight","film","anime"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"upclose","pgm_id":"6023","pgm_no":"030","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6023030/images/Ufw0ZMSG88cIKb4BAo6tDhvl95THIfIpxU26X7BA.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6023030/images/oZq3dZRbGLIWhDJCpuxmDdjYiOBUtpS72TB7lfWq.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6023030/images/2kZXPfxhnQbA500eSDE3MexwFCNCh2pYJYpACGu9.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"s5dzFqaDE6aduaWU0VadZ18oQNy2eIE-","onair":1553860500000,"vod_to":1869663540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;JAPAN FROM ABOVE: UP CLOSE / Co-production between NHK, Gedeon Programmes, ZDF Arte, and Voyage_Stories of Volcanoes;en,001;6023-030-2019;","title":"JAPAN FROM ABOVE: UP CLOSE / Co-production between NHK, Gedeon Programmes, ZDF Arte, and Voyage","title_clean":"JAPAN FROM ABOVE: UP CLOSE / Co-production between NHK, Gedeon Programmes, ZDF Arte, and Voyage","sub_title":"Stories of Volcanoes","sub_title_clean":"Stories of Volcanoes","description":"In this episode, we visit Sakurajima, one of the volcanic islands in Kyushu. Here, we meet a children's book illustrator who wrote a story that depicts the relationship between the volcanoes and the local people.","description_clean":"In this episode, we visit Sakurajima, one of the volcanic islands in Kyushu. Here, we meet a children's book illustrator who wrote a story that depicts the relationship between the volcanoes and the local people.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6023030/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1166,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["amazing_scenery","kumamoto","kagoshima"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"upclose","pgm_id":"6023","pgm_no":"029","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6023029/images/1FMw2q3w1T5nGoaP2d2qLtbiBssO7vlquTvWDce1.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6023029/images/mmOcDImJaVu5mt1qxEAAaBGt2MOMqGwfnafdbSR3.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6023029/images/ayzsjhK5QtihieIFWKfcbZdEmeDujOS7LvfaA9rJ.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"J4dHJpaDE6n7-J1NscQO5uhIXLSeiYkW","onair":1553774100000,"vod_to":1869663540000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;JAPAN FROM ABOVE: UP CLOSE / Co-production between NHK, Gedeon Programmes, ZDF Arte, and Voyage_Bizen Ware Potter;en,001;6023-029-2019;","title":"JAPAN FROM ABOVE: UP CLOSE / Co-production between NHK, Gedeon Programmes, ZDF Arte, and Voyage","title_clean":"JAPAN FROM ABOVE: UP CLOSE / Co-production between NHK, Gedeon Programmes, ZDF Arte, and Voyage","sub_title":"Bizen Ware Potter","sub_title_clean":"Bizen Ware Potter","description":"In this episode, we meet an artist in Okayama Prefecture who uses local clay to create a new kind of pottery that builds on the traditions of Bizen ware.","description_clean":"In this episode, we meet an artist in Okayama Prefecture who uses local clay to create a new kind of pottery that builds on the traditions of Bizen ware.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6023029/","category":[15],"mostwatch_ranking":1553,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["okayama"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"6024","pgm_no":"017","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024017/images/iE0i7Alg3MekF6DhKn3MBSxOlgvZQ5NNQz40B6Wh.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024017/images/08DZKY1yU5qyfTdp9Vi3zs5ubvh9Nd7TslwpMeU2.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024017/images/taFVVxHrBZWhNHWlHIoekzG4b7buu0vFD0HjdjIV.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en"],"vod_id":"Z4NngyaTE69ZULHEz7q3p__XhIWV8l7K","onair":1553763300000,"vod_to":1711637940000,"movie_lengh":"5:00","movie_duration":300,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Core Kyoto mini Modern Architecture: Breathing Life into the Ancient Capital in a New Age;en,001;6024-017-2019;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Core Kyoto mini Modern Architecture: Breathing Life into the Ancient Capital in a New Age","sub_title_clean":"Core Kyoto mini Modern Architecture: Breathing Life into the Ancient Capital in a New Age","description":"In the late 1800's Kyoto architects and builders were the first to embrace change as Japan modernized. They incorporated the unusual Western designs into their buildings, changing the cityscape with its many temples and shrines. The great achievements of these pioneers remain today, used as public institutions, places of learning, worship and business. Conspicuous yet congruous, they represent the dawn of a new era. Discover the modern architecture in the ancient capital, whose colors never fade.","description_clean":"In the late 1800's Kyoto architects and builders were the first to embrace change as Japan modernized. They incorporated the unusual Western designs into their buildings, changing the cityscape with its many temples and shrines. The great achievements of these pioneers remain today, used as public institutions, places of learning, worship and business. Conspicuous yet congruous, they represent the dawn of a new era. 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Nu Nu Aung, from Myanmar, moved to Japan 9 months ago and works at a property management company. Every day, she receives training in Japanese and learns more about real estate. In one week's time, Nu Nu Aung will make a presentation in Japanese about areas of Tokyo. To prepare, she will role-play and learn from experts about how to make explanations using photos and other materials.","description_clean":"This episode is about using materials to express oneself in a way that's easy to understand. Nu Nu Aung, from Myanmar, moved to Japan 9 months ago and works at a property management company. Every day, she receives training in Japanese and learns more about real estate. In one week's time, Nu Nu Aung will make a presentation in Japanese about areas of Tokyo. 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Kitayama cedar -- known for its light color, uniform thickness, and smooth, knotless trunk -- is treasured as a material for floors and pillars in Japanese architecture. And daisugi cedars, pruned to produce dozens of tree-like offshoots from one trunk, are prized in gardens for their aesthetic value. Discover the allure of Kitayama cedar through the foresters who inherited their management.","description_clean":"The soaring forest of tall, straight cedars in Kitayama, in Kyoto's northwest, is a glorious sight. Kitayama cedar -- known for its light color, uniform thickness, and smooth, knotless trunk -- is treasured as a material for floors and pillars in Japanese architecture. And daisugi cedars, pruned to produce dozens of tree-like offshoots from one trunk, are prized in gardens for their aesthetic value. 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Tomanik, from Poland, got serious about studying Japanese and then he fell in love with Japanese pop culture. Although he can explain himself in meetings in Japanese just fine, he tends to make very long explanations. By role-playing and receiving guidance from experts, he'll learn how to express himself more directly.","description_clean":"This episode is about expressing an opinion concisely. Tomanik, from Poland, got serious about studying Japanese and then he fell in love with Japanese pop culture. Although he can explain himself in meetings in Japanese just fine, he tends to make very long explanations. 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With beautiful designs and names that subtly reflect the seasons, tea confections are an art form to be appreciated with the 5 senses. When making these confections, importance is placed on the semblance and name they are given. Inspiration is drawn from local nature, art, music and literature. Feel Japan's culture, nature and climate through flavorsome Kyoto confections.","description_clean":"Kyoto confections are wagashi, or traditional confections, infused with Kyoto's charm and influenced by the tea ceremony. With beautiful designs and names that subtly reflect the seasons, tea confections are an art form to be appreciated with the 5 senses. When making these confections, importance is placed on the semblance and name they are given. Inspiration is drawn from local nature, art, music and literature. Feel Japan's culture, nature and climate through flavorsome Kyoto confections.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/6024007/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easyjapaneseforwork","pgm_id":"2078","pgm_no":"002","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078002/images/kOI1hNWAVqInxCTQeUi1Vyn52yS97lJQq00g8R0T.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078002/images/IGI5lKaoVVUOGGaP6LYDozxfQiHsV0ox8elkbcuN.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2078002/images/CjgigF4yVttwVJGFTkNouXvACd8XvgKD3sQTkF1q.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","vi","zh"],"vod_id":"01_lxYzhoaDE6lDdmnkkA_TJbDxTFZlqEwD","onair":1553141400000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"15:00","movie_duration":900,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Japanese for Work_#2 How to politely ask someone to repeat something;en,001;2078-002-2019;","title":"Easy Japanese for Work","title_clean":"Easy Japanese for Work","sub_title":"#2 How to politely ask someone to repeat something","sub_title_clean":"#2 How to politely ask someone to repeat something","description":"This episode is about asking someone to repeat something. 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The bumpy pattern on the fabric's surface is mesmerizing with its delicate shadows. Binding parts of the fabric to leave undyed areas allows certain colors to bleed and lends the design solidity. Each stage in the process has its own specialized artisan for design, binding, dyeing, and other stages in between. Discover the alluring world of Kyo-kanoko shibori through the dexterous hands of passionate artisans.","description_clean":"Kyo-kanoko shibori is the general term used for tie-dyed fabric made in Kyoto. The bumpy pattern on the fabric's surface is mesmerizing with its delicate shadows. Binding parts of the fabric to leave undyed areas allows certain colors to bleed and lends the design solidity. Each stage in the process has its own specialized artisan for design, binding, dyeing, and other stages in between. 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Tuan-san, who is from Vietnam, moved to Japan 4 years ago and works at an IT company. Although his Japanese is improving, he still isn't used to the Japanese that is spoken in business meetings. He wants to thank his superiors, who always kindly help him when he has trouble. By role-playing and receiving guidance from experts, he'll learn a way to say thanks from the heart.","description_clean":"This episode is about expressing thanks. Tuan-san, who is from Vietnam, moved to Japan 4 years ago and works at an IT company. Although his Japanese is improving, he still isn't used to the Japanese that is spoken in business meetings. He wants to thank his superiors, who always kindly help him when he has trouble. 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SUMIMASEN means \"I'm sorry\" in some situations, but it can also be used in many other ways.","description_clean":"Learn a useful Japanese expression for getting around the country in just 3 minutes! SUMIMASEN means \"I'm sorry\" in some situations, but it can also be used in many other ways.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004398/","category":[28],"mostwatch_ranking":232,"related_episodes":[],"tags":[],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"easytravel_j","pgm_id":"3004","pgm_no":"397","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004397/images/xEG9JCmW35PBXnjEtayjL6zzAzndx92G3R2O1Kbs.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004397/images/rU2DT2ReqkysUeW1IaF5rxKGfP8mlp5VPaqGx8t5.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004397/images/wwQKIRwZlnpDKmCEztbEgOJg7Ed8O6vz8PcSoeYo.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","fr","id","th","vi","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"01_nw_v_en_3004397_201703220157","onair":1490115420000,"vod_to":1743433140000,"movie_lengh":"3:00","movie_duration":180,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Easy Travel Japanese_#1: Ii desu ka? May I?;en,001;3004-397-2017;","title":"Easy Travel Japanese","title_clean":"Easy Travel Japanese","sub_title":"#1: Ii desu ka? May I?","sub_title_clean":"#1: Ii desu ka? May I?","description":"Learn a useful Japanese expression for getting around the country in just 3 minutes!
When you want to ask if you are allowed to do something, use II DESU KA?(May I?)","description_clean":"Learn a useful Japanese expression for getting around the country in just 3 minutes! 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Discover the profound world hiding in a beautiful obi and its knot.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029062/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["crafts","tradition","kimono","kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"2029","pgm_no":"043","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029043/images/7Rt58s2LKd53WHcKGSsgiFjHpzIWUCcnAutjEREH.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029043/images/JCrTMExlwtTipKmqw5Z5E0Vn5m6lc41hQIPX4KCO.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029043/images/P5mfancnD9f1txuIgGFP8ONFqUMJ7kXS8RRliX4X.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"xsdjg1MzE6q3NQHzK5vh12xQ8eStC-Ko","onair":1429140600000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Kyoto's Cafe Culture: A Cup Full of Local Hospitality;en,001;2029-043-2015;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Kyoto's Cafe Culture: A Cup Full of Local Hospitality","sub_title_clean":"Kyoto's Cafe Culture: A Cup Full of Local Hospitality","description":"After the first cafe opened in Kyoto in 1930, a coffee culture flourished as coffee salons enjoyed the patronage of local merchants, who prided themselves on staying abreast of the latest fashions. Kyotoites always placed the utmost importance on hospitality. Cafes may be relatively new to the cityscape, but they exude the local spirit of hospitality. Owners of distinct cafes find ingenious ways to infuse their service with this ethos. Discover the charm of Kyoto cafes while sipping on a brew.","description_clean":"After the first cafe opened in Kyoto in 1930, a coffee culture flourished as coffee salons enjoyed the patronage of local merchants, who prided themselves on staying abreast of the latest fashions. Kyotoites always placed the utmost importance on hospitality. Cafes may be relatively new to the cityscape, but they exude the local spirit of hospitality. Owners of distinct cafes find ingenious ways to infuse their service with this ethos. Discover the charm of Kyoto cafes while sipping on a brew.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029043/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":1103,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"2029","pgm_no":"028","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029028/images/Ti1Tj54pFs88zN77bk7yCJn9b0HRY8rUvQ7iOwYm.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029028/images/wB5C36NBaveIOdrI0jFQUGEIi4SLT66ecsQpYYct.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029028/images/JmxAAs5HrsGcE4fEM96imGMH6lKbYEUeXDLrtfhi.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","zh","zt"],"vod_id":"BjbHVmdjqrpOSWPH-Kmc3Zoz77k-3qkk","onair":1404343800000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Buddhist Architecture: Craftsmanship Unites Places of Worship;en,001;2029-028-2014;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Buddhist Architecture: Craftsmanship Unites Places of Worship","sub_title_clean":"Buddhist Architecture: Craftsmanship Unites Places of Worship","description":"Kyoto is home to most Buddhist head temples, which shaped the ancient capital's historical landscape and fascinate visitors. Shichido-garan, the 7 most important buildings for Zen religious training, are positioned in the shape of a person. Maintaining temples for centuries, carpenters conduct major repairs at Chion-in and thatch Kiyomizu-dera's main-hall with cypress bark using traditional roofing methods. Look at the world of Buddhist architecture, sustained by craftsmanship and faith.","description_clean":"Kyoto is home to most Buddhist head temples, which shaped the ancient capital's historical landscape and fascinate visitors. Shichido-garan, the 7 most important buildings for Zen religious training, are positioned in the shape of a person. Maintaining temples for centuries, carpenters conduct major repairs at Chion-in and thatch Kiyomizu-dera's main-hall with cypress bark using traditional roofing methods. Look at the world of Buddhist architecture, sustained by craftsmanship and faith.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029028/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":1713,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]},{"pgm_gr_id":"corekyoto","pgm_id":"2029","pgm_no":"008","image":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029008/images/9LZBWxf9ar40drzsOHptiwhmat0rQlJeJ39Pgpjl.jpeg","image_l":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029008/images/pZwdirui5shMY0PN6SqbqnfOJohByQ11DtJM2hi7.jpeg","image_promo":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029008/images/Z42YRkkBy71wRRcTR93sB8WZf0cYGbJwYCGM8VnS.jpeg","ignore_domestic":false,"nod_url":null,"voice_lang":"en","caption_langs":[],"voice_langs":["en","es","zt"],"vod_id":"nw_vod_v_en_2029_008_20201013113000_01_1614650832","onair":1372894200000,"vod_to":1711897140000,"movie_lengh":"28:00","movie_duration":1680,"analytics":"[nhkworld]vod;Core Kyoto_Aoi Matsuri: A Dynastic Festival in the Presence of the Deities;en,001;2029-008-2013;","title":"Core Kyoto","title_clean":"Core Kyoto","sub_title":"Aoi Matsuri: A Dynastic Festival in the Presence of the Deities","sub_title_clean":"Aoi Matsuri: A Dynastic Festival in the Presence of the Deities","description":"The origin of Aoi Matsuri, one of Kyoto's 3 great festivals, goes back more than 1,400 years. Diviners advised the people to ride horses in prayer for bumper crops and to appease the Kamo deities, who were causing storms and floods. Emperors thereafter paid homage to Shimogamo Jinja and Kamigamo Jinja, and solemnly performed these now-ancient rituals that are reminiscent of the dynastic culture. Aoi Matsuri, its splendid parade and rare customs are full of mystery, even for Japanese.","description_clean":"The origin of Aoi Matsuri, one of Kyoto's 3 great festivals, goes back more than 1,400 years. Diviners advised the people to ride horses in prayer for bumper crops and to appease the Kamo deities, who were causing storms and floods. Emperors thereafter paid homage to Shimogamo Jinja and Kamigamo Jinja, and solemnly performed these now-ancient rituals that are reminiscent of the dynastic culture. Aoi Matsuri, its splendid parade and rare customs are full of mystery, even for Japanese.","url":"/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2029008/","category":[20,18],"mostwatch_ranking":1893,"related_episodes":[],"tags":["kyoto"],"chapter_list":[],"transcript_path":null,"life":0,"life_category":[],"promotion":[]}]}} \ No newline at end of file From 1f9074df43af39c1145b89bbd0f760bd23725263 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andriy Plokhotnyuk Date: Sun, 26 Nov 2023 12:54:28 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 03/13] Update benchmark dependencies (#31) --- build.gradle | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/build.gradle b/build.gradle index 2aee159..2cae88f 100644 --- a/build.gradle +++ b/build.gradle @@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ java { ext { junitVersion = '5.9.1' - jsoniterScalaVersion = '2.23.2' + jsoniterScalaVersion = '2.24.4' } dependencies { - jmhImplementation group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core', name: 'jackson-databind', version: '2.15.2' - jmhImplementation group: 'com.alibaba.fastjson2', name: 'fastjson2', version: '2.0.35' + jmhImplementation group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core', name: 'jackson-databind', version: '2.16.0' + jmhImplementation group: 'com.alibaba.fastjson2', name: 'fastjson2', version: '2.0.42' jmhImplementation group: 'com.jsoniter', name: 'jsoniter', version: '0.9.23' jmhImplementation group: 'com.github.plokhotnyuk.jsoniter-scala', name: 'jsoniter-scala-core_2.13', version: jsoniterScalaVersion jmhImplementation group: 'com.google.guava', name: 'guava', version: '32.1.2-jre' From 84736d59d565563670518110711fb02dbf48eac1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Piotr=20R=C5=BCysko?= Date: Mon, 27 Nov 2023 19:13:26 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 04/13] Add support for 512-bit vectors in utf-8 validator (#32) --- .../org/simdjson/CharactersClassifier.java | 8 ++-- .../java/org/simdjson/JsonStringScanner.java | 4 +- src/main/java/org/simdjson/StringParser.java | 4 +- .../java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexer.java | 40 +++++++++++++------ src/main/java/org/simdjson/Utf8Validator.java | 11 ++--- src/test/java/org/simdjson/TestUtils.java | 2 +- .../java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorTest.java | 4 +- 7 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/CharactersClassifier.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/CharactersClassifier.java index 09d6515..68b685c 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/CharactersClassifier.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/CharactersClassifier.java @@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ class CharactersClassifier { private static final ByteVector WHITESPACE_TABLE = ByteVector.fromArray( - StructuralIndexer.SPECIES, - repeat(new byte[]{' ', 100, 100, 100, 17, 100, 113, 2, 100, '\t', '\n', 112, 100, '\r', 100, 100}, StructuralIndexer.SPECIES.vectorByteSize() / 4), + StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES, + repeat(new byte[]{' ', 100, 100, 100, 17, 100, 113, 2, 100, '\t', '\n', 112, 100, '\r', 100, 100}, StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES.vectorByteSize() / 4), 0); private static final ByteVector OP_TABLE = ByteVector.fromArray( - StructuralIndexer.SPECIES, - repeat(new byte[]{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ':', '{', ',', '}', 0, 0}, StructuralIndexer.SPECIES.vectorByteSize() / 4), + StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES, + repeat(new byte[]{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ':', '{', ',', '}', 0, 0}, StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES.vectorByteSize() / 4), 0); private static byte[] repeat(byte[] array, int n) { diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringScanner.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringScanner.java index f8e9a12..6d856ac 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringScanner.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringScanner.java @@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ class JsonStringScanner { private long prevEscaped = 0; JsonStringScanner() { - this.backslashMask = ByteVector.broadcast(StructuralIndexer.SPECIES, (byte) '\\'); - this.quoteMask = ByteVector.broadcast(StructuralIndexer.SPECIES, (byte) '"'); + this.backslashMask = ByteVector.broadcast(StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES, (byte) '\\'); + this.quoteMask = ByteVector.broadcast(StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES, (byte) '"'); } JsonStringBlock next(ByteVector chunk0) { diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StringParser.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StringParser.java index 074a3db..11fb7fd 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StringParser.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StringParser.java @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class StringParser { private static final byte BACKSLASH = '\\'; private static final byte QUOTE = '"'; - private static final int BYTES_PROCESSED = StructuralIndexer.SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); + private static final int BYTES_PROCESSED = StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); private static final int MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE = 0xD800; private static final int MAX_HIGH_SURROGATE = 0xDBFF; private static final int MIN_LOW_SURROGATE = 0xDC00; @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ void parseString(byte[] buffer, int idx) { int src = idx + 1; int dst = stringBufferIdx + Integer.BYTES; while (true) { - ByteVector srcVec = ByteVector.fromArray(StructuralIndexer.SPECIES, buffer, src); + ByteVector srcVec = ByteVector.fromArray(StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES, buffer, src); srcVec.intoArray(stringBuffer, dst); long backslashBits = srcVec.eq(BACKSLASH).toLong(); long quoteBits = srcVec.eq(QUOTE).toLong(); diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexer.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexer.java index c0eb4b0..43ec952 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexer.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexer.java @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ package org.simdjson; import jdk.incubator.vector.ByteVector; +import jdk.incubator.vector.IntVector; +import jdk.incubator.vector.VectorShape; import jdk.incubator.vector.VectorSpecies; -import java.lang.invoke.MethodType; import static jdk.incubator.vector.VectorOperators.UNSIGNED_LE; class StructuralIndexer { - static final VectorSpecies SPECIES; + static final VectorSpecies INT_SPECIES; + static final VectorSpecies BYTE_SPECIES; static final int N_CHUNKS; static { String species = System.getProperty("org.simdjson.species", "preferred"); - SPECIES = switch(species) { - case "preferred" -> ByteVector.SPECIES_PREFERRED; - case "512" -> ByteVector.SPECIES_512; - case "256" -> ByteVector.SPECIES_256; + switch (species) { + case "preferred" -> { + BYTE_SPECIES = ByteVector.SPECIES_PREFERRED; + INT_SPECIES = IntVector.SPECIES_PREFERRED; + } + case "512" -> { + BYTE_SPECIES = ByteVector.SPECIES_512; + INT_SPECIES = IntVector.SPECIES_512; + } + case "256" -> { + BYTE_SPECIES = ByteVector.SPECIES_256; + INT_SPECIES = IntVector.SPECIES_256; + } default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported vector species: " + species); - }; - N_CHUNKS = 64 / SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); - if (SPECIES != ByteVector.SPECIES_256 && SPECIES != ByteVector.SPECIES_512) { - throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported vector species: " + SPECIES); + } + N_CHUNKS = 64 / BYTE_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); + assertSupportForSpecies(BYTE_SPECIES); + assertSupportForSpecies(INT_SPECIES); + } + + private static void assertSupportForSpecies(VectorSpecies species) { + if (species.vectorShape() != VectorShape.S_256_BIT && species.vectorShape() != VectorShape.S_512_BIT) { + throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported vector species: " + species); } } @@ -48,7 +64,7 @@ void step(byte[] buffer, int offset, int blockIndex) { } private void step1(byte[] buffer, int offset, int blockIndex) { - ByteVector chunk0 = ByteVector.fromArray(ByteVector.SPECIES_512, buffer, offset); + ByteVector chunk0 = ByteVector.fromArray(ByteVector.SPECIES_512, buffer, offset); JsonStringBlock strings = stringScanner.next(chunk0); JsonCharacterBlock characters = classifier.classify(chunk0); long unescaped = lteq(chunk0, (byte) 0x1F); @@ -75,7 +91,7 @@ private void finishStep(JsonCharacterBlock characters, JsonStringBlock strings, bitIndexes.write(blockIndex, prevStructurals); prevStructurals = potentialStructuralStart & ~strings.stringTail(); unescapedCharsError |= strings.nonQuoteInsideString(unescaped); - } + } private long lteq(ByteVector chunk0, byte scalar) { long r = chunk0.compare(UNSIGNED_LE, scalar).toLong(); diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/Utf8Validator.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/Utf8Validator.java index 2838d76..e4d9c63 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/Utf8Validator.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/Utf8Validator.java @@ -4,11 +4,12 @@ import java.util.Arrays; -public class Utf8Validator { - private static final VectorSpecies VECTOR_SPECIES = ByteVector.SPECIES_256; +class Utf8Validator { + + private static final VectorSpecies VECTOR_SPECIES = StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES; private static final ByteVector INCOMPLETE_CHECK = getIncompleteCheck(); - private static final VectorShuffle SHIFT_FOUR_BYTES_FORWARD = VectorShuffle.iota(IntVector.SPECIES_256, - IntVector.SPECIES_256.elementSize() - 1, 1, true); + private static final VectorShuffle SHIFT_FOUR_BYTES_FORWARD = VectorShuffle.iota(StructuralIndexer.INT_SPECIES, + StructuralIndexer.INT_SPECIES.elementSize() - 1, 1, true); private static final ByteVector LOW_NIBBLE_MASK = ByteVector.broadcast(VECTOR_SPECIES, 0b0000_1111); private static final ByteVector ALL_ASCII_MASK = ByteVector.broadcast(VECTOR_SPECIES, (byte) 0b1000_0000); @@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ static void validate(byte[] inputBytes) { errors |= secondCheck.compare(VectorOperators.NE, 0).toLong(); } - previousFourUtf8Bytes = utf8Vector.reinterpretAsInts().lane(IntVector.SPECIES_256.length() - 1); + previousFourUtf8Bytes = utf8Vector.reinterpretAsInts().lane(StructuralIndexer.INT_SPECIES.length() - 1); } // if the input file doesn't align with the vector width, pad the missing bytes with zero diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/TestUtils.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/TestUtils.java index 0fee084..8d63221 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/TestUtils.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/TestUtils.java @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ static String padWithSpaces(String str) { } static ByteVector chunk(String str, int n) { - return ByteVector.fromArray(StructuralIndexer.SPECIES, str.getBytes(UTF_8), n * StructuralIndexer.SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); + return ByteVector.fromArray(StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES, str.getBytes(UTF_8), n * StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); } static byte[] toUtf8(String str) { diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorTest.java index b129e86..995323b 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorTest.java @@ -1,6 +1,5 @@ package org.simdjson; -import jdk.incubator.vector.ByteVector; import jdk.incubator.vector.VectorSpecies; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; @@ -8,12 +7,11 @@ import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Arrays; -import java.util.Objects; import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*; class Utf8ValidatorTest { - private static final VectorSpecies VECTOR_SPECIES = StructuralIndexer.SPECIES; + private static final VectorSpecies VECTOR_SPECIES = StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES; /* ASCII / 1 BYTE TESTS */ From 394e76c48cd70166280e8d4b4967abe0de6ce308 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Piotr=20R=C5=BCysko?= Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2024 08:56:52 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 05/13] Add schema-based parsing (#43) --- .gitignore | 1 + build.gradle | 36 +- .../org/simdjson/NumberParserBenchmark.java | 4 +- .../org/simdjson/ParseAndSelectBenchmark.java | 31 +- .../SchemaBasedParseAndSelectBenchmark.java | 123 ++ src/main/java/org/simdjson/BitIndexes.java | 37 +- src/main/java/org/simdjson/ClassResolver.java | 24 + .../org/simdjson/ConstructorArgument.java | 4 + .../org/simdjson/ConstructorArgumentsMap.java | 91 ++ src/main/java/org/simdjson/DoubleParser.java | 505 ++++++ .../java/org/simdjson/ExponentParser.java | 94 ++ src/main/java/org/simdjson/FloatParser.java | 504 ++++++ src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonIterator.java | 43 +- .../org/simdjson/JsonParsingException.java | 4 + src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonValue.java | 10 +- src/main/java/org/simdjson/NumberParser.java | 774 +++------- .../java/org/simdjson/NumberParserTables.java | 2 + .../org/simdjson/OnDemandJsonIterator.java | 675 ++++++++ src/main/java/org/simdjson/ResolvedClass.java | 165 ++ .../org/simdjson/SchemaBasedJsonIterator.java | 735 +++++++++ .../java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParser.java | 19 +- src/main/java/org/simdjson/StringParser.java | 75 +- .../java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexer.java | 5 +- src/main/java/org/simdjson/TapeBuilder.java | 41 +- .../simdjson/annotations/JsonFieldName.java | 13 + .../java/org/simdjson/ArrayParsingTest.java | 245 +++ .../simdjson/ArraySchemaBasedParsingTest.java | 503 ++++++ .../simdjson/BenchmarkCorrectnessTest.java | 65 +- .../java/org/simdjson/BooleanParsingTest.java | 121 ++ .../BooleanSchemaBasedParsingTest.java | 593 +++++++ ...tingPointNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java | 1297 ++++++++++++++++ .../IntegralNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java | 779 ++++++++++ .../java/org/simdjson/NullParsingTest.java | 106 ++ .../java/org/simdjson/NumberParsingTest.java | 153 +- .../java/org/simdjson/ObjectParsingTest.java | 72 +- .../ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest.java | 821 ++++++++++ .../java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParserTest.java | 323 ---- .../java/org/simdjson/StringParsingTest.java | 219 ++- .../StringSchemaBasedParsingTest.java | 1357 +++++++++++++++++ .../schemas/ClassWithIntegerField.java | 16 + .../ClassWithPrimitiveBooleanField.java | 16 + .../schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveByteField.java | 16 + .../ClassWithPrimitiveCharacterField.java | 16 + .../ClassWithPrimitiveDoubleField.java | 16 + .../schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveFloatField.java | 16 + .../ClassWithPrimitiveIntegerField.java | 16 + .../schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveLongField.java | 16 + .../schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveShortField.java | 16 + .../schemas/ClassWithStringField.java | 16 + .../schemas/RecordWithBooleanArrayField.java | 4 + .../schemas/RecordWithBooleanField.java | 5 + .../schemas/RecordWithBooleanListField.java | 6 + .../schemas/RecordWithByteArrayField.java | 4 + .../simdjson/schemas/RecordWithByteField.java | 5 + .../schemas/RecordWithByteListField.java | 6 + .../RecordWithCharacterArrayField.java | 4 + .../schemas/RecordWithCharacterField.java | 5 + .../schemas/RecordWithCharacterListField.java | 6 + .../schemas/RecordWithDoubleArrayField.java | 4 + .../schemas/RecordWithDoubleField.java | 5 + .../schemas/RecordWithDoubleListField.java | 6 + .../schemas/RecordWithFloatArrayField.java | 4 + .../schemas/RecordWithFloatField.java | 5 + .../schemas/RecordWithFloatListField.java | 6 + .../schemas/RecordWithIntegerArrayField.java | 4 + .../schemas/RecordWithIntegerField.java | 5 + .../schemas/RecordWithIntegerListField.java | 6 + .../schemas/RecordWithLongArrayField.java | 4 + .../simdjson/schemas/RecordWithLongField.java | 5 + .../schemas/RecordWithLongListField.java | 6 + .../RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanArrayField.java | 4 + .../RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField.java | 5 + .../RecordWithPrimitiveByteArrayField.java | 4 + .../schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveByteField.java | 5 + ...ecordWithPrimitiveCharacterArrayField.java | 4 + .../RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField.java | 5 + .../RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleArrayField.java | 4 + .../RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleField.java | 5 + .../RecordWithPrimitiveFloatArrayField.java | 4 + .../RecordWithPrimitiveFloatField.java | 5 + .../RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerArrayField.java | 4 + .../RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField.java | 5 + .../RecordWithPrimitiveLongArrayField.java | 4 + .../schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveLongField.java | 5 + .../RecordWithPrimitiveShortArrayField.java | 5 + .../RecordWithPrimitiveShortField.java | 5 + .../schemas/RecordWithShortArrayField.java | 4 + .../schemas/RecordWithShortField.java | 5 + .../schemas/RecordWithShortListField.java | 6 + .../schemas/RecordWithStringArrayField.java | 4 + .../schemas/RecordWithStringField.java | 5 + .../schemas/RecordWithStringListField.java | 6 + .../simdjson/testutils/CartesianTestCsv.java | 16 + .../CartesianTestCsvArgumentsProvider.java | 25 + .../testutils/CartesianTestCsvRow.java | 39 + .../FloatingPointNumberTestFile.java | 82 + .../FloatingPointNumberTestFilesProvider.java | 34 + .../FloatingPointNumberTestFilesSource.java | 26 + .../{ => testutils}/JsonValueAssert.java | 17 +- .../java/org/simdjson/testutils/MapEntry.java | 10 + .../org/simdjson/testutils/MapSource.java | 18 + .../simdjson/testutils/MapSourceProvider.java | 39 + .../simdjson/testutils/NumberTestData.java | 42 + .../RandomIntegralNumberProvider.java | 125 ++ .../testutils/RandomIntegralNumberSource.java | 23 + .../testutils/RandomStringProvider.java | 58 + .../testutils/RandomStringSource.java | 22 + .../SchemaBasedRandomValueProvider.java | 232 +++ .../SchemaBasedRandomValueSource.java | 23 + .../testutils/SimdJsonAssertions.java | 11 + .../simdjson/testutils/StringTestData.java | 118 ++ 111 files changed, 10911 insertions(+), 1086 deletions(-) create mode 100644 src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/SchemaBasedParseAndSelectBenchmark.java create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/ClassResolver.java create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/ConstructorArgument.java create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/ConstructorArgumentsMap.java create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/DoubleParser.java create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/ExponentParser.java create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/FloatParser.java create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/OnDemandJsonIterator.java create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/ResolvedClass.java create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/SchemaBasedJsonIterator.java create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/annotations/JsonFieldName.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArrayParsingTest.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArraySchemaBasedParsingTest.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanParsingTest.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanSchemaBasedParsingTest.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/FloatingPointNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/IntegralNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/NullParsingTest.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest.java delete mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParserTest.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringSchemaBasedParsingTest.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithIntegerField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveBooleanField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveByteField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveCharacterField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveDoubleField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveFloatField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveIntegerField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveLongField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveShortField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithStringField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithBooleanArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithBooleanField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithBooleanListField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithByteArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithByteField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithByteListField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithCharacterArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithCharacterField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithCharacterListField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithDoubleArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithDoubleField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithDoubleListField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithFloatArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithFloatField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithFloatListField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithIntegerArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithIntegerField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithIntegerListField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithLongArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithLongField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithLongListField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveByteArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveByteField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveFloatArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveFloatField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveLongArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveLongField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveShortArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveShortField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithShortArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithShortField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithShortListField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithStringArrayField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithStringField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithStringListField.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/CartesianTestCsv.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/CartesianTestCsvArgumentsProvider.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/CartesianTestCsvRow.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/FloatingPointNumberTestFile.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/FloatingPointNumberTestFilesProvider.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/FloatingPointNumberTestFilesSource.java rename src/test/java/org/simdjson/{ => testutils}/JsonValueAssert.java (81%) create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/MapEntry.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/MapSource.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/MapSourceProvider.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/NumberTestData.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomIntegralNumberProvider.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomIntegralNumberSource.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomStringProvider.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomStringSource.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/SchemaBasedRandomValueProvider.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/SchemaBasedRandomValueSource.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/SimdJsonAssertions.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/StringTestData.java diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 5241245..6b6051c 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -3,3 +3,4 @@ build profilers testdata +hotspot_*.log \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/build.gradle b/build.gradle index 2cae88f..8fb175d 100644 --- a/build.gradle +++ b/build.gradle @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ import me.champeau.jmh.JmhBytecodeGeneratorTask -import org.gradle.internal.os.OperatingSystem import org.ajoberstar.grgit.Grgit +import org.gradle.internal.os.OperatingSystem + import java.time.Duration plugins { @@ -42,20 +43,20 @@ java { } ext { - junitVersion = '5.9.1' - jsoniterScalaVersion = '2.24.4' + junitVersion = '5.10.2' + jsoniterScalaVersion = '2.28.4' } dependencies { - jmhImplementation group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core', name: 'jackson-databind', version: '2.16.0' - jmhImplementation group: 'com.alibaba.fastjson2', name: 'fastjson2', version: '2.0.42' - jmhImplementation group: 'com.jsoniter', name: 'jsoniter', version: '0.9.23' + jmhImplementation group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core', name: 'jackson-databind', version: '2.17.0' + jmhImplementation group: 'com.alibaba.fastjson2', name: 'fastjson2', version: '2.0.49' jmhImplementation group: 'com.github.plokhotnyuk.jsoniter-scala', name: 'jsoniter-scala-core_2.13', version: jsoniterScalaVersion jmhImplementation group: 'com.google.guava', name: 'guava', version: '32.1.2-jre' compileOnly group: 'com.github.plokhotnyuk.jsoniter-scala', name: 'jsoniter-scala-macros_2.13', version: jsoniterScalaVersion testImplementation group: 'org.assertj', name: 'assertj-core', version: '3.24.2' testImplementation group: 'org.apache.commons', name: 'commons-text', version: '1.10.0' + testImplementation group: 'org.junit-pioneer', name: 'junit-pioneer', version: '2.2.0' testImplementation group: 'org.junit.jupiter', name: 'junit-jupiter-api', version: junitVersion testImplementation group: 'org.junit.jupiter', name: 'junit-jupiter-params', version: junitVersion testRuntimeOnly group: 'org.junit.jupiter', name: 'junit-jupiter-engine', version: junitVersion @@ -136,15 +137,21 @@ jmh { '--add-modules=jdk.incubator.vector' ] if (getBooleanProperty('jmh.profilersEnabled', false)) { + createDirIfDoesNotExist('./profilers') if (OperatingSystem.current().isLinux()) { - profilers = [ - 'perf', - 'perfasm:intelSyntax=true', - 'async:verbose=true;output=flamegraph;event=cpu;dir=./profilers/async;libPath=' + getAsyncProfilerLibPath('LD_LIBRARY_PATH') + def profilerList = [ + 'async:verbose=true;output=flamegraph;event=cpu;dir=./profilers/async;libPath=' + getLibPath('LD_LIBRARY_PATH') ] + if (getBooleanProperty('jmh.jitLogEnabled', false)) { + createDirIfDoesNotExist('./profilers/perfasm') + profilerList += [ + 'perfasm:intelSyntax=true;saveLog=true;saveLogTo=./profilers/perfasm' + ] + } + profilers = profilerList } else if (OperatingSystem.current().isMacOsX()) { profilers = [ - 'async:verbose=true;output=flamegraph;event=cpu;dir=./profilers/async;libPath=' + getAsyncProfilerLibPath('DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH') + 'async:verbose=true;output=flamegraph;event=cpu;dir=./profilers/async;libPath=' + getLibPath('DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH') ] } } @@ -218,6 +225,11 @@ def getBooleanProperty(String name, boolean defaultValue) { Boolean.valueOf((project.findProperty(name) ?: defaultValue) as String) } -static def getAsyncProfilerLibPath(String envVarName) { +static def getLibPath(String envVarName) { System.getenv(envVarName) ?: System.getProperty('java.library.path') } + +static createDirIfDoesNotExist(String dir) { + File file = new File(dir) + file.mkdirs() +} diff --git a/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/NumberParserBenchmark.java b/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/NumberParserBenchmark.java index 1b8c9dd..f73dd83 100644 --- a/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/NumberParserBenchmark.java +++ b/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/NumberParserBenchmark.java @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public class NumberParserBenchmark { private final Tape tape = new Tape(100); - private final NumberParser numberParser = new NumberParser(tape); + private final NumberParser numberParser = new NumberParser(); @Param({ "2.2250738585072013e-308", // fast path @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public double baseline() { @Benchmark public double simdjson() { tape.reset(); - numberParser.parseNumber(numberUtf8Bytes, 0); + numberParser.parseNumber(numberUtf8Bytes, 0, tape); return tape.getDouble(0); } } diff --git a/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/ParseAndSelectBenchmark.java b/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/ParseAndSelectBenchmark.java index a37135c..fcb056f 100644 --- a/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/ParseAndSelectBenchmark.java +++ b/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/ParseAndSelectBenchmark.java @@ -4,10 +4,6 @@ import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSONObject; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; -import com.github.plokhotnyuk.jsoniter_scala.core.ReaderConfig$; -import com.github.plokhotnyuk.jsoniter_scala.core.package$; -import com.jsoniter.JsonIterator; -import com.jsoniter.any.Any; import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark; import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode; import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Level; @@ -43,19 +39,7 @@ public void setup() throws IOException { buffer = is.readAllBytes(); bufferPadded = padded(buffer); } - } - - @Benchmark - public int countUniqueUsersWithDefaultProfile_jsoniter_scala() throws IOException { - Twitter twitter = package$.MODULE$.readFromArray(buffer, ReaderConfig$.MODULE$, Twitter$.MODULE$.codec()); - Set defaultUsers = new HashSet<>(); - for (Status tweet: twitter.statuses()) { - User user = tweet.user(); - if (user.default_profile()) { - defaultUsers.add(user.screen_name()); - } - } - return defaultUsers.size(); + System.out.println("VectorSpecies = " + StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES); } @Benchmark @@ -88,19 +72,6 @@ public int countUniqueUsersWithDefaultProfile_fastjson() { return defaultUsers.size(); } - @Benchmark - public int countUniqueUsersWithDefaultProfile_jsoniter() { - Any json = JsonIterator.deserialize(buffer); - Set defaultUsers = new HashSet<>(); - for (Any tweet : json.get("statuses")) { - Any user = tweet.get("user"); - if (user.get("default_profile").toBoolean()) { - defaultUsers.add(user.get("screen_name").toString()); - } - } - return defaultUsers.size(); - } - @Benchmark public int countUniqueUsersWithDefaultProfile_simdjson() { JsonValue simdJsonValue = simdJsonParser.parse(buffer, buffer.length); diff --git a/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/SchemaBasedParseAndSelectBenchmark.java b/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/SchemaBasedParseAndSelectBenchmark.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a001e3f --- /dev/null +++ b/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/SchemaBasedParseAndSelectBenchmark.java @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSON; +import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature; +import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; +import com.github.plokhotnyuk.jsoniter_scala.core.ReaderConfig$; +import com.github.plokhotnyuk.jsoniter_scala.core.package$; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Level; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Setup; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State; + +import java.io.IOException; +import java.io.InputStream; +import java.util.HashSet; +import java.util.List; +import java.util.Set; +import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; + +import static org.simdjson.SimdJsonPaddingUtil.padded; + +@State(Scope.Benchmark) +@BenchmarkMode(Mode.Throughput) +@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.SECONDS) +public class SchemaBasedParseAndSelectBenchmark { + + private final SimdJsonParser simdJsonParser = new SimdJsonParser(); + private final ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper() + .configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false); + + private byte[] buffer; + private byte[] bufferPadded; + + @Setup(Level.Trial) + public void setup() throws IOException { + try (InputStream is = ParseBenchmark.class.getResourceAsStream("/twitter.json")) { + buffer = is.readAllBytes(); + bufferPadded = padded(buffer); + } + System.out.println("VectorSpecies = " + StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES); + } + + @Benchmark + public int countUniqueUsersWithDefaultProfile_simdjson() { + Set defaultUsers = new HashSet<>(); + SimdJsonTwitter twitter = simdJsonParser.parse(buffer, buffer.length, SimdJsonTwitter.class); + for (SimdJsonStatus status : twitter.statuses()) { + SimdJsonUser user = status.user(); + if (user.default_profile()) { + defaultUsers.add(user.screen_name()); + } + } + return defaultUsers.size(); + } + + @Benchmark + public int countUniqueUsersWithDefaultProfile_simdjsonPadded() { + Set defaultUsers = new HashSet<>(); + SimdJsonTwitter twitter = simdJsonParser.parse(bufferPadded, buffer.length, SimdJsonTwitter.class); + for (SimdJsonStatus status : twitter.statuses()) { + SimdJsonUser user = status.user(); + if (user.default_profile()) { + defaultUsers.add(user.screen_name()); + } + } + return defaultUsers.size(); + } + + @Benchmark + public int countUniqueUsersWithDefaultProfile_jackson() throws IOException { + Set defaultUsers = new HashSet<>(); + SimdJsonTwitter twitter = objectMapper.readValue(buffer, SimdJsonTwitter.class); + for (SimdJsonStatus status : twitter.statuses()) { + SimdJsonUser user = status.user(); + if (user.default_profile()) { + defaultUsers.add(user.screen_name()); + } + } + return defaultUsers.size(); + } + + @Benchmark + public int countUniqueUsersWithDefaultProfile_jsoniter_scala() { + Twitter twitter = package$.MODULE$.readFromArray(buffer, ReaderConfig$.MODULE$, Twitter$.MODULE$.codec()); + Set defaultUsers = new HashSet<>(); + for (Status tweet: twitter.statuses()) { + User user = tweet.user(); + if (user.default_profile()) { + defaultUsers.add(user.screen_name()); + } + } + return defaultUsers.size(); + } + + @Benchmark + public int countUniqueUsersWithDefaultProfile_fastjson() { + Set defaultUsers = new HashSet<>(); + SimdJsonTwitter twitter = JSON.parseObject(buffer, SimdJsonTwitter.class); + for (SimdJsonStatus status : twitter.statuses()) { + SimdJsonUser user = status.user(); + if (user.default_profile()) { + defaultUsers.add(user.screen_name()); + } + } + return defaultUsers.size(); + } + + record SimdJsonUser(boolean default_profile, String screen_name) { + + } + + record SimdJsonStatus(SimdJsonUser user) { + + } + + record SimdJsonTwitter(List statuses) { + + } +} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/BitIndexes.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/BitIndexes.java index 4ab1dde..59c0dc3 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/BitIndexes.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/BitIndexes.java @@ -44,11 +44,26 @@ private long clearLowestBit(long bits) { return bits & (bits - 1); } - int advance() { + void advance() { + readIdx++; + } + + int getAndAdvance() { + assert readIdx <= writeIdx; return indexes[readIdx++]; } + int getLast() { + return indexes[writeIdx - 1]; + } + + int advanceAndGet() { + assert readIdx + 1 <= writeIdx; + return indexes[++readIdx]; + } + int peek() { + assert readIdx <= writeIdx; return indexes[readIdx]; } @@ -60,6 +75,26 @@ boolean isEnd() { return writeIdx == readIdx; } + boolean isPastEnd() { + return readIdx > writeIdx; + } + + void finish() { + // If we go past the end of the detected structural indexes, it means we are dealing with an invalid JSON. + // Thus, we need to stop processing immediately and throw an exception. To avoid checking after every increment + // of readIdx whether this has happened, we jump to the first structural element. This should produce the + // desired outcome, i.e., an iterator should detect invalid JSON. To understand how this works, let's first + // exclude primitive values (numbers, strings, booleans, nulls) from the scope of possible JSON documents. We + // can do this because, when these values are parsed, the length of the input buffer is verified, ensuring we + // never go past its end. Therefore, we can focus solely on objects and arrays. Since we always check that if + // the first character is '{', the last one must be '}', and if the first character is '[', the last one must + // be ']', we know that if we've reached beyond the buffer without crashing, the input is either '{...}' or '[...]'. + // Thus, if we jump to the first structural element, we will generate either '{...}{' or '[...]['. Both of these + // are invalid sequences and will be detected by the iterator, which will then stop processing and throw an + // exception informing about the invalid JSON. + indexes[writeIdx] = 0; + } + void reset() { writeIdx = 0; readIdx = 0; diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ClassResolver.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ClassResolver.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..613aa2f --- /dev/null +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ClassResolver.java @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import java.lang.reflect.Type; +import java.util.HashMap; +import java.util.Map; + +class ClassResolver { + + private final Map classCache = new HashMap<>(); + + ResolvedClass resolveClass(Type type) { + ResolvedClass resolvedClass = classCache.get(type); + if (resolvedClass != null) { + return resolvedClass; + } + resolvedClass = new ResolvedClass(type, this); + classCache.put(type, resolvedClass); + return resolvedClass; + } + + void reset() { + classCache.clear(); + } +} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ConstructorArgument.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ConstructorArgument.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..05a68a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ConstructorArgument.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +record ConstructorArgument(int idx, ResolvedClass resolvedClass) { +} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ConstructorArgumentsMap.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ConstructorArgumentsMap.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..259c299 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ConstructorArgumentsMap.java @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import java.lang.invoke.VarHandle; +import java.nio.ByteOrder; +import java.util.Arrays; + +import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.byteArrayViewVarHandle; + +class ConstructorArgumentsMap { + + private static final VarHandle VAR_HANDLE_LONG = byteArrayViewVarHandle(Long.TYPE.arrayType(), ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); + private static final VarHandle VAR_HANDLE_INT = byteArrayViewVarHandle(Integer.TYPE.arrayType(), ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); + // Large prime number. This one is taken from https://vanilla-java.github.io/2018/08/15/Looking-at-randomness-and-performance-for-hash-codes.html + private static final long M2 = 0x7a646e4d; + + private final int argumentCount; + private final int capacity; + private final int moduloMask; + private final byte[][] keys; + private final ConstructorArgument[] arguments; + + ConstructorArgumentsMap(int argumentCount) { + this.argumentCount = argumentCount; + this.capacity = ceilingPowerOfTwo(argumentCount); + this.moduloMask = capacity - 1; + this.arguments = new ConstructorArgument[capacity]; + this.keys = new byte[capacity][]; + } + + private static int ceilingPowerOfTwo(int argumentCount) { + // We don't need to check if argumentCount is greater than 2^30 because, in Java, the limit for method arguments + // is equal to 255 (https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se21/html/jvms-4.html#jvms-4.3.3). + return 1 << -Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(argumentCount - 1); + } + + int getArgumentCount() { + return argumentCount; + } + + void put(byte[] fieldName, ConstructorArgument argument) { + int place = findPlace(fieldName, fieldName.length); + + while (keys[place] != null) { + place = (place + 1) & moduloMask; + } + arguments[place] = argument; + keys[place] = fieldName; + } + + ConstructorArgument get(byte[] buffer, int len) { + int place = findPlace(buffer, len); + for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) { + byte[] key = keys[place]; + if (Arrays.equals(key, 0, key.length, buffer, 0, len)) { + return arguments[place]; + } + place = (place + 1) & moduloMask; + } + return null; + } + + private int findPlace(byte[] buffer, int len) { + int hash = hash(buffer, len); + return hash & moduloMask; + } + + private static int hash(byte[] data, int len) { + long h = 0; + int i = 0; + for (; i + 7 < len; i += 8) { + h = h * M2 + getLongFromArray(data, i); + } + if (i + 3 < len) { + h = h * M2 + getIntFromArray(data, i); + i += 4; + } + for (; i < len; i++) { + h = h * M2 + data[i]; + } + h *= M2; + return (int) (h ^ h >>> 32); + } + + private static int getIntFromArray(byte[] value, int i) { + return (int) VAR_HANDLE_INT.get(value, i); + } + + private static long getLongFromArray(byte[] value, int i) { + return (long) VAR_HANDLE_LONG.get(value, i); + } +} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/DoubleParser.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/DoubleParser.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5927f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/DoubleParser.java @@ -0,0 +1,505 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import static java.lang.Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY; +import static java.lang.Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY; +import static java.lang.Double.longBitsToDouble; +import static java.lang.Long.compareUnsigned; +import static java.lang.Long.divideUnsigned; +import static java.lang.Long.numberOfLeadingZeros; +import static java.lang.Long.remainderUnsigned; +import static java.lang.Math.abs; +import static java.lang.Math.unsignedMultiplyHigh; +import static org.simdjson.ExponentParser.isExponentIndicator; +import static org.simdjson.NumberParserTables.MIN_POWER_OF_FIVE; +import static org.simdjson.NumberParserTables.NUMBER_OF_ADDITIONAL_DIGITS_AFTER_LEFT_SHIFT; +import static org.simdjson.NumberParserTables.POWERS_OF_FIVE; +import static org.simdjson.NumberParserTables.POWER_OF_FIVE_DIGITS; + +class DoubleParser { + + // When parsing doubles, we assume that a long used to store digits is unsigned. Thus, it can safely accommodate + // up to 19 digits (9999999999999999999 < 2^64). + private static final int FAST_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT = 19; + // The smallest non-zero number representable in binary64 is 2^-1074, which is about 4.941 * 10^-324. + // If we consider a number in the form of w * 10^q where 1 <= w <= 9999999999999999999, then + // 1 * 10^q <= w * 10^q <= 9.999999999999999999 * 10^18 * 10^q. To ensure w * 10^q < 2^-1074, q must satisfy the + // following inequality: 9.999999999999999999 * 10^(18 + q) < 2^-1074. This condition holds true whenever + // 18 + q < -324. Thus, for q < -342, we can reliably conclude that the number w * 10^q is smaller than 2^-1074, + // and this, in turn means the number is equal to zero. + private static final int FAST_PATH_MIN_POWER_OF_TEN = -342; + // We know that (1 - 2^-53) * 2^1024, which is about 1.798 * 10^308, is the largest number representable in binary64. + // When the parsed number is expressed as w * 10^q, where w >= 1, we are sure that for any q > 308, the number is + // infinite. + private static final int FAST_PATH_MAX_POWER_OF_TEN = 308; + private static final double[] POWERS_OF_TEN = { + 1e0, 1e1, 1e2, 1e3, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6, 1e7, 1e8, 1e9, 1e10, 1e11, + 1e12, 1e13, 1e14, 1e15, 1e16, 1e17, 1e18, 1e19, 1e20, 1e21, 1e22 + }; + private static final long MAX_LONG_REPRESENTED_AS_DOUBLE_EXACTLY = (1L << 53) - 1; + private static final int IEEE64_EXPONENT_BIAS = 1023; + private static final int IEEE64_SIGN_BIT_INDEX = 63; + private static final int IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT = 52; + private static final int IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_SIZE_IN_BITS = IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT + 1; + private static final int IEEE64_MAX_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT = 1023; + private static final int IEEE64_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT = -1022; + private static final int IEEE64_SUBNORMAL_EXPONENT = -1023; + // This is the upper limit for the count of decimal digits taken into account in the slow path. All digits exceeding + // this threshold are excluded. + private static final int SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT = 800; + private static final int SLOW_PATH_MAX_SHIFT = 60; + private static final byte[] SLOW_PATH_SHIFTS = { + 0, 3, 6, 9, 13, 16, 19, 23, 26, 29, + 33, 36, 39, 43, 46, 49, 53, 56, 59, + }; + private static final long MULTIPLICATION_MASK = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL >>> IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT + 3; + + private final SlowPathDecimal slowPathDecimal = new SlowPathDecimal(); + private final ExponentParser exponentParser = new ExponentParser(); + + double parse(byte[] buffer, int offset, boolean negative, int digitsStartIdx, int digitCount, long digits, long exponent) { + if (shouldBeHandledBySlowPath(buffer, digitsStartIdx, digitCount)) { + return slowlyParseDouble(buffer, offset); + } else { + return computeDouble(negative, digits, exponent); + } + } + + private static boolean shouldBeHandledBySlowPath(byte[] buffer, int startDigitsIdx, int digitCount) { + if (digitCount <= FAST_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + return false; + } + int start = startDigitsIdx; + while (buffer[start] == '0' || buffer[start] == '.') { + start++; + } + int significantDigitCount = digitCount - (start - startDigitsIdx); + return significantDigitCount > FAST_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT; + } + + private static double computeDouble(boolean negative, long significand10, long exp10) { + if (abs(exp10) < POWERS_OF_TEN.length && compareUnsigned(significand10, MAX_LONG_REPRESENTED_AS_DOUBLE_EXACTLY) <= 0) { + // This path has been described in https://www.exploringbinary.com/fast-path-decimal-to-floating-point-conversion/. + double result = significand10; + if (exp10 < 0) { + result = result / POWERS_OF_TEN[(int) -exp10]; + } else { + result = result * POWERS_OF_TEN[(int) exp10]; + } + return negative ? -result : result; + } + + // The following path is an implementation of the Eisel-Lemire algorithm described by Daniel Lemire in + // "Number Parsing at a Gigabyte per Second" (https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.11408). + + if (exp10 < FAST_PATH_MIN_POWER_OF_TEN || significand10 == 0) { + return zero(negative); + } else if (exp10 > FAST_PATH_MAX_POWER_OF_TEN) { + return infinity(negative); + } + + // We start by normalizing the decimal significand so that it is within the range of [2^63, 2^64). + int lz = numberOfLeadingZeros(significand10); + significand10 <<= lz; + + // Initially, the number we are parsing is in the form of w * 10^q = w * 5^q * 2^q, and our objective is to + // convert it to m * 2^p. We can represent w * 10^q as w * 5^q * 2^r * 2^p, where w * 5^q * 2^r = m. + // Therefore, in the next step we compute w * 5^q. The implementation of this multiplication is optimized + // to minimize necessary operations while ensuring precise results. For more information, refer to the + // aforementioned paper. + int powersOfFiveTableIndex = 2 * (int) (exp10 - MIN_POWER_OF_FIVE); + long upper = unsignedMultiplyHigh(significand10, POWERS_OF_FIVE[powersOfFiveTableIndex]); + long lower = significand10 * POWERS_OF_FIVE[powersOfFiveTableIndex]; + if ((upper & MULTIPLICATION_MASK) == MULTIPLICATION_MASK) { + long secondUpper = unsignedMultiplyHigh(significand10, POWERS_OF_FIVE[powersOfFiveTableIndex + 1]); + lower += secondUpper; + if (compareUnsigned(secondUpper, lower) > 0) { + upper++; + } + // As it has been proven by Noble Mushtak and Daniel Lemire in "Fast Number Parsing Without Fallback" + // (https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.06644), at this point we are sure that the product is sufficiently accurate, + // and more computation is not needed. + } + + // Here, we extract the binary significand from the product. Although in binary64 the significand has 53 bits, + // we extract 54 bits to use the least significant bit for rounding. Since both the decimal significand and the + // values stored in POWERS_OF_FIVE are normalized, ensuring that their most significant bits are set, the product + // has either 0 or 1 leading zeros. As a result, we need to perform a right shift of either 9 or 10 bits. + long upperBit = upper >>> 63; + long upperShift = upperBit + 9; + long significand2 = upper >>> upperShift; + + // Now, we have to determine the value of the binary exponent. Let's begin by calculating the contribution of + // 10^q. Our goal is to compute f0 and f1 such that: + // - when q >= 0: 10^q = (5^q / 2^(f0 - q)) * 2^f0 + // - when q < 0: 10^q = (2^(f1 - q) / 5^-q) * 2^f1 + // Both (5^q / 2^(f0 - q)) and (2^(f1 - q) / 5^-q) must fall within the range of [1, 2). + // It turns out that these conditions are met when: + // - 0 <= q <= FAST_PATH_MAX_POWER_OF_TEN, and f0 = floor(log2(5^q)) + q = floor(q * log(5) / log(2)) + q = (217706 * q) / 2^16. + // - FAST_PATH_MIN_POWER_OF_TEN <= q < 0, and f1 = -ceil(log2(5^-q)) + q = -ceil(-q * log(5) / log(2)) + q = (217706 * q) / 2^16. + // Thus, we can express the contribution of 10^q to the exponent as (217706 * exp10) >> 16. + // + // Furthermore, we need to factor in the following normalizations we've performed: + // - shifting the decimal significand left bitwise + // - shifting the binary significand right bitwise if the most significant bit of the product was 1 + // Therefore, we add (63 - lz + upperBit) to the exponent. + long exp2 = ((217706 * exp10) >> 16) + 63 - lz + upperBit; + if (exp2 < IEEE64_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT) { + // In the next step, we right-shift the binary significand by the difference between the minimum exponent + // and the binary exponent. In Java, the shift distance is limited to the range of 0 to 63, inclusive. + // Thus, we need to handle the case when the distance is >= 64 separately and always return zero. + if (exp2 <= IEEE64_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT - 64) { + return zero(negative); + } + + // In this branch, it is likely that we are handling a subnormal number. Therefore, we adjust the significand + // to conform to the formula representing subnormal numbers: (significand2 * 2^(1 - IEEE64_EXPONENT_BIAS)) / 2^52. + significand2 >>= 1 - IEEE64_EXPONENT_BIAS - exp2; + // Round up if the significand is odd and remove the least significant bit that we've left for rounding. + significand2 += significand2 & 1; + significand2 >>= 1; + + // Here, we are addressing a scenario in which the original number was subnormal, but it became normal after + // rounding up. For example, when we are parsing 2.2250738585072013e-308 before rounding and removing the + // least significant bit significand2 = 0x3fffffffffffff and exp2 = -1023. After rounding, we get + // significand2 = 0x10000000000000, which is the significand of the smallest normal number. + exp2 = (significand2 < (1L << 52)) ? IEEE64_SUBNORMAL_EXPONENT : IEEE64_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT; + return toDouble(negative, significand2, exp2); + } + + // Here, we are addressing a scenario of rounding the binary significand when it falls precisely halfway + // between two integers. To understand the rationale behind the conditions used to identify this case, refer to + // sections 6, 8.1, and 9.1 of "Number Parsing at a Gigabyte per Second". + if (exp10 >= -4 && exp10 <= 23) { + if ((significand2 << upperShift == upper) && (compareUnsigned(lower, 1) <= 0)) { + if ((significand2 & 3) == 1) { + significand2 &= ~1; + } + } + } + + // Round up if the significand is odd and remove the least significant bit that we've left for rounding. + significand2 += significand2 & 1; + significand2 >>= 1; + + if (significand2 == (1L << IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_SIZE_IN_BITS)) { + // If we've reached here, it means that rounding has caused an overflow. We need to divide the significand + // by 2 and update the exponent accordingly. + significand2 >>= 1; + exp2++; + } + + if (exp2 > IEEE64_MAX_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT) { + return infinity(negative); + } + return toDouble(negative, significand2, exp2); + } + + private static double toDouble(boolean negative, long significand2, long exp2) { + long bits = significand2; + bits &= ~(1L << IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT); // clear the implicit bit + bits |= (exp2 + IEEE64_EXPONENT_BIAS) << IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT; + bits = negative ? (bits | (1L << IEEE64_SIGN_BIT_INDEX)) : bits; + return longBitsToDouble(bits); + } + + private static double infinity(boolean negative) { + return negative ? NEGATIVE_INFINITY : POSITIVE_INFINITY; + } + + private static double zero(boolean negative) { + return negative ? -0.0 : 0.0; + } + + // The following parser is based on the idea described in + // https://nigeltao.github.io/blog/2020/parse-number-f64-simple.html and implemented in + // https://github.com/simdjson/simdjson/blob/caff09cafceb0f5f6fc9109236d6dd09ac4bc0d8/src/from_chars.cpp + private double slowlyParseDouble(byte[] buffer, int offset) { + final SlowPathDecimal decimal = slowPathDecimal; + decimal.reset(); + + decimal.negative = buffer[offset] == '-'; + int currentIdx = decimal.negative ? offset + 1 : offset; + long exp10 = 0; + + currentIdx = skipZeros(buffer, currentIdx); + currentIdx = parseDigits(buffer, decimal, currentIdx); + if (buffer[currentIdx] == '.') { + currentIdx++; + int firstIdxAfterPeriod = currentIdx; + if (decimal.digitCount == 0) { + currentIdx = skipZeros(buffer, currentIdx); + } + currentIdx = parseDigits(buffer, decimal, currentIdx); + exp10 = firstIdxAfterPeriod - currentIdx; + } + + int currentIdxMovingBackwards = currentIdx - 1; + int trailingZeros = 0; + // Here, we also skip the period to handle cases like 100000000000000000000.000000 + while (buffer[currentIdxMovingBackwards] == '0' || buffer[currentIdxMovingBackwards] == '.') { + if (buffer[currentIdxMovingBackwards] == '0') { + trailingZeros++; + } + currentIdxMovingBackwards--; + } + exp10 += decimal.digitCount; + decimal.digitCount -= trailingZeros; + + if (decimal.digitCount > SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + decimal.digitCount = SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT; + decimal.truncated = true; + } + + if (isExponentIndicator(buffer[currentIdx])) { + currentIdx++; + exp10 = exponentParser.parse(buffer, currentIdx, exp10).exponent(); + } + + // At this point, the number we are parsing is represented in the following way: w * 10^exp10, where -1 < w < 1. + if (exp10 <= -324) { + // We know that -1e-324 < w * 10^exp10 < 1e-324. In binary64 -1e-324 = -0.0 and 1e-324 = +0.0, so we can + // safely return +/-0.0. + return zero(decimal.negative); + } else if (exp10 >= 310) { + // We know that either w * 10^exp10 <= -0.1e310 or w * 10^exp10 >= 0.1e310. + // In binary64 -0.1e310 = -inf and 0.1e310 = +inf, so we can safely return +/-inf. + return infinity(decimal.negative); + } + + decimal.exp10 = (int) exp10; + int exp2 = 0; + + // We start the following loop with the decimal in the form of w * 10^exp10. After a series of + // right-shifts (dividing by a power of 2), we transform the decimal into w' * 2^exp2 * 10^exp10', + // where exp10' is <= 0. Resultantly, w' * 10^exp10' is in the range of [0, 1). + while (decimal.exp10 > 0) { + int shift = resolveShiftDistanceBasedOnExponent10(decimal.exp10); + decimal.shiftRight(shift); + exp2 += shift; + } + + // Now, we are left-shifting to get to the point where w'' * 10^exp10'' is within the range of [1/2, 1). + while (decimal.exp10 <= 0) { + int shift; + if (decimal.exp10 == 0) { + if (decimal.digits[0] >= 5) { + break; + } + shift = (decimal.digits[0] < 2) ? 2 : 1; + } else { + shift = resolveShiftDistanceBasedOnExponent10(-decimal.exp10); + } + decimal.shiftLeft(shift); + exp2 -= shift; + } + + // Here, w'' * 10^exp10'' falls within the range of [1/2, 1). In binary64, the significand must be within the + // range of [1, 2). We can get to the target range by decreasing the binary exponent. Resultantly, the decimal + // is represented as w'' * 10^exp10'' * 2^exp2, where w'' * 10^exp10'' is in the range of [1, 2). + exp2--; + + while (IEEE64_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT > exp2) { + int n = IEEE64_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT - exp2; + if (n > SLOW_PATH_MAX_SHIFT) { + n = SLOW_PATH_MAX_SHIFT; + } + decimal.shiftRight(n); + exp2 += n; + } + + // To conform to the IEEE 754 standard, the binary significand must fall within the range of [2^52, 2^53). Hence, + // we perform the following multiplication. If, after this step, the significand is less than 2^52, we have a + // subnormal number, which we will address later. + decimal.shiftLeft(IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_SIZE_IN_BITS); + + long significand2 = decimal.computeSignificand(); + if (significand2 >= (1L << IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_SIZE_IN_BITS)) { + // If we've reached here, it means that rounding has caused an overflow. We need to divide the significand + // by 2 and update the exponent accordingly. + significand2 >>= 1; + exp2++; + } + + if (significand2 < (1L << IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT)) { + exp2 = IEEE64_SUBNORMAL_EXPONENT; + } + if (exp2 > IEEE64_MAX_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT) { + return infinity(decimal.negative); + } + return toDouble(decimal.negative, significand2, exp2); + } + + private static int resolveShiftDistanceBasedOnExponent10(int exp10) { + return (exp10 < SLOW_PATH_SHIFTS.length) ? SLOW_PATH_SHIFTS[exp10] : SLOW_PATH_MAX_SHIFT; + } + + private int skipZeros(byte[] buffer, int currentIdx) { + while (buffer[currentIdx] == '0') { + currentIdx++; + } + return currentIdx; + } + + private int parseDigits(byte[] buffer, SlowPathDecimal decimal, int currentIdx) { + while (isDigit(buffer[currentIdx])) { + if (decimal.digitCount < SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + decimal.digits[decimal.digitCount] = convertCharacterToDigit(buffer[currentIdx]); + } + decimal.digitCount++; + currentIdx++; + } + return currentIdx; + } + + private static byte convertCharacterToDigit(byte b) { + return (byte) (b - '0'); + } + + private static boolean isDigit(byte b) { + return b >= '0' && b <= '9'; + } + + private static class SlowPathDecimal { + + final byte[] digits = new byte[SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT]; + int digitCount; + int exp10; + boolean truncated; + boolean negative; + + // Before calling this method we have to make sure that the significand is within the range of [0, 2^53 - 1]. + long computeSignificand() { + if (digitCount == 0 || exp10 < 0) { + return 0; + } + long significand = 0; + for (int i = 0; i < exp10; i++) { + significand = (10 * significand) + ((i < digitCount) ? digits[i] : 0); + } + boolean roundUp = false; + if (exp10 < digitCount) { + roundUp = digits[exp10] >= 5; + if ((digits[exp10] == 5) && (exp10 + 1 == digitCount)) { + // If the digits haven't been truncated, then we are exactly halfway between two integers. In such + // cases, we round to even, otherwise we round up. + roundUp = truncated || (significand & 1) == 1; + } + } + return roundUp ? ++significand : significand; + } + + void shiftLeft(int shift) { + if (digitCount == 0) { + return; + } + + int numberOfAdditionalDigits = calculateNumberOfAdditionalDigitsAfterLeftShift(shift); + int readIndex = digitCount - 1; + int writeIndex = digitCount - 1 + numberOfAdditionalDigits; + long n = 0; + + while (readIndex >= 0) { + n += (long) digits[readIndex] << shift; + long quotient = divideUnsigned(n, 10); + long remainder = remainderUnsigned(n, 10); + if (writeIndex < SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + digits[writeIndex] = (byte) remainder; + } else if (remainder > 0) { + truncated = true; + } + n = quotient; + writeIndex--; + readIndex--; + } + + while (compareUnsigned(n, 0) > 0) { + long quotient = divideUnsigned(n, 10); + long remainder = remainderUnsigned(n, 10); + if (writeIndex < SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + digits[writeIndex] = (byte) remainder; + } else if (remainder > 0) { + truncated = true; + } + n = quotient; + writeIndex--; + } + digitCount += numberOfAdditionalDigits; + if (digitCount > SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + digitCount = SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT; + } + exp10 += numberOfAdditionalDigits; + trimTrailingZeros(); + } + + // See https://nigeltao.github.io/blog/2020/parse-number-f64-simple.html#hpd-shifts + private int calculateNumberOfAdditionalDigitsAfterLeftShift(int shift) { + int a = NUMBER_OF_ADDITIONAL_DIGITS_AFTER_LEFT_SHIFT[shift]; + int b = NUMBER_OF_ADDITIONAL_DIGITS_AFTER_LEFT_SHIFT[shift + 1]; + int newDigitCount = a >> 11; + int pow5OffsetA = 0x7FF & a; + int pow5OffsetB = 0x7FF & b; + + int n = pow5OffsetB - pow5OffsetA; + for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { + if (i >= digitCount) { + return newDigitCount - 1; + } else if (digits[i] < POWER_OF_FIVE_DIGITS[pow5OffsetA + i]) { + return newDigitCount - 1; + } else if (digits[i] > POWER_OF_FIVE_DIGITS[pow5OffsetA + i]) { + return newDigitCount; + } + } + return newDigitCount; + } + + void shiftRight(int shift) { + int readIndex = 0; + int writeIndex = 0; + long n = 0; + + while ((n >>> shift) == 0) { + if (readIndex < digitCount) { + n = (10 * n) + digits[readIndex++]; + } else if (n == 0) { + return; + } else { + while ((n >>> shift) == 0) { + n = 10 * n; + readIndex++; + } + break; + } + } + exp10 -= (readIndex - 1); + long mask = (1L << shift) - 1; + while (readIndex < digitCount) { + byte newDigit = (byte) (n >>> shift); + n = (10 * (n & mask)) + digits[readIndex++]; + digits[writeIndex++] = newDigit; + } + while (compareUnsigned(n, 0) > 0) { + byte newDigit = (byte) (n >>> shift); + n = 10 * (n & mask); + if (writeIndex < SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + digits[writeIndex++] = newDigit; + } else if (newDigit > 0) { + truncated = true; + } + } + digitCount = writeIndex; + trimTrailingZeros(); + } + + private void trimTrailingZeros() { + while ((digitCount > 0) && (digits[digitCount - 1] == 0)) { + digitCount--; + } + } + + private void reset() { + digitCount = 0; + exp10 = 0; + truncated = false; + } + } +} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ExponentParser.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ExponentParser.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be07a37 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ExponentParser.java @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +class ExponentParser { + + private final ExponentParsingResult result = new ExponentParsingResult(); + + static boolean isExponentIndicator(byte b) { + return 'e' == b || 'E' == b; + } + + ExponentParsingResult parse(byte[] buffer, int currentIdx, long exponent) { + boolean negative = '-' == buffer[currentIdx]; + if (negative || '+' == buffer[currentIdx]) { + currentIdx++; + } + int exponentStartIdx = currentIdx; + + long parsedExponent = 0; + byte digit = convertCharacterToDigit(buffer[currentIdx]); + while (digit >= 0 && digit <= 9) { + parsedExponent = 10 * parsedExponent + digit; + currentIdx++; + digit = convertCharacterToDigit(buffer[currentIdx]); + } + + if (exponentStartIdx == currentIdx) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Exponent indicator has to be followed by a digit."); + } + // Long.MAX_VALUE = 9223372036854775807 (19 digits). Therefore, any number with <= 18 digits can be safely + // stored in a long without causing an overflow. + int maxDigitCountLongCanAccommodate = 18; + if (currentIdx > exponentStartIdx + maxDigitCountLongCanAccommodate) { + // Potentially, we have an overflow here. We try to skip leading zeros. + while (buffer[exponentStartIdx] == '0') { + exponentStartIdx++; + } + if (currentIdx > exponentStartIdx + maxDigitCountLongCanAccommodate) { + // We still have more digits than a long can safely accommodate. + // + // The largest finite number that can be represented in binary64 is (1-2^-53) * 2^1024, which is about + // 1.798e308, and the smallest non-zero number is 2^-1074, roughly 4.941e-324. So, we might, potentially, + // care only about numbers with explicit exponents falling within the range of [-324, 308], and return + // either zero or infinity for everything outside of this range.However, we have to take into account + // the fractional part of the parsed number. This part can potentially cancel out the value of the + // explicit exponent. For example, 1000e-325 (1 * 10^3 * 10^-325 = 1 * 10^-322) is not equal to zero + // despite the explicit exponent being less than -324. + // + // Let's consider a scenario where the explicit exponent is greater than 999999999999999999. As long as + // the fractional part has <= 999999999999999690 digits, it doesn't matter whether we take + // 999999999999999999 or its actual value as the explicit exponent. This is due to the fact that the + // parsed number is infinite anyway (w * 10^-q * 10^999999999999999999 > (1-2^-53) * 2^1024, 0 < w < 10, + // 0 <= q <= 999999999999999690). Similarly, in a scenario where the explicit exponent is less than + // -999999999999999999, as long as the fractional part has <= 999999999999999674 digits, we can safely + // take 999999999999999999 as the explicit exponent, given that the parsed number is zero anyway + // (w * 10^q * 10^-999999999999999999 < 2^-1074, 0 < w < 10, 0 <= q <= 999999999999999674) + // + // Note that if the fractional part had 999999999999999674 digits, the JSON size would need to be + // 999999999999999674 bytes, which is approximately ~888 PiB. Consequently, it's reasonable to assume + // that the fractional part contains no more than 999999999999999674 digits. + parsedExponent = 999999999999999999L; + } + } + // Note that we don't check if 'exponent' has overflowed after the following addition. This is because we + // know that the parsed exponent falls within the range of [-999999999999999999, 999999999999999999]. We also + // assume that 'exponent' before the addition is within the range of [-9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807]. + // This assumption should always be valid as the value of 'exponent' is constrained by the size of the JSON input. + exponent += negative ? -parsedExponent : parsedExponent; + return result.of(exponent, currentIdx); + } + + private static byte convertCharacterToDigit(byte b) { + return (byte) (b - '0'); + } + + static class ExponentParsingResult { + + private long exponent; + private int currentIdx; + + ExponentParsingResult of(long exponent, int currentIdx) { + this.exponent = exponent; + this.currentIdx = currentIdx; + return this; + } + + long exponent() { + return exponent; + } + + int currentIdx() { + return currentIdx; + } + } +} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/FloatParser.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/FloatParser.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d3ebfa --- /dev/null +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/FloatParser.java @@ -0,0 +1,504 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import static java.lang.Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY; +import static java.lang.Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY; +import static java.lang.Long.compareUnsigned; +import static java.lang.Long.divideUnsigned; +import static java.lang.Long.numberOfLeadingZeros; +import static java.lang.Long.remainderUnsigned; +import static java.lang.Math.abs; +import static java.lang.Math.unsignedMultiplyHigh; +import static org.simdjson.ExponentParser.isExponentIndicator; +import static org.simdjson.NumberParserTables.MIN_POWER_OF_FIVE; +import static org.simdjson.NumberParserTables.NUMBER_OF_ADDITIONAL_DIGITS_AFTER_LEFT_SHIFT; +import static org.simdjson.NumberParserTables.POWERS_OF_FIVE; +import static org.simdjson.NumberParserTables.POWER_OF_FIVE_DIGITS; + +class FloatParser { + + // When parsing floats, we assume that a long used to store digits is unsigned. Thus, it can safely accommodate + // up to 19 digits (9999999999999999999 < 2^64). + private static final int FAST_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT = 19; + // The smallest non-zero number representable in binary32 is 2^-149, which is about 1.4 * 10^-45. + // If we consider a number in the form of w * 10^q where 1 <= w <= 9999999999999999999, then + // 1 * 10^q <= w * 10^q <= 9.999999999999999999 * 10^18 * 10^q. To ensure w * 10^q < 2^-149, q must satisfy the + // following inequality: 9.999999999999999999 * 10^(18 + q) < 2^-149. This condition holds true whenever + // 18 + q < -45. Thus, for q < -63, we can reliably conclude that the number w * 10^q is smaller than 2^-149, + // and this, in turn means the number is equal to zero. + private static final int FAST_PATH_MIN_POWER_OF_TEN = -63; // todo: https://github.com/fastfloat/fast_float/pull/167 + // We know that (1 - 2^-24) * 2^128, which is about 3.4 * 10^38, is the largest number representable in binary64. + // When the parsed number is expressed as w * 10^q, where w >= 1, we are sure that for any q > 38, the number is + // infinite. + private static final int FAST_PATH_MAX_POWER_OF_TEN = 38; + private static final float[] POWERS_OF_TEN = { + 1e0f, 1e1f, 1e2f, 1e3f, 1e4f, 1e5f, 1e6f, 1e7f, 1e8f, 1e9f, 1e10f + }; + private static final long MAX_LONG_REPRESENTED_AS_FLOAT_EXACTLY = (1L << 24) - 1; + private static final int IEEE32_EXPONENT_BIAS = 127; + private static final int IEEE32_SIGN_BIT_INDEX = 31; + private static final int IEEE32_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT = 23; + private static final int IEEE32_SIGNIFICAND_SIZE_IN_BITS = IEEE32_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT + 1; + private static final int IEEE32_MAX_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT = 127; + private static final int IEEE32_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT = -126; + private static final int IEEE32_SUBNORMAL_EXPONENT = -127; + // This is the upper limit for the count of decimal digits taken into account in the slow path. All digits exceeding + // this threshold are excluded. + private static final int SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT = 800; + private static final int SLOW_PATH_MAX_SHIFT = 60; + private static final byte[] SLOW_PATH_SHIFTS = { + 0, 3, 6, 9, 13, 16, 19, 23, 26, 29, + 33, 36, 39, 43, 46, 49, 53, 56, 59, + }; + private static final long MULTIPLICATION_MASK = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL >>> IEEE32_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT + 3; + + private final SlowPathDecimal slowPathDecimal = new SlowPathDecimal(); + private final ExponentParser exponentParser = new ExponentParser(); + + float parse(byte[] buffer, int offset, boolean negative, int digitsStartIdx, int digitCount, long digits, long exponent) { + if (shouldBeHandledBySlowPath(buffer, digitsStartIdx, digitCount)) { + return slowlyParseFloat(buffer, offset); + } else { + return computeFloat(negative, digits, exponent); + } + } + + private static boolean shouldBeHandledBySlowPath(byte[] buffer, int startDigitsIdx, int digitCount) { + if (digitCount <= FAST_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + return false; + } + int start = startDigitsIdx; + while (buffer[start] == '0' || buffer[start] == '.') { + start++; + } + int significantDigitCount = digitCount - (start - startDigitsIdx); + return significantDigitCount > FAST_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT; + } + + private static float computeFloat(boolean negative, long significand10, long exp10) { + if (abs(exp10) < POWERS_OF_TEN.length && compareUnsigned(significand10, MAX_LONG_REPRESENTED_AS_FLOAT_EXACTLY) <= 0) { + // This path has been described in https://www.exploringbinary.com/fast-path-decimal-to-floating-point-conversion/. + float result = significand10; + if (exp10 < 0) { + result = result / POWERS_OF_TEN[(int) -exp10]; + } else { + result = result * POWERS_OF_TEN[(int) exp10]; + } + return negative ? -result : result; + } + + // The following path is an implementation of the Eisel-Lemire algorithm described by Daniel Lemire in + // "Number Parsing at a Gigabyte per Second" (https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.11408). + + if (exp10 < FAST_PATH_MIN_POWER_OF_TEN || significand10 == 0) { + return zero(negative); + } else if (exp10 > FAST_PATH_MAX_POWER_OF_TEN) { + return infinity(negative); + } + + // We start by normalizing the decimal significand so that it is within the range of [2^63, 2^64). + int lz = numberOfLeadingZeros(significand10); + significand10 <<= lz; + + // Initially, the number we are parsing is in the form of w * 10^q = w * 5^q * 2^q, and our objective is to + // convert it to m * 2^p. We can represent w * 10^q as w * 5^q * 2^r * 2^p, where w * 5^q * 2^r = m. + // Therefore, in the next step we compute w * 5^q. The implementation of this multiplication is optimized + // to minimize necessary operations while ensuring precise results. For more information, refer to the + // aforementioned paper. + int powersOfFiveTableIndex = 2 * (int) (exp10 - MIN_POWER_OF_FIVE); + long upper = unsignedMultiplyHigh(significand10, POWERS_OF_FIVE[powersOfFiveTableIndex]); + long lower = significand10 * POWERS_OF_FIVE[powersOfFiveTableIndex]; + if ((upper & MULTIPLICATION_MASK) == MULTIPLICATION_MASK) { + long secondUpper = unsignedMultiplyHigh(significand10, POWERS_OF_FIVE[powersOfFiveTableIndex + 1]); + lower += secondUpper; + if (compareUnsigned(secondUpper, lower) > 0) { + upper++; + } + // As it has been proven by Noble Mushtak and Daniel Lemire in "Fast Number Parsing Without Fallback" + // (https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.06644), at this point we are sure that the product is sufficiently accurate, + // and more computation is not needed. + } + + // Here, we extract the binary significand from the product. Although in binary32 the significand has 24 bits, + // we extract 25 bits to use the least significant bit for rounding. Since both the decimal significand and the + // values stored in POWERS_OF_FIVE are normalized, ensuring that their most significant bits are set, the product + // has either 0 or 1 leading zeros. As a result, we need to perform a right shift of either 38 or 39 bits. + long upperBit = upper >>> 63; + long upperShift = upperBit + 38; + long significand2 = upper >>> upperShift; + + // Now, we have to determine the value of the binary exponent. Let's begin by calculating the contribution of + // 10^q. Our goal is to compute f0 and f1 such that: + // - when q >= 0: 10^q = (5^q / 2^(f0 - q)) * 2^f0 + // - when q < 0: 10^q = (2^(f1 - q) / 5^-q) * 2^f1 + // Both (5^q / 2^(f0 - q)) and (2^(f1 - q) / 5^-q) must fall within the range of [1, 2). + // It turns out that these conditions are met when: + // - 0 <= q <= FAST_PATH_MAX_POWER_OF_TEN, and f0 = floor(log2(5^q)) + q = floor(q * log(5) / log(2)) + q = (217706 * q) / 2^16. + // - FAST_PATH_MIN_POWER_OF_TEN <= q < 0, and f1 = -ceil(log2(5^-q)) + q = -ceil(-q * log(5) / log(2)) + q = (217706 * q) / 2^16. + // Thus, we can express the contribution of 10^q to the exponent as (217706 * exp10) >> 16. + // + // Furthermore, we need to factor in the following normalizations we've performed: + // - shifting the decimal significand left bitwise + // - shifting the binary significand right bitwise if the most significant bit of the product was 1 + // Therefore, we add (63 - lz + upperBit) to the exponent. + long exp2 = ((217706 * exp10) >> 16) + 63 - lz + upperBit; + if (exp2 < IEEE32_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT) { + // In the next step, we right-shift the binary significand by the difference between the minimum exponent + // and the binary exponent. In Java, the shift distance is limited to the range of 0 to 63, inclusive. + // Thus, we need to handle the case when the distance is >= 64 separately and always return zero. + if (exp2 <= IEEE32_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT - 64) { + return zero(negative); + } + + // In this branch, it is likely that we are handling a subnormal number. Therefore, we adjust the significand + // to conform to the formula representing subnormal numbers: (significand2 * 2^(1 - IEEE32_EXPONENT_BIAS)) / 2^23. + significand2 >>= 1 - IEEE32_EXPONENT_BIAS - exp2; + // Round up if the significand is odd and remove the least significant bit that we've left for rounding. + + significand2 += significand2 & 1; + significand2 >>= 1; + + // Here, we are addressing a scenario in which the original number was subnormal, but it became normal after + // rounding up. For example, when we are parsing 1.17549433e-38 before rounding and removing the least + // significant bit significand2 = 0x1FFFFFF and exp2 = -127. After rounding, we get significand2 = 0x800000, + // which is the significand of the smallest normal number. + exp2 = (significand2 < (1L << 23)) ? IEEE32_SUBNORMAL_EXPONENT : IEEE32_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT; + return toFloat(negative, (int) significand2, (int) exp2); + } + + // Here, we are addressing a scenario of rounding the binary significand when it falls precisely halfway + // between two integers. To understand the rationale behind the conditions used to identify this case, refer to + // sections 6, 8.1, and 9.1 of "Number Parsing at a Gigabyte per Second". + if (exp10 >= -17 && exp10 <= 10) { + if ((significand2 << upperShift == upper) && (compareUnsigned(lower, 1) <= 0)) { + if ((significand2 & 3) == 1) { + significand2 &= ~1; + } + } + } + + // Round up if the significand is odd and remove the least significant bit that we've left for rounding. + significand2 += significand2 & 1; + significand2 >>= 1; + + if (significand2 == (1L << IEEE32_SIGNIFICAND_SIZE_IN_BITS)) { + // If we've reached here, it means that rounding has caused an overflow. We need to divide the significand + // by 2 and update the exponent accordingly. + significand2 >>= 1; + exp2++; + } + + if (exp2 > IEEE32_MAX_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT) { + return infinity(negative); + } + return toFloat(negative, (int) significand2, (int) exp2); + } + + private static float toFloat(boolean negative, int significand2, int exp2) { + int bits = significand2; + bits &= ~(1 << IEEE32_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT); // clear the implicit bit + bits |= (exp2 + IEEE32_EXPONENT_BIAS) << IEEE32_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT; + bits = negative ? (bits | (1 << IEEE32_SIGN_BIT_INDEX)) : bits; + return Float.intBitsToFloat(bits); + } + + private static float infinity(boolean negative) { + return negative ? NEGATIVE_INFINITY : POSITIVE_INFINITY; + } + + private static float zero(boolean negative) { + return negative ? -0.0f : 0.0f; + } + + // The following parser is based on the idea described in + // https://nigeltao.github.io/blog/2020/parse-number-f64-simple.html and implemented in + // https://github.com/simdjson/simdjson/blob/caff09cafceb0f5f6fc9109236d6dd09ac4bc0d8/src/from_chars.cpp + private float slowlyParseFloat(byte[] buffer, int offset) { + final SlowPathDecimal decimal = slowPathDecimal; + decimal.reset(); + + decimal.negative = buffer[offset] == '-'; + int currentIdx = decimal.negative ? offset + 1 : offset; + long exp10 = 0; + + currentIdx = skipZeros(buffer, currentIdx); + currentIdx = parseDigits(buffer, decimal, currentIdx); + if (buffer[currentIdx] == '.') { + currentIdx++; + int firstIdxAfterPeriod = currentIdx; + if (decimal.digitCount == 0) { + currentIdx = skipZeros(buffer, currentIdx); + } + currentIdx = parseDigits(buffer, decimal, currentIdx); + exp10 = firstIdxAfterPeriod - currentIdx; + } + + int currentIdxMovingBackwards = currentIdx - 1; + int trailingZeros = 0; + // Here, we also skip the period to handle cases like 100000000000000000000.000000 + while (buffer[currentIdxMovingBackwards] == '0' || buffer[currentIdxMovingBackwards] == '.') { + if (buffer[currentIdxMovingBackwards] == '0') { + trailingZeros++; + } + currentIdxMovingBackwards--; + } + exp10 += decimal.digitCount; + decimal.digitCount -= trailingZeros; + + if (decimal.digitCount > SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + decimal.digitCount = SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT; + decimal.truncated = true; + } + + if (isExponentIndicator(buffer[currentIdx])) { + currentIdx++; + exp10 = exponentParser.parse(buffer, currentIdx, exp10).exponent(); + } + + // At this point, the number we are parsing is represented in the following way: w * 10^exp10, where -1 < w < 1. + if (exp10 <= -46) { + // We know that -1e-46 < w * 10^exp10 < 1e-46. In binary32 -1e-46 = -0.0 and 1e-46 = +0.0, so we can + // safely return +/-0.0. + return zero(decimal.negative); + } else if (exp10 >= 40) { + // We know that either w * 10^exp10 <= -0.1e40 or w * 10^exp10 >= 0.1e40. + // In binary32 -0.1e40 = -inf and 0.1e40 = +inf, so we can safely return +/-inf. + return infinity(decimal.negative); + } + + decimal.exp10 = (int) exp10; + int exp2 = 0; + + // We start the following loop with the decimal in the form of w * 10^exp10. After a series of + // right-shifts (dividing by a power of 2), we transform the decimal into w' * 2^exp2 * 10^exp10', + // where exp10' is <= 0. Resultantly, w' * 10^exp10' is in the range of [0, 1). + while (decimal.exp10 > 0) { + int shift = resolveShiftDistanceBasedOnExponent10(decimal.exp10); + decimal.shiftRight(shift); + exp2 += shift; + } + + // Now, we are left-shifting to get to the point where w'' * 10^exp10'' is within the range of [1/2, 1). + while (decimal.exp10 <= 0) { + int shift; + if (decimal.exp10 == 0) { + if (decimal.digits[0] >= 5) { + break; + } + shift = (decimal.digits[0] < 2) ? 2 : 1; + } else { + shift = resolveShiftDistanceBasedOnExponent10(-decimal.exp10); + } + decimal.shiftLeft(shift); + exp2 -= shift; + } + + // Here, w'' * 10^exp10'' falls within the range of [1/2, 1). In binary32, the significand must be within the + // range of [1, 2). We can get to the target range by decreasing the binary exponent. Resultantly, the decimal + // is represented as w'' * 10^exp10'' * 2^exp2, where w'' * 10^exp10'' is in the range of [1, 2). + exp2--; + + while (IEEE32_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT > exp2) { + int n = IEEE32_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT - exp2; + if (n > SLOW_PATH_MAX_SHIFT) { + n = SLOW_PATH_MAX_SHIFT; + } + decimal.shiftRight(n); + exp2 += n; + } + + // To conform to the IEEE 754 standard, the binary significand must fall within the range of [2^23, 2^24). Hence, + // we perform the following multiplication. If, after this step, the significand is less than 2^23, we have a + // subnormal number, which we will address later. + decimal.shiftLeft(IEEE32_SIGNIFICAND_SIZE_IN_BITS); + + long significand2 = decimal.computeSignificand(); + if (significand2 >= (1L << IEEE32_SIGNIFICAND_SIZE_IN_BITS)) { + // If we've reached here, it means that rounding has caused an overflow. We need to divide the significand + // by 2 and update the exponent accordingly. + significand2 >>= 1; + exp2++; + } + + if (significand2 < (1L << IEEE32_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT)) { + exp2 = IEEE32_SUBNORMAL_EXPONENT; + } + if (exp2 > IEEE32_MAX_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT) { + return infinity(decimal.negative); + } + return toFloat(decimal.negative, (int) significand2, exp2); + } + + private static int resolveShiftDistanceBasedOnExponent10(int exp10) { + return (exp10 < SLOW_PATH_SHIFTS.length) ? SLOW_PATH_SHIFTS[exp10] : SLOW_PATH_MAX_SHIFT; + } + + private int skipZeros(byte[] buffer, int currentIdx) { + while (buffer[currentIdx] == '0') { + currentIdx++; + } + return currentIdx; + } + + private int parseDigits(byte[] buffer, SlowPathDecimal decimal, int currentIdx) { + while (isDigit(buffer[currentIdx])) { + if (decimal.digitCount < SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + decimal.digits[decimal.digitCount] = convertCharacterToDigit(buffer[currentIdx]); + } + decimal.digitCount++; + currentIdx++; + } + return currentIdx; + } + + private static byte convertCharacterToDigit(byte b) { + return (byte) (b - '0'); + } + + private static boolean isDigit(byte b) { + return b >= '0' && b <= '9'; + } + + private static class SlowPathDecimal { + + final byte[] digits = new byte[SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT]; + int digitCount; + int exp10; + boolean truncated; + boolean negative; + + // Before calling this method we have to make sure that the significand is within the range of [0, 2^24 - 1]. + long computeSignificand() { + if (digitCount == 0 || exp10 < 0) { + return 0; + } + long significand = 0; + for (int i = 0; i < exp10; i++) { + significand = (10 * significand) + ((i < digitCount) ? digits[i] : 0); + } + boolean roundUp = false; + if (exp10 < digitCount) { + roundUp = digits[exp10] >= 5; + if ((digits[exp10] == 5) && (exp10 + 1 == digitCount)) { + // If the digits haven't been truncated, then we are exactly halfway between two integers. In such + // cases, we round to even, otherwise we round up. + roundUp = truncated || (significand & 1) == 1; + } + } + return roundUp ? ++significand : significand; + } + + void shiftLeft(int shift) { + if (digitCount == 0) { + return; + } + + int numberOfAdditionalDigits = calculateNumberOfAdditionalDigitsAfterLeftShift(shift); + int readIndex = digitCount - 1; + int writeIndex = digitCount - 1 + numberOfAdditionalDigits; + long n = 0; + + while (readIndex >= 0) { + n += (long) digits[readIndex] << shift; + long quotient = divideUnsigned(n, 10); + long remainder = remainderUnsigned(n, 10); + if (writeIndex < SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + digits[writeIndex] = (byte) remainder; + } else if (remainder > 0) { + truncated = true; + } + n = quotient; + writeIndex--; + readIndex--; + } + + while (compareUnsigned(n, 0) > 0) { + long quotient = divideUnsigned(n, 10); + long remainder = remainderUnsigned(n, 10); + if (writeIndex < SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + digits[writeIndex] = (byte) remainder; + } else if (remainder > 0) { + truncated = true; + } + n = quotient; + writeIndex--; + } + digitCount += numberOfAdditionalDigits; + if (digitCount > SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + digitCount = SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT; + } + exp10 += numberOfAdditionalDigits; + trimTrailingZeros(); + } + + // See https://nigeltao.github.io/blog/2020/parse-number-f64-simple.html#hpd-shifts + private int calculateNumberOfAdditionalDigitsAfterLeftShift(int shift) { + int a = NUMBER_OF_ADDITIONAL_DIGITS_AFTER_LEFT_SHIFT[shift]; + int b = NUMBER_OF_ADDITIONAL_DIGITS_AFTER_LEFT_SHIFT[shift + 1]; + int newDigitCount = a >> 11; + int pow5OffsetA = 0x7FF & a; + int pow5OffsetB = 0x7FF & b; + + int n = pow5OffsetB - pow5OffsetA; + for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { + if (i >= digitCount) { + return newDigitCount - 1; + } else if (digits[i] < POWER_OF_FIVE_DIGITS[pow5OffsetA + i]) { + return newDigitCount - 1; + } else if (digits[i] > POWER_OF_FIVE_DIGITS[pow5OffsetA + i]) { + return newDigitCount; + } + } + return newDigitCount; + } + + void shiftRight(int shift) { + int readIndex = 0; + int writeIndex = 0; + long n = 0; + + while ((n >>> shift) == 0) { + if (readIndex < digitCount) { + n = (10 * n) + digits[readIndex++]; + } else if (n == 0) { + return; + } else { + while ((n >>> shift) == 0) { + n = 10 * n; + readIndex++; + } + break; + } + } + exp10 -= (readIndex - 1); + long mask = (1L << shift) - 1; + while (readIndex < digitCount) { + byte newDigit = (byte) (n >>> shift); + n = (10 * (n & mask)) + digits[readIndex++]; + digits[writeIndex++] = newDigit; + } + while (compareUnsigned(n, 0) > 0) { + byte newDigit = (byte) (n >>> shift); + n = 10 * (n & mask); + if (writeIndex < SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + digits[writeIndex++] = newDigit; + } else if (newDigit > 0) { + truncated = true; + } + } + digitCount = writeIndex; + trimTrailingZeros(); + } + + private void trimTrailingZeros() { + while ((digitCount > 0) && (digits[digitCount - 1] == 0)) { + digitCount--; + } + } + + private void reset() { + digitCount = 0; + exp10 = 0; + truncated = false; + } + } +} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonIterator.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonIterator.java index 3e96274..2ca2f26 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonIterator.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonIterator.java @@ -17,21 +17,28 @@ class JsonIterator { private final BitIndexes indexer; private final boolean[] isArray; - JsonIterator(BitIndexes indexer, int capacity, int maxDepth, int padding) { + JsonIterator(BitIndexes indexer, byte[] stringBuffer, int capacity, int maxDepth, int padding) { this.indexer = indexer; this.isArray = new boolean[maxDepth]; - this.tapeBuilder = new TapeBuilder(capacity, maxDepth, padding); + this.tapeBuilder = new TapeBuilder(capacity, maxDepth, padding, stringBuffer); } JsonValue walkDocument(byte[] buffer, int len) { + if (indexer.isEnd()) { + throw new JsonParsingException("No structural element found."); + } + tapeBuilder.visitDocumentStart(); int depth = 0; int state; - int idx = indexer.advance(); + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); switch (buffer[idx]) { case '{' -> { + if (buffer[indexer.getLast()] != '}') { + throw new JsonParsingException("Unclosed object. Missing '}' for starting '{'."); + } if (buffer[indexer.peek()] == '}') { indexer.advance(); tapeBuilder.visitEmptyObject(); @@ -41,6 +48,9 @@ JsonValue walkDocument(byte[] buffer, int len) { } } case '[' -> { + if (buffer[indexer.getLast()] != ']') { + throw new JsonParsingException("Unclosed array. Missing ']' for starting '['."); + } if (buffer[indexer.peek()] == ']') { indexer.advance(); tapeBuilder.visitEmptyArray(); @@ -55,13 +65,13 @@ JsonValue walkDocument(byte[] buffer, int len) { } } - while (indexer.hasNext()) { + while (state != DOCUMENT_END) { if (state == OBJECT_BEGIN) { depth++; isArray[depth] = false; tapeBuilder.visitObjectStart(depth); - int keyIdx = indexer.advance(); + int keyIdx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); if (buffer[keyIdx] != '"') { throw new JsonParsingException("Object does not start with a key"); } @@ -71,10 +81,10 @@ JsonValue walkDocument(byte[] buffer, int len) { } if (state == OBJECT_FIELD) { - if (buffer[indexer.advance()] != ':') { + if (buffer[indexer.getAndAdvance()] != ':') { throw new JsonParsingException("Missing colon after key in object"); } - idx = indexer.advance(); + idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); switch (buffer[idx]) { case '{' -> { if (buffer[indexer.peek()] == '}') { @@ -102,10 +112,10 @@ JsonValue walkDocument(byte[] buffer, int len) { } if (state == OBJECT_CONTINUE) { - switch (buffer[indexer.advance()]) { + switch (buffer[indexer.getAndAdvance()]) { case ',' -> { tapeBuilder.incrementCount(depth); - int keyIdx = indexer.advance(); + int keyIdx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); if (buffer[keyIdx] != '"') { throw new JsonParsingException("Key string missing at beginning of field in object"); } @@ -140,7 +150,7 @@ JsonValue walkDocument(byte[] buffer, int len) { } if (state == ARRAY_VALUE) { - idx = indexer.advance(); + idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); switch (buffer[idx]) { case '{' -> { if (buffer[indexer.peek()] == '}') { @@ -168,7 +178,7 @@ JsonValue walkDocument(byte[] buffer, int len) { } if (state == ARRAY_CONTINUE) { - switch (buffer[indexer.advance()]) { + switch (buffer[indexer.getAndAdvance()]) { case ',' -> { tapeBuilder.incrementCount(depth); state = ARRAY_VALUE; @@ -180,14 +190,11 @@ JsonValue walkDocument(byte[] buffer, int len) { default -> throw new JsonParsingException("Missing comma between array values"); } } + } + tapeBuilder.visitDocumentEnd(); - if (state == DOCUMENT_END) { - tapeBuilder.visitDocumentEnd(); - - if (!indexer.isEnd()) { - throw new JsonParsingException("More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"); - } - } + if (!indexer.isEnd()) { + throw new JsonParsingException("More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"); } return tapeBuilder.createJsonValue(buffer); } diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonParsingException.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonParsingException.java index 5091eb2..2c924d8 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonParsingException.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonParsingException.java @@ -5,4 +5,8 @@ public class JsonParsingException extends RuntimeException { JsonParsingException(String message) { super(message); } + + JsonParsingException(String message, Throwable throwable) { + super(message, throwable); + } } diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonValue.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonValue.java index 279f55a..6877519 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonValue.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonValue.java @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Map; +import java.util.NoSuchElementException; import static org.simdjson.Tape.DOUBLE; import static org.simdjson.Tape.FALSE_VALUE; @@ -157,9 +158,12 @@ public boolean hasNext() { @Override public JsonValue next() { - JsonValue value = new JsonValue(tape, idx, stringBuffer, buffer); - idx = tape.computeNextIndex(idx); - return value; + if (hasNext()) { + JsonValue value = new JsonValue(tape, idx, stringBuffer, buffer); + idx = tape.computeNextIndex(idx); + return value; + } + throw new NoSuchElementException("No more elements"); } } diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/NumberParser.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/NumberParser.java index 7c9c101..44fab42 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/NumberParser.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/NumberParser.java @@ -1,73 +1,34 @@ package org.simdjson; -import static java.lang.Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY; -import static java.lang.Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY; -import static java.lang.Double.longBitsToDouble; -import static java.lang.Long.compareUnsigned; -import static java.lang.Long.divideUnsigned; -import static java.lang.Long.numberOfLeadingZeros; -import static java.lang.Long.remainderUnsigned; -import static java.lang.Math.abs; -import static java.lang.Math.unsignedMultiplyHigh; +import org.simdjson.ExponentParser.ExponentParsingResult; + import static org.simdjson.CharacterUtils.isStructuralOrWhitespace; -import static org.simdjson.NumberParserTables.NUMBER_OF_ADDITIONAL_DIGITS_AFTER_LEFT_SHIFT; -import static org.simdjson.NumberParserTables.POWERS_OF_FIVE; -import static org.simdjson.NumberParserTables.POWER_OF_FIVE_DIGITS; +import static org.simdjson.ExponentParser.isExponentIndicator; class NumberParser { - // When parsing doubles, we assume that a long used to store digits is unsigned. Thus, it can safely accommodate - // up to 19 digits (9999999999999999999 < 2^64). - private static final int FAST_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT = 19; - // The smallest non-zero number representable in binary64 is 2^-1074, which is about 4.941 * 10^-324. - // If we consider a number in the form of w * 10^q where 1 <= w <= 9999999999999999999, then - // 1 * 10^q <= w * 10^q <= 9.999999999999999999 * 10^18 * 10^q. To ensure w * 10^q < 2^-1074, q must satisfy the - // following inequality: 9.999999999999999999 * 10^(18 + q) < 2^-1074. This condition holds true whenever - // 18 + q < -324. Thus, for q < -342, we can reliably conclude that the number w * 10^q is smaller than 2^-1074, - // and this, in turn means the number is equal to zero. - private static final int FAST_PATH_MIN_POWER_OF_TEN = -342; - // We know that (1 - 2^-53) * 2^1024, which is about 1.798 * 10^308, is the largest number representable in binary64. - // When the parsed number is expressed as w * 10^q, where w >= 1, we are sure that for any q > 308, the number is - // infinite. - private static final int FAST_PATH_MAX_POWER_OF_TEN = 308; - private static final double[] POWERS_OF_TEN = { - 1e0, 1e1, 1e2, 1e3, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6, 1e7, 1e8, 1e9, 1e10, 1e11, - 1e12, 1e13, 1e14, 1e15, 1e16, 1e17, 1e18, 1e19, 1e20, 1e21, 1e22 - }; - private static final long MAX_LONG_REPRESENTED_AS_DOUBLE_EXACTLY = 9007199254740991L; // 2^53 - 1 - private static final int IEEE64_EXPONENT_BIAS = 1023; - private static final int IEEE64_SIGN_BIT_INDEX = 63; - private static final int IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT = 52; - private static final int IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_SIZE_IN_BITS = IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT + 1; - private static final int IEEE64_MAX_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT = 1023; - private static final int IEEE64_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT = -1022; - private static final int IEEE64_SUBNORMAL_EXPONENT = -1023; + private static final int BYTE_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT = 3; + private static final int BYTE_MAX_ABS_VALUE = 128; + private static final int SHORT_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT = 5; + private static final int SHORT_MAX_ABS_VALUE = 32768; + private static final int INT_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT = 10; + private static final long INT_MAX_ABS_VALUE = 2147483648L; private static final int LONG_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT = 19; - // This is the upper limit for the count of decimal digits taken into account in the slow path. All digits exceeding - // this threshold are excluded. - private static final int SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT = 800; - private static final int SLOW_PATH_MAX_SHIFT = 60; - private static final byte[] SLOW_PATH_SHIFTS = { - 0, 3, 6, 9, 13, 16, 19, 23, 26, 29, - 33, 36, 39, 43, 46, 49, 53, 56, 59, - }; - - private final Tape tape; - private final SlowPathDecimal slowPathDecimal = new SlowPathDecimal(); - - private int currentIdx; - - NumberParser(Tape tape) { - this.tape = tape; - } - void parseNumber(byte[] buffer, int offset) { + private final DigitsParsingResult digitsParsingResult = new DigitsParsingResult(); + private final ExponentParser exponentParser = new ExponentParser(); + private final DoubleParser doubleParser = new DoubleParser(); + private final FloatParser floatParser = new FloatParser(); + + void parseNumber(byte[] buffer, int offset, Tape tape) { boolean negative = buffer[offset] == '-'; - currentIdx = negative ? offset + 1 : offset; + int currentIdx = negative ? offset + 1 : offset; int digitsStartIdx = currentIdx; - long digits = parseDigits(buffer, 0); + DigitsParsingResult digitsParsingResult = parseDigits(buffer, currentIdx, 0); + long digits = digitsParsingResult.digits(); + currentIdx = digitsParsingResult.currentIdx(); int digitCount = currentIdx - digitsStartIdx; if (digitCount == 0) { throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); @@ -77,12 +38,14 @@ void parseNumber(byte[] buffer, int offset) { } long exponent = 0; - boolean isDouble = false; + boolean floatingPointNumber = false; if ('.' == buffer[currentIdx]) { - isDouble = true; + floatingPointNumber = true; currentIdx++; int firstIdxAfterPeriod = currentIdx; - digits = parseDigits(buffer, digits); + digitsParsingResult = parseDigits(buffer, currentIdx, digits); + digits = digitsParsingResult.digits(); + currentIdx = digitsParsingResult.currentIdx(); exponent = firstIdxAfterPeriod - currentIdx; if (exponent == 0) { throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Decimal point has to be followed by a digit."); @@ -90,21 +53,18 @@ void parseNumber(byte[] buffer, int offset) { digitCount = currentIdx - digitsStartIdx; } if (isExponentIndicator(buffer[currentIdx])) { - isDouble = true; + floatingPointNumber = true; currentIdx++; - exponent = parseExponent(buffer, exponent); + ExponentParsingResult exponentParsingResult = exponentParser.parse(buffer, currentIdx, exponent); + exponent = exponentParsingResult.exponent(); + currentIdx = exponentParsingResult.currentIdx(); } if (!isStructuralOrWhitespace(buffer[currentIdx])) { throw new JsonParsingException("Number has to be followed by a structural character or whitespace."); } - if (isDouble) { - double d; - if (shouldBeHandledBySlowPath(buffer, digitsStartIdx, digitCount)) { - d = slowlyParseDouble(buffer, offset); - } else { - d = computeDouble(negative, digits, exponent); - } - tape.appendDouble(d); + if (floatingPointNumber) { + double value = doubleParser.parse(buffer, offset, negative, digitsStartIdx, digitCount, digits, exponent); + tape.appendDouble(value); } else { if (isOutOfLongRange(negative, digits, digitCount)) { throw new JsonParsingException("Number value is out of long range ([" + Long.MIN_VALUE + ", " + Long.MAX_VALUE + "])."); @@ -113,521 +73,291 @@ void parseNumber(byte[] buffer, int offset) { } } - private static boolean isOutOfLongRange(boolean negative, long digits, int digitCount) { - if (digitCount < LONG_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + byte parseByte(byte[] buffer, int len, int offset) { + boolean negative = buffer[offset] == '-'; + + int currentIdx = negative ? offset + 1 : offset; + + int digitsStartIdx = currentIdx; + DigitsParsingResult digitsParsingResult = parseDigits(buffer, currentIdx, 0); + long digits = digitsParsingResult.digits(); + currentIdx = digitsParsingResult.currentIdx(); + int digitCount = currentIdx - digitsStartIdx; + if (digitCount == 0) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + if ('0' == buffer[digitsStartIdx] && digitCount > 1) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Leading zeroes are not allowed."); + } + + if (currentIdx < len && !isStructuralOrWhitespace(buffer[currentIdx])) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Number has to be followed by a structural character or whitespace."); + } + if (isOutOfByteRange(negative, digits, digitCount)) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Number value is out of byte range ([" + Byte.MIN_VALUE + ", " + Byte.MAX_VALUE + "])."); + } + return (byte) (negative ? (~digits + 1) : digits); + } + + private static boolean isOutOfByteRange(boolean negative, long digits, int digitCount) { + if (digitCount < BYTE_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { return false; } - if (digitCount > LONG_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + if (digitCount > BYTE_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { return true; } - if (negative && digits == Long.MIN_VALUE) { - // The maximum value we can store in a long is 9223372036854775807. When we try to store 9223372036854775808, - // a long wraps around, resulting in -9223372036854775808 (Long.MIN_VALUE). If the number we are parsing is - // negative, and we've attempted to store 9223372036854775808 in "digits", we can be sure that we are - // dealing with Long.MIN_VALUE, which obviously does not fall outside the acceptable range. - return false; + if (negative) { + return digits > BYTE_MAX_ABS_VALUE; } - return digits < 0; + return digits > Byte.MAX_VALUE; } - private static double computeDouble(boolean negative, long significand10, long exp10) { - if (abs(exp10) < POWERS_OF_TEN.length && compareUnsigned(significand10, MAX_LONG_REPRESENTED_AS_DOUBLE_EXACTLY) <= 0) { - // This path has been described in https://www.exploringbinary.com/fast-path-decimal-to-floating-point-conversion/. - double d = significand10; - if (exp10 < 0) { - d = d / POWERS_OF_TEN[(int) -exp10]; - } else { - d = d * POWERS_OF_TEN[(int) exp10]; - } - return negative ? -d : d; - } - - // The following path is an implementation of the Eisel-Lemire algorithm described by Daniel Lemire in - // "Number Parsing at a Gigabyte per Second" (https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.11408). - - if (exp10 < FAST_PATH_MIN_POWER_OF_TEN || significand10 == 0) { - return zero(negative); - } else if (exp10 > FAST_PATH_MAX_POWER_OF_TEN) { - return infinity(negative); - } - - // We start by normalizing the decimal significand so that it is within the range of [2^63, 2^64). - int lz = numberOfLeadingZeros(significand10); - significand10 <<= lz; - - // Initially, the number we are parsing is in the form of w * 10^q = w * 5^q * 2^q, and our objective is to - // convert it to m * 2^p. We can represent w * 10^q as w * 5^q * 2^r * 2^p, where w * 5^q * 2^r = m. - // Therefore, in the next step we compute w * 5^q. The implementation of this multiplication is optimized - // to minimize necessary operations while ensuring precise results. For further insight, refer to the - // aforementioned paper. - int powersOfFiveTableIndex = 2 * (int) (exp10 - FAST_PATH_MIN_POWER_OF_TEN); - long upper = unsignedMultiplyHigh(significand10, POWERS_OF_FIVE[powersOfFiveTableIndex]); - long lower = significand10 * POWERS_OF_FIVE[powersOfFiveTableIndex]; - if ((upper & 0x1FF) == 0x1FF) { - long secondUpper = unsignedMultiplyHigh(significand10, POWERS_OF_FIVE[powersOfFiveTableIndex + 1]); - lower += secondUpper; - if (compareUnsigned(secondUpper, lower) > 0) { - upper++; - } - // As it has been proven by Noble Mushtak and Daniel Lemire in "Fast Number Parsing Without Fallback" - // (https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.06644), at this point we are sure that the product is sufficiently accurate, - // and more computation is not needed. - } - - // Here, we extract the binary significand from the product. Although in binary64 the significand has 53 bits, - // we extract 54 bits to use the least significant bit for rounding. Since both the decimal significand and the - // values stored in POWERS_OF_FIVE are normalized, ensuring that their most significant bits are set, the product - // has either 0 or 1 leading zeros. As a result, we need to perform a right shift of either 9 or 10 bits. - long upperBit = upper >>> 63; - long upperShift = upperBit + 9; - long significand2 = upper >>> upperShift; - - // Now, we have to determine the value of the binary exponent. Let's begin by calculating the contribution of - // 10^q. Our goal is to compute f0 and f1 such that: - // - when q >= 0: 10^q = (5^q / 2^(f0 - q)) * 2^f0 - // - when q < 0: 10^q = (2^(f1 - q) / 5^-q) * 2^f1 - // Both (5^q / 2^(f0 - q)) and (2^(f1 - q) / 5^-q) must fall within the range of [1, 2). - // It turns out that these conditions are met when: - // - 0 <= q <= FAST_PATH_MAX_POWER_OF_TEN, and f0 = floor(log2(5^q)) + q = floor(q * log(5) / log(2)) + q = (217706 * q) / 2^16. - // - FAST_PATH_MIN_POWER_OF_TEN <= q < 0, and f1 = -ceil(log2(5^-q)) + q = -ceil(-q * log(5) / log(2)) + q = (217706 * q) / 2^16. - // Thus, we can express the contribution of 10^q to the exponent as (217706 * exp10) >> 16. - // - // Furthermore, we need to factor in the following normalizations we've performed: - // - shifting the decimal significand left bitwise - // - shifting the binary significand right bitwise if the most significant bit of the product was 1 - // Therefore, we add (63 - lz + upperBit) to the exponent. - long exp2 = ((217706 * exp10) >> 16) + 63 - lz + upperBit; - if (exp2 < IEEE64_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT) { - // In the next step, we right-shift the binary significand by the difference between the minimum exponent - // and the binary exponent. In Java, the shift distance is limited to the range of 0 to 63, inclusive. - // Thus, we need to handle the case when the distance is >= 64 separately and always return zero. - if (exp2 <= IEEE64_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT - 64) { - return zero(negative); - } + short parseShort(byte[] buffer, int len, int offset) { + boolean negative = buffer[offset] == '-'; - // In this branch, it is likely that we are handling a subnormal number. Therefore, we adjust the significand - // to conform to the formula representing subnormal numbers: (significand2 * 2^(1 - IEEE64_EXPONENT_BIAS)) / 2^52. - significand2 >>= 1 - IEEE64_EXPONENT_BIAS - exp2; - // Round up if the significand is odd and remove the least significant bit that we've left for rounding. - significand2 += significand2 & 1; - significand2 >>= 1; - - // Here, we are addressing a scenario in which the original number was subnormal, but it became normal after - // rounding up. For example, when we are parsing 2.2250738585072013e-308 before rounding and removing the - // least significant bit significand2 = 0x3fffffffffffff and exp2 = -1023. After rounding, we get - // significand2 = 0x10000000000000, which is the significand of the smallest normal number. - exp2 = (significand2 < (1L << 52)) ? IEEE64_SUBNORMAL_EXPONENT : IEEE64_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT; - return toDouble(negative, significand2, exp2); - } - - // Here, we are addressing a scenario of rounding the binary significand when it falls precisely halfway - // between two integers. To understand the rationale behind the condition used to identify this case, refer to - // sections 6, 8.1, and 9.1 of "Number Parsing at a Gigabyte per Second". - if ((compareUnsigned(lower, 1) <= 0) && (exp10 >= -4) && (exp10 <= 23) && ((significand2 & 3) == 1)) { - if (significand2 << upperShift == upper) { - significand2 &= ~1; - } - } + int currentIdx = negative ? offset + 1 : offset; - // Round up if the significand is odd and remove the least significant bit that we've left for rounding. - significand2 += significand2 & 1; - significand2 >>= 1; + int digitsStartIdx = currentIdx; + DigitsParsingResult digitsParsingResult = parseDigits(buffer, currentIdx, 0); + long digits = digitsParsingResult.digits(); + currentIdx = digitsParsingResult.currentIdx(); + int digitCount = currentIdx - digitsStartIdx; + if (digitCount == 0) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + if ('0' == buffer[digitsStartIdx] && digitCount > 1) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Leading zeroes are not allowed."); + } - if (significand2 == (1L << IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_SIZE_IN_BITS)) { - // If we've reached here, it means that rounding has caused an overflow. We need to divide the significand - // by 2 and update the exponent accordingly. - significand2 >>= 1; - exp2++; + if (currentIdx < len && !isStructuralOrWhitespace(buffer[currentIdx])) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Number has to be followed by a structural character or whitespace."); + } + if (isOutOfShortRange(negative, digits, digitCount)) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Number value is out of short range ([" + Short.MIN_VALUE + ", " + Short.MAX_VALUE + "])."); } + return (short) (negative ? (~digits + 1) : digits); + } - if (exp2 > IEEE64_MAX_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT) { - return infinity(negative); + private static boolean isOutOfShortRange(boolean negative, long digits, int digitCount) { + if (digitCount < SHORT_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + return false; + } + if (digitCount > SHORT_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + return true; + } + if (negative) { + return digits > SHORT_MAX_ABS_VALUE; } - return toDouble(negative, significand2, exp2); + return digits > Short.MAX_VALUE; } - // The following parser is based on the idea described in - // https://nigeltao.github.io/blog/2020/parse-number-f64-simple.html and implemented in - // https://github.com/simdjson/simdjson/blob/caff09cafceb0f5f6fc9109236d6dd09ac4bc0d8/src/from_chars.cpp - private double slowlyParseDouble(byte[] buffer, int offset) { - SlowPathDecimal decimal = slowPathDecimal; - decimal.reset(); + int parseInt(byte[] buffer, int len, int offset) { + boolean negative = buffer[offset] == '-'; - decimal.negative = buffer[offset] == '-'; - currentIdx = decimal.negative ? offset + 1 : offset; - long exp10 = 0; + int currentIdx = negative ? offset + 1 : offset; - skipZeros(buffer); - parseDigits(buffer, decimal); - if (buffer[currentIdx] == '.') { - currentIdx++; - int firstIdxAfterPeriod = currentIdx; - if (decimal.digitCount == 0) { - skipZeros(buffer); - } - parseDigits(buffer, decimal); - exp10 = firstIdxAfterPeriod - currentIdx; + int digitsStartIdx = currentIdx; + DigitsParsingResult digitsParsingResult = parseDigits(buffer, currentIdx, 0); + long digits = digitsParsingResult.digits(); + currentIdx = digitsParsingResult.currentIdx(); + int digitCount = currentIdx - digitsStartIdx; + if (digitCount == 0) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); } - - int currentIdxMovingBackwards = currentIdx - 1; - int trailingZeros = 0; - // Here, we also skip the period to handle cases like 100000000000000000000.000000 - while (buffer[currentIdxMovingBackwards] == '0' || buffer[currentIdxMovingBackwards] == '.') { - if (buffer[currentIdxMovingBackwards] == '0') { - trailingZeros++; - } - currentIdxMovingBackwards--; + if ('0' == buffer[digitsStartIdx] && digitCount > 1) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Leading zeroes are not allowed."); } - exp10 += decimal.digitCount; - decimal.digitCount -= trailingZeros; - if (decimal.digitCount > SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { - decimal.digitCount = SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT; - decimal.truncated = true; + if (currentIdx < len && !isStructuralOrWhitespace(buffer[currentIdx])) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Number has to be followed by a structural character or whitespace."); } - - if (isExponentIndicator(buffer[currentIdx])) { - currentIdx++; - exp10 = parseExponent(buffer, exp10); - } - - // At this point, the number we are parsing is represented in the following way: w * 10^exp10, where -1 < w < 1. - if (exp10 <= -324) { - // We know that -1e-324 < w * 10^exp10 < 1e-324. In binary64 -1e-324 = -0.0 and 1e-324 = +0.0, so we can - // safely return +/-0.0. - return zero(decimal.negative); - } else if (exp10 >= 310) { - // We know that either w * 10^exp10 <= -0.1e310 or w * 10^exp10 >= 0.1e310. - // In binary64 -0.1e310 = -inf and 0.1e310 = +inf, so we can safely return +/-inf. - return infinity(decimal.negative); - } - - decimal.exp10 = (int) exp10; - int exp2 = 0; - - // We start the following loop with the decimal in the form of w * 10^exp10. After a series of - // right-shifts (dividing by a power of 2), we transform the decimal into w' * 2^exp2 * 10^exp10, - // where exp10 is <= 0. Resultantly, w' * 10^exp10 is in the range of [0, 1). - while (decimal.exp10 > 0) { - int shift = resolveShiftDistanceBasedOnExponent10(decimal.exp10); - decimal.shiftRight(shift); - exp2 += shift; - } - - // Now, we are left-shifting to get to the point where w'' * 10^exp10 is within the range of [1/2, 1). - while (decimal.exp10 <= 0) { - int shift; - if (decimal.exp10 == 0) { - if (decimal.digits[0] >= 5) { - break; - } - shift = (decimal.digits[0] < 2) ? 2 : 1; - } else { - shift = resolveShiftDistanceBasedOnExponent10(-decimal.exp10); - } - decimal.shiftLeft(shift); - exp2 -= shift; + if (isOutOfIntRange(negative, digits, digitCount)) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Number value is out of int range ([" + Integer.MIN_VALUE + ", " + Integer.MAX_VALUE + "])."); } + return (int) (negative ? (~digits + 1) : digits); + } - // Here, w'' * 10^exp10 falls within the range of [1/2, 1). In binary64, the significand must be within the - // range of [1, 2). We can get to the target range by decreasing the binary exponent. Resultantly, the decimal - // is represented as w'' * 10^exp10 * 2^exp2, where w'' * 10^exp10 is in the range of [1, 2). - exp2--; - - while (IEEE64_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT > exp2) { - int n = IEEE64_MIN_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT - exp2; - if (n > SLOW_PATH_MAX_SHIFT) { - n = SLOW_PATH_MAX_SHIFT; - } - decimal.shiftRight(n); - exp2 += n; + private static boolean isOutOfIntRange(boolean negative, long digits, int digitCount) { + if (digitCount < INT_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + return false; + } + if (digitCount > INT_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + return true; + } + if (negative) { + return digits > INT_MAX_ABS_VALUE; } + return digits > Integer.MAX_VALUE; + } - // To conform to the IEEE 754 standard, the binary significand must fall within the range of [2^52, 2^53). Hence, - // we perform the following multiplication. If, after this step, the significand is less than 2^52, we have a - // subnormal number, which we will address later. - decimal.shiftLeft(IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_SIZE_IN_BITS); + long parseLong(byte[] buffer, int len, int offset) { + boolean negative = buffer[offset] == '-'; + + int currentIdx = negative ? offset + 1 : offset; - long significand2 = decimal.computeSignificand(); - if (significand2 >= (1L << IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_SIZE_IN_BITS)) { - // If we've reached here, it means that rounding has caused an overflow. We need to divide the significand - // by 2 and update the exponent accordingly. - significand2 >>= 1; - exp2++; + int digitsStartIdx = currentIdx; + DigitsParsingResult digitsParsingResult = parseDigits(buffer, currentIdx, 0); + long digits = digitsParsingResult.digits(); + currentIdx = digitsParsingResult.currentIdx(); + int digitCount = currentIdx - digitsStartIdx; + if (digitCount == 0) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + if ('0' == buffer[digitsStartIdx] && digitCount > 1) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Leading zeroes are not allowed."); } - if (significand2 < (1L << IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT)) { - exp2 = IEEE64_SUBNORMAL_EXPONENT; + if (currentIdx < len && !isStructuralOrWhitespace(buffer[currentIdx])) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Number has to be followed by a structural character or whitespace."); } - if (exp2 > IEEE64_MAX_FINITE_NUMBER_EXPONENT) { - return infinity(decimal.negative); + if (isOutOfLongRange(negative, digits, digitCount)) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Number value is out of long range ([" + Long.MIN_VALUE + ", " + Long.MAX_VALUE + "])."); } - return toDouble(decimal.negative, significand2, exp2); + return negative ? (~digits + 1) : digits; } - private static int resolveShiftDistanceBasedOnExponent10(int exp10) { - return (exp10 < SLOW_PATH_SHIFTS.length) ? SLOW_PATH_SHIFTS[exp10] : SLOW_PATH_MAX_SHIFT; - } + float parseFloat(byte[] buffer, int len, int offset) { + boolean negative = buffer[offset] == '-'; - private long parseExponent(byte[] buffer, long exponent) { - boolean negative = '-' == buffer[currentIdx]; - if (negative || '+' == buffer[currentIdx]) { - currentIdx++; + int currentIdx = negative ? offset + 1 : offset; + + int digitsStartIdx = currentIdx; + DigitsParsingResult digitsParsingResult = parseDigits(buffer, currentIdx, 0); + currentIdx = digitsParsingResult.currentIdx(); + int digitCount = currentIdx - digitsStartIdx; + if (digitCount == 0) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); } - int exponentStartIdx = currentIdx; - long parsedExponent = parseDigits(buffer, 0); - if (exponentStartIdx == currentIdx) { - throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Exponent indicator has to be followed by a digit."); - } - // Long.MAX_VALUE = 9223372036854775807 (19 digits). Therefore, any number with <= 18 digits can be safely - // stored in a long without causing an overflow. - int maxDigitCountLongCanAccommodate = 18; - if (currentIdx > exponentStartIdx + maxDigitCountLongCanAccommodate) { - // Potentially, we have an overflow here. We try to skip leading zeros. - while (buffer[exponentStartIdx] == '0') { - exponentStartIdx++; - } - if (currentIdx > exponentStartIdx + maxDigitCountLongCanAccommodate) { - // We still have more digits than a long can safely accommodate. - // - // The largest finite number that can be represented in binary64 is (1-2^-53) * 2^1024, which is about - // 1.798e308, and the smallest non-zero number is 2^-1074, roughly 4.941e-324. So, we might, potentially, - // care only about numbers with explicit exponents falling within the range of [-324, 308], and return - // either zero or infinity for everything outside of this range.However, we have to take into account - // the fractional part of the parsed number. This part can potentially cancel out the value of the - // explicit exponent. For example, 1000e-325 (1 * 10^3 * 10^-325 = 1 * 10^-322) is not equal to zero - // despite the explicit exponent being less than -324. - // - // Let's consider a scenario where the explicit exponent is greater than 999999999999999999. As long as - // the fractional part has <= 999999999999999690 digits, it doesn't matter whether we take - // 999999999999999999 or its actual value as the explicit exponent. This is due to the fact that the - // parsed number is infinite anyway (w * 10^-q * 10^999999999999999999 > (1-2^-53) * 2^1024, 0 < w < 10, - // 0 <= q <= 999999999999999690). Similarly, in a scenario where the explicit exponent is less than - // -999999999999999999, as long as the fractional part has <= 999999999999999674 digits, we can safely - // take 999999999999999999 as the explicit exponent, given that the parsed number is zero anyway - // (w * 10^q * 10^-999999999999999999 < 2^-1074, 0 < w < 10, 0 <= q <= 999999999999999674) - // - // Note that if the fractional part had 999999999999999674 digits, the JSON size would need to be - // 999999999999999674 bytes, which is approximately ~888 PiB. Consequently, it's reasonable to assume - // that the fractional part contains no more than 999999999999999674 digits. - parsedExponent = 999999999999999999L; - } + if ('0' == buffer[digitsStartIdx] && digitCount > 1) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Leading zeroes are not allowed."); } - // Note that we don't check if 'exponent' has overflowed after the following addition. This is because we - // know that the parsed exponent falls within the range of [-999999999999999999, 999999999999999999]. We also - // assume that 'exponent' before the addition is within the range of [-9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807]. - // This assumption should always be valid as the value of 'exponent' is constrained by the size of the JSON input. - exponent += negative ? -parsedExponent : parsedExponent; - return exponent; - } - private long parseDigits(byte[] buffer, long digits) { - byte digit = convertCharacterToDigit(buffer[currentIdx]); - while (digit >= 0 && digit <= 9) { - digits = 10 * digits + digit; + long exponent = 0; + boolean floatingPointNumber = false; + if ('.' == buffer[currentIdx]) { + floatingPointNumber = true; currentIdx++; - digit = convertCharacterToDigit(buffer[currentIdx]); + int firstIdxAfterPeriod = currentIdx; + digitsParsingResult = parseDigits(buffer, currentIdx, digitsParsingResult.digits()); + currentIdx = digitsParsingResult.currentIdx(); + exponent = firstIdxAfterPeriod - currentIdx; + if (exponent == 0) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Decimal point has to be followed by a digit."); + } + digitCount = currentIdx - digitsStartIdx; } - return digits; - } - - private static boolean shouldBeHandledBySlowPath(byte[] buffer, int startDigitsIdx, int digitCount) { - if (digitCount <= FAST_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { - return false; + if (isExponentIndicator(buffer[currentIdx])) { + floatingPointNumber = true; + currentIdx++; + ExponentParsingResult exponentParsingResult = exponentParser.parse(buffer, currentIdx, exponent); + exponent = exponentParsingResult.exponent(); + currentIdx = exponentParsingResult.currentIdx(); } - int start = startDigitsIdx; - while (buffer[start] == '0' || buffer[start] == '.') { - start++; + if (!floatingPointNumber) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid floating-point number. Fraction or exponent part is missing."); } - int significantDigitCount = digitCount - (start - startDigitsIdx); - return significantDigitCount > FAST_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT; + if (currentIdx < len && !isStructuralOrWhitespace(buffer[currentIdx])) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Number has to be followed by a structural character or whitespace."); + } + + return floatParser.parse(buffer, offset, negative, digitsStartIdx, digitCount, digitsParsingResult.digits(), exponent); } - private void skipZeros(byte[] buffer) { - while (buffer[currentIdx] == '0') { - currentIdx++; + double parseDouble(byte[] buffer, int len, int offset) { + boolean negative = buffer[offset] == '-'; + + int currentIdx = negative ? offset + 1 : offset; + + int digitsStartIdx = currentIdx; + DigitsParsingResult digitsParsingResult = parseDigits(buffer, currentIdx, 0); + currentIdx = digitsParsingResult.currentIdx(); + int digitCount = currentIdx - digitsStartIdx; + if (digitCount == 0) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + if ('0' == buffer[digitsStartIdx] && digitCount > 1) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Leading zeroes are not allowed."); } - } - private void parseDigits(byte[] buffer, SlowPathDecimal decimal) { - while (isDigit(buffer[currentIdx])) { - if (decimal.digitCount < SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { - decimal.digits[decimal.digitCount] = convertCharacterToDigit(buffer[currentIdx]); + long exponent = 0; + boolean floatingPointNumber = false; + if ('.' == buffer[currentIdx]) { + floatingPointNumber = true; + currentIdx++; + int firstIdxAfterPeriod = currentIdx; + digitsParsingResult = parseDigits(buffer, currentIdx, digitsParsingResult.digits()); + currentIdx = digitsParsingResult.currentIdx(); + exponent = firstIdxAfterPeriod - currentIdx; + if (exponent == 0) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid number. Decimal point has to be followed by a digit."); } - decimal.digitCount++; + digitCount = currentIdx - digitsStartIdx; + } + if (isExponentIndicator(buffer[currentIdx])) { + floatingPointNumber = true; currentIdx++; + ExponentParsingResult exponentParsingResult = exponentParser.parse(buffer, currentIdx, exponent); + exponent = exponentParsingResult.exponent(); + currentIdx = exponentParsingResult.currentIdx(); + } + if (!floatingPointNumber) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid floating-point number. Fraction or exponent part is missing."); + } + if (currentIdx < len && !isStructuralOrWhitespace(buffer[currentIdx])) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Number has to be followed by a structural character or whitespace."); } - } - - private static boolean isDigit(byte b) { - return b >= '0' && b <= '9'; - } - - private static boolean isExponentIndicator(byte b) { - return 'e' == b || 'E' == b; - } - private static double toDouble(boolean negative, long significand2, long exp2) { - long bits = significand2; - bits &= ~(1L << IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT); // clear the implicit bit - bits |= (exp2 + IEEE64_EXPONENT_BIAS) << IEEE64_SIGNIFICAND_EXPLICIT_BIT_COUNT; - bits = negative ? (bits | (1L << IEEE64_SIGN_BIT_INDEX)) : bits; - return longBitsToDouble(bits); + return doubleParser.parse(buffer, offset, negative, digitsStartIdx, digitCount, digitsParsingResult.digits(), exponent); } - private static double infinity(boolean negative) { - return negative ? NEGATIVE_INFINITY : POSITIVE_INFINITY; + private static boolean isOutOfLongRange(boolean negative, long digits, int digitCount) { + if (digitCount < LONG_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + return false; + } + if (digitCount > LONG_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { + return true; + } + if (negative && digits == Long.MIN_VALUE) { + // The maximum value we can store in a long is 9223372036854775807. When we try to store 9223372036854775808, + // a long wraps around, resulting in -9223372036854775808 (Long.MIN_VALUE). If the number we are parsing is + // negative, and we've attempted to store 9223372036854775808 in "digits", we can be sure that we are + // dealing with Long.MIN_VALUE, which obviously does not fall outside the acceptable range. + return false; + } + return digits < 0; } - private static double zero(boolean negative) { - return negative ? -0.0 : 0.0; + private DigitsParsingResult parseDigits(byte[] buffer, int currentIdx, long digits) { + byte digit = convertCharacterToDigit(buffer[currentIdx]); + while (digit >= 0 && digit <= 9) { + digits = 10 * digits + digit; + currentIdx++; + digit = convertCharacterToDigit(buffer[currentIdx]); + } + return digitsParsingResult.of(digits, currentIdx); } private static byte convertCharacterToDigit(byte b) { return (byte) (b - '0'); } - private static class SlowPathDecimal { + private static class DigitsParsingResult { - final byte[] digits = new byte[SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT]; - int digitCount; - int exp10; - boolean truncated; - boolean negative; + private long digits; + private int currentIdx; - // Before calling this method we have to make sure that the significand is within the range of [0, 2^53 - 1]. - long computeSignificand() { - if (digitCount == 0 || exp10 < 0) { - return 0; - } - long significand = 0; - for (int i = 0; i < exp10; i++) { - significand = (10 * significand) + ((i < digitCount) ? digits[i] : 0); - } - boolean roundUp = false; - if (exp10 < digitCount) { - roundUp = digits[exp10] >= 5; - if ((digits[exp10] == 5) && (exp10 + 1 == digitCount)) { - // If the digits haven't been truncated, then we are exactly halfway between two integers. In such - // cases, we round to even, otherwise we round up. - roundUp = truncated || (significand & 1) == 1; - } - } - return roundUp ? ++significand : significand; + DigitsParsingResult of(long digits, int currentIdx) { + this.digits = digits; + this.currentIdx = currentIdx; + return this; } - void shiftLeft(int shift) { - if (digitCount == 0) { - return; - } - - int numberOfAdditionalDigits = calculateNumberOfAdditionalDigitsAfterLeftShift(shift); - int readIndex = digitCount - 1; - int writeIndex = digitCount - 1 + numberOfAdditionalDigits; - long n = 0; - - while (readIndex >= 0) { - n += (long) digits[readIndex] << shift; - long quotient = divideUnsigned(n, 10); - long remainder = remainderUnsigned(n, 10); - if (writeIndex < SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { - digits[writeIndex] = (byte) remainder; - } else if (remainder > 0) { - truncated = true; - } - n = quotient; - writeIndex--; - readIndex--; - } - - while (compareUnsigned(n, 0) > 0) { - long quotient = divideUnsigned(n, 10); - long remainder = remainderUnsigned(n, 10); - if (writeIndex < SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { - digits[writeIndex] = (byte) remainder; - } else if (remainder > 0) { - truncated = true; - } - n = quotient; - writeIndex--; - } - digitCount += numberOfAdditionalDigits; - if (digitCount > SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { - digitCount = SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT; - } - exp10 += numberOfAdditionalDigits; - trimTrailingZeros(); - } - - // See https://nigeltao.github.io/blog/2020/parse-number-f64-simple.html#hpd-shifts - private int calculateNumberOfAdditionalDigitsAfterLeftShift(int shift) { - int a = NUMBER_OF_ADDITIONAL_DIGITS_AFTER_LEFT_SHIFT[shift]; - int b = NUMBER_OF_ADDITIONAL_DIGITS_AFTER_LEFT_SHIFT[shift + 1]; - int newDigitCount = a >> 11; - int pow5OffsetA = 0x7FF & a; - int pow5OffsetB = 0x7FF & b; - - int n = pow5OffsetB - pow5OffsetA; - for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { - if (i >= digitCount) { - return newDigitCount - 1; - } else if (digits[i] < POWER_OF_FIVE_DIGITS[pow5OffsetA + i]) { - return newDigitCount - 1; - } else if (digits[i] > POWER_OF_FIVE_DIGITS[pow5OffsetA + i]) { - return newDigitCount; - } - } - return newDigitCount; - } - - void shiftRight(int shift) { - int readIndex = 0; - int writeIndex = 0; - long n = 0; - - while ((n >>> shift) == 0) { - if (readIndex < digitCount) { - n = (10 * n) + digits[readIndex++]; - } else if (n == 0) { - return; - } else { - while ((n >>> shift) == 0) { - n = 10 * n; - readIndex++; - } - break; - } - } - exp10 -= (readIndex - 1); - long mask = (1L << shift) - 1; - while (readIndex < digitCount) { - byte newDigit = (byte) (n >>> shift); - n = (10 * (n & mask)) + digits[readIndex++]; - digits[writeIndex++] = newDigit; - } - while (compareUnsigned(n, 0) > 0) { - byte newDigit = (byte) (n >>> shift); - n = 10 * (n & mask); - if (writeIndex < SLOW_PATH_MAX_DIGIT_COUNT) { - digits[writeIndex++] = newDigit; - } else if (newDigit > 0) { - truncated = true; - } - } - digitCount = writeIndex; - trimTrailingZeros(); - } - - private void trimTrailingZeros() { - while ((digitCount > 0) && (digits[digitCount - 1] == 0)) { - digitCount--; - } + long digits() { + return digits; } - private void reset() { - digitCount = 0; - exp10 = 0; - truncated = false; + int currentIdx() { + return currentIdx; } } } diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/NumberParserTables.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/NumberParserTables.java index 58f1fa0..3cd8751 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/NumberParserTables.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/NumberParserTables.java @@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ class NumberParserTables { 6, 2, 2, 4, 0, 6, 9, 5, 9, 5, 3, 3, 6, 9, 1, 4, 0, 6, 2, 5 }; + static final int MIN_POWER_OF_FIVE = -342; + static final long[] POWERS_OF_FIVE = { 0xeef453d6923bd65aL, 0x113faa2906a13b3fL, 0x9558b4661b6565f8L, 0x4ac7ca59a424c507L, diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/OnDemandJsonIterator.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/OnDemandJsonIterator.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5376504 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/OnDemandJsonIterator.java @@ -0,0 +1,675 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import java.util.Arrays; + +import static org.simdjson.CharacterUtils.isStructuralOrWhitespace; + +class OnDemandJsonIterator { + + private static final byte SPACE = 0x20; + private static final int[] SKIP_DEPTH_PER_CHARACTER = new int[127]; + + static { + Arrays.fill(SKIP_DEPTH_PER_CHARACTER, 0); + SKIP_DEPTH_PER_CHARACTER['['] = 1; + SKIP_DEPTH_PER_CHARACTER['{'] = 1; + SKIP_DEPTH_PER_CHARACTER[']'] = -1; + SKIP_DEPTH_PER_CHARACTER['}'] = -1; + } + + private final BitIndexes indexer; + private final int padding; + private final StringParser stringParser = new StringParser(); + private final NumberParser numberParser = new NumberParser(); + + private byte[] buffer; + private int len; + private int depth; + + OnDemandJsonIterator(BitIndexes indexer, int padding) { + this.indexer = indexer; + this.padding = padding; + } + + void init(byte[] buffer, int len) { + if (indexer.isEnd()) { + throw new JsonParsingException("No structural element found."); + } + this.buffer = buffer; + this.len = len; + this.depth = 1; + } + + void skipChild() { + skipChild(depth - 1); + } + + void skipChild(int parentDepth) { + if (depth <= parentDepth) { + return; + } + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + byte character = buffer[idx]; + + switch (character) { + case '[', '{', ':', ',': + break; + case '"': + if (buffer[indexer.peek()] == ':') { + indexer.advance(); // skip ':' + break; + } + default: + depth--; + if (depth <= parentDepth) { + return; + } + } + + while (indexer.hasNext()) { + idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + character = buffer[idx]; + + int delta = SKIP_DEPTH_PER_CHARACTER[character]; + depth += delta; + if (delta < 0 && depth <= parentDepth) { + return; + } + } + + throw new JsonParsingException("Not enough close braces."); + } + + Boolean getRootNonNullBoolean() { + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + Boolean result = switch (buffer[idx]) { + case 't' -> visitRootTrueAtom(idx); + case 'f' -> visitRootFalseAtom(idx); + default -> throw new JsonParsingException("Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true' or 'false'."); + }; + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + depth--; + return result; + } + + Boolean getRootBoolean() { + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + Boolean result = switch (buffer[idx]) { + case 't' -> visitRootTrueAtom(idx); + case 'f' -> visitRootFalseAtom(idx); + case 'n' -> { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + yield null; + } + default -> throw new JsonParsingException("Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'."); + }; + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + depth--; + return result; + } + + private Boolean visitRootTrueAtom(int idx) { + boolean valid = idx + 4 <= len && isTrue(idx) && (idx + 4 == len || isStructuralOrWhitespace(buffer[idx + 4])); + if (!valid) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid value starting at " + idx + ". Expected 'true'."); + } + return Boolean.TRUE; + } + + private Boolean visitRootFalseAtom(int idx) { + boolean valid = idx + 5 <= len && isFalse(idx) && (idx + 5 == len || isStructuralOrWhitespace(buffer[idx + 5])); + if (!valid) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid value starting at " + idx + ". Expected 'false'."); + } + return Boolean.FALSE; + } + + private void visitRootNullAtom(int idx) { + boolean valid = idx + 4 <= len && isNull(idx) && (idx + 4 == len || isStructuralOrWhitespace(buffer[idx + 4])); + if (!valid) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid value starting at " + idx + ". Expected 'null'."); + } + } + + private void visitNullAtom(int idx) { + if (!isNull(idx)) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid value starting at " + idx + ". Expected 'null'."); + } + } + + private boolean isNull(int idx) { + return buffer[idx] == 'n' + && buffer[idx + 1] == 'u' + && buffer[idx + 2] == 'l' + && buffer[idx + 3] == 'l'; + } + + Boolean getNonNullBoolean() { + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + Boolean result = switch (buffer[idx]) { + case 't' -> visitTrueAtom(idx); + case 'f' -> visitFalseAtom(idx); + default -> throw new JsonParsingException("Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true' or 'false'."); + }; + depth--; + return result; + } + + Boolean getBoolean() { + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + Boolean result = switch (buffer[idx]) { + case 't' -> visitTrueAtom(idx); + case 'f' -> visitFalseAtom(idx); + case 'n' -> { + visitNullAtom(idx); + yield null; + } + default -> throw new JsonParsingException("Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'."); + }; + depth--; + return result; + } + + private Boolean visitTrueAtom(int idx) { + boolean valid = isTrue(idx) && isStructuralOrWhitespace(buffer[idx + 4]); + if (!valid) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid value starting at " + idx + ". Expected 'true'."); + } + return Boolean.TRUE; + } + + private boolean isTrue(int idx) { + return buffer[idx] == 't' + && buffer[idx + 1] == 'r' + && buffer[idx + 2] == 'u' + && buffer[idx + 3] == 'e'; + } + + private Boolean visitFalseAtom(int idx) { + boolean valid = isFalse(idx) && isStructuralOrWhitespace(buffer[idx + 5]); + if (!valid) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid value starting at " + idx + ". Expected 'false'."); + } + return Boolean.FALSE; + } + + private boolean isFalse(int idx) { + return buffer[idx] == 'f' + && buffer[idx + 1] == 'a' + && buffer[idx + 2] == 'l' + && buffer[idx + 3] == 's' + && buffer[idx + 4] == 'e'; + } + + byte getRootNonNullByte() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + byte[] copy = padRootNumber(idx); + byte value = numberParser.parseByte(copy, len, 0); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return value; + } + + Byte getRootByte() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return null; + } + byte[] copy = padRootNumber(idx); + byte value = numberParser.parseByte(copy, len, 0); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return value; + } + + byte getNonNullByte() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + return numberParser.parseByte(buffer, len, idx); + } + + Byte getByte() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + return null; + } + return numberParser.parseByte(buffer, len, idx); + } + + short getRootNonNullShort() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + byte[] copy = padRootNumber(idx); + short value = numberParser.parseShort(copy, len, 0); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return value; + } + + Short getRootShort() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return null; + } + byte[] copy = padRootNumber(idx); + short value = numberParser.parseShort(copy, len, 0); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return value; + } + + short getNonNullShort() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + return numberParser.parseShort(buffer, len, idx); + } + + Short getShort() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + return null; + } + return numberParser.parseShort(buffer, len, idx); + } + + int getRootNonNullInt() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + byte[] copy = padRootNumber(idx); + int value = numberParser.parseInt(copy, len, 0); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return value; + } + + Integer getRootInt() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return null; + } + byte[] copy = padRootNumber(idx); + int value = numberParser.parseInt(copy, len, 0); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return value; + } + + Integer getInt() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + return null; + } + return numberParser.parseInt(buffer, len, idx); + } + + int getNonNullInt() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + return numberParser.parseInt(buffer, len, idx); + } + + long getRootNonNullLong() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + byte[] copy = padRootNumber(idx); + long value = numberParser.parseLong(copy, len, 0); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return value; + } + + Long getRootLong() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return null; + } + byte[] copy = padRootNumber(idx); + long value = numberParser.parseLong(copy, len, 0); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return value; + } + + long getNonNullLong() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + return numberParser.parseLong(buffer, len, idx); + } + + Long getLong() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + return null; + } + return numberParser.parseLong(buffer, len, idx); + } + + float getRootNonNullFloat() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + byte[] copy = padRootNumber(idx); + float value = numberParser.parseFloat(copy, len, 0); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return value; + } + + Float getRootFloat() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return null; + } + byte[] copy = padRootNumber(idx); + float value = numberParser.parseFloat(copy, len, 0); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return value; + } + + double getRootNonNullDouble() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + byte[] copy = padRootNumber(idx); + double value = numberParser.parseDouble(copy, len, 0); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return value; + } + + Double getRootDouble() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return null; + } + byte[] copy = padRootNumber(idx); + double value = numberParser.parseDouble(copy, len, 0); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return value; + } + + private byte[] padRootNumber(int idx) { + int remainingLen = len - idx; + byte[] copy = new byte[remainingLen + padding]; + System.arraycopy(buffer, idx, copy, 0, remainingLen); + Arrays.fill(copy, remainingLen, remainingLen + padding, SPACE); + return copy; + } + + double getNonNullDouble() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + return numberParser.parseDouble(buffer, len, idx); + } + + Double getDouble() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + return null; + } + return numberParser.parseDouble(buffer, len, idx); + } + + float getNonNullFloat() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + return numberParser.parseFloat(buffer, len, idx); + } + + Float getFloat() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + return null; + } + return numberParser.parseFloat(buffer, len, idx); + } + + int getRootString(byte[] stringBuffer) { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + int len = switch (buffer[idx]) { + case '"' -> stringParser.parseString(buffer, idx, stringBuffer); + case 'n' -> { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + yield -1; + } + default -> throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid value starting at " + idx + ". Expected either string or 'null'."); + }; + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return len; + } + + int getString(byte[] stringBuffer) { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + return switch (buffer[idx]) { + case '"' -> stringParser.parseString(buffer, idx, stringBuffer); + case 'n' -> { + visitNullAtom(idx); + yield -1; + } + default -> throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid value starting at " + idx + ". Expected either string or 'null'."); + }; + } + + char getNonNullChar() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] == '"') { + return stringParser.parseChar(buffer, idx); + } + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid value starting at " + idx + ". Expected string."); + } + + Character getChar() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + return switch (buffer[idx]) { + case '"' -> stringParser.parseChar(buffer, idx); + case 'n' -> { + visitNullAtom(idx); + yield null; + } + default -> throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid value starting at " + idx + ". Expected either string or 'null'."); + }; + } + + char getRootNonNullChar() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] == '"') { + char character = stringParser.parseChar(buffer, idx); + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return character; + } + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid value starting at " + idx + ". Expected string."); + } + + Character getRootChar() { + depth--; + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + Character character = switch (buffer[idx]) { + case '"' -> stringParser.parseChar(buffer, idx); + case 'n' -> { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + yield null; + } + default -> throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid value starting at " + idx + ". Expected either string or 'null'."); + }; + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return character; + } + + IteratorResult startIteratingArray() { + int idx = indexer.peek(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitNullAtom(idx); + indexer.advance(); + depth--; + return IteratorResult.NULL; + } + if (buffer[idx] != '[') { + throw unexpectedCharException(idx, '['); + } + idx = indexer.advanceAndGet(); + if (buffer[idx] == ']') { + indexer.advance(); + depth--; + return IteratorResult.EMPTY; + } + depth++; + return IteratorResult.NOT_EMPTY; + } + + IteratorResult startIteratingRootArray() { + int idx = indexer.peek(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + indexer.advance(); + depth--; + return IteratorResult.NULL; + } + if (buffer[idx] != '[') { + throw unexpectedCharException(idx, '['); + } + if (buffer[indexer.getLast()] != ']') { + throw new JsonParsingException("Unclosed array. Missing ']' for starting '['."); + } + idx = indexer.advanceAndGet(); + if (buffer[idx] == ']') { + indexer.advance(); + depth--; + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return IteratorResult.EMPTY; + } + depth++; + return IteratorResult.NOT_EMPTY; + } + + boolean nextArrayElement() { + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] == ']') { + depth--; + return false; + } else if (buffer[idx] == ',') { + depth++; + return true; + } else { + throw new JsonParsingException("Missing comma between array values"); + } + } + + IteratorResult startIteratingObject() { + int idx = indexer.peek(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitNullAtom(idx); + indexer.advance(); + depth--; + return IteratorResult.NULL; + } + if (buffer[idx] != '{') { + throw unexpectedCharException(idx, '{'); + } + idx = indexer.advanceAndGet(); + if (buffer[idx] == '}') { + indexer.advance(); + depth--; + return IteratorResult.EMPTY; + } + return IteratorResult.NOT_EMPTY; + } + + IteratorResult startIteratingRootObject() { + int idx = indexer.peek(); + if (buffer[idx] == 'n') { + visitRootNullAtom(idx); + indexer.advance(); + depth--; + return IteratorResult.NULL; + } + if (buffer[idx] != '{') { + throw unexpectedCharException(idx, '{'); + } + if (buffer[indexer.getLast()] != '}') { + throw new JsonParsingException("Unclosed object. Missing '}' for starting '{'."); + } + idx = indexer.advanceAndGet(); + if (buffer[idx] == '}') { + indexer.advance(); + depth--; + assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return IteratorResult.EMPTY; + } + return IteratorResult.NOT_EMPTY; + } + + boolean nextObjectField() { + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + byte character = buffer[idx]; + if (character == '}') { + depth--; + return false; + } else if (character == ',') { + return true; + } else { + throw unexpectedCharException(idx, ','); + } + } + + void moveToFieldValue() { + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] != ':') { + throw unexpectedCharException(idx, ':'); + } + depth++; + } + + int getFieldName(byte[] stringBuffer) { + int idx = indexer.getAndAdvance(); + if (buffer[idx] != '"') { + throw unexpectedCharException(idx, '"'); + } + return stringParser.parseString(buffer, idx, stringBuffer); + } + + int getDepth() { + return depth; + } + + private JsonParsingException unexpectedCharException(int idx, char expected) { + if (indexer.isPastEnd()) { + return new JsonParsingException("Expected '" + expected + "' but reached end of buffer."); + } else { + return new JsonParsingException("Expected '" + expected + "' but got: '" + (char) buffer[idx] + "'."); + } + } + + void assertNoMoreJsonValues() { + if (indexer.hasNext()) { + throw new JsonParsingException("More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"); + } + } + + enum IteratorResult { + EMPTY, NULL, NOT_EMPTY + } +} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ResolvedClass.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ResolvedClass.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..67c6887 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ResolvedClass.java @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import org.simdjson.annotations.JsonFieldName; + +import java.lang.reflect.Constructor; +import java.lang.reflect.Modifier; +import java.lang.reflect.Parameter; +import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType; +import java.lang.reflect.Type; +import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; +import java.util.List; + +class ResolvedClass { + + enum ResolvedClassCategory { + BOOLEAN_PRIMITIVE(boolean.class, new boolean[0]), + BOOLEAN(Boolean.class, new Boolean[0]), + BYTE_PRIMITIVE(byte.class, new byte[0]), + BYTE(Byte.class, new Byte[0]), + CHAR_PRIMITIVE(char.class, new char[0]), + CHAR(Character.class, new Character[0]), + SHORT_PRIMITIVE(short.class, new short[0]), + SHORT(Short.class, new Short[0]), + INT_PRIMITIVE(int.class, new int[0]), + INT(Integer.class, new Integer[0]), + LONG_PRIMITIVE(long.class, new long[0]), + LONG(Long.class, new Long[0]), + DOUBLE_PRIMITIVE(double.class, new double[0]), + DOUBLE(Double.class, new Double[0]), + FLOAT_PRIMITIVE(float.class, new float[0]), + FLOAT(Float.class, new Float[0]), + STRING(String.class, new String[0]), + CUSTOM(null, null), + ARRAY(null, null), + LIST(List.class, null); + + private final Class cclass; + private final Object emptyArray; + + ResolvedClassCategory(Class cclass, Object emptyArray) { + this.cclass = cclass; + this.emptyArray = emptyArray; + } + + Object getEmptyArray() { + return emptyArray; + } + } + + private final ResolvedClassCategory classCategory; + private final Class rawClass; + private final ResolvedClass elementClass; + private final Constructor constructor; + private final ConstructorArgumentsMap argumentsMap; + + ResolvedClass(Type targetType, ClassResolver classResolver) { + if (targetType instanceof ParameterizedType parameterizedType) { + rawClass = (Class) parameterizedType.getRawType(); + elementClass = resolveElementClass(parameterizedType, classResolver); + } else { + rawClass = (Class) targetType; + elementClass = resolveElementClass(rawClass, classResolver); + } + + classCategory = resolveClassType(rawClass); + if (classCategory == ResolvedClassCategory.CUSTOM) { + checkIfCustomClassIsSupported(rawClass); + constructor = rawClass.getDeclaredConstructors()[0]; + constructor.setAccessible(true); + Parameter[] parameters = constructor.getParameters(); + argumentsMap = new ConstructorArgumentsMap(parameters.length); + for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) { + Type parameterType = parameters[i].getAnnotatedType().getType(); + String fieldName = resolveFieldName(parameters[i], rawClass); + byte[] fieldNameBytes = fieldName.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); + argumentsMap.put(fieldNameBytes, new ConstructorArgument(i, classResolver.resolveClass(parameterType))); + } + } else { + constructor = null; + argumentsMap = null; + } + } + + private static ResolvedClass resolveElementClass(ParameterizedType parameterizedType, ClassResolver classResolver) { + if (parameterizedType.getRawType() != List.class) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Parametrized types other than java.util.List are not supported."); + } + return classResolver.resolveClass(parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments()[0]); + } + + private static ResolvedClass resolveElementClass(Class cls, ClassResolver classResolver) { + if (cls == List.class) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Undefined list element type."); + } + if (cls.componentType() != null) { + return classResolver.resolveClass(cls.componentType()); + } else { + return null; + } + } + + private static ResolvedClassCategory resolveClassType(Class cls) { + if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(cls) && cls != List.class) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Unsupported class: " + cls.getName() + + ". For JSON arrays at the root, use Java arrays. For inner JSON arrays, use either Java arrays or java.util.List."); + } + if (cls.isArray()) { + return ResolvedClassCategory.ARRAY; + } + for (ResolvedClassCategory t : ResolvedClassCategory.values()) { + if (t.cclass == cls) { + return t; + } + } + return ResolvedClassCategory.CUSTOM; + } + + private static void checkIfCustomClassIsSupported(Class cls) { + int modifiers = cls.getModifiers(); + if (cls.isMemberClass() && !Modifier.isStatic(modifiers)) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Unsupported class: " + cls.getName() + ". Inner non-static classes are not supported."); + } + if (Modifier.isAbstract(modifiers) || Modifier.isInterface(modifiers)) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Unsupported class: " + cls.getName() + ". Interfaces and abstract classes are not supported."); + } + Constructor[] constructors = cls.getDeclaredConstructors(); + if (constructors.length > 1) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Class: " + cls.getName() + " has more than one constructor."); + } + if (constructors.length == 0) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Class: " + cls.getName() + " doesn't have any constructor."); + } + } + + private static String resolveFieldName(Parameter parameter, Class targetClass) { + JsonFieldName annotation = parameter.getAnnotation(JsonFieldName.class); + if (annotation != null) { + return annotation.value(); + } + if (!targetClass.isRecord()) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Some of " + targetClass.getName() + "'s constructor arguments are not annotated with @JsonFieldName."); + } + return parameter.getName(); + } + + ConstructorArgumentsMap getArgumentsMap() { + return argumentsMap; + } + + Constructor getConstructor() { + return constructor; + } + + ResolvedClassCategory getClassCategory() { + return classCategory; + } + + ResolvedClass getElementClass() { + return elementClass; + } + + Class getRawClass() { + return rawClass; + } +} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/SchemaBasedJsonIterator.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/SchemaBasedJsonIterator.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b48595d --- /dev/null +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/SchemaBasedJsonIterator.java @@ -0,0 +1,735 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import org.simdjson.OnDemandJsonIterator.IteratorResult; +import org.simdjson.ResolvedClass.ResolvedClassCategory; + +import java.lang.reflect.Array; +import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; +import java.util.Collections; +import java.util.LinkedList; +import java.util.List; + +import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8; + +class SchemaBasedJsonIterator { + + private static final int INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE = 16; + + private final ClassResolver classResolver; + private final OnDemandJsonIterator jsonIterator; + private final byte[] stringBuffer; + + SchemaBasedJsonIterator(BitIndexes bitIndexes, byte[] stringBuffer, int padding) { + this.jsonIterator = new OnDemandJsonIterator(bitIndexes, padding); + this.classResolver = new ClassResolver(); + this.stringBuffer = stringBuffer; + } + + @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") + T walkDocument(byte[] padded, int len, Class expectedType) { + jsonIterator.init(padded, len); + classResolver.reset(); + + ResolvedClass resolvedExpectedClass = classResolver.resolveClass(expectedType); + return switch (resolvedExpectedClass.getClassCategory()) { + case BOOLEAN_PRIMITIVE -> (T) jsonIterator.getRootNonNullBoolean(); + case BOOLEAN -> (T) jsonIterator.getRootBoolean(); + case BYTE_PRIMITIVE -> (T) Byte.valueOf(jsonIterator.getRootNonNullByte()); + case BYTE -> (T) jsonIterator.getRootByte(); + case SHORT_PRIMITIVE -> (T) Short.valueOf(jsonIterator.getRootNonNullShort()); + case SHORT -> (T) jsonIterator.getRootShort(); + case INT_PRIMITIVE -> (T) Integer.valueOf(jsonIterator.getRootNonNullInt()); + case INT -> (T) jsonIterator.getRootInt(); + case LONG_PRIMITIVE -> (T) Long.valueOf(jsonIterator.getRootNonNullLong()); + case LONG -> (T) jsonIterator.getRootLong(); + case FLOAT_PRIMITIVE -> (T) Float.valueOf(jsonIterator.getRootNonNullFloat()); + case FLOAT -> (T) jsonIterator.getRootFloat(); + case DOUBLE_PRIMITIVE -> (T) Double.valueOf(jsonIterator.getRootNonNullDouble()); + case DOUBLE -> (T) jsonIterator.getRootDouble(); + case CHAR_PRIMITIVE -> (T) Character.valueOf(jsonIterator.getRootNonNullChar()); + case CHAR -> (T) jsonIterator.getRootChar(); + case STRING -> (T) getRootString(); + case ARRAY -> (T) getRootArray(resolvedExpectedClass.getElementClass()); + case CUSTOM -> (T) getRootObject(resolvedExpectedClass); + case LIST -> throw new JsonParsingException("Lists at the root are not supported. Consider using an array instead."); + }; + } + + private Object getRootObject(ResolvedClass expectedClass) { + IteratorResult result = jsonIterator.startIteratingRootObject(); + Object object = getObject(expectedClass, result); + jsonIterator.assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return object; + } + + private Object getObject(ResolvedClass expectedClass) { + IteratorResult result = jsonIterator.startIteratingObject(); + return getObject(expectedClass, result); + } + + private Object getObject(ResolvedClass expectedClass, IteratorResult result) { + if (result == IteratorResult.NOT_EMPTY) { + ConstructorArgumentsMap argumentsMap = expectedClass.getArgumentsMap(); + Object[] args = new Object[argumentsMap.getArgumentCount()]; + int parentDepth = jsonIterator.getDepth() - 1; + collectArguments(argumentsMap, args); + jsonIterator.skipChild(parentDepth); + return createObject(expectedClass, args); + } else if (result == IteratorResult.EMPTY) { + ConstructorArgumentsMap argumentsMap = expectedClass.getArgumentsMap(); + Object[] args = new Object[argumentsMap.getArgumentCount()]; + return createObject(expectedClass, args); + } + return null; + } + + private Object createObject(ResolvedClass expectedClass, Object[] args) { + try { + return expectedClass.getConstructor().newInstance(args); + } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Failed to construct an instance of " + expectedClass.getRawClass().getName(), e); + } + } + + private void collectArguments(ConstructorArgumentsMap argumentsMap, Object[] args) { + int collected = 0; + int argLen = args.length; + boolean hasFields = true; + while (collected < argLen && hasFields) { + int fieldNameLen = jsonIterator.getFieldName(stringBuffer); + jsonIterator.moveToFieldValue(); + ConstructorArgument argument = argumentsMap.get(stringBuffer, fieldNameLen); + if (argument != null) { + ResolvedClass argumentClass = argument.resolvedClass(); + collectArgument(argumentClass, args, argument); + collected++; + } else { + jsonIterator.skipChild(); + } + hasFields = jsonIterator.nextObjectField(); + } + } + + private void collectArgument(ResolvedClass argumentClass, Object[] args, ConstructorArgument argument) { + args[argument.idx()] = switch (argumentClass.getClassCategory()) { + case BOOLEAN_PRIMITIVE -> jsonIterator.getNonNullBoolean(); + case BOOLEAN -> jsonIterator.getBoolean(); + case BYTE_PRIMITIVE -> jsonIterator.getNonNullByte(); + case BYTE -> jsonIterator.getByte(); + case SHORT_PRIMITIVE -> jsonIterator.getNonNullShort(); + case SHORT -> jsonIterator.getShort(); + case INT_PRIMITIVE -> jsonIterator.getNonNullInt(); + case INT -> jsonIterator.getInt(); + case LONG_PRIMITIVE -> jsonIterator.getNonNullLong(); + case LONG -> jsonIterator.getLong(); + case FLOAT_PRIMITIVE -> jsonIterator.getNonNullFloat(); + case FLOAT -> jsonIterator.getFloat(); + case DOUBLE_PRIMITIVE -> jsonIterator.getNonNullDouble(); + case DOUBLE -> jsonIterator.getDouble(); + case CHAR_PRIMITIVE -> jsonIterator.getNonNullChar(); + case CHAR -> jsonIterator.getChar(); + case STRING -> getString(); + case ARRAY -> getArray(argumentClass.getElementClass()); + case LIST -> getList(argumentClass.getElementClass()); + case CUSTOM -> getObject(argument.resolvedClass()); + }; + } + + private List getList(ResolvedClass elementType) { + IteratorResult result = jsonIterator.startIteratingArray(); + if (result == IteratorResult.EMPTY) { + return Collections.emptyList(); + } + if (result == IteratorResult.NULL) { + return null; + } + + LinkedList list = new LinkedList<>(); + boolean hasElements = true; + + switch (elementType.getClassCategory()) { + case BOOLEAN -> { + while (hasElements) { + list.add(jsonIterator.getBoolean()); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + } + case BYTE -> { + while (hasElements) { + list.add(jsonIterator.getByte()); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + } + case CHAR -> { + while (hasElements) { + list.add(jsonIterator.getChar()); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + } + case SHORT -> { + while (hasElements) { + list.add(jsonIterator.getShort()); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + } + case INT -> { + while (hasElements) { + list.add(jsonIterator.getInt()); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + } + case LONG -> { + while (hasElements) { + list.add(jsonIterator.getLong()); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + } + case DOUBLE -> { + while (hasElements) { + list.add(jsonIterator.getDouble()); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + } + case FLOAT -> { + while (hasElements) { + list.add(jsonIterator.getFloat()); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + } + case STRING -> { + while (hasElements) { + list.add(getString()); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + } + case CUSTOM -> { + while (hasElements) { + list.add(getObject(elementType)); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + } + case ARRAY -> { + while (hasElements) { + list.add(getArray(elementType.getElementClass())); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + } + case LIST -> { + while (hasElements) { + list.add(getList(elementType.getElementClass())); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + } + default -> throw new JsonParsingException("Unsupported array element type: " + elementType.getRawClass().getName()); + } + + return list; + } + + private Object getRootArray(ResolvedClass elementType) { + IteratorResult result = jsonIterator.startIteratingRootArray(); + Object array = getArray(elementType, result); + jsonIterator.assertNoMoreJsonValues(); + return array; + } + + private Object getArray(ResolvedClass elementType) { + IteratorResult result = jsonIterator.startIteratingArray(); + return getArray(elementType, result); + } + + private Object getArray(ResolvedClass elementType, IteratorResult result) { + if (result == IteratorResult.EMPTY) { + ResolvedClassCategory classCategory = elementType.getClassCategory(); + return classCategory.getEmptyArray() != null ? classCategory.getEmptyArray() : Array.newInstance(elementType.getRawClass(), 0); + } + if (result == IteratorResult.NULL) { + return null; + } + + return switch (elementType.getClassCategory()) { + case BOOLEAN_PRIMITIVE -> getPrimitiveBooleanArray(); + case BOOLEAN -> getBooleanArray(); + case BYTE_PRIMITIVE -> getBytePrimitiveArray(); + case BYTE -> getByteArray(); + case CHAR_PRIMITIVE -> getCharPrimitiveArray(); + case CHAR -> getCharArray(); + case SHORT_PRIMITIVE -> getShortPrimitiveArray(); + case SHORT -> getShortArray(); + case INT_PRIMITIVE -> getIntPrimitiveArray(); + case INT -> getIntArray(); + case LONG_PRIMITIVE -> getLongPrimitiveArray(); + case LONG -> getLongArray(); + case DOUBLE_PRIMITIVE -> getDoublePrimitiveArray(); + case DOUBLE -> getDoubleArray(); + case FLOAT_PRIMITIVE -> getFloatPrimitiveArray(); + case FLOAT -> getFloatArray(); + case STRING -> getStringArray(); + case CUSTOM -> getCustomObjectArray(elementType); + case ARRAY -> getArrayOfArrays(elementType); + case LIST -> throw new JsonParsingException("Arrays of lists are not supported."); + }; + } + + private Object getFloatArray() { + Float[] array = new Float[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + Float[] copy = new Float[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getFloat(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + Float[] copy = new Float[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private Object getFloatPrimitiveArray() { + float[] array = new float[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + float[] copy = new float[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getNonNullFloat(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + float[] copy = new float[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private Object getDoubleArray() { + Double[] array = new Double[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + Double[] copy = new Double[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getDouble(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + Double[] copy = new Double[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private Object getDoublePrimitiveArray() { + double[] array = new double[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + double[] copy = new double[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getNonNullDouble(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + double[] copy = new double[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private Object getLongPrimitiveArray() { + long[] array = new long[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + long[] copy = new long[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getNonNullLong(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + long[] copy = new long[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private Object getLongArray() { + Long[] array = new Long[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + Long[] copy = new Long[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getLong(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + Long[] copy = new Long[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private Object getShortPrimitiveArray() { + short[] array = new short[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + short[] copy = new short[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getNonNullShort(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + short[] copy = new short[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private Object getShortArray() { + Short[] array = new Short[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + Short[] copy = new Short[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getShort(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + Short[] copy = new Short[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private Object[] getCustomObjectArray(ResolvedClass elementType) { + Object[] array = (Object[]) Array.newInstance(elementType.getRawClass(), INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE); + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + Object[] copy = (Object[]) Array.newInstance(elementType.getRawClass(), newCapacity); + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = getObject(elementType); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + Object[] copy = (Object[]) Array.newInstance(elementType.getRawClass(), size); + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private Object[] getArrayOfArrays(ResolvedClass elementType) { + Object[] array = (Object[]) Array.newInstance(elementType.getRawClass(), INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE); + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + Object[] copy = (Object[]) Array.newInstance(elementType.getRawClass(), newCapacity); + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = getArray(elementType.getElementClass()); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + Object[] copy = (Object[]) Array.newInstance(elementType.getRawClass(), size); + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private Integer[] getIntArray() { + Integer[] array = new Integer[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + Integer[] copy = new Integer[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getInt(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + Integer[] copy = new Integer[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private int[] getIntPrimitiveArray() { + int[] array = new int[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + int[] copy = new int[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getNonNullInt(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + int[] copy = new int[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private Object getCharArray() { + Character[] array = new Character[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + Character[] copy = new Character[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getChar(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + Character[] copy = new Character[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private char[] getCharPrimitiveArray() { + char[] array = new char[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + char[] copy = new char[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getNonNullChar(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + char[] copy = new char[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private Object getByteArray() { + Byte[] array = new Byte[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + Byte[] copy = new Byte[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getByte(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + Byte[] copy = new Byte[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private byte[] getBytePrimitiveArray() { + byte[] array = new byte[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + byte[] copy = new byte[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getNonNullByte(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + byte[] copy = new byte[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private Boolean[] getBooleanArray() { + Boolean[] array = new Boolean[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + Boolean[] copy = new Boolean[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getBoolean(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + Boolean[] copy = new Boolean[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private boolean[] getPrimitiveBooleanArray() { + boolean[] array = new boolean[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + boolean[] copy = new boolean[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = jsonIterator.getNonNullBoolean(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + boolean[] copy = new boolean[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private String[] getStringArray() { + String[] array = new String[INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE]; + int size = 0; + boolean hasElements = true; + while (hasElements) { + int oldCapacity = array.length; + if (size == oldCapacity) { + int newCapacity = calculateNewCapacity(oldCapacity); + String[] copy = new String[newCapacity]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, oldCapacity); + array = copy; + } + array[size++] = getString(); + hasElements = jsonIterator.nextArrayElement(); + } + if (size != array.length) { + String[] copy = new String[size]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, copy, 0, size); + array = copy; + } + return array; + } + + private static int calculateNewCapacity(int oldCapacity) { + int minCapacity = oldCapacity + 1; + int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); + if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) { + newCapacity = minCapacity; + } + return newCapacity; + } + + private String getString() { + int len = jsonIterator.getString(stringBuffer); + if (len == -1) { + return null; + } + return new String(stringBuffer, 0, len, UTF_8); + } + + private String getRootString() { + int len = jsonIterator.getRootString(stringBuffer); + if (len == -1) { + return null; + } + return new String(stringBuffer, 0, len, UTF_8); + } +} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParser.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParser.java index 2ca2d1a..a752bc1 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParser.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParser.java @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ public class SimdJsonParser { private final StructuralIndexer indexer; private final BitIndexes bitIndexes; private final JsonIterator jsonIterator; + private final SchemaBasedJsonIterator schemaBasedJsonIterator; private final byte[] paddedBuffer; public SimdJsonParser() { @@ -19,18 +20,28 @@ public SimdJsonParser() { public SimdJsonParser(int capacity, int maxDepth) { bitIndexes = new BitIndexes(capacity); - jsonIterator = new JsonIterator(bitIndexes, capacity, maxDepth, PADDING); + byte[] stringBuffer = new byte[capacity]; + jsonIterator = new JsonIterator(bitIndexes, stringBuffer, capacity, maxDepth, PADDING); + schemaBasedJsonIterator = new SchemaBasedJsonIterator(bitIndexes, stringBuffer, PADDING); paddedBuffer = new byte[capacity]; reader = new BlockReader(STEP_SIZE); indexer = new StructuralIndexer(bitIndexes); } + public T parse(byte[] buffer, int len, Class expectedType) { + stage0(buffer); + byte[] padded = padIfNeeded(buffer, len); + reset(padded, len); + stage1(padded); + return schemaBasedJsonIterator.walkDocument(padded, len, expectedType); + } + public JsonValue parse(byte[] buffer, int len) { stage0(buffer); byte[] padded = padIfNeeded(buffer, len); reset(padded, len); stage1(padded); - return stage2(padded, len); + return jsonIterator.walkDocument(padded, len); } private byte[] padIfNeeded(byte[] buffer, int len) { @@ -62,8 +73,4 @@ private void stage1(byte[] buffer) { reader.advance(); indexer.finish(reader.getBlockIndex()); } - - private JsonValue stage2(byte[] buffer, int len) { - return jsonIterator.walkDocument(buffer, len); - } } diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StringParser.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StringParser.java index 11fb7fd..c03e7eb 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StringParser.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StringParser.java @@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import static org.simdjson.CharacterUtils.escape; import static org.simdjson.CharacterUtils.hexToInt; -import static org.simdjson.Tape.STRING; class StringParser { @@ -16,20 +15,20 @@ class StringParser { private static final int MIN_LOW_SURROGATE = 0xDC00; private static final int MAX_LOW_SURROGATE = 0xDFFF; - private final Tape tape; - private final byte[] stringBuffer; - - private int stringBufferIdx; + int parseString(byte[] buffer, int idx, byte[] stringBuffer, int stringBufferIdx) { + int dst = doParseString(buffer, idx, stringBuffer, stringBufferIdx + Integer.BYTES); + int len = dst - stringBufferIdx - Integer.BYTES; + IntegerUtils.toBytes(len, stringBuffer, stringBufferIdx); + return dst; + } - StringParser(Tape tape, byte[] stringBuffer) { - this.tape = tape; - this.stringBuffer = stringBuffer; + int parseString(byte[] buffer, int idx, byte[] stringBuffer) { + return doParseString(buffer, idx, stringBuffer, 0); } - void parseString(byte[] buffer, int idx) { - tape.append(stringBufferIdx, STRING); + private int doParseString(byte[] buffer, int idx, byte[] stringBuffer, int offset) { int src = idx + 1; - int dst = stringBufferIdx + Integer.BYTES; + int dst = offset; while (true) { ByteVector srcVec = ByteVector.fromArray(StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES, buffer, src); srcVec.intoArray(stringBuffer, dst); @@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ void parseString(byte[] buffer, int idx) { } else if (codePoint >= MIN_LOW_SURROGATE && codePoint <= MAX_LOW_SURROGATE) { throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid code point. The range U+DC00–U+DFFF is reserved for low surrogate."); } - dst += storeCodePointInStringBuffer(codePoint, dst); + dst += storeCodePointInStringBuffer(codePoint, dst, stringBuffer); } else { stringBuffer[dst + backslashDist] = escape(escapeChar); src += backslashDist + 2; @@ -65,9 +64,49 @@ void parseString(byte[] buffer, int idx) { dst += BYTES_PROCESSED; } } - int len = dst - stringBufferIdx - Integer.BYTES; - IntegerUtils.toBytes(len, stringBuffer, stringBufferIdx); - stringBufferIdx = dst; + return dst; + } + + char parseChar(byte[] buffer, int startIdx) { + int idx = startIdx + 1; + char character; + if (buffer[idx] == '\\') { + byte escapeChar = buffer[idx + 1]; + if (escapeChar == 'u') { + int codePoint = hexToInt(buffer, idx + 2); + if (codePoint >= MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE && codePoint <= MAX_LOW_SURROGATE) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid code point. Should be within the range U+0000–U+D777 or U+E000–U+FFFF."); + } + if (codePoint < 0) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid unicode escape sequence."); + } + character = (char) codePoint; + idx += 6; + } else { + character = (char) escape(escapeChar); + idx += 2; + } + } else if (buffer[idx] >= 0) { + // We have an ASCII character + character = (char) buffer[idx]; + idx++; + } else if ((buffer[idx] & 0b11100000) == 0b11000000) { + // We have a two-byte UTF-8 character + int codePoint = (buffer[idx] & 0b00011111) << 6 | (buffer[idx + 1] & 0b00111111); + character = (char) codePoint; + idx += 2; + } else if ((buffer[idx] & 0b11110000) == 0b11100000) { + // We have a three-byte UTF-8 character + int codePoint = (buffer[idx] & 0b00001111) << 12 | (buffer[idx + 1] & 0b00111111) << 6 | (buffer[idx + 2] & 0b00111111); + character = (char) codePoint; + idx += 3; + } else { + throw new JsonParsingException("String cannot be deserialized to a char. Expected a single 16-bit code unit character."); + } + if (buffer[idx] != '"') { + throw new JsonParsingException("String cannot be deserialized to a char. Expected a single-character string."); + } + return character; } private int parseLowSurrogate(byte[] buffer, int src, int codePoint) { @@ -84,7 +123,7 @@ private int parseLowSurrogate(byte[] buffer, int src, int codePoint) { } } - private int storeCodePointInStringBuffer(int codePoint, int dst) { + private int storeCodePointInStringBuffer(int codePoint, int dst, byte[] stringBuffer) { if (codePoint < 0) { throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid unicode escape sequence."); } @@ -120,8 +159,4 @@ private boolean hasQuoteFirst(long backslashBits, long quoteBits) { private boolean hasBackslash(long backslashBits, long quoteBits) { return ((quoteBits - 1) & backslashBits) != 0; } - - void reset() { - stringBufferIdx = 0; - } } diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexer.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexer.java index 43ec952..b2c4cbf 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexer.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexer.java @@ -85,7 +85,6 @@ private void finishStep(JsonCharacterBlock characters, JsonStringBlock strings, long nonQuoteScalar = scalar & ~strings.quote(); long followsNonQuoteScalar = nonQuoteScalar << 1 | prevScalar; prevScalar = nonQuoteScalar >>> 63; - // TODO: utf-8 validation long potentialScalarStart = scalar & ~followsNonQuoteScalar; long potentialStructuralStart = characters.op() | potentialScalarStart; bitIndexes.write(blockIndex, prevStructurals); @@ -94,8 +93,7 @@ private void finishStep(JsonCharacterBlock characters, JsonStringBlock strings, } private long lteq(ByteVector chunk0, byte scalar) { - long r = chunk0.compare(UNSIGNED_LE, scalar).toLong(); - return r; + return chunk0.compare(UNSIGNED_LE, scalar).toLong(); } private long lteq(ByteVector chunk0, ByteVector chunk1, byte scalar) { @@ -106,6 +104,7 @@ private long lteq(ByteVector chunk0, ByteVector chunk1, byte scalar) { void finish(int blockIndex) { bitIndexes.write(blockIndex, prevStructurals); + bitIndexes.finish(); stringScanner.finish(); if (unescapedCharsError != 0) { diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/TapeBuilder.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/TapeBuilder.java index fc7f87e..3d05783 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/TapeBuilder.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/TapeBuilder.java @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import static org.simdjson.Tape.ROOT; import static org.simdjson.Tape.START_ARRAY; import static org.simdjson.Tape.START_OBJECT; +import static org.simdjson.Tape.STRING; import static org.simdjson.Tape.TRUE_VALUE; class TapeBuilder { @@ -23,16 +24,18 @@ class TapeBuilder { private final NumberParser numberParser; private final StringParser stringParser; - TapeBuilder(int capacity, int depth, int padding) { + private int stringBufferIdx; + + TapeBuilder(int capacity, int depth, int padding, byte[] stringBuffer) { this.tape = new Tape(capacity); this.openContainers = new OpenContainer[depth]; this.padding = padding; for (int i = 0; i < openContainers.length; i++) { openContainers[i] = new OpenContainer(); } - this.stringBuffer = new byte[capacity]; - this.numberParser = new NumberParser(tape); - this.stringParser = new StringParser(tape, stringBuffer); + this.stringBuffer = stringBuffer; + this.numberParser = new NumberParser(); + this.stringParser = new StringParser(); } void visitDocumentStart() { @@ -55,9 +58,9 @@ void visitEmptyArray() { void visitRootPrimitive(byte[] buffer, int idx, int len) { switch (buffer[idx]) { case '"' -> visitString(buffer, idx); - case 't' -> visitRootTrueAtom(buffer, idx); - case 'f' -> visitRootFalseAtom(buffer, idx); - case 'n' -> visitRootNullAtom(buffer, idx); + case 't' -> visitRootTrueAtom(buffer, idx, len); + case 'f' -> visitRootFalseAtom(buffer, idx, len); + case 'n' -> visitRootNullAtom(buffer, idx, len); case '-', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9' -> visitRootNumber(buffer, idx, len); default -> throw new JsonParsingException("Unrecognized primitive. Expected: string, number, 'true', 'false' or 'null'."); } @@ -102,8 +105,9 @@ private void visitTrueAtom(byte[] buffer, int idx) { tape.append(0, TRUE_VALUE); } - private void visitRootTrueAtom(byte[] buffer, int idx) { - if (!isTrue(buffer, idx)) { + private void visitRootTrueAtom(byte[] buffer, int idx, int len) { + boolean valid = idx + 4 <= len && isTrue(buffer, idx) && (idx + 4 == len || isStructuralOrWhitespace(buffer[idx + 4])); + if (!valid) { throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid value starting at " + idx + ". Expected 'true'."); } tape.append(0, TRUE_VALUE); @@ -124,8 +128,9 @@ private void visitFalseAtom(byte[] buffer, int idx) { tape.append(0, FALSE_VALUE); } - private void visitRootFalseAtom(byte[] buffer, int idx) { - if (!isFalse(buffer, idx)) { + private void visitRootFalseAtom(byte[] buffer, int idx, int len) { + boolean valid = idx + 5 <= len && isFalse(buffer, idx) && (idx + 5 == len || isStructuralOrWhitespace(buffer[idx + 5])); + if (!valid) { throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid value starting at " + idx + ". Expected 'false'."); } tape.append(0, FALSE_VALUE); @@ -147,8 +152,9 @@ private void visitNullAtom(byte[] buffer, int idx) { tape.append(0, NULL_VALUE); } - private void visitRootNullAtom(byte[] buffer, int idx) { - if (!isNull(buffer, idx)) { + private void visitRootNullAtom(byte[] buffer, int idx, int len) { + boolean valid = idx + 4 <= len && isNull(buffer, idx) && (idx + 4 == len || isStructuralOrWhitespace(buffer[idx + 4])); + if (!valid) { throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid value starting at " + idx + ". Expected 'null'."); } tape.append(0, NULL_VALUE); @@ -166,11 +172,12 @@ void visitKey(byte[] buffer, int idx) { } private void visitString(byte[] buffer, int idx) { - stringParser.parseString(buffer, idx); + tape.append(stringBufferIdx, STRING); + stringBufferIdx = stringParser.parseString(buffer, idx, stringBuffer, stringBufferIdx); } private void visitNumber(byte[] buffer, int idx) { - numberParser.parseNumber(buffer, idx); + numberParser.parseNumber(buffer, idx, tape); } private void visitRootNumber(byte[] buffer, int idx, int len) { @@ -178,7 +185,7 @@ private void visitRootNumber(byte[] buffer, int idx, int len) { byte[] copy = new byte[remainingLen + padding]; System.arraycopy(buffer, idx, copy, 0, remainingLen); Arrays.fill(copy, remainingLen, remainingLen + padding, SPACE); - numberParser.parseNumber(copy, 0); + numberParser.parseNumber(copy, 0, tape); } private void startContainer(int depth) { @@ -202,7 +209,7 @@ private void emptyContainer(char start, char end) { void reset() { tape.reset(); - stringParser.reset(); + stringBufferIdx = 0; } JsonValue createJsonValue(byte[] buffer) { diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/annotations/JsonFieldName.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/annotations/JsonFieldName.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04c5530 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/annotations/JsonFieldName.java @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +package org.simdjson.annotations; + +import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; +import java.lang.annotation.Retention; +import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; +import java.lang.annotation.Target; + +@Target({ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE, ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER}) +@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) +public @interface JsonFieldName { + + String value() default ""; +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArrayParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArrayParsingTest.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5481569 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArrayParsingTest.java @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; +import org.simdjson.testutils.MapEntry; +import org.simdjson.testutils.MapSource; + +import java.util.Iterator; +import java.util.NoSuchElementException; + +import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.fail; +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.SimdJsonAssertions.assertThat; + +public class ArrayParsingTest { + + @Test + public void emptyArrayAtRoot() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[]"); + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); + Iterator it = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); + while (it.hasNext()) { + fail("Unexpected value"); + it.next(); + } + } + + @Test + public void arrayIterator() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[1, 2, 3]"); + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); + int[] expectedValues = new int[]{1, 2, 3}; + int counter = 0; + Iterator it = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); + while (it.hasNext()) { + JsonValue element = it.next(); + assertThat(element.isLong()).isTrue(); + assertThat(element.asLong()).isEqualTo(expectedValues[counter]); + counter++; + } + assertThat(counter).isEqualTo(expectedValues.length); + } + + @Test + public void arraySize() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[1, 2, 3]"); + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); + assertThat(jsonValue.getSize()).isEqualTo(3); + } + + @Test + public void largeArraySize() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + int realArraySize = 0xFFFFFF + 1; + byte[] json = new byte[realArraySize * 2 - 1 + 2]; + json[0] = '['; + int i = 0; + while (i < realArraySize) { + json[i * 2 + 1] = (byte) '0'; + json[i * 2 + 2] = (byte) ','; + i++; + } + json[json.length - 1] = ']'; + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); + assertThat(jsonValue.getSize()).isEqualTo(0xFFFFFF); + } + + @Test + public void missingCommaInArrayAtRoot() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[1 1]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Missing comma between array values"); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"[1,,1]", "[,]", "[,,]"}) + public void tooManyCommas(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unrecognized primitive. Expected: string, number, 'true', 'false' or 'null'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"[,", "[1 ", "[,,", "[1,", "[1", "["}) + public void unclosedArray(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unclosed array. Missing ']' for starting '['."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(stringKey = "[[]]", value = "Missing comma between array values"), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "[]", value = "Unclosed array. Missing ']' for starting '['.") + }) + public void unclosedArrayDueToPassedLength(String jsonStr, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length - 1)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @Test + public void missingCommaInArrayAtObjectField() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": [1 1]}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Missing comma between array values"); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(stringKey = "[,", value = "Unrecognized primitive. Expected: string, number, 'true', 'false' or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "[1 ", value = "Missing comma between array values"), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "[,,", value = "Unrecognized primitive. Expected: string, number, 'true', 'false' or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "[1,", value = "Unrecognized primitive. Expected: string, number, 'true', 'false' or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "[1", value = "Missing comma between array values"), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "[", value = "Unrecognized primitive. Expected: string, number, 'true', 'false' or 'null'.") + }) + public void unclosedArrayAtObjectField(String jsonStr, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @Test + public void noMoreElements() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[1, 2, 3]"); + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + Iterator it = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); + it.next(); + it.next(); + it.next(); + + // when + NoSuchElementException ex = assertThrows(NoSuchElementException.class, it::next); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("No more elements"); + } + + @Test + public void unclosedArrayPaddedWithOpenBraces() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[[[["); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 2)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unclosed array. Missing ']' for starting '['."); + } + + @Test + public void validArrayPaddedWithOpenBraces() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[][[[["); + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, 2); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); + Iterator it = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); + while (it.hasNext()) { + fail("Unexpected value"); + it.next(); + } + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArraySchemaBasedParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArraySchemaBasedParsingTest.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e743b87 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArraySchemaBasedParsingTest.java @@ -0,0 +1,503 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions; +import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; +import org.simdjson.schemas.ClassWithIntegerField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithBooleanListField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithIntegerListField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithStringArrayField; +import org.simdjson.testutils.MapEntry; +import org.simdjson.testutils.MapSource; +import org.simdjson.testutils.SchemaBasedRandomValueSource; + +import java.lang.reflect.Array; +import java.util.AbstractList; +import java.util.ArrayList; +import java.util.LinkedList; +import java.util.List; +import java.util.Set; + +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.SimdJsonAssertions.assertThat; + +public class ArraySchemaBasedParsingTest { + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = { + Object[].class, + String[].class, + char[].class, + Character[].class, + byte[].class, + Byte[].class, + short[].class, + Short[].class, + int[].class, + Integer[].class, + long[].class, + Long[].class, + boolean[].class, + Boolean[].class, + float[].class, + Float[].class, + double[].class, + Double[].class, + ClassWithIntegerField[].class + }) + public void emptyArrayAtRoot(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[]"); + + // when + Object array = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(array).isInstanceOf(expectedType); + assertThat(array.getClass().isArray()).isTrue(); + Assertions.assertThat(Array.getLength(array)).isEqualTo(0); + } + + @Test + public void objectWithEmptyArrayField() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": []}"); + + // when + RecordWithStringArrayField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithStringArrayField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).isEmpty(); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"1", "true", "false", "{}", ":", ",", "\"abc\""}) + public void invalidTypeAtRoot(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, int[].class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Expected '[' but got: '" + jsonStr.charAt(0) + "'."); + } + + @Test + public void missingCommaInArrayAtRoot() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[1 1]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, int[].class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Missing comma between array values"); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"[1,,1]", "[,]", "[,,]"}) + public void tooManyCommasInArrayAtRoot(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, int[].class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"[,", "[1 ", "[,,", "[1,", "[1", "["}) + public void unclosedArrayAtRoot(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, int[].class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unclosed array. Missing ']' for starting '['."); + } + + @Test + public void unclosedArrayDueToPassedLength() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[[]]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3, int[][].class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Missing comma between array values"); + } + + @Test + public void unclosedArrayPaddedWithOpenBraces() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[[[["); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 2, int[].class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unclosed array. Missing ']' for starting '['."); + } + + @Test + public void validArrayPaddedWithOpenBraces() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[][[[["); + + // when + int[] array = parser.parse(json, 2, int[].class); + + // then + assertThat(array).isEmpty(); + } + + @Test + public void missingCommaInArrayAtObjectField() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": [1 1]}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerArrayField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Missing comma between array values"); + } + + @Test + public void missingCommaInListAtObjectField() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": [1 1]}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerListField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Missing comma between array values"); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"[1,,1]", "[,]", "[,,]"}) + public void tooManyCommasInArrayAtObjectField(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerArrayField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"[1,,1]", "[,]", "[,,]"}) + public void tooManyCommasInListAtObjectField(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerListField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": [,}", value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": [1 }", value = "Missing comma between array values"), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": [,,}", value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": [1,}", value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": [1}", value = "Missing comma between array values"), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": [}", value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"ignore\": [1, \"field\": []}", value = "Expected ',' but reached end of buffer."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"ignore\": [", value = "Unclosed object. Missing '}' for starting '{'.") + }) + public void unclosedArrayAtObjectField(String jsonStr, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerArrayField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": [,}", value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": [1 }", value = "Missing comma between array values"), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": [,,}", value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": [1,}", value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": [1}", value = "Missing comma between array values"), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": [}", value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"ignore\": [1, \"field\": []}", value = "Expected ',' but reached end of buffer."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"ignore\": [", value = "Unclosed object. Missing '}' for starting '{'.") + }) + public void unclosedListAtObjectField(String jsonStr, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerListField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {AbstractList.class, LinkedList.class, ArrayList.class, Set.class}) + public void unsupportedTypeForArrays(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[1, 2, 3]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unsupported class: " + expectedType.getName() + + ". For JSON arrays at the root, use Java arrays. For inner JSON arrays, use either Java arrays or java.util.List."); + } + + @Test + public void listsAtRootAreNotSupported() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[1, 2, 3]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, List.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Undefined list element type."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = int[][].class, nulls = false) + public void multidimensionalArrays2d(String jsonStr, int[][] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + int[][] array = parser.parse(json, json.length, int[][].class); + + // then + assertThat(array) + .isDeepEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = int[][][].class, nulls = false) + public void multidimensionalArrays3d(String jsonStr, int[][][] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + int[][][] array = parser.parse(json, json.length, int[][][].class); + + // then + assertThat(array) + .isDeepEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = RecordWith2dIntegerListField.class, nulls = false) + public void multidimensionalArrays2dAsList(String jsonStr, Object expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + RecordWith2dIntegerListField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWith2dIntegerListField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object).usingRecursiveComparison().isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = RecordWith3dIntegerListField.class, nulls = false) + public void multidimensionalArrays3dAsList(String jsonStr, Object expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + RecordWith3dIntegerListField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWith3dIntegerListField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object).usingRecursiveComparison().isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @Test + public void nullAtRootWhenArrayIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); + + // when + int[] object = parser.parse(json, json.length, int[].class); + + // then + assertThat(object).isNull(); + } + + @Test + public void nullAtObjectFieldWhenArrayIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": null}"); + + // when + RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerArrayField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerArrayField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object).isNotNull(); + assertThat(object.field()).isNull(); + } + + @Test + public void nullAtObjectFieldWhenListIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": null}"); + + // when + RecordWithBooleanListField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithBooleanListField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object).isNotNull(); + assertThat(object.field()).isNull(); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(stringKey = "[],", value = "Unclosed array. Missing ']' for starting '['."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "[1, 2, 3],", value = "Unclosed array. Missing ']' for starting '['."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "[1, 2, 3][]", value = "More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "[1, 2, 3]{}", value = "Unclosed array. Missing ']' for starting '['."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "[1, 2, 3]1", value = "Unclosed array. Missing ']' for starting '['."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "null,", value = "More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!") + }) + public void moreValuesThanOneArrayAtRoot(String jsonStr, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, int[].class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @Test + public void arraysOfListsAreUnsupported() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[[1, 2], [1], [12, 13]]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, List[].class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Undefined list element type."); + } + + @Test + public void emptyJson() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, int[].class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("No structural element found."); + } + + @Test + public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("null")); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3, Boolean[].class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected 'null'."); + } + + private record RecordWith2dIntegerListField(List> field) { + + } + + private record RecordWith3dIntegerListField(List>> field) { + + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BenchmarkCorrectnessTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BenchmarkCorrectnessTest.java index d6deecf..06a1719 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BenchmarkCorrectnessTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BenchmarkCorrectnessTest.java @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import java.io.IOException; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Iterator; +import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; @@ -20,22 +21,48 @@ public class BenchmarkCorrectnessTest { public void countUniqueTwitterUsersWithDefaultProfile() throws IOException { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - Set defaultUsers = new HashSet<>(); byte[] json = loadTestFile("/twitter.json"); - // when - JsonValue simdJsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - Iterator tweets = simdJsonValue.get("statuses").arrayIterator(); - while (tweets.hasNext()) { - JsonValue tweet = tweets.next(); - JsonValue user = tweet.get("user"); - if (user.get("default_profile").asBoolean()) { - defaultUsers.add(user.get("screen_name").asString()); + for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { + Set defaultUsers = new HashSet<>(); + + // when + JsonValue simdJsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + Iterator tweets = simdJsonValue.get("statuses").arrayIterator(); + while (tweets.hasNext()) { + JsonValue tweet = tweets.next(); + JsonValue user = tweet.get("user"); + if (user.get("default_profile").asBoolean()) { + defaultUsers.add(user.get("screen_name").asString()); + } } + + // then + assertThat(defaultUsers.size()).isEqualTo(86); } + } - // then - assertThat(defaultUsers.size()).isEqualTo(86); + @Test + public void schemaBasedCountUniqueTwitterUsersWithDefaultProfile() throws IOException { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = loadTestFile("/twitter.json"); + + for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { + Set defaultUsers = new HashSet<>(); + + // when + Statuses statuses = parser.parse(json, json.length, Statuses.class); + for (var status : statuses.statuses()) { + User user = status.user(); + if (user.default_profile()) { + defaultUsers.add(user.screen_name()); + } + } + + // then + assertThat(defaultUsers.size()).isEqualTo(86); + } } @ParameterizedTest @@ -46,13 +73,25 @@ public void countUniqueTwitterUsersWithDefaultProfile() throws IOException { public void numberParserTest(String input, Double expected) { // given Tape tape = new Tape(100); - NumberParser numberParser = new NumberParser(tape); + NumberParser numberParser = new NumberParser(); byte[] numberUtf8Bytes = toUtf8(padWithSpaces(input)); // when - numberParser.parseNumber(numberUtf8Bytes, 0); + numberParser.parseNumber(numberUtf8Bytes, 0, tape); // then assertThat(tape.getDouble(0)).isEqualTo(expected); } + + record User(boolean default_profile, String screen_name) { + + } + + record Status(User user) { + + } + + record Statuses(List statuses) { + + } } diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanParsingTest.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..37979c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanParsingTest.java @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions; +import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; + +import java.util.Iterator; + +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.SimdJsonAssertions.assertThat; + +public class BooleanParsingTest { + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(booleans = {true, false}) + public void booleanValuesAtRoot(boolean booleanVal) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(Boolean.toString(booleanVal)); + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue).isEqualTo(booleanVal); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"true,", "false,"}) + public void moreThanBooleanAtRoot(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"fals", "falsee", "[f]", "{\"a\":f}"}) + public void invalidFalse(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at " + jsonStr.indexOf('f') + ". Expected 'false'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"tru", "truee", "[t]", "{\"a\":t}"}) + public void invalidTrue(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at " + jsonStr.indexOf('t') + ". Expected 'true'."); + } + + @Test + public void arrayOfBooleans() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[true, false]"); + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); + Iterator it = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); + Assertions.assertThat(it.hasNext()).isTrue(); + assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo(true); + assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo(false); + Assertions.assertThat(it.hasNext()).isFalse(); + } + + @Test + public void passedLengthSmallerThanTrueLength() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("true")); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected 'true'."); + } + + @Test + public void passedLengthSmallerThanFalseLength() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("false")); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 4)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected 'false'."); + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanSchemaBasedParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanSchemaBasedParsingTest.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..353a73f --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanSchemaBasedParsingTest.java @@ -0,0 +1,593 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithBooleanArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithBooleanField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithBooleanListField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithIntegerField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithStringField; +import org.simdjson.testutils.MapEntry; +import org.simdjson.testutils.MapSource; +import org.simdjson.testutils.SchemaBasedRandomValueSource; + +import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; + +public class BooleanSchemaBasedParsingTest { + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(booleans = {true, false}) + public void booleanValueAtRoot(boolean booleanVal) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(Boolean.toString(booleanVal)); + + // when + Boolean booleanValue = parser.parse(json, json.length, Boolean.class); + + // then + assertThat(booleanValue).isEqualTo(booleanVal); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(booleans = {true, false}) + public void primitiveBooleanValueAtRoot(boolean booleanVal) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(Boolean.toString(booleanVal)); + + // when + boolean booleanValue = parser.parse(json, json.length, boolean.class); + + // then + assertThat(booleanValue).isEqualTo(booleanVal); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(booleans = {true, false}) + public void booleanValueAtObjectField(boolean booleanVal) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + booleanVal + "}"); + + // when + RecordWithBooleanField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithBooleanField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).isEqualTo(booleanVal); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(booleans = {true, false}) + public void primitiveBooleanValueAtObjectField(boolean booleanVal) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + booleanVal + "}"); + + // when + RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).isEqualTo(booleanVal); + } + + @Test + public void nullAtRootWhenBooleanIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); + + // when + Boolean booleanValue = parser.parse(json, json.length, Boolean.class); + + // then + assertThat(booleanValue).isNull(); + } + + @Test + public void nullAtRootWhenPrimitiveBooleanIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, boolean.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true' or 'false'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\"abc\"", "1"}) + public void invalidTypeForBoolean(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, Boolean.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\"abc\"", "1"}) + public void invalidTypeForPrimitiveBoolean(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, boolean.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true' or 'false'."); + } + + @Test + public void nullAtObjectFieldWhenBooleanIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": null}"); + + // when + RecordWithBooleanField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithBooleanField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).isNull(); + } + + @Test + public void nullAtObjectFieldWhenPrimitiveBooleanIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": null}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true' or 'false'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"true,", "false,"}) + public void moreValuesThanOnePrimitiveBooleanAtRoot(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, boolean.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"true,", "false,", "null,"}) + public void moreValuesThanOneBooleanAtRoot(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, Boolean.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(stringKey = "truee", value = "true"), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "falsee", value = "false"), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "nul", value = "null"), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "nulll", value = "null"), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "nuul", value = "null") + }) + public void invalidBooleanAtRoot(String actual, String expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(actual); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, Boolean.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected '" + expected + "'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(stringKey = "truee", value = "true"), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "falsee", value = "false") + }) + public void invalidPrimitiveBooleanAtRoot(String actual, String expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(actual); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, boolean.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected '" + expected + "'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = String.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 0. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Integer.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = int.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForTrueAtRoot(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("true"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = String.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 0. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Integer.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = int.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForFalseAtRoot(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("false"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithStringField.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 10. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForTrue(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": true}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithStringField.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 10. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForFalse(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": false}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = Boolean[].class, nulls = false) + public void arrayOfBooleansAtRoot(String jsonStr, Boolean[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Boolean[] array = parser.parse(json, json.length, Boolean[].class); + + // then + assertThat(array).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = Boolean[].class, nulls = true) + public void arrayOfBooleansAndNullsAtRoot(String jsonStr, Boolean[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Boolean[] array = parser.parse(json, json.length, Boolean[].class); + + // then + assertThat(array).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = boolean[].class, nulls = false) + public void arrayOfPrimitiveBooleansAtRoot(String jsonStr, boolean[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + boolean[] array = parser.parse(json, json.length, boolean[].class); + + // then + assertThat(array).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @Test + public void arrayOfPrimitiveBooleansAndNullsAtRoot() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[true, false, null]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, boolean[].class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true' or 'false'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = boolean[].class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true' or 'false'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Boolean[].class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'.") + }) + public void arrayOfBooleansMixedWithOtherTypesAtRoot(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[true, false, 1]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanArrayField.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true' or 'false'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithBooleanArrayField.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithBooleanListField.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'.") + }) + public void arrayOfBooleansMixedWithOtherTypesAtObjectField(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": [true, false, 1]}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = int[].class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = String.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 0. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = int.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = boolean.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true' or 'false'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Boolean.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = boolean[][].class, value = "Expected '[' but got: 't'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Boolean[][].class, value = "Expected '[' but got: 't'.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForArrayOfBooleansAtRoot(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[true, false]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = boolean[].class, value = "Expected '[' but got: '{'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = String.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 0. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithIntegerField.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true' or 'false'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithStringField.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 10. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = boolean.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true' or 'false'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Boolean.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForArrayOfBooleansAtObjectField(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": [true, false]}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = Boolean[].class, nulls = false) + public void objectWithArrayOfBooleans(String jsonStr, Boolean[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + RecordWithBooleanArrayField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithBooleanArrayField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = boolean[].class, nulls = false) + public void objectWithArrayOfPrimitiveBooleans(String jsonStr, boolean[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanArrayField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanArrayField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = Boolean[].class, nulls = false) + public void objectWithListOfBooleans(String jsonStr, Boolean[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + RecordWithBooleanListField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithBooleanListField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = Boolean[].class, nulls = true) + public void objectWithListOfBooleansAndNulls(String jsonStr, Boolean[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + RecordWithBooleanListField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithBooleanListField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @Test + public void missingBooleanField() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"intField\": 1}"); + + // when + RecordWithBooleanField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithBooleanField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).isNull(); + } + + @Test + public void missingPrimitiveBooleanField() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"intField\": 1}"); + + // when + IllegalArgumentException ex = assertThrows( + IllegalArgumentException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex.getCause()).isInstanceOf(NullPointerException.class); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {boolean.class, Boolean.class}) + public void emptyJson(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("No structural element found."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {boolean.class, Boolean.class}) + public void passedLengthSmallerThanTrueLength(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("true")); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected 'true'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {boolean.class, Boolean.class}) + public void passedLengthSmallerThanFalseLength(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("false")); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 4, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected 'false'."); + } + + @Test + public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("null")); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3, Boolean.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected 'null'."); + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/FloatingPointNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/FloatingPointNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..75cc6ae --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/FloatingPointNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java @@ -0,0 +1,1297 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; +import org.junitpioneer.jupiter.cartesian.CartesianTest; +import org.junitpioneer.jupiter.cartesian.CartesianTest.Values; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithBooleanField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithByteArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithDoubleArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithDoubleField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithDoubleListField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithFloatArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithFloatField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithFloatListField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveFloatArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveFloatField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithStringField; +import org.simdjson.testutils.CartesianTestCsv; +import org.simdjson.testutils.CartesianTestCsvRow; +import org.simdjson.testutils.FloatingPointNumberTestFile; +import org.simdjson.testutils.FloatingPointNumberTestFile.FloatingPointNumberTestCase; +import org.simdjson.testutils.FloatingPointNumberTestFilesSource; +import org.simdjson.testutils.MapEntry; +import org.simdjson.testutils.MapSource; +import org.simdjson.testutils.SchemaBasedRandomValueSource; + +import java.io.IOException; +import java.math.BigDecimal; + +import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; + +public class FloatingPointNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest { + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = {Float.class, float.class, Double.class, double.class}, nulls = false) + public void floatingPointNumberAtRoot(String numberStr, Class schema, Object expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(numberStr); + + // when + Object number = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(number).isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {Float.class, Double.class}) + public void nullAtRootWhenFloatingPointNumberIsExpected(Class schema) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(value).isNull(); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {float.class, double.class}) + public void nullAtRootWhenPrimitiveFloatingPointNumberIsExpected(Class schema) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, schema)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource( + schemas = { + RecordWithFloatField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveFloatField.class, + RecordWithDoubleField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleField.class + }, + nulls = false + ) + public void floatingPointNumberAtObjectField(Class schema, String jsonStr, Object expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object object = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(object).isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {RecordWithFloatField.class, RecordWithDoubleField.class}) + public void nullAtObjectFieldWhenFloatingPointNumberIsExpected(Class schema) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": null}"); + + // when + Object object = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(object).extracting("field").isNull(); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {RecordWithPrimitiveFloatField.class, RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleField.class}) + public void nullAtObjectFieldWhenPrimitiveFloatingPointNumberIsExpected(Class schema) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": null}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, schema)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = {Float[].class, float[].class, Double[].class, double[].class}, nulls = false) + public void arrayOfFloatingPointNumbersAtRoot(Class schema, String jsonStr, Object expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object array = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(array.getClass().isArray()).isTrue(); + assertThat(array).isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = {Float[].class, Double[].class}, nulls = true) + public void arrayOfFloatingPointNumbersAndNullsAtRoot(Class schema, String jsonStr, Object expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object array = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(array.getClass().isArray()).isTrue(); + assertThat(array).isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {float.class, double.class}) + public void arrayOfPrimitiveFloatingPointNumbersAndNullsAtRoot(Class schema) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[-1.1, 1.0, 0.0, null]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, schema)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource( + schemas = { + RecordWithFloatArrayField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveFloatArrayField.class, + RecordWithDoubleArrayField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleArrayField.class + }, + nulls = false + ) + public void objectWithArrayOfFloatingPointNumbers(Class schema, String jsonStr, Object expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object object = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(object).usingRecursiveComparison().isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource( + schemas = { + RecordWithFloatArrayField.class, + RecordWithFloatListField.class, + RecordWithDoubleArrayField.class, + RecordWithDoubleListField.class + }, + nulls = true + ) + public void objectWithArrayOfFloatingPointNumbersWithNulls(Class schema, String jsonStr, Object expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object object = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(object).usingRecursiveComparison().isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void leadingZerosAreNotAllowed( + @Values(strings = {"01.0", "-01.0", "000.0", "-000.0", "012e34"}) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {float.class, Float.class, Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Leading zeroes are not allowed."); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void minusHasToBeFollowedByAtLeastOneDigit( + @Values(strings = {"-a123.0", "--123.0", "-+123.0", "-.123", "-e123",}) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {float.class, Float.class, Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void numberHasToBeFollowedByStructuralCharacterOrWhitespace( + @Values(strings = {"-1.0-2", "1.0a", "12E12.12", "1e2e3"}) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {float.class, Float.class, Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Number has to be followed by a structural character or whitespace."); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void decimalPointHasToBeFollowedByAtLeastOneDigit( + @Values(strings = {"123.", "1..1", "1.e1", "1.E1"}) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {float.class, Float.class, Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Decimal point has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void exponentIndicatorHasToBeFollowedByAtLeastOneDigit( + @Values(strings = {"1e+-2", "1E+-2", "1e--23", "1E--23", "1ea", "1Ea", "1e", "1E", "1e+", "1E+"}) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {float.class, Float.class, Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Exponent indicator has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {float.class, Float.class, Double.class, double.class}) + public void startingWithPlusIsNotAllowed(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("+1.0"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void numberHasToStartWithMinusOrDigit( + @Values(strings = {"a123", "a-123"}) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {float.class, Float.class, Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void positiveDoubleZero( + @Values(strings = { + "0.0", + "2251799813685248e-342", + "9999999999999999999e-343", + "1.23e-341", + "123e-343", + "0.0e-999", + "0e9999999999999999999999999999", + "18446744073709551615e-343", + "0.099999999999999999999e-323", + "0.99999999999999999999e-324", + "0.9999999999999999999e-324" + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(0.0d); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void negativeDoubleZero( + @Values(strings = { + "-0.0", + "-2251799813685248e-342", + "-9999999999999999999e-343", + "-1.23e-341", + "-123e-343", + "-0.0e-999", + "-0e9999999999999999999999999999", + "-18446744073709551615e-343", + "-0.099999999999999999999e-323", + "-0.99999999999999999999e-324", + "-0.9999999999999999999e-324" + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(-0.0d); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void positiveFloatZero( + @Values(strings = { + "0.0", + "1e-58", + "1e-64", + "0.0e-999", + "0e9999999999999999999999999999", + "18446744073709551615e-66", + "0.99999999999999999999e-46" + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Float.class, float.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(0.0f); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void negativeFloatZero( + @Values(strings = { + "-0.0", + "-1e-58", + "-1e-64", + "-0.0e-999", + "-0e9999999999999999999999999999", + "-18446744073709551615e-66", + "-0.99999999999999999999e-46" + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Float.class, float.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(-0.0f); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void exactDouble( + @CartesianTestCsv({ + "9007199254740991.0, 9007199254740991", + "9007199254740992.0, 9007199254740992", + "18014398509481988.0, 18014398509481988" + }) CartesianTestCsvRow row, + @Values(classes = {Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(row.getValueAsString(0)); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(row.getValueAsDouble(1)); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void exactFloat( + @CartesianTestCsv({ + "16777215.0, 16777215", + "16777216.0, 16777216", + "33554436.0, 33554436" + }) CartesianTestCsvRow row, + @Values(classes = {Float.class, float.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(row.getValueAsString(0)); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(row.getValueAsFloat(1)); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void minNormalDouble( + @Values(strings = { + "2.2250738585072016e-308", + "2.2250738585072015e-308", + "2.2250738585072014e-308", + "2.2250738585072013e-308", + "2.2250738585072012e-308" + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(0x1.0p-1022d); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void minNormalFloat( + @Values(strings = { + "1.17549433E-38", + "1.17549434E-38", + "1.17549435E-38", + "1.17549436E-38", + "1.17549437E-38" + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Float.class, float.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(0x1.0p-126f); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void maxSubnormalDouble( + @Values(strings = { + "2.2250738585072011e-308", + "2.2250738585072010e-308", + "2.2250738585072009e-308", + "2.2250738585072008e-308", + "2.2250738585072007e-308", + "0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000022250738585072008890245868760858598876504231122409594654935248025624400092282356951787758888037591552642309780950434312085877387158357291821993020294379224223559819827501242041788969571311791082261043971979604000454897391938079198936081525613113376149842043271751033627391549782731594143828136275113838604094249464942286316695429105080201815926642134996606517803095075913058719846423906068637102005108723282784678843631944515866135041223479014792369585208321597621066375401613736583044193603714778355306682834535634005074073040135602968046375918583163124224521599262546494300836851861719422417646455137135420132217031370496583210154654068035397417906022589503023501937519773030945763173210852507299305089761582519159720757232455434770912461317493580281734466552734375", + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(0x0.fffffffffffffp-1022d); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void maxSubnormalFloat( + @Values(strings = { + "1.1754942e-38", + "0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000117549421069244107548702944485", + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Float.class, float.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(0x0.fffffep-126f); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void minSubnormalDouble( + @Values(strings = { + "3e-324", + "4.9e-324", + "4.9406564584124654e-324", + "4.94065645841246544176568792868e-324", + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(0x0.0000000000001p-1022d); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void minSubnormalFloat( + @Values(strings = { + "1e-45", + "1.4e-45", + "1.4012984643248170e-45", + "1.40129846432481707092372958329e-45", + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Float.class, float.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(0x0.000002p-126f); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void maxDouble( + @Values(strings = { + "1.7976931348623157e308", + "1.7976931348623158e308", + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(0x1.fffffffffffffp+1023d); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void maxFloat( + @Values(strings = { + "3.4028234664e38", + "3.4028234665e38", + "3.4028234666e38", + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Float.class, float.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(0x1.fffffep+127f); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void positiveDoubleInfinity( + @Values(strings = { + "1.9e308", + "1.8e308", + "1234456789012345678901234567890e9999999999999999999999999999", + "1.832312213213213232132132143451234453123412321321312e308", + "2139879401095466344511101915470454744.9813888656856943E+272", + "2e30000000000000000", + "2e3000", + "1234456789012345678901234567890e999999999999999999999999999", + "1.7976931348623159e308", + "1438456663141390273526118207642235581183227845246331231162636653790368152091394196930365828634687637948157940776599182791387527135353034738357134110310609455693900824193549772792016543182680519740580354365467985440183598701312257624545562331397018329928613196125590274187720073914818062530830316533158098624984118889298281371812288789537310599037529113415438738954894752124724983067241108764488346454376699018673078404751121414804937224240805993123816932326223683090770561597570457793932985826162604255884529134126396282202126526253389383421806727954588525596114379801269094096329805054803089299736996870951258573010877404407451953846698609198213926882692078557033228265259305481198526059813164469187586693257335779522020407645498684263339921905227556616698129967412891282231685504660671277927198290009824680186319750978665734576683784255802269708917361719466043175201158849097881370477111850171579869056016061666173029059588433776015644439705050377554277696143928278093453792803846252715966016733222646442382892123940052441346822429721593884378212558701004356924243030059517489346646577724622498919752597382095222500311124181823512251071356181769376577651390028297796156208815375089159128394945710515861334486267101797497111125909272505194792870889617179758703442608016143343262159998149700606597792535574457560429226974273443630323818747730771316763398572110874959981923732463076884528677392654150010269822239401993427482376513231389212353583573566376915572650916866553612366187378959554983566712767093372906030188976220169058025354973622211666504549316958271880975697143546564469806791358707318873075708383345004090151974068325838177531266954177406661392229801349994695941509935655355652985723782153570084089560139142231.738475042362596875449154552392299548947138162081694168675340677843807613129780449323363759027012972466987370921816813162658754726545121090545507240267000456594786540949605260722461937870630634874991729398208026467698131898691830012167897399682179601734569071423681e-733" + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void negativeDoubleInfinity( + @Values(strings = { + "-1.9e308", + "-1.8e308", + "-1234456789012345678901234567890e9999999999999999999999999999", + "-1.832312213213213232132132143451234453123412321321312e308", + "-2139879401095466344511101915470454744.9813888656856943E+272", + "-2e30000000000000000", + "-2e3000", + "-1234456789012345678901234567890e999999999999999999999999999", + "-1.7976931348623159e308", + "-1438456663141390273526118207642235581183227845246331231162636653790368152091394196930365828634687637948157940776599182791387527135353034738357134110310609455693900824193549772792016543182680519740580354365467985440183598701312257624545562331397018329928613196125590274187720073914818062530830316533158098624984118889298281371812288789537310599037529113415438738954894752124724983067241108764488346454376699018673078404751121414804937224240805993123816932326223683090770561597570457793932985826162604255884529134126396282202126526253389383421806727954588525596114379801269094096329805054803089299736996870951258573010877404407451953846698609198213926882692078557033228265259305481198526059813164469187586693257335779522020407645498684263339921905227556616698129967412891282231685504660671277927198290009824680186319750978665734576683784255802269708917361719466043175201158849097881370477111850171579869056016061666173029059588433776015644439705050377554277696143928278093453792803846252715966016733222646442382892123940052441346822429721593884378212558701004356924243030059517489346646577724622498919752597382095222500311124181823512251071356181769376577651390028297796156208815375089159128394945710515861334486267101797497111125909272505194792870889617179758703442608016143343262159998149700606597792535574457560429226974273443630323818747730771316763398572110874959981923732463076884528677392654150010269822239401993427482376513231389212353583573566376915572650916866553612366187378959554983566712767093372906030188976220169058025354973622211666504549316958271880975697143546564469806791358707318873075708383345004090151974068325838177531266954177406661392229801349994695941509935655355652985723782153570084089560139142231.738475042362596875449154552392299548947138162081694168675340677843807613129780449323363759027012972466987370921816813162658754726545121090545507240267000456594786540949605260722461937870630634874991729398208026467698131898691830012167897399682179601734569071423681e-733" + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void positiveFloatInfinity( + @Values(strings = { + "1.9e39", + "1.8e39", + "1.9e40", + "1.8e40", + "1234456789012345678901234567890e9999999999999999999999999999", + "3.532312213213213232132132143451234453123412321321312e38", + "2139879401095466344511101915470454744.9813888656856943E+3", + "2e30000000000000000", + "2e3000", + "3.4028236e38", + "1438456663141390273526118207642235581183227845246331231162636653790368152091394196930365828634687637948157940776599182791387527135353034738357134110310609455693900824193549772792016543182680519740580354365467985440183598701312257624545562331397018329928613196125590274187720073914818062530830316533158098624984118889298281371812288789537310599037529113415438738954894752124724983067241108764488346454376699018673078404751121414804937224240805993123816932326223683090770561597570457793932985826162604255884529134126396282202126526253389383421806727954588525596114379801269094096329805054803089299736996870951258573010877404407451953846698609198213926882692078557033228265259305481198526059813164469187586693257335779522020407645498684263339921905227556616698129967412891282231685504660671277927198290009824680186319750978665734576683784255802269708917361719466043175201158849097881370477111850171579869056016061666173029059588433776015644439705050377554277696143928278093453792803846252715966016733222646442382892123940052441346822429721593884378212558701004356924243030059517489346646577724622498919752597382095222500311124181823512251071356181769376577651390028297796156208815375089159128394945710515861334486267101797497111125909272505194792870889617179758703442608016143343262159998149700606597792535574457560429226974273443630323818747730771316763398572110874959981923732463076884528677392654150010269822239401993427482376513231389212353583573566376915572650916866553612366187378959554983566712767093372906030188976220169058025354973622211666504549316958271880975697143546564469806791358707318873075708383345004090151974068325838177531266954177406661392229801349994695941509935655355652985723782153570084089560139142231.738475042362596875449154552392299548947138162081694168675340677843807613129780449323363759027012972466987370921816813162658754726545121090545507240267000456594786540949605260722461937870630634874991729398208026467698131898691830012167897399682179601734569071423681e-733" + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Float.class, float.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void negativeFloatInfinity( + @Values(strings = { + "-1.9e39", + "-1.8e39", + "-1.9e40", + "-1.8e40", + "-1234456789012345678901234567890e9999999999999999999999999999", + "-3.532312213213213232132132143451234453123412321321312e38", + "-2139879401095466344511101915470454744.9813888656856943E+3", + "-2e30000000000000000", + "-2e3000", + "-3.4028236e38", + "-1438456663141390273526118207642235581183227845246331231162636653790368152091394196930365828634687637948157940776599182791387527135353034738357134110310609455693900824193549772792016543182680519740580354365467985440183598701312257624545562331397018329928613196125590274187720073914818062530830316533158098624984118889298281371812288789537310599037529113415438738954894752124724983067241108764488346454376699018673078404751121414804937224240805993123816932326223683090770561597570457793932985826162604255884529134126396282202126526253389383421806727954588525596114379801269094096329805054803089299736996870951258573010877404407451953846698609198213926882692078557033228265259305481198526059813164469187586693257335779522020407645498684263339921905227556616698129967412891282231685504660671277927198290009824680186319750978665734576683784255802269708917361719466043175201158849097881370477111850171579869056016061666173029059588433776015644439705050377554277696143928278093453792803846252715966016733222646442382892123940052441346822429721593884378212558701004356924243030059517489346646577724622498919752597382095222500311124181823512251071356181769376577651390028297796156208815375089159128394945710515861334486267101797497111125909272505194792870889617179758703442608016143343262159998149700606597792535574457560429226974273443630323818747730771316763398572110874959981923732463076884528677392654150010269822239401993427482376513231389212353583573566376915572650916866553612366187378959554983566712767093372906030188976220169058025354973622211666504549316958271880975697143546564469806791358707318873075708383345004090151974068325838177531266954177406661392229801349994695941509935655355652985723782153570084089560139142231.738475042362596875449154552392299548947138162081694168675340677843807613129780449323363759027012972466987370921816813162658754726545121090545507240267000456594786540949605260722461937870630634874991729398208026467698131898691830012167897399682179601734569071423681e-733" + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Float.class, float.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void roundingOverflowForDouble( + @Values(strings = { + // In this case the binary significand after rounding up is equal to 9007199254740992 (2^53), + // which is more than we can store (2^53 - 1). + "7.2057594037927933e16", + "72057594037927933.0000000000000000", + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(0x1.0p+56d); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void roundingOverflowForFloat( + @Values(strings = { + // In this case the binary significand after rounding up is equal to 16777216 (2^24), + // which is more than we can store (2^24 - 1). + "7.2057594e16", + "72057594000000000.0000000", + }) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {Float.class, float.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(0x1.0p+56f); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void exponentWithMoreDigitsThanLongCanAccommodateAndLeadingZeros( + @CartesianTestCsv({ + "1e000000000000000000001, 10.0", + "1e-000000000000000000001, 0.1" + }) CartesianTestCsvRow row, + @Values(classes = {Float.class, float.class, Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(row.getValueAsString(0)); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(row.getValue(1, expectedType)); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void exponentWithMoreDigitsThanLongCanAccommodate( + @CartesianTestCsv({ + "0e999999999999999999999, 0.0", + "0e-999999999999999999999, 0.0", + "1e999999999999999999999, Infinity", + "1e-999999999999999999999, 0.0", + "9999999999999999999999999999999999999999e-999999999999999999999, 0.0", + "0.9999999999999999999999999999999999999999e999999999999999999999, Infinity" + }) CartesianTestCsvRow row, + @Values(classes = {Float.class, float.class, Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(row.getValueAsString(0)); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(row.getValue(1, expectedType)); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void doubleRoundTiesToEven( + @Values(strings = { + "2251799813685803.75", + "4503599627370497.5", + "4503599627475353.5", + "9007199254740993.0", + "4503599627370496.5", + "4503599627475352.5", + "2251799813685248.25", + "2.22507385850720212418870147920222032907240528279439037814303133837435107319244194686754406432563881851382188218502438069999947733013005649884107791928741341929297200970481951993067993290969042784064731682041565926728632933630474670123316852983422152744517260835859654566319282835244787787799894310779783833699159288594555213714181128458251145584319223079897504395086859412457230891738946169368372321191373658977977723286698840356390251044443035457396733706583981055420456693824658413747607155981176573877626747665912387199931904006317334709003012790188175203447190250028061277777916798391090578584006464715943810511489154282775041174682194133952466682503431306181587829379004205392375072083366693241580002758391118854188641513168478436313080237596295773983001708984375e-308", + "1125899906842624.125", + "1125899906842901.875", + "9007199254740993.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", + }) String numberStr, + @Values(classes = {Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(numberStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(Double.parseDouble(numberStr)); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void doubleRoundUpToNearest( + @Values(strings = { + "2251799813685803.15", + "4503599627370497.2", + "45035996.273704985", + "4503599627475353.2", + "9355950000000000000.00000000000000000000000000000000001844674407370955161600000184467440737095516161844674407370955161407370955161618446744073709551616000184467440737095516166000001844674407370955161618446744073709551614073709551616184467440737095516160001844674407370955161601844674407370955674451616184467440737095516140737095516161844674407370955161600018446744073709551616018446744073709551611616000184467440737095001844674407370955161600184467440737095516160018446744073709551168164467440737095516160001844073709551616018446744073709551616184467440737095516160001844674407536910751601611616000184467440737095001844674407370955161600184467440737095516160018446744073709551616184467440737095516160001844955161618446744073709551616000184467440753691075160018446744073709", + "1.0000000000000006661338147750939242541790008544921875", + "-92666518056446206563e3", + "90054602635948575728e72", + "7.0420557077594588669468784357561207962098443483187940792729600000e59", + }) String numberStr, + @Values(classes = {Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(numberStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(Double.parseDouble(numberStr)); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void doubleRoundDownToNearest( + @Values(strings = { + "2251799813685803.15", + "4503599627370497.2", + "45035996.273704985", + "4503599627475353.2", + "9355950000000000000.00000000000000000000000000000000001844674407370955161600000184467440737095516161844674407370955161407370955161618446744073709551616000184467440737095516166000001844674407370955161618446744073709551614073709551616184467440737095516160001844674407370955161601844674407370955674451616184467440737095516140737095516161844674407370955161600018446744073709551616018446744073709551611616000184467440737095001844674407370955161600184467440737095516160018446744073709551168164467440737095516160001844073709551616018446744073709551616184467440737095516160001844674407536910751601611616000184467440737095001844674407370955161600184467440737095516160018446744073709551616184467440737095516160001844955161618446744073709551616000184467440753691075160018446744073709", + "1.0000000000000006661338147750939242541790008544921875", + "-92666518056446206563e3", + "90054602635948575728e72", + "7.0420557077594588669468784357561207962098443483187940792729600000e59", + }) String numberStr, + @Values(classes = {Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(numberStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(Double.parseDouble(numberStr)); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void floatRoundTiesToEven( + @Values(strings = { + "1.1754941406275178592461758986628081843312458647327962400313859427181746759860647699724722770042717456817626953125e-38", + "30219.0830078125", + "16252921.5", + "5322519.25", + "3900245.875", + "1510988.3125", + "782262.28125", + "328381.484375", + "156782.0703125", + "85003.24609375", + "17419.6494140625", + "15498.36376953125", + "6318.580322265625", + "2525.2840576171875", + "16407.9462890625", + "8388614.5" + }) String numberStr, + @Values(classes = {Float.class, float.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(numberStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(Float.parseFloat(numberStr)); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void floatRoundUpToNearest( + @Values(strings = { + "1.1754941406275178592461758986628081843312458647327962400313859427181746759860647699724722770042717456817626953125", + "1.1754943508e-38", + "16252921.5", + "3900245.875", + "328381.484375", + "85003.24609375", + "2525.2840576171875", + "936.3702087402344", + "411.88682556152344", + "206.50310516357422", + "124.16878890991211", + "50.811574935913086", + "13.91745138168335", + "2.687217116355896", + "1.1877630352973938", + "0.09289376810193062", + "0.03706067614257336", + "0.028068351559340954", + "0.012114629615098238", + "0.004221370676532388", + "0.002153817447833717", + "0.0015924838953651488", + "0.00036393293703440577", + "1.1754947011469036e-38", + "7.0064923216240854e-46", + "4.7019774032891500318749461488889827112746622270883500860350068251e-38", + "3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089986280348253421170679", + }) String numberStr, + @Values(classes = {Float.class, float.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(numberStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(Float.parseFloat(numberStr)); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void floatRoundDownToNearest( + @Values(strings = { + "1.1754941406275178592461758986628081843312458647327962400313859427181746759860647699724722770042717456817626953125", + "30219.0830078125", + "5322519.25", + "1510988.3125", + "782262.28125", + "156782.0703125", + "17419.6494140625", + "15498.36376953125", + "6318.580322265625", + "1370.9265747070312", + "17.486443519592285", + "7.5464513301849365", + "0.7622503340244293", + "0.30531780421733856", + "0.21791061013936996", + "0.0008602388261351734", + "0.00013746770127909258", + "16407.9462890625", + "8388614.5", + "2.3509887016445750159374730744444913556373311135441750430175034126e-38", + "3.4028234664e38", + "3.4028234665e38", + "3.4028234666e38", + "0.000000000000000000000000000000000000011754943508222875079687365372222456778186655567720875215087517062784172594547271728515625", + "0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000140129846432481707092372958328991613128026194187651577175706828388979108268586060148663818836212158203125", + "0.00000000000000000000000000000000000002350988561514728583455765982071533026645717985517980855365926236850006129930346077117064851336181163787841796875", + "0.00000000000000000000000000000000000001175494210692441075487029444849287348827052428745893333857174530571588870475618904265502351336181163787841796875", + }) String numberStr, + @Values(classes = {Float.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(numberStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(Float.parseFloat(numberStr)); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void moreValuesThanOneFloatingPointNumberAtRoot( + @Values(strings = {"123.0,", "123.0{}", "1.0:"}) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {float.class, Float.class, Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = BigDecimal.class, value = "Class: java.math.BigDecimal has more than one constructor."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Number.class, value = "Unsupported class: java.lang.Number. Interfaces and abstract classes are not supported."), + @MapEntry(classKey = String.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 0. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Boolean.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = byte[].class, value = "Expected '[' but got: '1'.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForFloatingPointNumberAtRoot(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("123.0"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithStringField.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 10. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithBooleanField.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithByteArrayField.class, value = "Expected '[' but got: '1'.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForFloatingPointNumberAtObjectField(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": 123.0}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {float[].class, Float[].class, double[].class, Double[].class}) + public void arrayOfFloatingPointNumbersMixedWithOtherTypesAtRoot(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[1.0, -1.0, true]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = { + RecordWithFloatField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveFloatField.class, + RecordWithDoubleField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleField.class + }) + public void arrayOfFloatingPointNumbersMixedWithOtherTypesAtObjectField(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": [1.0, -1.0, true]}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = BigDecimal[].class, value = "Class: java.math.BigDecimal has more than one constructor."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Number[].class, value = "Unsupported class: java.lang.Number. Interfaces and abstract classes are not supported."), + @MapEntry(classKey = String.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 0. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = int.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = byte.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Byte.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = byte[][].class, value = "Expected '[' but got: '1'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Byte[][].class, value = "Expected '[' but got: '1'.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForArrayOfFloatingPointNumbersAtRoot(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[1.0, -1.0, 0]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = byte[].class, value = "Expected '[' but got: '{'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = String.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 0. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithBooleanField.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true' or 'false'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithStringField.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 10. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = byte.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Byte.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForArrayOfFloatingPointNumbersAtObjectField(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": [1.0, -1.0, 0.0]}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @FloatingPointNumberTestFilesSource + public void testFilesForPrimitiveDouble(FloatingPointNumberTestFile file) throws IOException { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + + try (FloatingPointNumberTestFile.FloatingPointNumberTestCasesIterator it = file.iterator()) { + while (it.hasNext()) { + FloatingPointNumberTestCase testCase = it.next(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(testCase.input()); + + // when + double value = parser.parse(json, json.length, double.class); + + // then + assertThat(value) + .withFailMessage("%nline: %d%n expected: %s%n was: %s", testCase.line(), testCase.expectedDouble(), value) + .isEqualTo(testCase.expectedDouble()); + } + } + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @FloatingPointNumberTestFilesSource + public void testFilesForDouble(FloatingPointNumberTestFile file) throws IOException { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + + try (FloatingPointNumberTestFile.FloatingPointNumberTestCasesIterator it = file.iterator()) { + while (it.hasNext()) { + FloatingPointNumberTestCase testCase = it.next(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(testCase.input()); + + // when + Double value = parser.parse(json, json.length, Double.class); + + // then + assertThat(value) + .withFailMessage("%nline: %d%nexpected: %s%nwas: %s", testCase.line(), testCase.expectedDouble(), value) + .isEqualTo(testCase.expectedDouble()); + } + } + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @FloatingPointNumberTestFilesSource + public void testFilesForPrimitiveFloat(FloatingPointNumberTestFile file) throws IOException { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + + try (FloatingPointNumberTestFile.FloatingPointNumberTestCasesIterator it = file.iterator()) { + while (it.hasNext()) { + FloatingPointNumberTestCase testCase = it.next(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(testCase.input()); + + // when + float value = parser.parse(json, json.length, float.class); + + // then + assertThat(value) + .withFailMessage("%nline: %d%n expected: %s%n was: %s", testCase.line(), testCase.expectedFloat(), value) + .isEqualTo(testCase.expectedFloat()); + } + } + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @FloatingPointNumberTestFilesSource + public void testFilesForFloat(FloatingPointNumberTestFile file) throws IOException { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + + try (FloatingPointNumberTestFile.FloatingPointNumberTestCasesIterator it = file.iterator()) { + while (it.hasNext()) { + FloatingPointNumberTestCase testCase = it.next(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(testCase.input()); + + // when + Float value = parser.parse(json, json.length, Float.class); + + // then + assertThat(value) + .withFailMessage("%nline: %d%nexpected: %s%nwas: %s", testCase.line(), testCase.expectedFloat(), value) + .isEqualTo(testCase.expectedFloat()); + } + } + } + + @CartesianTest + public void integralNumberAsFloatingPointNumber( + @Values(strings = {"123", "0", "-123"}) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = {float.class, Float.class, Double.class, double.class}) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid floating-point number. Fraction or exponent part is missing."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {float.class, Float.class, double.class, Double.class}) + public void emptyJson(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("No structural element found."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {Float.class, Double.class}) + public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("null")); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected 'null'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {float.class, Float.class, double.class, Double.class}) + public void passedLengthSmallerThanNumberLength(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("1.234")); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, 3, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value.toString()).isEqualTo("1.2"); + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/IntegralNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/IntegralNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..041c725 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/IntegralNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java @@ -0,0 +1,779 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; +import org.junitpioneer.jupiter.cartesian.CartesianTest; +import org.junitpioneer.jupiter.cartesian.CartesianTest.Values; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithBooleanField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithByteArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithByteField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithByteListField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithIntegerArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithIntegerField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithIntegerListField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithLongArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithLongField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithLongListField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveByteArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveByteField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveLongArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveLongField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveShortArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveShortField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithShortArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithShortField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithShortListField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithStringField; +import org.simdjson.testutils.MapEntry; +import org.simdjson.testutils.MapSource; +import org.simdjson.testutils.RandomIntegralNumberSource; +import org.simdjson.testutils.SchemaBasedRandomValueSource; + +import java.math.BigInteger; + +import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; + +public class IntegralNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest { + + @ParameterizedTest + @RandomIntegralNumberSource( + classes = { + Byte.class, + byte.class, + Short.class, + short.class, + Integer.class, + int.class, + Long.class, + long.class + }, + includeMinMax = true + ) + public void integralNumberAtRoot(Class schema, String jsonStr, Object expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {Byte.class, Short.class, Integer.class, Long.class}) + public void nullAtRootWhenIntegralNumberIsExpected(Class schema) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(value).isNull(); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {byte.class, short.class, int.class, long.class}) + public void nullAtRootWhenPrimitiveIntegralNumberIsExpected(Class schema) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, schema)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @RandomIntegralNumberSource( + classes = { + RecordWithByteField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveByteField.class, + RecordWithShortField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveShortField.class, + RecordWithIntegerField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField.class, + RecordWithLongField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveLongField.class + }, + includeMinMax = true + ) + public void integralNumberAtObjectField(Class schema, String jsonStr, Object expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object object = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(object).isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = { + RecordWithByteField.class, + RecordWithShortField.class, + RecordWithIntegerField.class, + RecordWithLongField.class + }) + public void nullAtObjectFieldWhenIntegralNumberIsExpected(Class schema) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": null}"); + + // when + Object object = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(object).extracting("field").isNull(); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = { + RecordWithPrimitiveByteField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveShortField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveLongField.class + }) + public void nullAtObjectFieldWhenPrimitiveIntegralNumberIsExpected(Class schema) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": null}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, schema)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource( + schemas = { + Byte[].class, + byte[].class, + Short[].class, + short[].class, + Integer[].class, + int[].class, + Long[].class, + long[].class + }, + nulls = false + ) + public void arrayOfIntegralNumbersAtRoot(Class schema, String jsonStr, Object expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object array = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(array.getClass().isArray()).isTrue(); + assertThat(array).isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource( + schemas = { + Byte[].class, + Short[].class, + Integer[].class, + Long[].class + }, + nulls = true + ) + public void arrayOfIntegralNumbersAndNullsAtRoot(Class schema, String jsonStr, Object expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object array = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(array.getClass().isArray()).isTrue(); + assertThat(array).isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {byte.class, short.class, int.class, long.class}) + public void arrayOfPrimitiveIntegralNumbersAndNullsAtRoot(Class schema) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[-128, 1, 127, null]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, schema)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource( + schemas = { + RecordWithByteArrayField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveByteArrayField.class, + RecordWithShortArrayField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveShortArrayField.class, + RecordWithIntegerArrayField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerArrayField.class, + RecordWithLongArrayField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveLongArrayField.class + }, + nulls = false + ) + public void objectWithArrayOfIntegralNumbers(Class schema, String jsonStr, Object expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object object = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(object).usingRecursiveComparison().isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource( + schemas = { + RecordWithByteArrayField.class, + RecordWithByteListField.class, + RecordWithShortArrayField.class, + RecordWithShortListField.class, + RecordWithIntegerArrayField.class, + RecordWithIntegerListField.class, + RecordWithLongArrayField.class, + RecordWithLongListField.class + }, + nulls = true + ) + public void objectWithArrayOfIntegralNumbersWithNulls(Class schema, String jsonStr, Object expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Object object = parser.parse(json, json.length, schema); + + // then + assertThat(object).usingRecursiveComparison().isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void outOfPrimitiveByteRange( + @Values(classes = {byte.class, Byte.class}) Class expectedType, + @Values(strings = { + "-9223372036854775809", + "-129", + "128", + "9223372036854775808" + }) String numStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(numStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Number value is out of byte range ([-128, 127])."); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void outOfPrimitiveShortRange( + @Values(classes = {short.class, Short.class}) Class expectedType, + @Values(strings = { + "-9223372036854775809", + "-32769", + "32768", + "9223372036854775808" + }) String numStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(numStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Number value is out of short range ([-32768, 32767])."); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void outOfPrimitiveIntegerRange( + @Values(classes = {int.class, Integer.class}) Class expectedType, + @Values(strings = { + "-9223372036854775809", + "-2147483649", + "2147483648", + "9223372036854775808" + }) String numStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(numStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Number value is out of int range ([-2147483648, 2147483647])."); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void outOfPrimitiveLongRange( + @Values(classes = {long.class, Long.class}) Class expectedType, + @Values(strings = { + "9223372036854775808", + "9999999999999999999", + "10000000000000000000", + "-9223372036854775809", + "-9999999999999999999", + "-10000000000000000000" + }) String numStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(numStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Number value is out of long range ([-9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807])."); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void leadingZerosAreNotAllowed( + @Values(strings = {"01", "-01", "000", "-000"}) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = { + byte.class, + Byte.class, + short.class, + Short.class, + int.class, + Integer.class, + long.class, + Long.class + }) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Leading zeroes are not allowed."); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void minusHasToBeFollowedByAtLeastOneDigit( + @Values(strings = {"-a123", "--123", "-+123"}) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = { + byte.class, + Byte.class, + short.class, + Short.class, + int.class, + Integer.class, + long.class, + Long.class + }) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void numberHasToBeFollowedByStructuralCharacterOrWhitespace( + @Values(strings = {"-1-2", "1a"}) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = { + byte.class, + Byte.class, + short.class, + Short.class, + int.class, + Integer.class, + long.class, + Long.class + }) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Number has to be followed by a structural character or whitespace."); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void moreValuesThanOneIntegralNumberAtRoot( + @Values(strings = {"123,", "123{}", "1:"}) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = { + byte.class, + Byte.class, + short.class, + Short.class, + int.class, + Integer.class, + long.class, + Long.class + }) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void floatingPointNumberAsIntegralNumber( + @Values(strings = {"1.0", "-1.0", "1e1", "1.9e1"}) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = { + byte.class, + Byte.class, + short.class, + Short.class, + int.class, + Integer.class, + long.class, + Long.class + }) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Number has to be followed by a structural character or whitespace."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = BigInteger.class, value = "Class: java.math.BigInteger has more than one constructor."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Number.class, value = "Unsupported class: java.lang.Number. Interfaces and abstract classes are not supported."), + @MapEntry(classKey = String.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 0. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Boolean.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = byte[].class, value = "Expected '[' but got: '1'.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForIntegralNumberAtRoot(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("123"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithStringField.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 10. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithBooleanField.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithByteArrayField.class, value = "Expected '[' but got: '1'.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForIntegralNumberAtObjectField(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": 123}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = { + byte[].class, + Byte[].class, + short[].class, + Short[].class, + int[].class, + Integer[].class, + long[].class, + Long[].class + }) + public void arrayOfIntegralNumbersMixedWithOtherTypesAtRoot(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[1, -1, true]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = { + RecordWithByteArrayField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveByteArrayField.class, + RecordWithByteListField.class, + RecordWithShortArrayField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveShortArrayField.class, + RecordWithShortListField.class, + RecordWithIntegerArrayField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerArrayField.class, + RecordWithIntegerListField.class, + RecordWithLongArrayField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveLongArrayField.class, + RecordWithLongListField.class + }) + public void arrayOfIntegralNumbersMixedWithOtherTypesAtObjectField(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": [1, -1, true]}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = BigInteger[].class, value = "Class: java.math.BigInteger has more than one constructor."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Number[].class, value = "Unsupported class: java.lang.Number. Interfaces and abstract classes are not supported."), + @MapEntry(classKey = String.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 0. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = int.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = byte.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Byte.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = byte[][].class, value = "Expected '[' but got: '1'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Byte[][].class, value = "Expected '[' but got: '1'.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForArrayOfIntegralNumbersAtRoot(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[1, -1, 0]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = byte[].class, value = "Expected '[' but got: '{'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = String.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 0. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithBooleanField.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true' or 'false'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithStringField.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 10. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = byte.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Byte.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForArrayOfIntegralNumbersAtObjectField(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": [1, -1, 0]}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = { + byte.class, + Byte.class, + short.class, + Short.class, + int.class, + Integer.class, + long.class, + Long.class + }) + public void startingWithPlusIsNotAllowed(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("+1"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @CartesianTest + public void numberHasToStartWithMinusOrDigit( + @Values(strings = {"a123", "a-123"}) String jsonStr, + @Values(classes = { + byte.class, + Byte.class, + short.class, + Short.class, + int.class, + Integer.class, + long.class, + Long.class + }) Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {byte.class, Byte.class}) + public void minusZeroIsTreatedAsByteZero(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("-0"); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo((byte) 0); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {short.class, Short.class}) + public void minusZeroIsTreatedAsShortZero(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("-0"); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo((short) 0); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {int.class, Integer.class}) + public void minusZeroIsTreatedAsIntegerZero(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("-0"); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(0); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {long.class, Long.class}) + public void minusZeroIsTreatedAsLongZero(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("-0"); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(0L); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {Byte.class, byte.class, Short.class, short.class, Integer.class, int.class, Long.class, long.class}) + public void emptyJson(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("No structural element found."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {Byte.class, Short.class, Integer.class, Long.class}) + public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("null")); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected 'null'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {byte.class, Byte.class, short.class, Short.class, int.class, Integer.class, long.class, Long.class}) + public void passedLengthSmallerThanNumberLength(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("1234")); + + // when + Object value = parser.parse(json, 2, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(value.toString()).isEqualTo("12"); + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/NullParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/NullParsingTest.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc2cbc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/NullParsingTest.java @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; + +import java.util.Iterator; + +import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; + +public class NullParsingTest { + + @Test + public void nullValueAtRoot() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue.isNull()).isTrue(); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"[n]", "{\"a\":n}"}) + public void invalidNull(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at " + jsonStr.indexOf('n') + ". Expected 'null'."); + } + + @Test + public void moreThanNullAtRoot() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null,"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"nulll", "nul"}) + public void invalidNullAtRoot(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected 'null'."); + } + + @Test + public void arrayOfNulls() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[null, null, null]"); + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); + Iterator it = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); + for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { + assertThat(it.hasNext()).isTrue(); + JsonValue element = it.next(); + assertThat(element.isNull()).isTrue(); + } + assertThat(it.hasNext()).isFalse(); + } + + @Test + public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("null")); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected 'null'."); + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/NumberParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/NumberParsingTest.java index e92aca3..1599add 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/NumberParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/NumberParsingTest.java @@ -1,26 +1,68 @@ package org.simdjson; +import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.CsvSource; -import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource; import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; +import org.simdjson.testutils.FloatingPointNumberTestFile; +import org.simdjson.testutils.FloatingPointNumberTestFile.FloatingPointNumberTestCase; +import org.simdjson.testutils.FloatingPointNumberTestFilesSource; +import org.simdjson.testutils.RandomIntegralNumberSource; -import java.io.BufferedReader; -import java.io.File; -import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; -import java.nio.file.Path; -import java.util.List; -import java.util.stream.Stream; +import java.util.Iterator; -import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; -import static org.simdjson.JsonValueAssert.assertThat; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.SimdJsonAssertions.assertThat; public class NumberParsingTest { + @ParameterizedTest + @RandomIntegralNumberSource(classes = long.class, includeMinMax = true) + public void longAtRoot(String longStr, long expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(longStr); + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue).isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"1.1", "-1.1", "1e1", "1E1", "-1e1", "-1E1", "1e-1", "1E-1", "1.1e1", "1.1E1"}) + public void doubleAtRoot(String doubleStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(doubleStr); + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue).isEqualTo(Double.parseDouble(doubleStr)); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"1,", "1.1,"}) + public void invalidNumbersAtRoot(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"); + } + @ParameterizedTest @ValueSource(strings = { "123.", @@ -37,7 +79,8 @@ public void decimalPointHasToBeFollowedByAtLeastOneDigit(String input) { JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Invalid number. Decimal point has to be followed by a digit."); + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Decimal point has to be followed by a digit."); } @ParameterizedTest @@ -62,7 +105,8 @@ public void exponentIndicatorHasToBeFollowedByAtLeastOneDigit(String input) { JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Invalid number. Exponent indicator has to be followed by a digit."); + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Exponent indicator has to be followed by a digit."); } @ParameterizedTest @@ -83,7 +127,8 @@ public void leadingZerosAreNotAllowed(String input) { JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Invalid number. Leading zeroes are not allowed."); + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Leading zeroes are not allowed."); } @ParameterizedTest @@ -105,7 +150,8 @@ public void minusHasToBeFollowedByAtLeastOneDigit(String input) { JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."); } @ParameterizedTest @@ -125,7 +171,8 @@ public void numberHasToBeFollowedByStructuralCharacterOrWhitespace(String input) JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Number has to be followed by a structural character or whitespace."); + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Number has to be followed by a structural character or whitespace."); } @Test @@ -151,7 +198,8 @@ public void startingWithPlusIsNotAllowed() { JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Unrecognized primitive. Expected: string, number, 'true', 'false' or 'null'."); + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unrecognized primitive. Expected: string, number, 'true', 'false' or 'null'."); } @ParameterizedTest @@ -170,7 +218,8 @@ public void numberHasToStartWithMinusOrDigit(String input) { JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Unrecognized primitive. Expected: string, number, 'true', 'false' or 'null'."); + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unrecognized primitive. Expected: string, number, 'true', 'false' or 'null'."); } @ParameterizedTest @@ -208,7 +257,8 @@ public void outOfRangeLongIsNotAllowed(String input) { JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Number value is out of long range ([-9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807])."); + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Number value is out of long range ([-9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807])."); } @ParameterizedTest @@ -541,50 +591,57 @@ public void exactDouble(String input, double expected) { } @ParameterizedTest - @MethodSource("listTestFiles") - // This test assumes that input files are formatted as described in: https://github.com/nigeltao/parse-number-fxx-test-data - public void testFiles(File file) throws IOException { + @FloatingPointNumberTestFilesSource + public void testFiles(FloatingPointNumberTestFile file) throws IOException { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file))) { - String line; - while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { - String[] cells = line.split(" "); - Double expected = Double.longBitsToDouble(Long.decode("0x" + cells[2])); - String input = readInputNumber(cells[3]); - byte[] json = toUtf8(input); + try (FloatingPointNumberTestFile.FloatingPointNumberTestCasesIterator it = file.iterator()) { + while (it.hasNext()) { + FloatingPointNumberTestCase testCase = it.next(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(testCase.input()); // when JsonValue value = parser.parse(json, json.length); // then - assertThat(value).isEqualTo(expected); + assertThat(value) + .withFailMessage("%nline: %d%n expected: %s%n was: %s", testCase.line(), testCase.expectedDouble(), value) + .isEqualTo(testCase.expectedDouble()); } } } - private static String readInputNumber(String input) { - boolean isDouble = input.indexOf('e') >= 0 || input.indexOf('E') >= 0 || input.indexOf('.') >= 0; - if (isDouble) { - if (input.startsWith(".")) { - input = "0" + input; - } - return input.replaceFirst("\\.[eE]", ".0e"); - } - return input + ".0"; + @Test + public void arrayOfNumbers() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[0, 1, -1, 1.1]"); + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); + Iterator it = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); + Assertions.assertThat(it.hasNext()).isTrue(); + assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo(0); + assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo(1); + assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo(-1); + assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo(1.1); + Assertions.assertThat(it.hasNext()).isFalse(); } - private static List listTestFiles() throws IOException { - String testDataDir = System.getProperty("org.simdjson.testdata.dir", System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/testdata"); - File[] testFiles = Path.of(testDataDir, "parse-number-fxx-test-data", "data").toFile().listFiles(); - if (testFiles == null) { - File emptyFile = new File(testDataDir, "empty.txt"); - emptyFile.createNewFile(); - return List.of(emptyFile); - } - return Stream.of(testFiles) - .filter(File::isFile) - .toList(); + @Test + public void passedLengthSmallerThanNumberLength() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("1234")); + + // when + JsonValue value = parser.parse(json, 2); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(12); } } diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectParsingTest.java index 36cdbbc..3aa94c7 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectParsingTest.java @@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import java.util.Iterator; +import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; -import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; -import static org.simdjson.JsonValueAssert.assertThat; +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.SimdJsonAssertions.assertThat; public class ObjectParsingTest { @@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ public void emptyObject() { // then assertThat(jsonValue.isObject()).isTrue(); - Iterator it = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); + Iterator> it = jsonValue.objectIterator(); assertThat(it.hasNext()).isFalse(); } @@ -94,4 +95,69 @@ public void nonexistentField() { assertThat(jsonValue.get("\\u20A9\\u0E3F")).isNull(); assertThat(jsonValue.get("αβ")).isNull(); } + + @Test + public void nullFieldName() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\\null: 1}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Object does not start with a key"); + } + + @Test + public void arrayOfObjects() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[{\"a\": 1}, {\"a\": 2}, {\"a\": 3}]"); + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); + Iterator arrayIterator = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); + for (int expectedValue : List.of(1, 2, 3)) { + assertThat(arrayIterator.hasNext()).isTrue(); + JsonValue object = arrayIterator.next(); + assertThat(object.isObject()).isTrue(); + JsonValue field = object.get("a"); + assertThat(field.isLong()).isTrue(); + assertThat(field.asLong()).isEqualTo(expectedValue); + } + assertThat(arrayIterator.hasNext()).isFalse(); + } + + @Test + public void emptyJson() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("No structural element found."); + } + + @Test + public void unclosedObjectDueToPassedLength() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"a\":{}}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length - 1)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("No comma between object fields"); + } } diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dcb6545 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest.java @@ -0,0 +1,821 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; +import org.simdjson.annotations.JsonFieldName; +import org.simdjson.schemas.ClassWithIntegerField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.ClassWithPrimitiveBooleanField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.ClassWithPrimitiveByteField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.ClassWithPrimitiveCharacterField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.ClassWithPrimitiveDoubleField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.ClassWithPrimitiveFloatField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.ClassWithPrimitiveIntegerField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.ClassWithPrimitiveLongField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.ClassWithPrimitiveShortField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.ClassWithStringField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithIntegerField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveByteField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveFloatField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveLongField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveShortField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithStringField; +import org.simdjson.testutils.MapEntry; +import org.simdjson.testutils.MapSource; +import org.simdjson.testutils.SchemaBasedRandomValueSource; + +import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; +import java.util.List; + +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.SimdJsonAssertions.assertThat; + +public class ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest { + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = { + RecordWithIntegerField.class, + ClassWithIntegerField.class, + ClassWithoutExplicitConstructor.class + }) + public void emptyObject(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{}"); + + // when + Object object = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(object).isNotNull(); + assertThat(object).hasAllNullFieldsOrProperties(); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = { + RecordWithPrimitiveByteField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveShortField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveLongField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveFloatField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleField.class, + RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField.class, + ClassWithPrimitiveByteField.class, + ClassWithPrimitiveShortField.class, + ClassWithPrimitiveIntegerField.class, + ClassWithPrimitiveLongField.class, + ClassWithPrimitiveBooleanField.class, + ClassWithPrimitiveFloatField.class, + ClassWithPrimitiveDoubleField.class, + ClassWithPrimitiveCharacterField.class + }) + public void emptyObjectWhenPrimitiveFieldsAreExpected(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{}"); + + // when + IllegalArgumentException ex = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasCauseExactlyInstanceOf(NullPointerException.class); + } + + @Test + public void nullAtRootWhenObjectIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); + + // when + RecordWithPrimitiveByteField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveByteField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object).isNull(); + } + + @Test + public void nullAtObjectFieldWhenObjectIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"nestedField\": null}"); + + // when + NestedRecordWithStringField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, NestedRecordWithStringField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object).isNotNull(); + assertThat(object.nestedField()).isNull(); + } + + @Test + public void recordWithExplicitFieldNames() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"ąćśńźż\": 1, \"\\u20A9\\u0E3F\": 2, \"αβγ\": 3, \"😀abc😀\": 4, \"fifth_field\": 5}"); + + // when + RecordWithExplicitFieldNames object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithExplicitFieldNames.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.firstField()).isEqualTo(1); + assertThat(object.secondField()).isEqualTo(2); + assertThat(object.thirdField()).isEqualTo(3); + assertThat(object.fourthField()).isEqualTo(4); + assertThat(object.fifthField()).isEqualTo(5); + } + + @Test + public void classWithExplicitFieldNames() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"ąćśńźż\": 1, \"\\u20A9\\u0E3F\": 2, \"αβγ\": 3, \"😀abc😀\": 4, \"fifth_field\": 5}"); + + // when + StaticClassWithExplicitFieldNames object = parser.parse(json, json.length, StaticClassWithExplicitFieldNames.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.getFirstField()).isEqualTo(1); + assertThat(object.getSecondField()).isEqualTo(2); + assertThat(object.getThirdField()).isEqualTo(3); + assertThat(object.getFourthField()).isEqualTo(4); + assertThat(object.getFifthField()).isEqualTo(5); + } + + @Test + public void recordWithImplicitAndExplicitFieldNames() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"implicitField\": \"abc\", \"explicit_field\": \"def\"}"); + + // when + RecordWithImplicitAndExplicitFieldNames object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithImplicitAndExplicitFieldNames.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.implicitField()).isEqualTo("abc"); + assertThat(object.explicitField()).isEqualTo("def"); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {StaticClassWithImplicitAndExplicitFieldNames.class, StaticClassWithImplicitFieldNames.class}) + public void classWithImplicitFieldNames(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"firstField\": \"abc\", \"second_field\": \"def\"}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Some of " + expectedType.getName() + "'s constructor arguments are not annotated with @JsonFieldName."); + } + + @Test + public void nonStaticInnerClassesAreUnsupported() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": \"abc\"}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, NonStaticInnerClass.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unsupported class: " + NonStaticInnerClass.class.getName() + ". Inner non-static classes are not supported."); + } + + @Test + public void fieldNamesWithEscapes() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"\\\"abc\\\\\": 1}"); + + // when + RecordWithEscapedFieldName jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithEscapedFieldName.class); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue.firstField()).isEqualTo(1); + } + + @Test + public void fieldExistsInJsonButDoesNotExistInRecord() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"first\": 1, \"field\": 2, \"second\": 3}"); + + // when + RecordWithIntegerField jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerField.class); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue.field()).isEqualTo(2); + } + + @Test + public void fieldDoesNotExistInJsonButExistsInRecord() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"first\": 1, \"second\": 3}"); + + // when + RecordWithIntegerField jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerField.class); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue.field()).isNull(); + } + + @Test + public void primitiveFieldDoesNotExistInJsonButExistsInRecord() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"first\": 1, \"second\": 3}"); + + // when + IllegalArgumentException ex = assertThrows( + IllegalArgumentException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasCauseExactlyInstanceOf(NullPointerException.class); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {NestedRecordWithStringField.class, NestedStaticClassWithStringField.class}) + public void objectWithEmptyObjectField(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"nestedField\": {}}"); + + // when + Object object = parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType); + + // then + assertThat(object).isNotNull(); + assertThat(object).hasNoNullFieldsOrProperties(); + assertThat(object).extracting("nestedField").hasFieldOrPropertyWithValue("field", null); + } + + @Test + public void objectWithObjectFieldToRecord() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"nestedField\": {\"field\": \"abc\"}}"); + + // when + NestedRecordWithStringField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, NestedRecordWithStringField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object).isNotNull(); + assertThat(object.nestedField()).isNotNull(); + assertThat(object.nestedField().field()).isEqualTo("abc"); + } + + @Test + public void mismatchedTypeAtRootWhenObjectIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"{}\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Expected '{' but got: '\"'."); + } + + @Test + public void mismatchedTypeAtObjectFieldWhenObjectIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"nestedField\": true}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, NestedRecordWithStringField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Expected '{' but got: 't'."); + } + + @Test + public void invalidButParsableJson() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": 1, : 2}"); + + // when + RecordWithIntegerField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).isEqualTo(1); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"invalid\", \"field\": 1}", value = "Expected ':' but got: ','."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": 1, \"invalid\"}", value = "More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!") + }) + public void fieldWithoutValue(String jsonStr, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"invalid\" 2, \"field\": 1}", value = "Expected ':' but got: '2'."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": 1, \"invalid\" 2}", value = "More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!") + }) + public void missingColon(String jsonStr, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = { + "{\"invalid\": 2 \"field\": 1}", + "{\"field\": 1 \"invalid\" 2}", + }) + public void missingComma(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Expected ',' but got: '\"'."); + } + + @Test + public void fieldWithoutName() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{: 2, \"field\": 1}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Expected '\"' but got: ':'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\\null", "1", "true", "false", "[]", "{}"}) + public void invalidTypeOfFieldName(String fieldName) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{" + fieldName + ": 1}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Expected '\"' but got: '" + fieldName.charAt(0) + "'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"{\"field\": 1", "{\"field\":", "{\"field\"", "{", "{\"ignore\": {\"field\": 1", "{\"field\": 1,",}) + public void unclosedObject(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex).hasMessage("Unclosed object. Missing '}' for starting '{'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = RecordWithIntegerField[].class, nulls = true) + public void arrayOfObjectsAtRoot(String jsonStr, RecordWithIntegerField[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + RecordWithIntegerField[] array = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerField[].class); + + // then + assertThat(array).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = RecordWithIntegerField[].class, nulls = true) + public void arrayOfObjectsAtObjectField(String jsonStr, RecordWithIntegerField[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + ArrayOfRecordsWithIntegerField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, ArrayOfRecordsWithIntegerField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = RecordWithIntegerField[].class, nulls = true) + public void listOfObjectsAtObjectField(String jsonStr, RecordWithIntegerField[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + ListOfRecordsWithIntegerField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, ListOfRecordsWithIntegerField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{},", value = "Unclosed object. Missing '}' for starting '{'."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": 1},", value = "Unclosed object. Missing '}' for starting '{'."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": 1}[]", value = "Unclosed object. Missing '}' for starting '{'."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": 1}{}", value = "More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "{\"field\": 1}1", value = "Unclosed object. Missing '}' for starting '{'."), + @MapEntry(stringKey = "null,", value = "More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!") + }) + public void moreValuesThanOneObjectAtRoot(String jsonStr, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerField.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @Test + public void classWithMultipleConstructors() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": 1, \"field2\": 2}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, ClassWithMultipleConstructors.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Class: " + ClassWithMultipleConstructors.class.getName() + " has more than one constructor."); + } + + @Test + public void recordWithMultipleConstructors() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": 1, \"field2\": 2}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithMultipleConstructors.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Class: " + RecordWithMultipleConstructors.class.getName() + " has more than one constructor."); + } + + @Test + public void missingObjectField() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"intField\": 1}"); + + // when + NestedRecordWithStringField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, NestedRecordWithStringField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.nestedField()).isNull(); + } + + @Test + public void objectInstantiationFailure() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": 1}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, ClassWithFailingConstructor.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Failed to construct an instance of " + ClassWithFailingConstructor.class.getName()) + .hasCauseExactlyInstanceOf(InvocationTargetException.class); + } + + @Test + public void emptyJson() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithIntegerField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("No structural element found."); + } + + @Test + public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("null")); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, 3, RecordWithIntegerField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected 'null'."); + } + + @Test + public void genericClassesOtherThanListAreNotSupported() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": {\"field\": 123}}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithGenericField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Parametrized types other than java.util.List are not supported."); + } + + @Test + public void listsWithoutElementTypeAreNotSupported() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": [1, 2, 3]}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithListWithoutElementType.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Undefined list element type."); + } + + private record RecordWithExplicitFieldNames(@JsonFieldName("ąćśńźż") long firstField, + @JsonFieldName("\u20A9\u0E3F") long secondField, + @JsonFieldName("αβγ") long thirdField, + @JsonFieldName("😀abc😀") long fourthField, + @JsonFieldName("fifth_field") long fifthField) { + } + + private static class StaticClassWithExplicitFieldNames { + + private final long firstField; + private final long secondField; + private final long thirdField; + private final long fourthField; + private final long fifthField; + + private StaticClassWithExplicitFieldNames(@JsonFieldName("ąćśńźż") long firstField, + @JsonFieldName("\u20A9\u0E3F") long secondField, + @JsonFieldName("αβγ") long thirdField, + @JsonFieldName("😀abc😀") long fourthField, + @JsonFieldName("fifth_field") long fifthField) { + this.firstField = firstField; + this.secondField = secondField; + this.thirdField = thirdField; + this.fourthField = fourthField; + this.fifthField = fifthField; + } + + public long getFirstField() { + return firstField; + } + + public long getSecondField() { + return secondField; + } + + public long getThirdField() { + return thirdField; + } + + public long getFourthField() { + return fourthField; + } + + public long getFifthField() { + return fifthField; + } + } + + private record RecordWithImplicitAndExplicitFieldNames(String implicitField, + @JsonFieldName("explicit_field") String explicitField) { + } + + private static class StaticClassWithImplicitAndExplicitFieldNames { + + private final String firstField; + private final String secondField; + + StaticClassWithImplicitAndExplicitFieldNames(String firstField, @JsonFieldName("second_field") String secondField) { + this.firstField = firstField; + this.secondField = secondField; + } + + String getFirstField() { + return firstField; + } + + String getSecondField() { + return secondField; + } + } + + private static class StaticClassWithImplicitFieldNames { + + private final String firstField; + private final String secondField; + + StaticClassWithImplicitFieldNames(String firstField, String secondField) { + this.firstField = firstField; + this.secondField = secondField; + } + + String getFirstField() { + return firstField; + } + + String getSecondField() { + return secondField; + } + } + + private record RecordWithEscapedFieldName(@JsonFieldName("\"abc\\") long firstField) { + } + + private record NestedRecordWithStringField(RecordWithStringField nestedField) { + + } + + private static class NestedStaticClassWithStringField { + + private final ClassWithStringField nestedField; + + NestedStaticClassWithStringField(@JsonFieldName("nestedField") ClassWithStringField nestedField) { + this.nestedField = nestedField; + } + + ClassWithStringField getNestedField() { + return nestedField; + } + } + + private record ArrayOfRecordsWithIntegerField(RecordWithIntegerField[] field) { + + } + + private record ListOfRecordsWithIntegerField(List field) { + + } + + private static class ClassWithMultipleConstructors { + + private final int field; + private final int field2; + + ClassWithMultipleConstructors(@JsonFieldName("field") int field) { + this.field = field; + this.field2 = 0; + } + + ClassWithMultipleConstructors(@JsonFieldName("field") int field, @JsonFieldName("field2") int field2) { + this.field = field; + this.field2 = field2; + } + } + + private record RecordWithMultipleConstructors(int field, int field2) { + + RecordWithMultipleConstructors(int field) { + this(field, 0); + } + } + + private static class ClassWithFailingConstructor { + + ClassWithFailingConstructor(@JsonFieldName("field") int field) { + throw new RuntimeException(); + } + } + + private class NonStaticInnerClass { + + private final String field; + + NonStaticInnerClass(@JsonFieldName("field") String field) { + this.field = field; + } + + String getField() { + return field; + } + } + + private record RecordWithGenericField(GenericRecord field) { + + } + + private record GenericRecord(T field) { + + } + + private record RecordWithListWithoutElementType(List field) { + + } + + private static class ClassWithoutExplicitConstructor { + + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParserTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParserTest.java deleted file mode 100644 index 3c16218..0000000 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParserTest.java +++ /dev/null @@ -1,323 +0,0 @@ -package org.simdjson; - -import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; -import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; -import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; - -import java.io.IOException; -import java.util.Iterator; - -import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; -import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.fail; -import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; -import static org.simdjson.JsonValueAssert.assertThat; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.loadTestFile; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; - -public class SimdJsonParserTest { - - @Test - public void testEmptyArray() { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8("[]"); - - // when - JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - - // then - assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); - Iterator it = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); - while (it.hasNext()) { - fail("Unexpected value"); - it.next(); - } - } - - @Test - public void testArrayIterator() { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8("[1, 2, 3]"); - - // when - JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - - // then - assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); - int[] expectedValues = new int[]{1, 2, 3}; - int counter = 0; - Iterator it = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); - while (it.hasNext()) { - JsonValue element = it.next(); - assertThat(element.isLong()).isTrue(); - assertThat(element.asLong()).isEqualTo(expectedValues[counter]); - counter++; - } - assertThat(counter).isEqualTo(expectedValues.length); - } - - @Test - public void testBooleanValues() { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8("[true, false]"); - - // when - JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - - // then - assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); - Iterator it = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); - assertThat(it.hasNext()).isTrue(); - assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo(true); - assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo(false); - assertThat(it.hasNext()).isFalse(); - } - - @ParameterizedTest - @ValueSource(booleans = {true, false}) - public void testBooleanValuesAsRoot(boolean booleanVal) { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(Boolean.toString(booleanVal)); - - // when - JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - - // then - assertThat(jsonValue).isEqualTo(booleanVal); - } - - @Test - public void testNullValue() { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8("[null]"); - - // when - JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - - // then - assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); - Iterator it = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); - assertThat(it.hasNext()).isTrue(); - JsonValue element = it.next(); - assertThat(element.isNull()).isTrue(); - assertThat(it.hasNext()).isFalse(); - } - - @Test - public void testNullValueAsRoot() { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); - - // when - JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - - // then - assertThat(jsonValue.isNull()).isTrue(); - } - - @Test - public void testStringValues() { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8("[\"abc\", \"ab\\\\c\"]"); - - // when - JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - - // then - assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); - Iterator it = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); - assertThat(it.hasNext()).isTrue(); - assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo("abc"); - assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo("ab\\c"); - assertThat(it.hasNext()).isFalse(); - } - - @ParameterizedTest - @ValueSource(strings = {"abc", "ą"}) - public void testStringValuesAsRoot(String jsonStr) { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + jsonStr + "\""); - - // when - JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - - // then - assertThat(jsonValue).isEqualTo(jsonStr); - } - - @Test - public void testNumericValues() { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8("[0, 1, -1, 1.1]"); - - // when - JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - - // then - assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); - Iterator it = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); - assertThat(it.hasNext()).isTrue(); - assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo(0); - assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo(1); - assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo(-1); - assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo(1.1); - assertThat(it.hasNext()).isFalse(); - } - - @ParameterizedTest - @ValueSource(strings = {"0", "1", "-1"}) - public void testLongValuesAsRoot(String longStr) { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(longStr); - - // when - JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - - // then - assertThat(jsonValue).isEqualTo(Long.parseLong(longStr)); - } - - @ParameterizedTest - @ValueSource(strings = {"1.1", "-1.1", "1e1", "1E1", "-1e1", "-1E1", "1e-1", "1E-1", "1.1e1", "1.1E1"}) - public void testDoubleValuesAsRoot(String doubleStr) { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(doubleStr); - - // when - JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - - // then - assertThat(jsonValue).isEqualTo(Double.parseDouble(doubleStr)); - } - - @ParameterizedTest - @ValueSource(strings = {"true,", "false,", "null,", "1,", "\"abc\",", "1.1,"}) - public void testInvalidPrimitivesAsRoot(String jsonStr) { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); - - // when - JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); - - // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()) - .isEqualTo("More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"); - } - - @ParameterizedTest - @ValueSource(strings = {"[n]", "{\"a\":n}"}) - public void testInvalidNull(String jsonStr) { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); - - // when - JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); - - // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Invalid value starting at " + jsonStr.indexOf('n') + ". Expected 'null'."); - } - - @ParameterizedTest - @ValueSource(strings = {"[f]", "{\"a\":f}"}) - public void testInvalidFalse(String jsonStr) { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); - - // when - JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); - - // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Invalid value starting at " + jsonStr.indexOf('f') + ". Expected 'false'."); - } - - @ParameterizedTest - @ValueSource(strings = {"[t]", "{\"a\":t}"}) - public void testInvalidTrue(String jsonStr) { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); - - // when - JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); - - // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Invalid value starting at " + jsonStr.indexOf('t') + ". Expected 'true'."); - } - - @Test - public void testArraySize() { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8("[1, 2, 3]"); - - // when - JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - - // then - assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); - assertThat(jsonValue.getSize()).isEqualTo(3); - } - - @Test - public void testLargeArraySize() { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - int realArraySize = 0xFFFFFF + 1; - byte[] json = new byte[realArraySize * 2 - 1 + 2]; - json[0] = '['; - int i = 0; - while (i < realArraySize) { - json[i * 2 + 1] = (byte) '0'; - json[i * 2 + 2] = (byte) ','; - i++; - } - json[json.length - 1] = ']'; - - // when - JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - - // then - assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); - assertThat(jsonValue.getSize()).isEqualTo(0xFFFFFF); - } - - @Test - public void issue26DeepBench() throws IOException { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = loadTestFile("/deep_bench.json"); - - // when - JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - - // then - assertThat(jsonValue.isObject()).isTrue(); - } - - @ParameterizedTest - @ValueSource(strings = {"/wide_bench.json", "/deep_bench.json"}) - public void issue26(String file) throws IOException { - // given - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = loadTestFile(file); - - // when - JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); - - // then - assertThat(jsonValue.isObject()).isTrue(); - } -} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringParsingTest.java index a61572e..580a5a7 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringParsingTest.java @@ -3,40 +3,70 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; +import org.simdjson.testutils.RandomStringSource; +import org.simdjson.testutils.StringTestData; +import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; -import static java.lang.Character.MAX_CODE_POINT; -import static java.lang.Character.isBmpCodePoint; -import static java.lang.Character.lowSurrogate; -import static java.util.stream.IntStream.rangeClosed; import static org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava; -import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; -import static org.simdjson.JsonValueAssert.assertThat; +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.loadTestFile; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.SimdJsonAssertions.assertThat; public class StringParsingTest { + @ParameterizedTest + @RandomStringSource + public void stringAtRoot(String jsonStr, String expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + jsonStr + "\""); + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue).isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\"abc\",", "\"abc\"def"}) + public void moreValuesThanOneStringAtRoot(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"); + } + @Test public void usableUnicodeCharacters() { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - List unicodeCharacters = rangeClosed(0, MAX_CODE_POINT) - .filter(Character::isDefined) - .filter(codePoint -> !isReservedCodePoint(codePoint)) - .mapToObj(StringParsingTest::toUnicodeEscape) - .toList(); + List characters = StringTestData.usableEscapedUnicodeCharacters(); - for (String input : unicodeCharacters) { - byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + input + "\""); + for (String character : characters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + character + "\""); - // when - JsonValue value = parser.parse(json, json.length); + // when + JsonValue value = parser.parse(json, json.length); - // then - assertThat(value).isEqualTo(unescapeJava(input)); + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(unescapeJava(character)); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + character, e); + } } } @@ -44,33 +74,37 @@ public void usableUnicodeCharacters() { public void unicodeCharactersReservedForLowSurrogate() { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - List unicodeCharacters = rangeClosed(0xDC00, 0xDFFF) - .mapToObj(StringParsingTest::toUnicodeEscape) - .toList(); + List unicodeCharacters = StringTestData.escapedLowSurrogates(); - for (String input : unicodeCharacters) { - byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + input + "\""); + for (String character : unicodeCharacters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + character + "\""); - // when - JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); - // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Invalid code point. The range U+DC00–U+DFFF is reserved for low surrogate."); + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid code point. The range U+DC00–U+DFFF is reserved for low surrogate."); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + character, e); + } } } @ParameterizedTest - @ValueSource(strings = {"\\uD8001", "\\uD800\\1", "\\uD800u", "\\uD800\\e", "\\uD800\\DC00"}) - public void invalidLowSurrogateEscape(String input) { + @ValueSource(strings = {"\\uD8001", "\\uD800\\1", "\\uD800u", "\\uD800\\e", "\\uD800\\DC00", "\\uD800"}) + public void invalidLowSurrogateEscape(String invalidCharacter) { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + input + "\""); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + invalidCharacter + "\""); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Low surrogate should start with '\\u'"); + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Low surrogate should start with '\\u'"); } @ParameterizedTest @@ -84,55 +118,60 @@ public void missingLowSurrogate(String input) { JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Invalid code point. Low surrogate should be in the range U+DC00–U+DFFF."); + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid code point. Low surrogate should be in the range U+DC00–U+DFFF."); } @Test public void invalidLowSurrogateRange() { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - List unicodeCharacters = rangeClosed(0x0000, 0xFFFF) - .filter(lowSurrogate -> lowSurrogate < 0xDC00 || lowSurrogate > 0xDFFF) - .mapToObj(lowSurrogate -> String.format("\\uD800\\u%04X", lowSurrogate)) - .toList(); + List unicodeCharacters = StringTestData.escapedUnicodeCharactersWithInvalidLowSurrogate(); - for (String input : unicodeCharacters) { - byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + input + "\""); + for (String character : unicodeCharacters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + character + "\""); - // when - JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); - // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Invalid code point. Low surrogate should be in the range U+DC00–U+DFFF."); + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid code point. Low surrogate should be in the range U+DC00–U+DFFF."); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + character, e); + } } } @ParameterizedTest @ValueSource(strings = {"\\u", "\\u1", "\\u12", "\\u123"}) - public void invalidUnicode(String input) { + public void invalidUnicode(String invalidCharacter) { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + input + "\""); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + invalidCharacter + "\""); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Invalid unicode escape sequence."); + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid unicode escape sequence."); } @ParameterizedTest @ValueSource(strings = {"\\g", "\\ą"}) - public void invalidEscape(String jsonStr) { + public void invalidEscape(String invalidCharacter) { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8("[\"" + jsonStr + "\"]"); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[\"" + invalidCharacter + "\"]"); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); // then - assertThat(ex.getMessage()).startsWith("Escaped unexpected character: "); + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessageStartingWith("Escaped unexpected character: "); } @Test @@ -152,16 +191,86 @@ public void longString() { assertThat(it.hasNext()).isFalse(); } - private static String toUnicodeEscape(int codePoint) { - if (isBmpCodePoint(codePoint)) { - return String.format("\\u%04X", codePoint); - } else { - return String.format("\\u%04X\\u%04X", - (int) Character.highSurrogate(codePoint), (int) lowSurrogate(codePoint)); + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"/wide_bench.json", "/deep_bench.json"}) + public void issue26(String file) throws IOException { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = loadTestFile(file); + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue.isObject()).isTrue(); + } + + @Test + public void unescapedControlCharacterAsString() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List characters = StringTestData.unescapedControlCharacters(); + + for (String character : characters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + character + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unescaped characters. Within strings, there are characters that should be escaped."); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + character, e); + } } } - private static boolean isReservedCodePoint(int codePoint) { - return codePoint >= 0xD800 && codePoint <= 0xDFFF; + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\"", "\\"}) + public void unescapedSpecialStringCharacterAsString(String character) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + character + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessageStartingWith("Unclosed string. A string is opened, but never closed."); + } + + @Test + public void arrayOfStrings() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[\"abc\", \"ab\\\\c\"]"); + + // when + JsonValue jsonValue = parser.parse(json, json.length); + + // then + assertThat(jsonValue.isArray()).isTrue(); + Iterator it = jsonValue.arrayIterator(); + assertThat(it.hasNext()).isTrue(); + assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo("abc"); + assertThat(it.next()).isEqualTo("ab\\c"); + assertThat(it.hasNext()).isFalse(); + } + + @Test + public void passedLengthSmallerThanStringLength() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("\"aaaaa\"")); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 6)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unclosed string. A string is opened, but never closed."); } } diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringSchemaBasedParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringSchemaBasedParsingTest.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..52ebcb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringSchemaBasedParsingTest.java @@ -0,0 +1,1357 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithBooleanField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithCharacterArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithCharacterField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithCharacterListField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithIntegerField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithStringArrayField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithStringField; +import org.simdjson.schemas.RecordWithStringListField; +import org.simdjson.testutils.MapEntry; +import org.simdjson.testutils.MapSource; +import org.simdjson.testutils.RandomStringSource; +import org.simdjson.testutils.SchemaBasedRandomValueSource; +import org.simdjson.testutils.StringTestData; + +import java.util.List; + +import static org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava; +import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; +import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; + +public class StringSchemaBasedParsingTest { + + @Test + public void emptyStringAtRoot() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"\""); + + // when + String string = parser.parse(json, json.length, String.class); + + // then + assertThat(string).isEqualTo(""); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @RandomStringSource + public void stringAtRoot(String jsonStr, String expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + jsonStr + "\""); + + // when + String string = parser.parse(json, json.length, String.class); + + // then + assertThat(string).isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"true", "false", "1"}) + public void typeOtherThanStringAtRoot(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, String.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected either string or 'null'."); + } + + @Test + public void nullAtRootWhenStringIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); + + // when + String string = parser.parse(json, json.length, String.class); + + // then + assertThat(string).isNull(); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = Integer.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = char.class, value = "String cannot be deserialized to a char. Expected a single-character string."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Character.class, value = "String cannot be deserialized to a char. Expected a single-character string."), + @MapEntry(classKey = int.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Boolean.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForStringAsRoot(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"abc\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\"abc\",", "\"abc\"def"}) + public void moreValuesThanOneStringAtRoot(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, String.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"); + } + + @Test + public void emptyStringAtObjectField() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": \"\"}"); + + // when + RecordWithStringField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithStringField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).isEqualTo(""); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @RandomStringSource + public void stringAtObjectField(String jsonStr, String expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": \"" + jsonStr + "\"}"); + + // when + RecordWithStringField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithStringField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @Test + public void nullAtObjectFieldWhenStringIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": null}"); + + // when + RecordWithStringField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithStringField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).isNull(); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"true", "false", "1"}) + public void typeOtherThanStringAtObjectField(String value) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + value + "}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithStringField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 10. Expected either string or 'null'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField.class, value = "String cannot be deserialized to a char. Expected a single-character string."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithCharacterField.class, value = "String cannot be deserialized to a char. Expected a single-character string."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithBooleanField.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForStringAtObjectField(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": \"abc\"}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @Test + public void usableUnicodeCharactersAsString() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List characters = StringTestData.usableEscapedUnicodeCharacters(); + + for (String character : characters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + character + "\""); + + // when + String value = parser.parse(json, json.length, String.class); + + // then + assertThat(value).isEqualTo(unescapeJava(character)); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + character, e); + } + } + } + + @Test + public void unicodeCharactersReservedForLowSurrogateAsString() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List codePoints = StringTestData.escapedLowSurrogates(); + + for (String codePoint : codePoints) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + codePoint + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid code point. The range U+DC00–U+DFFF is reserved for low surrogate."); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for code point: " + codePoint, e); + } + } + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @RandomStringSource(maxChars = 1) + public void characterAtRoot(String jsonStr, Character expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + jsonStr + "\""); + + // when + Character character = parser.parse(json, json.length, Character.class); + + // then + assertThat(character) + .isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @RandomStringSource(maxChars = 1) + public void primitiveCharAtRoot(String jsonStr, char expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + jsonStr + "\""); + + // when + char character = parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class); + + // then + assertThat(character) + .isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @Test + public void nullAtRootWhenCharacterIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); + + // when + Character character = parser.parse(json, json.length, Character.class); + + // then + assertThat(character).isNull(); + } + + @Test + public void nullAtRootWhenPrimitiveCharacterIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected string."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"true", "false", "1"}) + public void typeOtherThanCharacterAtRoot(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, Character.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected either string or 'null'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"true", "false", "1"}) + public void typeOtherThanPrimitiveCharacterAtRoot(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected string."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @RandomStringSource(maxChars = 1) + public void characterAtObjectField(String jsonStr, Character expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": \"" + jsonStr + "\"}"); + + // when + RecordWithCharacterField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithCharacterField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()) + .isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @Test + public void nullAtObjectFieldWhenCharacterIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": null}"); + + // when + RecordWithCharacterField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithCharacterField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).isNull(); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @RandomStringSource(maxChars = 1) + public void primitiveCharAtObjectField(String jsonStr, char expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": \"" + jsonStr + "\"}"); + + // when + RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()) + .isEqualTo(expected); + } + + @Test + public void nullAtObjectFieldWhenPrimitiveCharacterIsExpected() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": null}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 10. Expected string."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"true", "false", "1"}) + public void typeOtherThanCharacterAtObjectField(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithCharacterField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 10. Expected either string or 'null'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"true", "false", "1"}) + public void typeOtherThanPrimitiveCharacterAtObjectField(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 10. Expected string."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"a\"", "\"a"}) + public void missingQuotationMarkForCharacter(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, Character.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unclosed string. A string is opened, but never closed."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"a\"", "\"a"}) + public void missingQuotationMarkForPrimitiveCharacter(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unclosed string. A string is opened, but never closed."); + } + + @Test + public void missingQuotationMarksForCharacterAtRoot() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("a"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, Character.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected either string or 'null'."); + } + + @Test + public void missingQuotationMarksForPrimitiveCharacterAtRoot() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("a"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected string."); + } + + @Test + public void missingQuotationMarksForCharacterAtObjectField() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": a}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithCharacterField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 10. Expected either string or 'null'."); + } + + @Test + public void missingQuotationMarksForPrimitiveCharacterAtObjectField() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": a}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 10. Expected string."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\"ab\"", "\"\\u0024\\u0023\""}) + public void stringLongerThanOneCharacterWhenCharacterIsExpected(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, Character.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("String cannot be deserialized to a char. Expected a single-character string."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\"ab\"", "\"\\u0024\\u0023\""}) + public void stringLongerThanOneCharacterWhenPrimitiveCharacterIsExpected(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("String cannot be deserialized to a char. Expected a single-character string."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\\\"", "\\\\", "\\/", "\\b", "\\f", "\\n", "\\r", "\\t"}) + public void twoCharacterEscapeSequenceAsPrimitiveCharacter(String expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + expected + "\""); + + // when + char character = parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class); + + // then + assertThat(character).isEqualTo(unescapeJava(expected).charAt(0)); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\\\"", "\\\\", "\\/", "\\b", "\\f", "\\n", "\\r", "\\t"}) + public void twoCharacterEscapeSequenceAsCharacter(String expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + expected + "\""); + + // when + Character character = parser.parse(json, json.length, Character.class); + + // then + assertThat(character).isEqualTo(unescapeJava(expected).charAt(0)); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {Character.class, char.class}) + public void restrictedEscapedSingleCodeUnit(Class expectedClass) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List characters = StringTestData.reservedEscapedSingleCodeUnitCharacters(); + + for (String expected : characters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + expected + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedClass)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid code point. Should be within the range U+0000–U+D777 or U+E000–U+FFFF."); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + expected, e); + } + } + } + + @Test + public void usableEscapedSingleCodeUnitAsPrimitiveCharacter() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List characters = StringTestData.usableEscapedSingleCodeUnitCharacters(); + + for (String expected : characters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + expected + "\""); + + // when + char character = parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class); + + // then + assertThat(character).isEqualTo(unescapeJava(expected).charAt(0)); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + expected, e); + } + } + } + + @Test + public void usableEscapedSingleCodeUnitAsCharacter() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List characters = StringTestData.usableEscapedSingleCodeUnitCharacters(); + + for (String expected : characters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + expected + "\""); + + // when + Character character = parser.parse(json, json.length, Character.class); + + // then + assertThat(character).isEqualTo(unescapeJava(expected).charAt(0)); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + expected, e); + } + } + } + + @Test + public void usableSingleCodeUnitAsCharacter() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List characters = StringTestData.usableSingleCodeUnitCharacters(); + + for (String expected : characters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + expected + "\""); + + // when + Character character = parser.parse(json, json.length, Character.class); + + // then + assertThat(character).isEqualTo(expected.charAt(0)); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + expected, e); + } + } + } + + @Test + public void usableSingleCodeUnitAsPrimitiveCharacter() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List characters = StringTestData.usableSingleCodeUnitCharacters(); + + for (String expected : characters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + expected + "\""); + + // when + char character = parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class); + + // then + assertThat(character).isEqualTo(expected.charAt(0)); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + expected, e); + } + } + } + + @Test + public void usableTwoCodeUnitsAsPrimitiveCharacter() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List characters = StringTestData.usableTwoCodeUnitsCharacters(); + + for (String expected : characters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + expected + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("String cannot be deserialized to a char. Expected a single 16-bit code unit character."); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + expected, e); + } + } + } + + @Test + public void usableTwoCodeUnitsAsCharacter() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List characters = StringTestData.usableTwoCodeUnitsCharacters(); + + for (String expected : characters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + expected + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, Character.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("String cannot be deserialized to a char. Expected a single 16-bit code unit character."); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + expected, e); + } + } + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\"a\",", "\"a\"b"}) + public void moreValuesThanOnePrimitiveCharacterAtRoot(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\"a\",", "\"a\"b"}) + public void moreValuesThanOneCharacterAtRoot(String jsonStr) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, Character.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("More than one JSON value at the root of the document, or extra characters at the end of the JSON!"); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\\uD8001", "\\uD800\\1", "\\uD800u", "\\uD800\\e", "\\uD800\\DC00", "\\uD800"}) + public void invalidLowSurrogateEscape(String input) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + input + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, String.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Low surrogate should start with '\\u'"); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\\uD800\\u"}) + public void missingLowSurrogate(String input) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + input + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, String.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid code point. Low surrogate should be in the range U+DC00–U+DFFF."); + } + + @Test + public void invalidLowSurrogateRange() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List unicodeCharacters = StringTestData.escapedUnicodeCharactersWithInvalidLowSurrogate(); + + for (String character : unicodeCharacters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + character + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, String.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid code point. Low surrogate should be in the range U+DC00–U+DFFF."); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + character, e); + } + } + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\\u", "\\u1", "\\u12", "\\u123"}) + public void invalidUnicodeAsString(String invalidCharacter) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + invalidCharacter + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, String.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid unicode escape sequence."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\\u", "\\u1", "\\u12", "\\u123"}) + public void invalidUnicodeAsPrimitiveCharacter(String invalidCharacter) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + invalidCharacter + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid unicode escape sequence."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\\u", "\\u1", "\\u12", "\\u123"}) + public void invalidUnicodeAsCharacter(String invalidCharacter) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + invalidCharacter + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, Character.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid unicode escape sequence."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\\g", "\\ą"}) + public void invalidEscapeAsString(String escapedCharacter) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + escapedCharacter + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, String.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex).hasMessageStartingWith("Escaped unexpected character: "); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\\g", "\\ą"}) + public void invalidEscapeAsPrimitiveCharacter(String escapedCharacter) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + escapedCharacter + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessageStartingWith("Escaped unexpected character: "); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\\g", "\\ą"}) + public void invalidEscapeAsCharacter(String escapedCharacter) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + escapedCharacter + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessageStartingWith("Escaped unexpected character: "); + } + + @Test + public void unescapedControlCharacterAsString() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List characters = StringTestData.unescapedControlCharacters(); + + for (String character : characters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + character + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, String.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unescaped characters. Within strings, there are characters that should be escaped."); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + character, e); + } + } + } + + @Test + public void unescapedControlCharacterAsPrimitiveCharacter() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List characters = StringTestData.unescapedControlCharacters(); + + for (String character : characters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + character + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unescaped characters. Within strings, there are characters that should be escaped."); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + character, e); + } + } + } + + @Test + public void unescapedControlCharacterAsCharacter() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List characters = StringTestData.unescapedControlCharacters(); + + for (String character : characters) { + try { + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + character + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, Character.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unescaped characters. Within strings, there are characters that should be escaped."); + } catch (Throwable e) { + fail("Failed for character: " + character, e); + } + } + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\"", "\\"}) + public void unescapedSpecialStringCharacterAsString(String character) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + character + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, String.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessageStartingWith("Unclosed string. A string is opened, but never closed."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\"", "\\"}) + public void unescapedSpecialStringCharacterAsPrimitiveCharacter(String character) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + character + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, char.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessageStartingWith("Unclosed string. A string is opened, but never closed."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = {"\"", "\\"}) + public void unescapedSpecialStringCharacterAsCharacter(String character) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"" + character + "\""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, Character.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessageStartingWith("Unclosed string. A string is opened, but never closed."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = String[].class, nulls = false) + public void arrayOfStringsAtRoot(String jsonStr, String[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + String[] array = parser.parse(json, json.length, String[].class); + + // then + assertThat(array).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = String[].class, nulls = true) + public void arrayOfStringsAndNullsAtRoot(String jsonStr, String[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + String[] array = parser.parse(json, json.length, String[].class); + + // then + assertThat(array).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @Test + public void arrayOfStringsMixedWithOtherTypesAtRoot() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[\"abc\", \"ab\\\\c\", 1]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, String[].class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 17. Expected either string or 'null'."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = String[].class, nulls = false) + public void objectWithArrayOfStrings(String jsonStr, String[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + RecordWithStringArrayField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithStringArrayField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = String[].class, nulls = false) + public void objectWithListOfStrings(String jsonStr, String[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + RecordWithStringListField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithStringListField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = String[].class, nulls = true) + public void objectWithListOfStringsAndNulls(String jsonStr, String[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + RecordWithStringListField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithStringListField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = Character[].class, nulls = false) + public void arrayOfCharactersAtRoot(String jsonStr, Character[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Character[] array = parser.parse(json, json.length, Character[].class); + + // then + assertThat(array).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = char[].class, nulls = false) + public void arrayOfPrimitiveCharactersAtRoot(String jsonStr, char[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + char[] array = parser.parse(json, json.length, char[].class); + + // then + assertThat(array).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = Character[].class, nulls = true) + public void arrayOfCharsAndNullsAtRoot(String jsonStr, Character[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(jsonStr); + + // when + Character[] array = parser.parse(json, json.length, Character[].class); + + // then + assertThat(array).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @Test + public void arrayOfPrimitiveCharactersAndNullsAtRoot() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[\"a\", \"b\", null]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, char[].class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 11. Expected string."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = char[].class, value = "Invalid value starting at 11. Expected string."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Character[].class, value = "Invalid value starting at 11. Expected either string or 'null'.") + }) + public void arrayOfCharactersMixedWithOtherTypesAtRoot(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[\"a\", \"b\", 1]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = Character[].class, nulls = false) + public void objectWithArrayOfCharacters(String jsonStr, Character[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + RecordWithCharacterArrayField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithCharacterArrayField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = char[].class, nulls = false) + public void objectWithArrayOfPrimitiveCharacters(String jsonStr, char[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterArrayField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterArrayField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = Character[].class, nulls = false) + public void objectWithListOfCharacters(String jsonStr, Character[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + RecordWithCharacterListField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithCharacterListField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @SchemaBasedRandomValueSource(schemas = Character[].class, nulls = true) + public void objectWithListOfCharactersAndNulls(String jsonStr, Character[] expected) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": " + jsonStr + "}"); + + // when + RecordWithCharacterListField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithCharacterListField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).containsExactly(expected); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = int[].class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = String.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 0. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = int.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = boolean.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true' or 'false'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = Boolean.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true', 'false' or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = String[][].class, value = "Expected '[' but got: '\"'.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForArrayOfStringsAtRoot(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("[\"abc\", \"ab\\\\c\"]"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @MapSource({ + @MapEntry(classKey = int[].class, value = "Expected '[' but got: '{'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = String.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 0. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithIntegerField.class, value = "Invalid number. Minus has to be followed by a digit."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField.class, value = "Unrecognized boolean value. Expected: 'true' or 'false'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = RecordWithStringField.class, value = "Invalid value starting at 10. Expected either string or 'null'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = String[].class, value = "Expected '[' but got: '{'."), + @MapEntry(classKey = String[][].class, value = "Expected '[' but got: '{'.") + }) + public void mismatchedTypeForArrayOfStringsAtObjectField(Class expectedType, String errorMessage) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"field\": [\"abc\", \"ab\\\\c\"]}"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage(errorMessage); + } + + @Test + public void missingStringField() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"intField\": 1}"); + + // when + RecordWithStringField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithStringField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).isNull(); + } + + @Test + public void missingCharacterField() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"intField\": 1}"); + + // when + RecordWithCharacterField object = parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithCharacterField.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.field()).isNull(); + } + + @Test + public void missingPrimitiveCharacterField() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"intField\": 1}"); + + // when + IllegalArgumentException ex = assertThrows( + IllegalArgumentException.class, + () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField.class) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex.getCause()).isInstanceOf(NullPointerException.class); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {char.class, Character.class, String.class}) + public void emptyJson(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(""); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, json.length, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("No structural element found."); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(classes = {Character.class, String.class}) + public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength(Class expectedType) { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("null")); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3, expectedType)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Invalid value starting at 0. Expected 'null'."); + } + + @Test + public void passedLengthSmallerThanStringLength() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("\"aaaaa\"")); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3, String.class)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unclosed string. A string is opened, but never closed."); + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithIntegerField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithIntegerField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b5d626 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithIntegerField.java @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import org.simdjson.annotations.JsonFieldName; + +public class ClassWithIntegerField { + + private final Integer field; + + public ClassWithIntegerField(@JsonFieldName("field") Integer field) { + this.field = field; + } + + public Integer getField() { + return field; + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveBooleanField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveBooleanField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16e0bc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveBooleanField.java @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import org.simdjson.annotations.JsonFieldName; + +public class ClassWithPrimitiveBooleanField { + + private final boolean field; + + public ClassWithPrimitiveBooleanField(@JsonFieldName("field") boolean field) { + this.field = field; + } + + public boolean getField() { + return field; + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveByteField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveByteField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d6c5e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveByteField.java @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import org.simdjson.annotations.JsonFieldName; + +public class ClassWithPrimitiveByteField { + + private final byte field; + + public ClassWithPrimitiveByteField(@JsonFieldName("field") byte field) { + this.field = field; + } + + public byte getField() { + return field; + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveCharacterField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveCharacterField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..369c5dc --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveCharacterField.java @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import org.simdjson.annotations.JsonFieldName; + +public class ClassWithPrimitiveCharacterField { + + private final char field; + + public ClassWithPrimitiveCharacterField(@JsonFieldName("field") char field) { + this.field = field; + } + + public char getField() { + return field; + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveDoubleField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveDoubleField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36e7695 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveDoubleField.java @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import org.simdjson.annotations.JsonFieldName; + +public class ClassWithPrimitiveDoubleField { + + private final double field; + + public ClassWithPrimitiveDoubleField(@JsonFieldName("field") double field) { + this.field = field; + } + + public double getField() { + return field; + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveFloatField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveFloatField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb2bb99 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveFloatField.java @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import org.simdjson.annotations.JsonFieldName; + +public class ClassWithPrimitiveFloatField { + + private final float field; + + public ClassWithPrimitiveFloatField(@JsonFieldName("field") float field) { + this.field = field; + } + + public float getField() { + return field; + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveIntegerField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveIntegerField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..793dc77 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveIntegerField.java @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import org.simdjson.annotations.JsonFieldName; + +public class ClassWithPrimitiveIntegerField { + + private final int field; + + public ClassWithPrimitiveIntegerField(@JsonFieldName("field") int field) { + this.field = field; + } + + public int getField() { + return field; + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveLongField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveLongField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..17a9d2e --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveLongField.java @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import org.simdjson.annotations.JsonFieldName; + +public class ClassWithPrimitiveLongField { + + private final long field; + + public ClassWithPrimitiveLongField(@JsonFieldName("field") long field) { + this.field = field; + } + + public long getField() { + return field; + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveShortField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveShortField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..35ac7fe --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithPrimitiveShortField.java @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import org.simdjson.annotations.JsonFieldName; + +public class ClassWithPrimitiveShortField { + + private final short field; + + public ClassWithPrimitiveShortField(@JsonFieldName("field") short field) { + this.field = field; + } + + public short getField() { + return field; + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithStringField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithStringField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2c8f3ee --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/ClassWithStringField.java @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import org.simdjson.annotations.JsonFieldName; + +public class ClassWithStringField { + + private final String field; + + public ClassWithStringField(@JsonFieldName("field") String field) { + this.field = field; + } + + public String getField() { + return field; + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithBooleanArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithBooleanArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..351bd23 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithBooleanArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithBooleanArrayField(Boolean[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithBooleanField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithBooleanField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5f8f3cf --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithBooleanField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithBooleanField(Boolean field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithBooleanListField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithBooleanListField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f3517c --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithBooleanListField.java @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import java.util.List; + +public record RecordWithBooleanListField(List field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithByteArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithByteArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf3eecb --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithByteArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithByteArrayField(Byte[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithByteField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithByteField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7297453 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithByteField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithByteField(Byte field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithByteListField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithByteListField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d15732a --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithByteListField.java @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import java.util.List; + +public record RecordWithByteListField(List field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithCharacterArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithCharacterArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..532cf55 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithCharacterArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithCharacterArrayField(Character[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithCharacterField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithCharacterField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd1d21a --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithCharacterField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithCharacterField(Character field) { + +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithCharacterListField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithCharacterListField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7bff7b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithCharacterListField.java @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import java.util.List; + +public record RecordWithCharacterListField(List field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithDoubleArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithDoubleArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d65c4d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithDoubleArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithDoubleArrayField(Double[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithDoubleField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithDoubleField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f3aeb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithDoubleField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithDoubleField(Double field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithDoubleListField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithDoubleListField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cdcdc03 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithDoubleListField.java @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import java.util.List; + +public record RecordWithDoubleListField(List field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithFloatArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithFloatArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..611483b --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithFloatArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithFloatArrayField(Float[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithFloatField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithFloatField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aeb95d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithFloatField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithFloatField(Float field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithFloatListField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithFloatListField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce75e91 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithFloatListField.java @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import java.util.List; + +public record RecordWithFloatListField(List field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithIntegerArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithIntegerArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d442af2 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithIntegerArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithIntegerArrayField(Integer[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithIntegerField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithIntegerField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5aafd3e --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithIntegerField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithIntegerField(Integer field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithIntegerListField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithIntegerListField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c34fd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithIntegerListField.java @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import java.util.List; + +public record RecordWithIntegerListField(List field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithLongArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithLongArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2829062 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithLongArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithLongArrayField(Long[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithLongField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithLongField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..698db5c --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithLongField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithLongField(Long field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithLongListField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithLongListField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a0ed295 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithLongListField.java @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import java.util.List; + +public record RecordWithLongListField(List field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d3c0663 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanArrayField(boolean[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c67eae3 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveBooleanField(boolean field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveByteArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveByteArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3127a2f --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveByteArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveByteArrayField(byte[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveByteField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveByteField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..64e3534 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveByteField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveByteField(byte field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..003d4d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterArrayField(char[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ff7386 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveCharacterField(char field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..29f6f2f --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleArrayField(double[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6325017 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveDoubleField(double field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveFloatArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveFloatArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6dbc9a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveFloatArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveFloatArrayField(float[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveFloatField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveFloatField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..87801be --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveFloatField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveFloatField(float field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..412b594 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerArrayField(int[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9d7b47d --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveIntegerField(int field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveLongArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveLongArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0afa42 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveLongArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveLongArrayField(long[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveLongField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveLongField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dfb5608 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveLongField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveLongField(long field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveShortArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveShortArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..95ac8fc --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveShortArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveShortArrayField(short[] field) { +} + diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveShortField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveShortField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..129c7ca --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithPrimitiveShortField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithPrimitiveShortField(short field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithShortArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithShortArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e819871 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithShortArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithShortArrayField(Short[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithShortField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithShortField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..046447e --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithShortField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithShortField(Short field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithShortListField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithShortListField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4c5d20 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithShortListField.java @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import java.util.List; + +public record RecordWithShortListField(List field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithStringArrayField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithStringArrayField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08ce42f --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithStringArrayField.java @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithStringArrayField(String[] field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithStringField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithStringField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..099d4e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithStringField.java @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +public record RecordWithStringField(String field) { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithStringListField.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithStringListField.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5c4cba9 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/schemas/RecordWithStringListField.java @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +package org.simdjson.schemas; + +import java.util.List; + +public record RecordWithStringListField(List field) { +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/CartesianTestCsv.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/CartesianTestCsv.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4c601e --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/CartesianTestCsv.java @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import org.junitpioneer.jupiter.cartesian.CartesianArgumentsSource; + +import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; +import java.lang.annotation.Retention; +import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; +import java.lang.annotation.Target; + +@Target(ElementType.PARAMETER) +@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) +@CartesianArgumentsSource(CartesianTestCsvArgumentsProvider.class) +public @interface CartesianTestCsv { + + String[] value() default {}; +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/CartesianTestCsvArgumentsProvider.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/CartesianTestCsvArgumentsProvider.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..35eaea0 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/CartesianTestCsvArgumentsProvider.java @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext; +import org.junitpioneer.jupiter.cartesian.CartesianParameterArgumentsProvider; + +import java.lang.reflect.Parameter; +import java.util.Arrays; +import java.util.Objects; +import java.util.stream.Stream; + +class CartesianTestCsvArgumentsProvider implements CartesianParameterArgumentsProvider { + + @Override + public Stream provideArguments(ExtensionContext context, Parameter parameter) { + CartesianTestCsv source = Objects.requireNonNull(parameter.getAnnotation(CartesianTestCsv.class)); + return Arrays.stream(source.value()) + .map(row -> row.split(",")) + .peek(row -> { + for (int i = 0; i < row.length; i++) { + row[i] = row[i].trim(); + } + }) + .map(CartesianTestCsvRow::new); + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/CartesianTestCsvRow.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/CartesianTestCsvRow.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4785cfb --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/CartesianTestCsvRow.java @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import java.util.Arrays; + +public class CartesianTestCsvRow { + + private final String[] cells; + + CartesianTestCsvRow(String[] cells) { + this.cells = cells; + } + + public String getValueAsString(int column) { + return cells[column]; + } + + public double getValueAsDouble(int column) { + return Double.parseDouble(cells[column]); + } + + public float getValueAsFloat(int column) { + return Float.parseFloat(cells[column]); + } + + public Object getValue(int column, Class expectedTye) { + if (expectedTye == Float.class || expectedTye == float.class) { + return getValueAsFloat(column); + } + if (expectedTye == Double.class || expectedTye == double.class) { + return getValueAsDouble(column); + } + throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported type: " + expectedTye.getName()); + } + + @Override + public String toString() { + return Arrays.toString(cells); + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/FloatingPointNumberTestFile.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/FloatingPointNumberTestFile.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fefaf36 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/FloatingPointNumberTestFile.java @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import java.io.BufferedReader; +import java.io.File; +import java.io.FileReader; +import java.io.IOException; +import java.util.Iterator; + +public class FloatingPointNumberTestFile { + + private final File file; + + FloatingPointNumberTestFile(File file) { + this.file = file; + } + + public FloatingPointNumberTestCasesIterator iterator() throws IOException { + return new FloatingPointNumberTestCasesIterator(file); + } + + @Override + public String toString() { + return file.toString(); + } + + public record FloatingPointNumberTestCase(int line, String input, float expectedFloat, double expectedDouble) { + + } + + public static class FloatingPointNumberTestCasesIterator implements Iterator, AutoCloseable { + + private final BufferedReader br; + + private int nextLineNo = 0; + private String nextLine; + + private FloatingPointNumberTestCasesIterator(File file) throws IOException { + br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file)); + moveToNextLine(); + } + + @Override + public boolean hasNext() { + return nextLine != null; + } + + @Override + public FloatingPointNumberTestCase next() { + String[] cells = nextLine.split(" "); + float expectedFloat = Float.intBitsToFloat(Integer.decode("0x" + cells[1])); + double expectedDouble = Double.longBitsToDouble(Long.decode("0x" + cells[2])); + String input = readInputNumber(cells[3]); + try { + moveToNextLine(); + } catch (IOException e) { + throw new RuntimeException(e); + } + return new FloatingPointNumberTestCase(nextLineNo, input, expectedFloat, expectedDouble); + } + + @Override + public void close() throws IOException { + br.close(); + } + + private void moveToNextLine() throws IOException { + nextLine = br.readLine(); + nextLineNo++; + } + + private static String readInputNumber(String input) { + boolean isDouble = input.indexOf('e') >= 0 || input.indexOf('E') >= 0 || input.indexOf('.') >= 0; + if (isDouble) { + if (input.startsWith(".")) { + input = "0" + input; + } + return input.replaceFirst("\\.[eE]", ".0e"); + } + return input + ".0"; + } + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/FloatingPointNumberTestFilesProvider.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/FloatingPointNumberTestFilesProvider.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb9f152 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/FloatingPointNumberTestFilesProvider.java @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ArgumentsProvider; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.support.AnnotationConsumer; + +import java.io.File; +import java.nio.file.Path; +import java.util.stream.Stream; + +class FloatingPointNumberTestFilesProvider implements ArgumentsProvider, AnnotationConsumer { + + @Override + public Stream provideArguments(ExtensionContext context) { + return listTestFiles() + .map(FloatingPointNumberTestFile::new) + .map(Arguments::of); + } + + @Override + public void accept(FloatingPointNumberTestFilesSource annotation) { + } + + private static Stream listTestFiles() { + String testDataDir = System.getProperty("org.simdjson.testdata.dir", System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/testdata"); + File[] testFiles = Path.of(testDataDir, "parse-number-fxx-test-data", "data").toFile().listFiles(); + if (testFiles == null) { + return Stream.empty(); + } + return Stream.of(testFiles) + .filter(File::isFile); + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/FloatingPointNumberTestFilesSource.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/FloatingPointNumberTestFilesSource.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e2cd3b --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/FloatingPointNumberTestFilesSource.java @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ArgumentsSource; + +import java.lang.annotation.Documented; +import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; +import java.lang.annotation.Retention; +import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; +import java.lang.annotation.Target; + +/** + * Provides files with floating point number test cases. + *

+ * The default location of the files is the directory /testdata within the project directory. + * It can be customized using the system property 'org.simdjson.testdata.dir'. + *

+ * The files are expected to be formatted as described at: + * https://github.com/nigeltao/parse-number-fxx-test-data + */ +@Documented +@Target(ElementType.METHOD) +@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) +@ArgumentsSource(FloatingPointNumberTestFilesProvider.class) +public @interface FloatingPointNumberTestFilesSource { + +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/JsonValueAssert.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/JsonValueAssert.java similarity index 81% rename from src/test/java/org/simdjson/JsonValueAssert.java rename to src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/JsonValueAssert.java index 6c8bf66..d3350c0 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/JsonValueAssert.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/JsonValueAssert.java @@ -1,19 +1,16 @@ -package org.simdjson; +package org.simdjson.testutils; import org.assertj.core.api.AbstractAssert; import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions; +import org.simdjson.JsonValue; -class JsonValueAssert extends AbstractAssert { +public class JsonValueAssert extends AbstractAssert { JsonValueAssert(JsonValue actual) { super(actual, JsonValueAssert.class); } - static JsonValueAssert assertThat(JsonValue actual) { - return new JsonValueAssert(actual); - } - - JsonValueAssert isEqualTo(long expected) { + public JsonValueAssert isEqualTo(long expected) { Assertions.assertThat(actual.isLong()) .withFailMessage("Expecting value to be long but was " + getActualType()) .isTrue(); @@ -21,7 +18,7 @@ JsonValueAssert isEqualTo(long expected) { return this; } - JsonValueAssert isEqualTo(Double expected) { + public JsonValueAssert isEqualTo(Double expected) { Assertions.assertThat(actual.isDouble()) .withFailMessage("Expecting value to be double but was " + getActualType()) .isTrue(); @@ -29,7 +26,7 @@ JsonValueAssert isEqualTo(Double expected) { return this; } - JsonValueAssert isEqualTo(String expected) { + public JsonValueAssert isEqualTo(String expected) { Assertions.assertThat(actual.isString()) .withFailMessage("Expecting value to be string but was " + getActualType()) .isTrue(); @@ -37,7 +34,7 @@ JsonValueAssert isEqualTo(String expected) { return this; } - JsonValueAssert isEqualTo(boolean expected) { + public JsonValueAssert isEqualTo(boolean expected) { Assertions.assertThat(actual.isBoolean()) .withFailMessage("Expecting value to be boolean but was " + getActualType()) .isTrue(); diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/MapEntry.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/MapEntry.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e821958 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/MapEntry.java @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +public @interface MapEntry { + + String[] stringKey() default {}; + + Class[] classKey() default {}; + + String value(); +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/MapSource.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/MapSource.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4271b74 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/MapSource.java @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ArgumentsSource; + +import java.lang.annotation.Documented; +import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; +import java.lang.annotation.Retention; +import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; +import java.lang.annotation.Target; + +@Documented +@Target(ElementType.METHOD) +@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) +@ArgumentsSource(MapSourceProvider.class) +public @interface MapSource { + + MapEntry[] value(); +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/MapSourceProvider.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/MapSourceProvider.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e38928 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/MapSourceProvider.java @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ArgumentsProvider; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.support.AnnotationConsumer; + +import java.util.Arrays; +import java.util.stream.Stream; + +class MapSourceProvider implements ArgumentsProvider, AnnotationConsumer { + + private MapEntry[] entries; + + @Override + public void accept(MapSource mapSource) { + entries = mapSource.value(); + } + + @Override + public Stream provideArguments(ExtensionContext context) { + return Arrays.stream(entries) + .map(entry -> { + Object[] key = null; + if (entry.stringKey().length != 0) { + key = entry.stringKey(); + } else if (entry.classKey().length != 0) { + key = entry.classKey(); + } + if (key == null) { + throw new IllegalArgumentException("Missing key."); + } + if (key.length > 1) { + throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected one key, got " + key.length); + } + return Arguments.of(key[0], entry.value()); + }); + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/NumberTestData.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/NumberTestData.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..215c7f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/NumberTestData.java @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import java.util.Random; + +class NumberTestData { + + private static final Random RANDOM = new Random(); + + static byte randomByte() { + return (byte) RANDOM.nextInt(); + } + + static short randomShort() { + return (short) RANDOM.nextInt(); + } + + static int randomInt() { + return RANDOM.nextInt(); + } + + static long randomLong() { + return RANDOM.nextLong(); + } + + static double randomDouble() { + while (true) { + double randomVal = Double.longBitsToDouble(RANDOM.nextLong()); + if (randomVal < Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY && randomVal > Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) { + return randomVal; + } + } + } + + static float randomFloat() { + while (true) { + float randomVal = Float.intBitsToFloat(RANDOM.nextInt()); + if (randomVal < Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY && randomVal > Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) { + return randomVal; + } + } + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomIntegralNumberProvider.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomIntegralNumberProvider.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d39dc1c --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomIntegralNumberProvider.java @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import org.junit.jupiter.api.Named; +import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ArgumentsProvider; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.support.AnnotationConsumer; + +import java.lang.reflect.Constructor; +import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; +import java.lang.reflect.Parameter; +import java.util.ArrayList; +import java.util.Arrays; +import java.util.Collections; +import java.util.List; +import java.util.function.Supplier; +import java.util.stream.Stream; + +class RandomIntegralNumberProvider implements ArgumentsProvider, AnnotationConsumer { + + private static final int SEQUENCE_SIZE = 10; + + private Class[] classes; + private boolean includeMinMax; + + @Override + public Stream provideArguments(ExtensionContext context) { + return Arrays.stream(classes) + .flatMap(expectedClass -> { + List numbers = generate(expectedClass); + + if (!numbers.isEmpty()) { + return numbers.stream() + .map(num -> createArguments(context, expectedClass, String.valueOf(num), num)); + } + + Constructor constructor = resolveConstructor(expectedClass); + Parameter[] parameters = constructor.getParameters(); + Parameter parameter = parameters[0]; + Class parameterType = parameter.getType(); + numbers = generate(parameterType); + + if (!numbers.isEmpty()) { + return numbers.stream() + .map(num -> { + Object expected = createInstance(constructor, num); + String json = "{\"" + parameter.getName() + "\": " + num + "}"; + return createArguments(context, expectedClass, json, expected); + }); + } + + throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported class: " + expectedClass); + }); + } + + @Override + public void accept(RandomIntegralNumberSource numbersSource) { + classes = numbersSource.classes(); + includeMinMax = numbersSource.includeMinMax(); + } + + private Constructor resolveConstructor(Class expectedClass) { + Constructor[] constructors = expectedClass.getDeclaredConstructors(); + if (constructors.length == 1) { + Constructor constructor = constructors[0]; + Parameter[] parameters = constructor.getParameters(); + if (parameters.length == 1) { + return constructor; + } + } + throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported class: " + expectedClass); + } + + private List generate(Class expectedClass) { + if (expectedClass == Byte.class || expectedClass == byte.class) { + return generateNumbers(NumberTestData::randomByte, Byte.MIN_VALUE, Byte.MAX_VALUE); + } + if (expectedClass == Short.class || expectedClass == short.class) { + return generateNumbers(NumberTestData::randomShort, Short.MIN_VALUE, Short.MAX_VALUE); + } + if (expectedClass == Integer.class || expectedClass == int.class) { + return generateNumbers(NumberTestData::randomInt, Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE); + } + if (expectedClass == Long.class || expectedClass == long.class) { + return generateNumbers(NumberTestData::randomLong, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE); + } + return Collections.emptyList(); + } + + private List generateNumbers(Supplier generator, T min, T max) { + List numbers = new ArrayList<>(); + if (includeMinMax) { + numbers.add(min); + numbers.add(max); + } + int randomSequenceLen = SEQUENCE_SIZE - numbers.size(); + for (int i = 0; i < randomSequenceLen; i++) { + numbers.add(generator.get()); + } + return numbers; + } + + private static Object createInstance(Constructor constructor, Object arg) { + try { + return constructor.newInstance(arg); + } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) { + throw new RuntimeException(e); + } + } + + private static Arguments createArguments(ExtensionContext context, Class schema, String json, Object expected) { + Class[] parameterTypes = context.getRequiredTestMethod().getParameterTypes(); + Object[] args = new Object[parameterTypes.length]; + for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { + if (parameterTypes[i] == Class.class) { + args[i] = Named.named(schema.getName(), schema); + } else if (parameterTypes[i] == String.class) { + args[i] = json; + } else { + args[i] = expected; + } + } + return () -> args; + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomIntegralNumberSource.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomIntegralNumberSource.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2938f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomIntegralNumberSource.java @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ArgumentsSource; + +import java.lang.annotation.Documented; +import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; +import java.lang.annotation.Retention; +import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; +import java.lang.annotation.Target; + +@Documented +@Target(ElementType.METHOD) +@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) +@ArgumentsSource(RandomIntegralNumberProvider.class) +public @interface RandomIntegralNumberSource { + + Class[] classes(); + + /** + * If set to true generated test arguments will include the min and max values for a given numeric type. + */ + boolean includeMinMax(); +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomStringProvider.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomStringProvider.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30d9840 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomStringProvider.java @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils; +import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ArgumentsProvider; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.support.AnnotationConsumer; + +import java.util.stream.IntStream; +import java.util.stream.Stream; + +class RandomStringProvider implements ArgumentsProvider, AnnotationConsumer { + + private int count; + private int minChars; + private int maxChars; + + @Override + public void accept(RandomStringSource randomStringSource) { + count = randomStringSource.count(); + if (count <= 0) { + throw new IllegalArgumentException("count has to be greater than zero"); + } + minChars = randomStringSource.minChars(); + if (minChars <= 0) { + throw new IllegalArgumentException("minChars has to be greater than zero"); + } + maxChars = randomStringSource.maxChars(); + if (maxChars <= 0 || maxChars == Integer.MAX_VALUE) { + throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxChars has to be withing the range of [1, Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1]"); + } + if (maxChars < minChars) { + throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxChars has to be greater or equal to minChars"); + } + } + + @Override + public Stream provideArguments(ExtensionContext context) { + Class[] parameterTypes = context.getRequiredTestMethod().getParameterTypes(); + if (parameterTypes.length != 2) { + throw new IllegalArgumentException("Test method should have two arguments: an input string and an expected value."); + } + if (parameterTypes[0] != String.class) { + throw new IllegalArgumentException("The first argument must be a String."); + } + if (parameterTypes[1] != String.class && parameterTypes[1] != Character.class && parameterTypes[1] != char.class) { + throw new IllegalArgumentException("The second argument must be either a String, Character, or char."); + } + return IntStream.range(0, count) + .mapToObj(i -> { + String jsonStr = StringTestData.randomString(minChars, maxChars); + if (parameterTypes[1] == String.class) { + return Arguments.of(jsonStr, StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJson(jsonStr)); + } + return Arguments.of(jsonStr, StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJson(jsonStr).charAt(0)); + }); + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomStringSource.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomStringSource.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a7aecb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/RandomStringSource.java @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ArgumentsSource; + +import java.lang.annotation.Documented; +import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; +import java.lang.annotation.Retention; +import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; +import java.lang.annotation.Target; + +@Documented +@Target(ElementType.METHOD) +@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) +@ArgumentsSource(RandomStringProvider.class) +public @interface RandomStringSource { + + int count() default 10; + + int minChars() default 1; + + int maxChars() default 100; +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/SchemaBasedRandomValueProvider.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/SchemaBasedRandomValueProvider.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2076379 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/SchemaBasedRandomValueProvider.java @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomUtils; +import org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils; +import org.junit.jupiter.api.Named; +import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ArgumentsProvider; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.support.AnnotationConsumer; + +import java.lang.reflect.Array; +import java.lang.reflect.Constructor; +import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; +import java.lang.reflect.Parameter; +import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType; +import java.lang.reflect.Type; +import java.util.ArrayList; +import java.util.Arrays; +import java.util.List; +import java.util.Set; +import java.util.stream.Stream; + +class SchemaBasedRandomValueProvider implements ArgumentsProvider, AnnotationConsumer { + + private static final Set> SUPPORTED_PRIMITIVE_TYPES = Set.of( + Boolean.class, + boolean.class, + String.class, + Character.class, + char.class, + Byte.class, + byte.class, + Short.class, + short.class, + Integer.class, + int.class, + Long.class, + long.class, + Float.class, + float.class, + Double.class, + double.class + ); + private static final GeneratedElement NULL_ELEMENT = new GeneratedElement(null, "null"); + private static final int MIN_ARRAY_ELEMENT = 1; + private static final int MAX_ARRAY_ELEMENT = 50; + + private Class[] schemas; + private boolean nulls; + + @Override + public void accept(SchemaBasedRandomValueSource schemaBasedRandomValueSource) { + schemas = schemaBasedRandomValueSource.schemas(); + nulls = schemaBasedRandomValueSource.nulls(); + } + + @Override + public Stream provideArguments(ExtensionContext context) { + Class[] parameterTypes = context.getRequiredTestMethod().getParameterTypes(); + return Arrays.stream(schemas) + .map(schema -> { + GeneratedElement expected = generate(schema, schema); + Object[] args = new Object[parameterTypes.length]; + for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { + if (parameterTypes[i] == Class.class) { + args[i] = Named.named(schema.getName(), schema); + } else if (parameterTypes[i] == String.class) { + args[i] = expected.string(); + } else { + args[i] = expected.value(); + } + } + return () -> args; + }); + } + + private GeneratedElement generate(Type type, Class c) { + if (SUPPORTED_PRIMITIVE_TYPES.contains(c)) { + return generatePrimitive(type); + } else if (c.isArray()) { + return generateArray(c); + } else if (c == List.class) { + return generateList((ParameterizedType) type); + } else { + Constructor constructor = resolveConstructor(c); + Parameter[] parameters = constructor.getParameters(); + Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length]; + StringBuilder jsonBuilder = new StringBuilder(); + jsonBuilder.append('{'); + for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { + Parameter parameter = parameters[i]; + GeneratedElement generatedElement = generate(parameter.getAnnotatedType().getType(), parameter.getType()); + args[i] = generatedElement.value(); + jsonBuilder.append('"'); + jsonBuilder.append(parameters[i].getName()); + jsonBuilder.append("\": "); + jsonBuilder.append(generatedElement.string()); + } + jsonBuilder.append('}'); + try { + Object o = constructor.newInstance(args); + return new GeneratedElement(o, jsonBuilder.toString()); + } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) { + throw new RuntimeException(e); + } + } + } + + private GeneratedElement generateArray(Class type) { + StringBuilder jsonStringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); + Class elementType = extractElementType(type); + int len = RandomUtils.nextInt(MIN_ARRAY_ELEMENT, MAX_ARRAY_ELEMENT + 1); + Object array = Array.newInstance(elementType, len); + jsonStringBuilder.append('['); + boolean arrayHasNullElement = false; + for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { + boolean nullElement = nulls && ((!arrayHasNullElement && i == len - 1) || RandomUtils.nextBoolean()); + GeneratedElement element; + if (nullElement) { + element = NULL_ELEMENT; + } else if (elementType.isArray()) { + element = generateArray(elementType); + } else { + element = generateArrayElement(elementType); + } + Array.set(array, i, element.value()); + jsonStringBuilder.append(element.string()); + arrayHasNullElement |= nullElement; + if (i != len - 1) { + jsonStringBuilder.append(','); + } + } + jsonStringBuilder.append(']'); + return new GeneratedElement(array, jsonStringBuilder.toString()); + } + + private GeneratedElement generateList(ParameterizedType type) { + StringBuilder jsonStringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); + Type elementType = type.getActualTypeArguments()[0]; + int len = RandomUtils.nextInt(MIN_ARRAY_ELEMENT, MAX_ARRAY_ELEMENT + 1); + List list = new ArrayList<>(); + jsonStringBuilder.append('['); + boolean arrayHasNullElement = false; + for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { + boolean nullElement = nulls && ((!arrayHasNullElement && i == len - 1) || RandomUtils.nextBoolean()); + GeneratedElement element; + if (nullElement) { + element = NULL_ELEMENT; + } else if (elementType instanceof ParameterizedType parameterizedType) { + element = generate(elementType, (Class) parameterizedType.getRawType()); + } else { + element = generate(elementType, (Class) elementType); + } + list.add(element.value()); + jsonStringBuilder.append(element.string()); + arrayHasNullElement |= nullElement; + if (i != len - 1) { + jsonStringBuilder.append(','); + } + } + jsonStringBuilder.append(']'); + return new GeneratedElement(list, jsonStringBuilder.toString()); + } + + private static Class extractElementType(Class c) { + Class elementType = c.componentType(); + if (elementType == null) { + return c; + } + return elementType; + } + + private GeneratedElement generateArrayElement(Class elementType) { + if (SUPPORTED_PRIMITIVE_TYPES.contains(elementType)) { + return generatePrimitive(elementType); + } + return generate(elementType, elementType); + } + + private Constructor resolveConstructor(Class expectedClass) { + Constructor[] constructors = expectedClass.getDeclaredConstructors(); + if (constructors.length == 1) { + Constructor constructor = constructors[0]; + constructor.setAccessible(true); + return constructor; + } + throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported class: " + expectedClass + ". It should has only one constructor."); + } + + private GeneratedElement generatePrimitive(Type elementType) { + if (elementType == Boolean.class || elementType == boolean.class) { + boolean element = RandomUtils.nextBoolean(); + return new GeneratedElement(element, Boolean.toString(element)); + } + if (elementType == String.class) { + String element = StringTestData.randomString(1, 50); + return new GeneratedElement(StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJson(element), "\"" + element + "\""); + } + if (elementType == Character.class || elementType == char.class) { + String element = StringTestData.randomString(1, 1); + return new GeneratedElement(StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJson(element).charAt(0), "\"" + element + "\""); + } + if (elementType == Byte.class || elementType == byte.class) { + byte element = NumberTestData.randomByte(); + return new GeneratedElement(element, String.valueOf(element)); + } + if (elementType == Short.class || elementType == short.class) { + short element = NumberTestData.randomShort(); + return new GeneratedElement(element, String.valueOf(element)); + } + if (elementType == Integer.class || elementType == int.class) { + int element = NumberTestData.randomInt(); + return new GeneratedElement(element, String.valueOf(element)); + } + if (elementType == Long.class || elementType == long.class) { + long element = NumberTestData.randomLong(); + return new GeneratedElement(element, String.valueOf(element)); + } + if (elementType == Float.class || elementType == float.class) { + float element = NumberTestData.randomFloat(); + return new GeneratedElement(element, String.valueOf(element)); + } + if (elementType == Double.class || elementType == double.class) { + double element = NumberTestData.randomDouble(); + return new GeneratedElement(element, String.valueOf(element)); + } + throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported type: " + elementType + ". The following classes are supported: " + SUPPORTED_PRIMITIVE_TYPES); + } + + private record GeneratedElement(Object value, String string) { + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/SchemaBasedRandomValueSource.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/SchemaBasedRandomValueSource.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc797e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/SchemaBasedRandomValueSource.java @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ArgumentsSource; + +import java.lang.annotation.Documented; +import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; +import java.lang.annotation.Retention; +import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; +import java.lang.annotation.Target; + +@Documented +@Target(ElementType.METHOD) +@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) +@ArgumentsSource(SchemaBasedRandomValueProvider.class) +public @interface SchemaBasedRandomValueSource { + + Class[] schemas(); + + /** + * If set to true at least one null will appear in every generated array. + */ + boolean nulls(); +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/SimdJsonAssertions.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/SimdJsonAssertions.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e0f114b --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/SimdJsonAssertions.java @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions; +import org.simdjson.JsonValue; + +public class SimdJsonAssertions extends Assertions { + + public static JsonValueAssert assertThat(JsonValue actual) { + return new JsonValueAssert(actual); + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/StringTestData.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/StringTestData.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2389a91 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/StringTestData.java @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomStringUtils; +import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomUtils; +import org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils; + +import java.util.HashMap; +import java.util.List; +import java.util.Map; +import java.util.regex.Matcher; + +import static java.lang.Character.MAX_CODE_POINT; +import static java.lang.Character.isBmpCodePoint; +import static java.lang.Character.lowSurrogate; +import static java.util.stream.IntStream.rangeClosed; + +public class StringTestData { + + private static final Map CONTROL_CHARACTER_ESCAPE = new HashMap<>(); + + static { + for (int codePoint = 0; codePoint <= 0x001F; codePoint++) { + String controlCharacter = String.valueOf((char) codePoint); + CONTROL_CHARACTER_ESCAPE.put(controlCharacter, toUnicodeEscape(codePoint)); + } + } + + public static String randomString(int minChars, int maxChars) { + int stringLen = RandomUtils.nextInt(minChars, maxChars + 1); + var string = RandomStringUtils.random(stringLen) + .replaceAll("\"", "\\\\\"") + .replaceAll("\\\\", "\\\\\\\\"); + for (Map.Entry entry : CONTROL_CHARACTER_ESCAPE.entrySet()) { + string = string.replaceAll(entry.getKey(), Matcher.quoteReplacement(entry.getValue())); + } + System.out.println("Generated string: " + string + " [" + StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava(string) + "]"); + return string; + } + + /** + * Returns all usable characters that don't need to be escaped. + * It means that all control characters, '"', and '\' are not returned. + */ + public static List usableSingleCodeUnitCharacters() { + return rangeClosed(0, MAX_CODE_POINT) + .filter(Character::isBmpCodePoint) + .filter(codePoint -> !isReservedCodePoint(codePoint)) + .filter(codePoint -> !Character.isISOControl(codePoint)) + .filter(codePoint -> (char) codePoint != '"') + .filter(codePoint -> (char) codePoint != '\\') + .mapToObj(codePoint -> (char) codePoint) + .map(String::valueOf) + .toList(); + } + + public static List usableEscapedSingleCodeUnitCharacters() { + return rangeClosed(0, MAX_CODE_POINT) + .filter(Character::isBmpCodePoint) + .filter(codePoint -> !isReservedCodePoint(codePoint)) + .mapToObj(StringTestData::toUnicodeEscape) + .toList(); + } + + public static List reservedEscapedSingleCodeUnitCharacters() { + return rangeClosed(0, MAX_CODE_POINT) + .filter(Character::isBmpCodePoint) + .filter(StringTestData::isReservedCodePoint) + .mapToObj(StringTestData::toUnicodeEscape) + .toList(); + } + + public static List escapedLowSurrogates() { + return rangeClosed(0xDC00, 0xDFFF) + .mapToObj(StringTestData::toUnicodeEscape) + .toList(); + } + + public static List usableTwoCodeUnitsCharacters() { + return rangeClosed(0, MAX_CODE_POINT) + .filter(codePoint -> !Character.isBmpCodePoint(codePoint)) + .mapToObj(Character::toString) + .toList(); + } + + public static List usableEscapedUnicodeCharacters() { + return rangeClosed(0, MAX_CODE_POINT) + .filter(codePoint -> !isReservedCodePoint(codePoint)) + .mapToObj(StringTestData::toUnicodeEscape) + .toList(); + } + + public static List escapedUnicodeCharactersWithInvalidLowSurrogate() { + return rangeClosed(0x0000, 0xFFFF) + .filter(lowSurrogate -> lowSurrogate < 0xDC00 || lowSurrogate > 0xDFFF) + .mapToObj(lowSurrogate -> String.format("\\uD800\\u%04X", lowSurrogate)) + .toList(); + } + + public static List unescapedControlCharacters() { + return rangeClosed(0, 0x001F) + .mapToObj(codePoint -> (char) codePoint) + .map(String::valueOf) + .toList(); + } + + private static String toUnicodeEscape(int codePoint) { + if (isBmpCodePoint(codePoint)) { + return String.format("\\u%04X", codePoint); + } else { + return String.format("\\u%04X\\u%04X", + (int) Character.highSurrogate(codePoint), (int) lowSurrogate(codePoint)); + } + } + + private static boolean isReservedCodePoint(int codePoint) { + return codePoint >= 0xD800 && codePoint <= 0xDFFF; + } +} From 688e5059343e4f5371fcd5270e18bf7fafb53496 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Piotr=20R=C5=BCysko?= Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2024 09:49:44 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 06/13] Update README (#44) --- README.md | 90 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 76 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 99e8143..1802aa2 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ by Geoff Langdale and Daniel Lemire. ## Code Sample +### DOM Parser + ```java byte[] json = loadTwitterJson(); @@ -25,6 +27,30 @@ while (tweets.hasNext()) { } ``` +### Schema-Based Parser + +```java +byte[] json = loadTwitterJson(); + +SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); +SimdJsonTwitter twitter = simdJsonParser.parse(buffer, buffer.length, SimdJsonTwitter.class); +for (SimdJsonStatus status : twitter.statuses()) { + SimdJsonUser user = status.user(); + if (user.default_profile()) { + System.out.println(user.screen_name()); + } +} + +record SimdJsonUser(boolean default_profile, String screen_name) { +} + +record SimdJsonStatus(SimdJsonUser user) { +} + +record SimdJsonTwitter(List statuses) { +} +``` + ## Installation The library is available in the [Maven Central Repository](https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.simdjson/simdjson-java). @@ -67,24 +93,60 @@ This section presents a performance comparison of different JSON parsers availab the [twitter.json](src/jmh/resources/twitter.json) dataset, and its goal was to measure the throughput (ops/s) of parsing and finding all unique users with a default profile. -**Note that simdjson-java is still missing several features (see [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/simdjson/simdjson-java/issues)), -so the following results may not reflect its real performance.** +### 256-bit Vectors Environment: -* CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4590 CPU @ 3.30GHz -* OS: Ubuntu 23.04, kernel 6.2.0-23-generic -* Java: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Temurin-20.0.1+9 - - Library | Version | Throughput (ops/s) ----------------------------------------------------|---------|-------------------- - simdjson-java | - | 1450.951 - simdjson-java (padded) | - | 1505.227 - [jackson](https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson) | 2.15.2 | 504.562 - [fastjson2](https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson) | 2.0.35 | 590.743 - [jsoniter](https://github.com/json-iterator/java) | 0.9.23 | 384.664 +* CPU: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2686 v4 @ 2.30GHz +* OS: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, kernel 6.8.0-1008-aws +* Java: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 21.0.3+9-Ubuntu-1ubuntu1, mixed mode, sharing) + +DOM parsers ([ParseAndSelectBenchmark](src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/ParseAndSelectBenchmark.java)): + +| Library | Version | Throughput (ops/s) | +|--------------------------------------------------|---------|--------------------| +| simdjson-java (padded) | 0.3.0 | 783.878 | +| simdjson-java | 0.3.0 | 760.426 | +| [fastjson2](https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson) | 2.0.49 | 308.660 | +| [jackson](https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson) | 2.17.0 | 259.536 | + +Schema-based parsers ([SchemaBasedParseAndSelectBenchmark](src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/SchemaBasedParseAndSelectBenchmark.java)): + +| Library | Version | Throughput (ops/s) | +|-----------------------------------------------------------------|---------|--------------------| +| simdjson-java (padded) | 0.3.0 | 1237.432 | +| simdjson-java | 0.3.0 | 1216.891 | +| [jsoniter-scala](https://github.com/plokhotnyuk/jsoniter-scala) | 2.28.4 | 614.138 | +| [fastjson2](https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson) | 2.0.49 | 494.362 | +| [jackson](https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson) | 2.17.0 | 339.904 | + +### 512-bit Vectors + +Environment: +* CPU: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8375C CPU @ 2.90GHz +* OS: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, kernel 6.8.0-1008-aws +* Java: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 21.0.3+9-Ubuntu-1ubuntu1, mixed mode, sharing) + +DOM parsers ([ParseAndSelectBenchmark](src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/ParseAndSelectBenchmark.java)): + +| Library | Version | Throughput (ops/s) | +|--------------------------------------------------|---------|--------------------| +| simdjson-java (padded) | 0.3.0 | 1842.146 | +| simdjson-java | 0.3.0 | 1765.592 | +| [fastjson2](https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson) | 2.0.49 | 718.133 | +| [jackson](https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson) | 2.17.0 | 616.617 | + +Schema-based parsers ([SchemaBasedParseAndSelectBenchmark](src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/SchemaBasedParseAndSelectBenchmark.java)): + +| Library | Version | Throughput (ops/s) | +|-----------------------------------------------------------------|---------|--------------------| +| simdjson-java (padded) | 0.3.0 | 3164.274 | +| simdjson-java | 0.3.0 | 2990.289 | +| [jsoniter-scala](https://github.com/plokhotnyuk/jsoniter-scala) | 2.28.4 | 1826.229 | +| [fastjson2](https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson) | 2.0.49 | 1259.622 | +| [jackson](https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson) | 2.17.0 | 789.030 | To reproduce the benchmark results, execute the following command: ```./gradlew jmh -Pjmh.includes='.*ParseAndSelectBenchmark.*'``` -The benchmark may take several minutes. Remember that you need Java 18 or better. \ No newline at end of file +The benchmark may take several minutes. Remember that you need Java 18 or better. From 3c438575b33e590cb998fce624d7b81598d75761 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Piotr Rzysko Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2024 08:42:24 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 07/13] fix generating random strings --- .../simdjson/testutils/StringTestData.java | 30 ++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/StringTestData.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/StringTestData.java index 2389a91..b20baca 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/StringTestData.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/StringTestData.java @@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomStringUtils; import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomUtils; import org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils; +import org.apache.commons.text.translate.AggregateTranslator; +import org.apache.commons.text.translate.CharSequenceTranslator; +import org.apache.commons.text.translate.JavaUnicodeEscaper; +import org.apache.commons.text.translate.LookupTranslator; -import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; -import java.util.regex.Matcher; import static java.lang.Character.MAX_CODE_POINT; import static java.lang.Character.isBmpCodePoint; @@ -16,25 +18,17 @@ public class StringTestData { - private static final Map CONTROL_CHARACTER_ESCAPE = new HashMap<>(); - - static { - for (int codePoint = 0; codePoint <= 0x001F; codePoint++) { - String controlCharacter = String.valueOf((char) codePoint); - CONTROL_CHARACTER_ESCAPE.put(controlCharacter, toUnicodeEscape(codePoint)); - } - } + public static final CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_JSON = new AggregateTranslator( + new LookupTranslator(Map.of("\"", "\\\"", "\\", "\\\\")), + JavaUnicodeEscaper.below(0x20) + ); public static String randomString(int minChars, int maxChars) { int stringLen = RandomUtils.nextInt(minChars, maxChars + 1); - var string = RandomStringUtils.random(stringLen) - .replaceAll("\"", "\\\\\"") - .replaceAll("\\\\", "\\\\\\\\"); - for (Map.Entry entry : CONTROL_CHARACTER_ESCAPE.entrySet()) { - string = string.replaceAll(entry.getKey(), Matcher.quoteReplacement(entry.getValue())); - } - System.out.println("Generated string: " + string + " [" + StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava(string) + "]"); - return string; + var rawString = RandomStringUtils.random(stringLen); + var jsonString = ESCAPE_JSON.translate(rawString); + System.out.println("Generated string: " + jsonString + " [" + StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava(jsonString) + "]"); + return jsonString; } /** From 75685cd365a769b797b0a1d672f62ed09bc8a3bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Piotr=20R=C5=BCysko?= Date: Wed, 22 May 2024 20:43:35 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 08/13] schema-based parsing: fix handling non-existent fields in schema (#51) --- .../org/simdjson/ConstructorArgumentsMap.java | 3 +++ .../ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest.java | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+) diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ConstructorArgumentsMap.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ConstructorArgumentsMap.java index 259c299..d53a544 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ConstructorArgumentsMap.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/ConstructorArgumentsMap.java @@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ ConstructorArgument get(byte[] buffer, int len) { int place = findPlace(buffer, len); for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) { byte[] key = keys[place]; + if (key == null) { + return null; + } if (Arrays.equals(key, 0, key.length, buffer, 0, len)) { return arguments[place]; } diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest.java index dcb6545..c19265c 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest.java @@ -642,6 +642,25 @@ public void listsWithoutElementTypeAreNotSupported() { .hasMessage("Undefined list element type."); } + @Test + public void issue50() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] json = toUtf8("{\"name\": \"John\", \"age\": 30, \"aaa\": 1, \"bbb\": 2, \"ccc\": 3}"); + + // when + Issue50 object = parser.parse(json, json.length, Issue50.class); + + // then + assertThat(object.aaa()).isEqualTo(1); + assertThat(object.bbb()).isEqualTo(2); + assertThat(object.ccc()).isEqualTo(3); + } + + private record Issue50(long aaa, long bbb, long ccc) { + + } + private record RecordWithExplicitFieldNames(@JsonFieldName("ąćśńźż") long firstField, @JsonFieldName("\u20A9\u0E3F") long secondField, @JsonFieldName("αβγ") long thirdField, From d8a3ef67ae9f8fe401f594c469cc204a3297997d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Piotr=20R=C5=BCysko?= Date: Sat, 1 Jun 2024 06:14:18 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 09/13] Add Java 22 to CI (#45) --- .github/workflows/ci.yml | 13 +- .github/workflows/publish.yml | 6 +- gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar | Bin 63721 -> 43453 bytes gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties | 2 +- gradlew | 2 +- gradlew.bat | 184 +++++++++++------------ 6 files changed, 104 insertions(+), 103 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml index 05e4637..885c493 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ name: CI -on: [ push, pull_request ] +on: [ pull_request ] jobs: build: @@ -8,21 +8,22 @@ jobs: strategy: matrix: - version: [ 18, 19, 20, 21 ] + version: [ 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 ] + vector-length: [ 256, 512 ] steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - - uses: gradle/wrapper-validation-action@v1 + - uses: gradle/actions/wrapper-validation@v3 - name: Set up JDK ${{ matrix.version }} - uses: actions/setup-java@v3 + uses: actions/setup-java@v4 with: distribution: temurin java-version: ${{ matrix.version }} - name: Setup Gradle - uses: gradle/gradle-build-action@v2 + uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v3 - name: Tests - run: ./gradlew check + run: ./gradlew test${{ matrix.vector-length }} diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml index fa59c3d..1cdb32f 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/publish.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/publish.yml @@ -15,16 +15,16 @@ jobs: steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - - uses: gradle/wrapper-validation-action@v1 + - uses: gradle/actions/wrapper-validation@v3 - name: Set up JDK 18 - uses: actions/setup-java@v3 + uses: actions/setup-java@v4 with: distribution: temurin java-version: 18 - name: Setup Gradle - uses: gradle/gradle-build-action@v2 + uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v3 - name: Release if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' diff --git a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar index 7f93135c49b765f8051ef9d0a6055ff8e46073d8..e6441136f3d4ba8a0da8d277868979cfbc8ad796 100644 GIT binary patch literal 43453 zcma&N1CXTcmMvW9vTb(Rwr$&4wr$(C?dmSu>@vG-+vuvg^_??!{yS%8zW-#zn-LkA z5&1^$^{lnmUON?}LBF8_K|(?T0Ra(xUH{($5eN!MR#ZihR#HxkUPe+_R8Cn`RRs(P 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distributionPath=wrapper/dists -distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.4-bin.zip +distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.8-bin.zip networkTimeout=10000 validateDistributionUrl=true zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME diff --git a/gradlew b/gradlew index 1aa94a4..b740cf1 100755 --- a/gradlew +++ b/gradlew @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ # Darwin, MinGW, and NonStop. # # (3) This script is generated from the Groovy template -# https://github.com/gradle/gradle/blob/HEAD/subprojects/plugins/src/main/resources/org/gradle/api/internal/plugins/unixStartScript.txt +# https://github.com/gradle/gradle/blob/HEAD/platforms/jvm/plugins-application/src/main/resources/org/gradle/api/internal/plugins/unixStartScript.txt # within the Gradle project. # # You can find Gradle at https://github.com/gradle/gradle/. diff --git a/gradlew.bat b/gradlew.bat index 93e3f59..7101f8e 100644 --- a/gradlew.bat +++ b/gradlew.bat @@ -1,92 +1,92 @@ -@rem -@rem Copyright 2015 the original author or authors. -@rem -@rem Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); -@rem you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. -@rem You may obtain a copy of the License at -@rem -@rem https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 -@rem -@rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -@rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, -@rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. -@rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and -@rem limitations under the License. -@rem - -@if "%DEBUG%"=="" @echo off -@rem ########################################################################## -@rem -@rem Gradle startup script for Windows -@rem -@rem ########################################################################## - -@rem Set local scope for the variables with windows NT shell -if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" setlocal - -set DIRNAME=%~dp0 -if "%DIRNAME%"=="" set DIRNAME=. -@rem This is normally unused -set APP_BASE_NAME=%~n0 -set APP_HOME=%DIRNAME% - -@rem Resolve any "." and ".." in APP_HOME to make it shorter. -for %%i in ("%APP_HOME%") do set APP_HOME=%%~fi - -@rem Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script. -set DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS="-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m" - -@rem Find java.exe -if defined JAVA_HOME goto findJavaFromJavaHome - -set JAVA_EXE=java.exe -%JAVA_EXE% -version >NUL 2>&1 -if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto execute - -echo. -echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH. -echo. -echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the -echo location of your Java installation. - -goto fail - -:findJavaFromJavaHome -set JAVA_HOME=%JAVA_HOME:"=% -set JAVA_EXE=%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java.exe - -if exist "%JAVA_EXE%" goto execute - -echo. -echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: %JAVA_HOME% -echo. -echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the -echo location of your Java installation. - -goto fail - -:execute -@rem Setup the command line - -set CLASSPATH=%APP_HOME%\gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.jar - - -@rem Execute Gradle -"%JAVA_EXE%" %DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS% %JAVA_OPTS% %GRADLE_OPTS% "-Dorg.gradle.appname=%APP_BASE_NAME%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain %* - -:end -@rem End local scope for the variables with windows NT shell -if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto mainEnd - -:fail -rem Set variable GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE if you need the _script_ return code instead of -rem the _cmd.exe /c_ return code! -set EXIT_CODE=%ERRORLEVEL% -if %EXIT_CODE% equ 0 set EXIT_CODE=1 -if not ""=="%GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE%" exit %EXIT_CODE% -exit /b %EXIT_CODE% - -:mainEnd -if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" endlocal - -:omega +@rem +@rem Copyright 2015 the original author or authors. +@rem +@rem Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); +@rem you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. +@rem You may obtain a copy of the License at +@rem +@rem https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 +@rem +@rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software +@rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, +@rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. +@rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and +@rem limitations under the License. +@rem + +@if "%DEBUG%"=="" @echo off +@rem ########################################################################## +@rem +@rem Gradle startup script for Windows +@rem +@rem ########################################################################## + +@rem Set local scope for the variables with windows NT shell +if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" setlocal + +set DIRNAME=%~dp0 +if "%DIRNAME%"=="" set DIRNAME=. +@rem This is normally unused +set APP_BASE_NAME=%~n0 +set APP_HOME=%DIRNAME% + +@rem Resolve any "." and ".." in APP_HOME to make it shorter. +for %%i in ("%APP_HOME%") do set APP_HOME=%%~fi + +@rem Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script. +set DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS="-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m" + +@rem Find java.exe +if defined JAVA_HOME goto findJavaFromJavaHome + +set JAVA_EXE=java.exe +%JAVA_EXE% -version >NUL 2>&1 +if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto execute + +echo. 1>&2 +echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH. 1>&2 +echo. 1>&2 +echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the 1>&2 +echo location of your Java installation. 1>&2 + +goto fail + +:findJavaFromJavaHome +set JAVA_HOME=%JAVA_HOME:"=% +set JAVA_EXE=%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java.exe + +if exist "%JAVA_EXE%" goto execute + +echo. 1>&2 +echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: %JAVA_HOME% 1>&2 +echo. 1>&2 +echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the 1>&2 +echo location of your Java installation. 1>&2 + +goto fail + +:execute +@rem Setup the command line + +set CLASSPATH=%APP_HOME%\gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.jar + + +@rem Execute Gradle +"%JAVA_EXE%" %DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS% %JAVA_OPTS% %GRADLE_OPTS% "-Dorg.gradle.appname=%APP_BASE_NAME%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain %* + +:end +@rem End local scope for the variables with windows NT shell +if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto mainEnd + +:fail +rem Set variable GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE if you need the _script_ return code instead of +rem the _cmd.exe /c_ return code! +set EXIT_CODE=%ERRORLEVEL% +if %EXIT_CODE% equ 0 set EXIT_CODE=1 +if not ""=="%GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE%" exit %EXIT_CODE% +exit /b %EXIT_CODE% + +:mainEnd +if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" endlocal + +:omega From ffc7f14d031f398a8f7581b8f5d879cc14674d99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Piotr=20R=C5=BCysko?= Date: Sat, 8 Jun 2024 13:49:10 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 10/13] Inline stage 1 (#53) --- build.gradle | 30 +- .../org/simdjson/ParseAndSelectBenchmark.java | 2 +- .../SchemaBasedParseAndSelectBenchmark.java | 2 +- .../org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorBenchmark.java | 13 +- src/main/java/org/simdjson/BlockReader.java | 49 -- .../org/simdjson/CharactersClassifier.java | 66 --- .../java/org/simdjson/JsonCharacterBlock.java | 8 - .../java/org/simdjson/JsonStringBlock.java | 12 - .../java/org/simdjson/JsonStringScanner.java | 90 ---- .../java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParser.java | 33 +- src/main/java/org/simdjson/StringParser.java | 4 +- .../java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexer.java | 363 ++++++++++--- src/main/java/org/simdjson/Utf8Validator.java | 447 ++++++++-------- src/main/java/org/simdjson/VectorUtils.java | 48 ++ .../java/org/simdjson/ArrayParsingTest.java | 2 +- .../simdjson/ArraySchemaBasedParsingTest.java | 5 +- .../simdjson/BenchmarkCorrectnessTest.java | 7 +- .../java/org/simdjson/BlockReaderTest.java | 79 --- .../java/org/simdjson/BooleanParsingTest.java | 7 +- .../BooleanSchemaBasedParsingTest.java | 9 +- .../simdjson/CharactersClassifierTest.java | 70 --- ...tingPointNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java | 7 +- .../IntegralNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java | 7 +- .../org/simdjson/JsonStringScannerTest.java | 141 ----- .../java/org/simdjson/NullParsingTest.java | 5 +- .../java/org/simdjson/NumberParsingTest.java | 5 +- .../java/org/simdjson/ObjectParsingTest.java | 2 +- .../ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest.java | 5 +- .../java/org/simdjson/StringParsingTest.java | 7 +- .../StringSchemaBasedParsingTest.java | 7 +- .../org/simdjson/StructuralIndexerTest.java | 278 ++++++++++ src/test/java/org/simdjson/TestUtils.java | 34 -- .../java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidationTest.java | 449 ++++++++++++++++ .../java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorTest.java | 496 ------------------ .../org/simdjson/testutils/TestUtils.java | 40 ++ .../org/simdjson/testutils/Utf8TestData.java | 62 +++ 36 files changed, 1444 insertions(+), 1447 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/BlockReader.java delete mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/CharactersClassifier.java delete mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonCharacterBlock.java delete mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringBlock.java delete mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringScanner.java create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/simdjson/VectorUtils.java delete mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/BlockReaderTest.java delete mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/CharactersClassifierTest.java delete mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringScannerTest.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexerTest.java delete mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/TestUtils.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidationTest.java delete mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorTest.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/TestUtils.java create mode 100644 src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/Utf8TestData.java diff --git a/build.gradle b/build.gradle index 8fb175d..60e5f4b 100644 --- a/build.gradle +++ b/build.gradle @@ -136,24 +136,20 @@ jmh { jvmArgsPrepend = [ '--add-modules=jdk.incubator.vector' ] - if (getBooleanProperty('jmh.profilersEnabled', false)) { - createDirIfDoesNotExist('./profilers') - if (OperatingSystem.current().isLinux()) { - def profilerList = [ - 'async:verbose=true;output=flamegraph;event=cpu;dir=./profilers/async;libPath=' + getLibPath('LD_LIBRARY_PATH') - ] - if (getBooleanProperty('jmh.jitLogEnabled', false)) { - createDirIfDoesNotExist('./profilers/perfasm') - profilerList += [ - 'perfasm:intelSyntax=true;saveLog=true;saveLogTo=./profilers/perfasm' - ] - } - profilers = profilerList - } else if (OperatingSystem.current().isMacOsX()) { - profilers = [ - 'async:verbose=true;output=flamegraph;event=cpu;dir=./profilers/async;libPath=' + getLibPath('DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH') - ] + if (OperatingSystem.current().isLinux()) { + def profilerList = [] + if (getBooleanProperty('jmh.asyncProfilerEnabled', false)) { + createDirIfDoesNotExist('./profilers/async') + profilerList += ['async:verbose=true;output=flamegraph;event=cpu;dir=./profilers/async;libPath=' + getLibPath('LD_LIBRARY_PATH')] + } + if (getBooleanProperty('jmh.perfAsmEnabled', false)) { + createDirIfDoesNotExist('./profilers/perfasm') + profilerList += ['perfasm:intelSyntax=true;saveLog=true;saveLogTo=./profilers/perfasm'] + } + if (getBooleanProperty('jmh.perfEnabled', false)) { + profilerList += ['perf'] } + profilers = profilerList } if (project.hasProperty('jmh.includes')) { includes = [project.findProperty('jmh.includes')] diff --git a/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/ParseAndSelectBenchmark.java b/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/ParseAndSelectBenchmark.java index fcb056f..1cae0b1 100644 --- a/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/ParseAndSelectBenchmark.java +++ b/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/ParseAndSelectBenchmark.java @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public void setup() throws IOException { buffer = is.readAllBytes(); bufferPadded = padded(buffer); } - System.out.println("VectorSpecies = " + StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES); + System.out.println("VectorSpecies = " + VectorUtils.BYTE_SPECIES); } @Benchmark diff --git a/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/SchemaBasedParseAndSelectBenchmark.java b/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/SchemaBasedParseAndSelectBenchmark.java index a001e3f..cdd98f9 100644 --- a/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/SchemaBasedParseAndSelectBenchmark.java +++ b/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/SchemaBasedParseAndSelectBenchmark.java @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public void setup() throws IOException { buffer = is.readAllBytes(); bufferPadded = padded(buffer); } - System.out.println("VectorSpecies = " + StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES); + System.out.println("VectorSpecies = " + VectorUtils.BYTE_SPECIES); } @Benchmark diff --git a/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorBenchmark.java b/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorBenchmark.java index 51a6948..7661d38 100644 --- a/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorBenchmark.java +++ b/src/jmh/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorBenchmark.java @@ -1,7 +1,15 @@ package org.simdjson; import com.google.common.base.Utf8; -import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Level; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Param; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Setup; +import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; @@ -11,6 +19,7 @@ @BenchmarkMode(Mode.Throughput) @OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.SECONDS) public class Utf8ValidatorBenchmark { + @Param({"/twitter.json", "/gsoc-2018.json", "/github_events.json"}) String fileName; byte[] bytes; @@ -24,7 +33,7 @@ public void setup() throws IOException { @Benchmark public void utf8Validator() { - Utf8Validator.validate(bytes); + Utf8Validator.validate(bytes, bytes.length); } @Benchmark diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/BlockReader.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/BlockReader.java deleted file mode 100644 index 4567386..0000000 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/BlockReader.java +++ /dev/null @@ -1,49 +0,0 @@ -package org.simdjson; - -import java.util.Arrays; - -class BlockReader { - - private static final byte SPACE = 0x20; - - private final int stepSize; - private final byte[] lastBlock; - private final byte[] spaces; - - private byte[] buffer; - private int len; - private int idx = 0; - private int lenMinusStep; - - BlockReader(int stepSize) { - this.stepSize = stepSize; - this.lastBlock = new byte[stepSize]; - this.spaces = new byte[stepSize]; - Arrays.fill(spaces, SPACE); - } - - void reset(byte[] buffer, int len) { - this.idx = 0; - this.len = len; - this.buffer = buffer; - this.lenMinusStep = len < stepSize ? 0 : len - stepSize; - } - - boolean hasFullBlock() { - return idx < lenMinusStep; - } - - byte[] remainder() { - System.arraycopy(spaces, 0, lastBlock, 0, lastBlock.length); - System.arraycopy(buffer, idx, lastBlock, 0, len - idx); - return lastBlock; - } - - void advance() { - idx += stepSize; - } - - int getBlockIndex() { - return idx; - } -} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/CharactersClassifier.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/CharactersClassifier.java deleted file mode 100644 index 68b685c..0000000 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/CharactersClassifier.java +++ /dev/null @@ -1,66 +0,0 @@ -package org.simdjson; - -import jdk.incubator.vector.ByteVector; -import jdk.incubator.vector.VectorShuffle; - -class CharactersClassifier { - - private static final byte LOW_NIBBLE_MASK = 0x0f; - - private static final ByteVector WHITESPACE_TABLE = - ByteVector.fromArray( - StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES, - repeat(new byte[]{' ', 100, 100, 100, 17, 100, 113, 2, 100, '\t', '\n', 112, 100, '\r', 100, 100}, StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES.vectorByteSize() / 4), - 0); - - private static final ByteVector OP_TABLE = - ByteVector.fromArray( - StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES, - repeat(new byte[]{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ':', '{', ',', '}', 0, 0}, StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES.vectorByteSize() / 4), - 0); - - private static byte[] repeat(byte[] array, int n) { - byte[] result = new byte[n * array.length]; - for (int dst = 0; dst < result.length; dst += array.length) { - System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, dst, array.length); - } - return result; - } - - JsonCharacterBlock classify(ByteVector chunk0) { - VectorShuffle chunk0Low = extractLowNibble(chunk0).toShuffle(); - long whitespace = eq(chunk0, WHITESPACE_TABLE.rearrange(chunk0Low)); - ByteVector curlified0 = curlify(chunk0); - long op = eq(curlified0, OP_TABLE.rearrange(chunk0Low)); - return new JsonCharacterBlock(whitespace, op); - } - - JsonCharacterBlock classify(ByteVector chunk0, ByteVector chunk1) { - VectorShuffle chunk0Low = extractLowNibble(chunk0).toShuffle(); - VectorShuffle chunk1Low = extractLowNibble(chunk1).toShuffle(); - long whitespace = eq(chunk0, WHITESPACE_TABLE.rearrange(chunk0Low), chunk1, WHITESPACE_TABLE.rearrange(chunk1Low)); - ByteVector curlified0 = curlify(chunk0); - ByteVector curlified1 = curlify(chunk1); - long op = eq(curlified0, OP_TABLE.rearrange(chunk0Low), curlified1, OP_TABLE.rearrange(chunk1Low)); - return new JsonCharacterBlock(whitespace, op); - } - - private ByteVector extractLowNibble(ByteVector vector) { - return vector.and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK); - } - - private ByteVector curlify(ByteVector vector) { - // turns [ into { and ] into } - return vector.or((byte) 0x20); - } - - private long eq(ByteVector chunk0, ByteVector mask0) { - return chunk0.eq(mask0).toLong(); - } - - private long eq(ByteVector chunk0, ByteVector mask0, ByteVector chunk1, ByteVector mask1) { - long r0 = chunk0.eq(mask0).toLong(); - long r1 = chunk1.eq(mask1).toLong(); - return r0 | (r1 << 32); - } -} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonCharacterBlock.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonCharacterBlock.java deleted file mode 100644 index b99db20..0000000 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonCharacterBlock.java +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -package org.simdjson; - -record JsonCharacterBlock(long whitespace, long op) { - - long scalar() { - return ~(op | whitespace); - } -} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringBlock.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringBlock.java deleted file mode 100644 index d806681..0000000 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringBlock.java +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -package org.simdjson; - -record JsonStringBlock(long quote, long inString) { - - long stringTail() { - return inString ^ quote; - } - - long nonQuoteInsideString(long mask) { - return mask & inString; - } -} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringScanner.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringScanner.java deleted file mode 100644 index 6d856ac..0000000 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringScanner.java +++ /dev/null @@ -1,90 +0,0 @@ -package org.simdjson; - -import jdk.incubator.vector.ByteVector; - -class JsonStringScanner { - - private static final long EVEN_BITS_MASK = 0x5555555555555555L; - private static final long ODD_BITS_MASK = ~EVEN_BITS_MASK; - - private final ByteVector backslashMask; - private final ByteVector quoteMask; - - private long prevInString = 0; - private long prevEscaped = 0; - - JsonStringScanner() { - this.backslashMask = ByteVector.broadcast(StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES, (byte) '\\'); - this.quoteMask = ByteVector.broadcast(StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES, (byte) '"'); - } - - JsonStringBlock next(ByteVector chunk0) { - long backslash = eq(chunk0, backslashMask); - long escaped = findEscaped(backslash); - long quote = eq(chunk0, quoteMask) & ~escaped; - long inString = prefixXor(quote) ^ prevInString; - prevInString = inString >> 63; - return new JsonStringBlock(quote, inString); - } - - JsonStringBlock next(ByteVector chunk0, ByteVector chunk1) { - long backslash = eq(chunk0, chunk1, backslashMask); - long escaped = findEscaped(backslash); - long quote = eq(chunk0, chunk1, quoteMask) & ~escaped; - long inString = prefixXor(quote) ^ prevInString; - prevInString = inString >> 63; - return new JsonStringBlock(quote, inString); - } - - private long eq(ByteVector chunk0, ByteVector mask) { - long r = chunk0.eq(mask).toLong(); - return r; - } - - private long eq(ByteVector chunk0, ByteVector chunk1, ByteVector mask) { - long r0 = chunk0.eq(mask).toLong(); - long r1 = chunk1.eq(mask).toLong(); - return r0 | (r1 << 32); - } - - private long findEscaped(long backslash) { - if (backslash == 0) { - long escaped = prevEscaped; - prevEscaped = 0; - return escaped; - } - backslash &= ~prevEscaped; - long followsEscape = backslash << 1 | prevEscaped; - long oddSequenceStarts = backslash & ODD_BITS_MASK & ~followsEscape; - - long sequencesStartingOnEvenBits = oddSequenceStarts + backslash; - // Here, we check if the unsigned addition above caused an overflow. If that's the case, we store 1 in prevEscaped. - // The formula used to detect overflow was taken from 'Hacker's Delight, Second Edition' by Henry S. Warren, Jr., - // Chapter 2-13. - prevEscaped = ((oddSequenceStarts >>> 1) + (backslash >>> 1) + ((oddSequenceStarts & backslash) & 1)) >>> 63; - - long invertMask = sequencesStartingOnEvenBits << 1; - return (EVEN_BITS_MASK ^ invertMask) & followsEscape; - } - - private long prefixXor(long bitmask) { - bitmask ^= bitmask << 1; - bitmask ^= bitmask << 2; - bitmask ^= bitmask << 4; - bitmask ^= bitmask << 8; - bitmask ^= bitmask << 16; - bitmask ^= bitmask << 32; - return bitmask; - } - - void reset() { - prevInString = 0; - prevEscaped = 0; - } - - void finish() { - if (prevInString != 0) { - throw new JsonParsingException("Unclosed string. A string is opened, but never closed."); - } - } -} diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParser.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParser.java index a752bc1..707124c 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParser.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/SimdJsonParser.java @@ -2,12 +2,10 @@ public class SimdJsonParser { - private static final int STEP_SIZE = 64; private static final int PADDING = 64; private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 34 * 1024 * 1024; // we should be able to handle jsons <= 34MiB private static final int DEFAULT_MAX_DEPTH = 1024; - private final BlockReader reader; private final StructuralIndexer indexer; private final BitIndexes bitIndexes; private final JsonIterator jsonIterator; @@ -24,23 +22,20 @@ public SimdJsonParser(int capacity, int maxDepth) { jsonIterator = new JsonIterator(bitIndexes, stringBuffer, capacity, maxDepth, PADDING); schemaBasedJsonIterator = new SchemaBasedJsonIterator(bitIndexes, stringBuffer, PADDING); paddedBuffer = new byte[capacity]; - reader = new BlockReader(STEP_SIZE); indexer = new StructuralIndexer(bitIndexes); } public T parse(byte[] buffer, int len, Class expectedType) { - stage0(buffer); byte[] padded = padIfNeeded(buffer, len); - reset(padded, len); - stage1(padded); + reset(); + stage1(padded, len); return schemaBasedJsonIterator.walkDocument(padded, len, expectedType); } public JsonValue parse(byte[] buffer, int len) { - stage0(buffer); byte[] padded = padIfNeeded(buffer, len); - reset(padded, len); - stage1(padded); + reset(); + stage1(padded, len); return jsonIterator.walkDocument(padded, len); } @@ -52,25 +47,13 @@ private byte[] padIfNeeded(byte[] buffer, int len) { return buffer; } - private void reset(byte[] buffer, int len) { - indexer.reset(); - reader.reset(buffer, len); + private void reset() { bitIndexes.reset(); jsonIterator.reset(); } - private void stage0(byte[] buffer) { - Utf8Validator.validate(buffer); - } - - private void stage1(byte[] buffer) { - while (reader.hasFullBlock()) { - int blockIndex = reader.getBlockIndex(); - indexer.step(buffer, blockIndex, blockIndex); - reader.advance(); - } - indexer.step(reader.remainder(), 0, reader.getBlockIndex()); - reader.advance(); - indexer.finish(reader.getBlockIndex()); + private void stage1(byte[] buffer, int length) { + Utf8Validator.validate(buffer, length); + indexer.index(buffer, length); } } diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StringParser.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StringParser.java index c03e7eb..6452de9 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StringParser.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StringParser.java @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class StringParser { private static final byte BACKSLASH = '\\'; private static final byte QUOTE = '"'; - private static final int BYTES_PROCESSED = StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); + private static final int BYTES_PROCESSED = VectorUtils.BYTE_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); private static final int MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE = 0xD800; private static final int MAX_HIGH_SURROGATE = 0xDBFF; private static final int MIN_LOW_SURROGATE = 0xDC00; @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ private int doParseString(byte[] buffer, int idx, byte[] stringBuffer, int offse int src = idx + 1; int dst = offset; while (true) { - ByteVector srcVec = ByteVector.fromArray(StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES, buffer, src); + ByteVector srcVec = ByteVector.fromArray(VectorUtils.BYTE_SPECIES, buffer, src); srcVec.intoArray(stringBuffer, dst); long backslashBits = srcVec.eq(BACKSLASH).toLong(); long quoteBits = srcVec.eq(QUOTE).toLong(); diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexer.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexer.java index b2c4cbf..3720fda 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexer.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexer.java @@ -1,121 +1,320 @@ package org.simdjson; import jdk.incubator.vector.ByteVector; -import jdk.incubator.vector.IntVector; -import jdk.incubator.vector.VectorShape; -import jdk.incubator.vector.VectorSpecies; +import jdk.incubator.vector.VectorShuffle; +import java.util.Arrays; + +import static jdk.incubator.vector.ByteVector.SPECIES_256; +import static jdk.incubator.vector.ByteVector.SPECIES_512; import static jdk.incubator.vector.VectorOperators.UNSIGNED_LE; class StructuralIndexer { - static final VectorSpecies INT_SPECIES; - static final VectorSpecies BYTE_SPECIES; - static final int N_CHUNKS; + private static final int VECTOR_BIT_SIZE = VectorUtils.BYTE_SPECIES.vectorBitSize(); + private static final int STEP_SIZE = 64; + private static final byte BACKSLASH = (byte) '\\'; + private static final byte QUOTE = (byte) '"'; + private static final byte SPACE = 0x20; + private static final byte LAST_CONTROL_CHARACTER = (byte) 0x1F; + private static final long EVEN_BITS_MASK = 0x5555555555555555L; + private static final long ODD_BITS_MASK = ~EVEN_BITS_MASK; + private static final byte LOW_NIBBLE_MASK = 0x0f; + private static final ByteVector WHITESPACE_TABLE = VectorUtils.repeat( + new byte[]{' ', 100, 100, 100, 17, 100, 113, 2, 100, '\t', '\n', 112, 100, '\r', 100, 100} + ); + private static final ByteVector OP_TABLE = VectorUtils.repeat( + new byte[]{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ':', '{', ',', '}', 0, 0} + ); + private static final byte[] LAST_BLOCK_SPACES = new byte[STEP_SIZE]; static { - String species = System.getProperty("org.simdjson.species", "preferred"); - switch (species) { - case "preferred" -> { - BYTE_SPECIES = ByteVector.SPECIES_PREFERRED; - INT_SPECIES = IntVector.SPECIES_PREFERRED; - } - case "512" -> { - BYTE_SPECIES = ByteVector.SPECIES_512; - INT_SPECIES = IntVector.SPECIES_512; - } - case "256" -> { - BYTE_SPECIES = ByteVector.SPECIES_256; - INT_SPECIES = IntVector.SPECIES_256; - } - default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported vector species: " + species); - } - N_CHUNKS = 64 / BYTE_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); - assertSupportForSpecies(BYTE_SPECIES); - assertSupportForSpecies(INT_SPECIES); + Arrays.fill(LAST_BLOCK_SPACES, SPACE); } - private static void assertSupportForSpecies(VectorSpecies species) { - if (species.vectorShape() != VectorShape.S_256_BIT && species.vectorShape() != VectorShape.S_512_BIT) { - throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported vector species: " + species); - } - } - - private final JsonStringScanner stringScanner; - private final CharactersClassifier classifier; private final BitIndexes bitIndexes; - - private long prevStructurals = 0; - private long unescapedCharsError = 0; - private long prevScalar = 0; + private final byte[] lastBlock = new byte[STEP_SIZE]; StructuralIndexer(BitIndexes bitIndexes) { - this.stringScanner = new JsonStringScanner(); - this.classifier = new CharactersClassifier(); this.bitIndexes = bitIndexes; } - void step(byte[] buffer, int offset, int blockIndex) { - switch (N_CHUNKS) { - case 1: step1(buffer, offset, blockIndex); break; - case 2: step2(buffer, offset, blockIndex); break; - default: throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported vector width: " + N_CHUNKS * 64); + void index(byte[] buffer, int length) { + bitIndexes.reset(); + switch (VECTOR_BIT_SIZE) { + case 256 -> index256(buffer, length); + case 512 -> index512(buffer, length); + default -> throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported vector width: " + VECTOR_BIT_SIZE * 64); } } - private void step1(byte[] buffer, int offset, int blockIndex) { - ByteVector chunk0 = ByteVector.fromArray(ByteVector.SPECIES_512, buffer, offset); - JsonStringBlock strings = stringScanner.next(chunk0); - JsonCharacterBlock characters = classifier.classify(chunk0); - long unescaped = lteq(chunk0, (byte) 0x1F); - finishStep(characters, strings, unescaped, blockIndex); - } + private void index256(byte[] buffer, int length) { + long prevInString = 0; + long prevEscaped = 0; + long prevStructurals = 0; + long unescapedCharsError = 0; + long prevScalar = 0; - private void step2(byte[] buffer, int offset, int blockIndex) { - ByteVector chunk0 = ByteVector.fromArray(ByteVector.SPECIES_256, buffer, offset); - ByteVector chunk1 = ByteVector.fromArray(ByteVector.SPECIES_256, buffer, offset + 32); - JsonStringBlock strings = stringScanner.next(chunk0, chunk1); - JsonCharacterBlock characters = classifier.classify(chunk0, chunk1); - long unescaped = lteq(chunk0, chunk1, (byte) 0x1F); - finishStep(characters, strings, unescaped, blockIndex); - } + // Using SPECIES_512 here is not a mistake. Each iteration of the below loop processes two 256-bit chunks, + // so effectively it processes 512 bits at once. + int loopBound = SPECIES_512.loopBound(length); + int offset = 0; + int blockIndex = 0; + for (; offset < loopBound; offset += STEP_SIZE) { + ByteVector chunk0 = ByteVector.fromArray(SPECIES_256, buffer, offset); + ByteVector chunk1 = ByteVector.fromArray(SPECIES_256, buffer, offset + 32); + + // string scanning + long backslash0 = chunk0.eq(BACKSLASH).toLong(); + long backslash1 = chunk1.eq(BACKSLASH).toLong(); + long backslash = backslash0 | (backslash1 << 32); + + long escaped; + if (backslash == 0) { + escaped = prevEscaped; + prevEscaped = 0; + } else { + backslash &= ~prevEscaped; + long followsEscape = backslash << 1 | prevEscaped; + long oddSequenceStarts = backslash & ODD_BITS_MASK & ~followsEscape; + + long sequencesStartingOnEvenBits = oddSequenceStarts + backslash; + // Here, we check if the unsigned addition above caused an overflow. If that's the case, we store 1 in prevEscaped. + // The formula used to detect overflow was taken from 'Hacker's Delight, Second Edition' by Henry S. Warren, Jr., + // Chapter 2-13. + prevEscaped = ((oddSequenceStarts >>> 1) + (backslash >>> 1) + ((oddSequenceStarts & backslash) & 1)) >>> 63; + + long invertMask = sequencesStartingOnEvenBits << 1; + escaped = (EVEN_BITS_MASK ^ invertMask) & followsEscape; + } + + long unescaped0 = chunk0.compare(UNSIGNED_LE, LAST_CONTROL_CHARACTER).toLong(); + long unescaped1 = chunk1.compare(UNSIGNED_LE, LAST_CONTROL_CHARACTER).toLong(); + long unescaped = unescaped0 | (unescaped1 << 32); + + long quote0 = chunk0.eq(QUOTE).toLong(); + long quote1 = chunk1.eq(QUOTE).toLong(); + long quote = (quote0 | (quote1 << 32)) & ~escaped; + + long inString = prefixXor(quote) ^ prevInString; + prevInString = inString >> 63; + + // characters classification + VectorShuffle chunk0Low = chunk0.and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK).toShuffle(); + VectorShuffle chunk1Low = chunk1.and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK).toShuffle(); + + long whitespace0 = chunk0.eq(WHITESPACE_TABLE.rearrange(chunk0Low)).toLong(); + long whitespace1 = chunk1.eq(WHITESPACE_TABLE.rearrange(chunk1Low)).toLong(); + long whitespace = whitespace0 | (whitespace1 << 32); + + ByteVector curlified0 = chunk0.or((byte) 0x20); + ByteVector curlified1 = chunk1.or((byte) 0x20); + long op0 = curlified0.eq(OP_TABLE.rearrange(chunk0Low)).toLong(); + long op1 = curlified1.eq(OP_TABLE.rearrange(chunk1Low)).toLong(); + long op = op0 | (op1 << 32); + + // finish + long scalar = ~(op | whitespace); + long nonQuoteScalar = scalar & ~quote; + long followsNonQuoteScalar = nonQuoteScalar << 1 | prevScalar; + prevScalar = nonQuoteScalar >>> 63; + long potentialScalarStart = scalar & ~followsNonQuoteScalar; + long potentialStructuralStart = op | potentialScalarStart; + bitIndexes.write(blockIndex, prevStructurals); + blockIndex += STEP_SIZE; + prevStructurals = potentialStructuralStart & ~(inString ^ quote); + unescapedCharsError |= unescaped & inString; + } + + byte[] remainder = remainder(buffer, length, blockIndex); + ByteVector chunk0 = ByteVector.fromArray(SPECIES_256, remainder, 0); + ByteVector chunk1 = ByteVector.fromArray(SPECIES_256, remainder, 32); + + // string scanning + long backslash0 = chunk0.eq(BACKSLASH).toLong(); + long backslash1 = chunk1.eq(BACKSLASH).toLong(); + long backslash = backslash0 | (backslash1 << 32); + + long escaped; + if (backslash == 0) { + escaped = prevEscaped; + } else { + backslash &= ~prevEscaped; + long followsEscape = backslash << 1 | prevEscaped; + long oddSequenceStarts = backslash & ODD_BITS_MASK & ~followsEscape; + + long sequencesStartingOnEvenBits = oddSequenceStarts + backslash; + long invertMask = sequencesStartingOnEvenBits << 1; + escaped = (EVEN_BITS_MASK ^ invertMask) & followsEscape; + } + + long unescaped0 = chunk0.compare(UNSIGNED_LE, LAST_CONTROL_CHARACTER).toLong(); + long unescaped1 = chunk1.compare(UNSIGNED_LE, LAST_CONTROL_CHARACTER).toLong(); + long unescaped = unescaped0 | (unescaped1 << 32); + + long quote0 = chunk0.eq(QUOTE).toLong(); + long quote1 = chunk1.eq(QUOTE).toLong(); + long quote = (quote0 | (quote1 << 32)) & ~escaped; + + long inString = prefixXor(quote) ^ prevInString; + prevInString = inString >> 63; + + // characters classification + VectorShuffle chunk0Low = chunk0.and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK).toShuffle(); + VectorShuffle chunk1Low = chunk1.and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK).toShuffle(); - private void finishStep(JsonCharacterBlock characters, JsonStringBlock strings, long unescaped, int blockIndex) { - long scalar = characters.scalar(); - long nonQuoteScalar = scalar & ~strings.quote(); + long whitespace0 = chunk0.eq(WHITESPACE_TABLE.rearrange(chunk0Low)).toLong(); + long whitespace1 = chunk1.eq(WHITESPACE_TABLE.rearrange(chunk1Low)).toLong(); + long whitespace = whitespace0 | (whitespace1 << 32); + + ByteVector curlified0 = chunk0.or((byte) 0x20); + ByteVector curlified1 = chunk1.or((byte) 0x20); + long op0 = curlified0.eq(OP_TABLE.rearrange(chunk0Low)).toLong(); + long op1 = curlified1.eq(OP_TABLE.rearrange(chunk1Low)).toLong(); + long op = op0 | (op1 << 32); + + // finish + long scalar = ~(op | whitespace); + long nonQuoteScalar = scalar & ~quote; long followsNonQuoteScalar = nonQuoteScalar << 1 | prevScalar; - prevScalar = nonQuoteScalar >>> 63; long potentialScalarStart = scalar & ~followsNonQuoteScalar; - long potentialStructuralStart = characters.op() | potentialScalarStart; + long potentialStructuralStart = op | potentialScalarStart; + bitIndexes.write(blockIndex, prevStructurals); + blockIndex += STEP_SIZE; + prevStructurals = potentialStructuralStart & ~(inString ^ quote); + unescapedCharsError |= unescaped & inString; bitIndexes.write(blockIndex, prevStructurals); - prevStructurals = potentialStructuralStart & ~strings.stringTail(); - unescapedCharsError |= strings.nonQuoteInsideString(unescaped); + bitIndexes.finish(); + if (prevInString != 0) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Unclosed string. A string is opened, but never closed."); + } + if (unescapedCharsError != 0) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Unescaped characters. Within strings, there are characters that should be escaped."); + } } - private long lteq(ByteVector chunk0, byte scalar) { - return chunk0.compare(UNSIGNED_LE, scalar).toLong(); - } + private void index512(byte[] buffer, int length) { + long prevInString = 0; + long prevEscaped = 0; + long prevStructurals = 0; + long unescapedCharsError = 0; + long prevScalar = 0; - private long lteq(ByteVector chunk0, ByteVector chunk1, byte scalar) { - long r0 = chunk0.compare(UNSIGNED_LE, scalar).toLong(); - long r1 = chunk1.compare(UNSIGNED_LE, scalar).toLong(); - return r0 | (r1 << 32); - } + int loopBound = SPECIES_512.loopBound(length); + int offset = 0; + int blockIndex = 0; + for (; offset < loopBound; offset += STEP_SIZE) { + ByteVector chunk = ByteVector.fromArray(SPECIES_512, buffer, offset); + + // string scanning + long backslash = chunk.eq(BACKSLASH).toLong(); + + long escaped; + if (backslash == 0) { + escaped = prevEscaped; + prevEscaped = 0; + } else { + backslash &= ~prevEscaped; + long followsEscape = backslash << 1 | prevEscaped; + long oddSequenceStarts = backslash & ODD_BITS_MASK & ~followsEscape; + + long sequencesStartingOnEvenBits = oddSequenceStarts + backslash; + // Here, we check if the unsigned addition above caused an overflow. If that's the case, we store 1 in prevEscaped. + // The formula used to detect overflow was taken from 'Hacker's Delight, Second Edition' by Henry S. Warren, Jr., + // Chapter 2-13. + prevEscaped = ((oddSequenceStarts >>> 1) + (backslash >>> 1) + ((oddSequenceStarts & backslash) & 1)) >>> 63; + + long invertMask = sequencesStartingOnEvenBits << 1; + escaped = (EVEN_BITS_MASK ^ invertMask) & followsEscape; + } + + long unescaped = chunk.compare(UNSIGNED_LE, LAST_CONTROL_CHARACTER).toLong(); + long quote = chunk.eq(QUOTE).toLong() & ~escaped; + long inString = prefixXor(quote) ^ prevInString; + prevInString = inString >> 63; + + // characters classification + VectorShuffle chunkLow = chunk.and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK).toShuffle(); + long whitespace = chunk.eq(WHITESPACE_TABLE.rearrange(chunkLow)).toLong(); + ByteVector curlified = chunk.or((byte) 0x20); + long op = curlified.eq(OP_TABLE.rearrange(chunkLow)).toLong(); - void finish(int blockIndex) { + // finish + long scalar = ~(op | whitespace); + long nonQuoteScalar = scalar & ~quote; + long followsNonQuoteScalar = nonQuoteScalar << 1 | prevScalar; + prevScalar = nonQuoteScalar >>> 63; + long potentialScalarStart = scalar & ~followsNonQuoteScalar; + long potentialStructuralStart = op | potentialScalarStart; + bitIndexes.write(blockIndex, prevStructurals); + blockIndex += STEP_SIZE; + prevStructurals = potentialStructuralStart & ~(inString ^ quote); + unescapedCharsError |= unescaped & inString; + } + + byte[] remainder = remainder(buffer, length, blockIndex); + ByteVector chunk = ByteVector.fromArray(SPECIES_512, remainder, 0); + + // string scanning + long backslash = chunk.eq(BACKSLASH).toLong(); + + long escaped; + if (backslash == 0) { + escaped = prevEscaped; + } else { + backslash &= ~prevEscaped; + long followsEscape = backslash << 1 | prevEscaped; + long oddSequenceStarts = backslash & ODD_BITS_MASK & ~followsEscape; + + long sequencesStartingOnEvenBits = oddSequenceStarts + backslash; + long invertMask = sequencesStartingOnEvenBits << 1; + escaped = (EVEN_BITS_MASK ^ invertMask) & followsEscape; + } + + long unescaped = chunk.compare(UNSIGNED_LE, LAST_CONTROL_CHARACTER).toLong(); + long quote = chunk.eq(QUOTE).toLong() & ~escaped; + long inString = prefixXor(quote) ^ prevInString; + prevInString = inString >> 63; + + // characters classification + VectorShuffle chunkLow = chunk.and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK).toShuffle(); + long whitespace = chunk.eq(WHITESPACE_TABLE.rearrange(chunkLow)).toLong(); + ByteVector curlified = chunk.or((byte) 0x20); + long op = curlified.eq(OP_TABLE.rearrange(chunkLow)).toLong(); + + // finish + long scalar = ~(op | whitespace); + long nonQuoteScalar = scalar & ~quote; + long followsNonQuoteScalar = nonQuoteScalar << 1 | prevScalar; + long potentialScalarStart = scalar & ~followsNonQuoteScalar; + long potentialStructuralStart = op | potentialScalarStart; + bitIndexes.write(blockIndex, prevStructurals); + blockIndex += STEP_SIZE; + prevStructurals = potentialStructuralStart & ~(inString ^ quote); + unescapedCharsError |= unescaped & inString; bitIndexes.write(blockIndex, prevStructurals); bitIndexes.finish(); - - stringScanner.finish(); + if (prevInString != 0) { + throw new JsonParsingException("Unclosed string. A string is opened, but never closed."); + } if (unescapedCharsError != 0) { throw new JsonParsingException("Unescaped characters. Within strings, there are characters that should be escaped."); } } - void reset() { - stringScanner.reset(); - prevStructurals = 0; - unescapedCharsError = 0; - prevScalar = 0; + private byte[] remainder(byte[] buffer, int length, int idx) { + System.arraycopy(LAST_BLOCK_SPACES, 0, lastBlock, 0, lastBlock.length); + System.arraycopy(buffer, idx, lastBlock, 0, length - idx); + return lastBlock; + } + + private static long prefixXor(long bitmask) { + bitmask ^= bitmask << 1; + bitmask ^= bitmask << 2; + bitmask ^= bitmask << 4; + bitmask ^= bitmask << 8; + bitmask ^= bitmask << 16; + bitmask ^= bitmask << 32; + return bitmask; } } diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/Utf8Validator.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/Utf8Validator.java index e4d9c63..7645fd1 100644 --- a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/Utf8Validator.java +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/Utf8Validator.java @@ -1,261 +1,250 @@ package org.simdjson; -import jdk.incubator.vector.*; +import jdk.incubator.vector.ByteVector; +import jdk.incubator.vector.IntVector; +import jdk.incubator.vector.VectorMask; +import jdk.incubator.vector.VectorShuffle; import java.util.Arrays; -class Utf8Validator { +import static jdk.incubator.vector.VectorOperators.EQ; +import static jdk.incubator.vector.VectorOperators.LSHL; +import static jdk.incubator.vector.VectorOperators.LSHR; +import static jdk.incubator.vector.VectorOperators.NE; +import static jdk.incubator.vector.VectorOperators.UNSIGNED_GE; +import static jdk.incubator.vector.VectorOperators.UNSIGNED_GT; +import static jdk.incubator.vector.VectorShuffle.iota; +import static org.simdjson.VectorUtils.BYTE_SPECIES; +import static org.simdjson.VectorUtils.INT_SPECIES; - private static final VectorSpecies VECTOR_SPECIES = StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES; - private static final ByteVector INCOMPLETE_CHECK = getIncompleteCheck(); - private static final VectorShuffle SHIFT_FOUR_BYTES_FORWARD = VectorShuffle.iota(StructuralIndexer.INT_SPECIES, - StructuralIndexer.INT_SPECIES.elementSize() - 1, 1, true); - private static final ByteVector LOW_NIBBLE_MASK = ByteVector.broadcast(VECTOR_SPECIES, 0b0000_1111); - private static final ByteVector ALL_ASCII_MASK = ByteVector.broadcast(VECTOR_SPECIES, (byte) 0b1000_0000); +class Utf8Validator { - /** - * Validate the input bytes are valid UTF8 - * - * @param inputBytes the input bytes to validate - * @throws JsonParsingException if the input is not valid UTF8 - */ - static void validate(byte[] inputBytes) { + // Leading byte not followed by a continuation byte but by another leading or ASCII byte, e.g. 11______ 0_______, 11______ 11______ + private static final byte TOO_SHORT = 1; + // ASCII followed by continuation byte e.g. 01111111 10_000000. + private static final byte TOO_LONG = 1 << 1; + // Any 3-byte sequence that could be represented by a shorter sequence (any sequence smaller than 1110_0000 10_100000 10_000000). + private static final byte OVERLONG_3BYTE = 1 << 2; + // Any decoded code point greater than U+10FFFF. e.g. 11110_100 10_010000 10_000000 10_000000. + private static final byte TOO_LARGE = 1 << 3; + // Code points in the range of U+D800 - U+DFFF (inclusive) are the surrogates for UTF-16. + // These 2048 code points that are reserved for UTF-16 are disallowed in UTF-8, e.g. 1110_1101 10_100000 10_000000. + private static final byte SURROGATE = 1 << 4; + // First valid 2-byte sequence: 110_00010 10_000000. Anything smaller is considered overlong as it fits into a 1-byte sequence. + private static final byte OVERLONG_2BYTE = 1 << 5; + // Similar to TOO_LARGE, but for cases where the continuation byte's high nibble is 1000, e.g. 11110_101 10_000000 10_000000. + private static final byte TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1 << 6; + // Any decoded code point below above U+FFFF, e.g. 11110_000 10_000000 10_000000 10_000000. + private static final byte OVERLONG_4BYTE = 1 << 6; + // An example: 10_000000 10_000000. + private static final byte TWO_CONTINUATIONS = (byte) (1 << 7); + private static final byte MAX_2_LEADING_BYTE = (byte) 0b110_11111; + private static final byte MAX_3_LEADING_BYTE = (byte) 0b1110_1111; + private static final int TWO_BYTES_SIZE = Byte.SIZE * 2; + private static final int THREE_BYTES_SIZE = Byte.SIZE * 3; + private static final ByteVector BYTE_1_HIGH_LOOKUP = createByte1HighLookup(); + private static final ByteVector BYTE_1_LOW_LOOKUP = createByte1LowLookup(); + private static final ByteVector BYTE_2_HIGH_LOOKUP = createByte2HighLookup(); + private static final ByteVector INCOMPLETE_CHECK = createIncompleteCheck(); + private static final byte LOW_NIBBLE_MASK = 0b0000_1111; + private static final byte ALL_ASCII_MASK = (byte) 0b1000_0000; + private static final VectorShuffle FOUR_BYTES_FORWARD_SHIFT = iota(INT_SPECIES, INT_SPECIES.elementSize() - 1, 1, true); + private static final int STEP_SIZE = BYTE_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); + + static void validate(byte[] buffer, int length) { long previousIncomplete = 0; long errors = 0; int previousFourUtf8Bytes = 0; - int idx = 0; - for (; idx < VECTOR_SPECIES.loopBound(inputBytes.length); idx += VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()) { - ByteVector utf8Vector = ByteVector.fromArray(VECTOR_SPECIES, inputBytes, idx); - // ASCII fast path can bypass the checks that are only required for multibyte code points - if (isAscii(utf8Vector)) { + int loopBound = BYTE_SPECIES.loopBound(length); + int offset = 0; + for (; offset < loopBound; offset += STEP_SIZE) { + ByteVector chunk = ByteVector.fromArray(BYTE_SPECIES, buffer, offset); + IntVector chunkAsInts = chunk.reinterpretAsInts(); + // ASCII fast path can bypass the checks that are only required for multibyte code points. + if (chunk.and(ALL_ASCII_MASK).compare(EQ, 0).allTrue()) { errors |= previousIncomplete; } else { - previousIncomplete = isIncomplete(utf8Vector); - - var fourBytesPrevious = fourBytesPreviousSlice(utf8Vector, previousFourUtf8Bytes); - - ByteVector firstCheck = firstTwoByteSequenceCheck(utf8Vector.reinterpretAsInts(), fourBytesPrevious); - ByteVector secondCheck = lastTwoByteSequenceCheck(utf8Vector.reinterpretAsInts(), fourBytesPrevious, firstCheck); - - errors |= secondCheck.compare(VectorOperators.NE, 0).toLong(); + previousIncomplete = chunk.compare(UNSIGNED_GE, INCOMPLETE_CHECK).toLong(); + // Shift the input forward by four bytes to make space for the previous four bytes. + // The previous three bytes are required for validation, pulling in the last integer + // will give the previous four bytes. The switch to integer vectors is to allow for + // integer shifting instead of the more expensive shuffle / slice operations. + IntVector chunkWithPreviousFourBytes = chunkAsInts + .rearrange(FOUR_BYTES_FORWARD_SHIFT) + .withLane(0, previousFourUtf8Bytes); + // Shift the current input forward by one byte to include one byte from the previous chunk. + ByteVector previousOneByte = chunkAsInts + .lanewise(LSHL, Byte.SIZE) + .or(chunkWithPreviousFourBytes.lanewise(LSHR, THREE_BYTES_SIZE)) + .reinterpretAsBytes(); + ByteVector byte2HighNibbles = chunkAsInts.lanewise(LSHR, 4) + .reinterpretAsBytes() + .and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK); + ByteVector byte1HighNibbles = previousOneByte.reinterpretAsInts() + .lanewise(LSHR, 4) + .reinterpretAsBytes() + .and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK); + ByteVector byte1LowNibbles = previousOneByte.and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK); + ByteVector byte1HighState = byte1HighNibbles.selectFrom(BYTE_1_HIGH_LOOKUP); + ByteVector byte1LowState = byte1LowNibbles.selectFrom(BYTE_1_LOW_LOOKUP); + ByteVector byte2HighState = byte2HighNibbles.selectFrom(BYTE_2_HIGH_LOOKUP); + ByteVector firstCheck = byte1HighState.and(byte1LowState).and(byte2HighState); + // All remaining checks are for invalid 3 and 4-byte sequences, which either have too many + // continuation bytes or not enough. + ByteVector previousTwoBytes = chunkAsInts + .lanewise(LSHL, TWO_BYTES_SIZE) + .or(chunkWithPreviousFourBytes.lanewise(LSHR, TWO_BYTES_SIZE)) + .reinterpretAsBytes(); + // The minimum leading byte of 3-byte sequences is always greater than the maximum leading byte of 2-byte sequences. + VectorMask is3ByteLead = previousTwoBytes.compare(UNSIGNED_GT, MAX_2_LEADING_BYTE); + ByteVector previousThreeBytes = chunkAsInts + .lanewise(LSHL, THREE_BYTES_SIZE) + .or(chunkWithPreviousFourBytes.lanewise(LSHR, Byte.SIZE)) + .reinterpretAsBytes(); + // The minimum leading byte of 4-byte sequences is always greater than the maximum leading byte of 3-byte sequences. + VectorMask is4ByteLead = previousThreeBytes.compare(UNSIGNED_GT, MAX_3_LEADING_BYTE); + // The firstCheck vector contains 0x80 values on continuation byte indexes. + // The leading bytes of 3 and 4-byte sequences should match up with these indexes and zero them out. + ByteVector secondCheck = firstCheck.add((byte) 0x80, is3ByteLead.or(is4ByteLead)); + errors |= secondCheck.compare(NE, 0).toLong(); } - previousFourUtf8Bytes = utf8Vector.reinterpretAsInts().lane(StructuralIndexer.INT_SPECIES.length() - 1); + previousFourUtf8Bytes = chunkAsInts.lane(INT_SPECIES.length() - 1); } - // if the input file doesn't align with the vector width, pad the missing bytes with zero - VectorMask remainingBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.indexInRange(idx, inputBytes.length); - ByteVector lastVectorChunk = ByteVector.fromArray(VECTOR_SPECIES, inputBytes, idx, remainingBytes); - if (!isAscii(lastVectorChunk)) { - previousIncomplete = isIncomplete(lastVectorChunk); - - var fourBytesPrevious = fourBytesPreviousSlice(lastVectorChunk, previousFourUtf8Bytes); - - ByteVector firstCheck = firstTwoByteSequenceCheck(lastVectorChunk.reinterpretAsInts(), fourBytesPrevious); - ByteVector secondCheck = lastTwoByteSequenceCheck(lastVectorChunk.reinterpretAsInts(), fourBytesPrevious, firstCheck); - - errors |= secondCheck.compare(VectorOperators.NE, 0).toLong(); + // If the input file doesn't align with the vector width, pad the missing bytes with zeros. + VectorMask remainingBytes = BYTE_SPECIES.indexInRange(offset, length); + ByteVector chunk = ByteVector.fromArray(BYTE_SPECIES, buffer, offset, remainingBytes); + if (!chunk.and(ALL_ASCII_MASK).compare(EQ, 0).allTrue()) { + IntVector chunkAsInts = chunk.reinterpretAsInts(); + previousIncomplete = chunk.compare(UNSIGNED_GE, INCOMPLETE_CHECK).toLong(); + // Shift the input forward by four bytes to make space for the previous four bytes. + // The previous three bytes are required for validation, pulling in the last integer + // will give the previous four bytes. The switch to integer vectors is to allow for + // integer shifting instead of the more expensive shuffle / slice operations. + IntVector chunkWithPreviousFourBytes = chunkAsInts + .rearrange(FOUR_BYTES_FORWARD_SHIFT) + .withLane(0, previousFourUtf8Bytes); + // Shift the current input forward by one byte to include one byte from the previous chunk. + ByteVector previousOneByte = chunkAsInts + .lanewise(LSHL, Byte.SIZE) + .or(chunkWithPreviousFourBytes.lanewise(LSHR, THREE_BYTES_SIZE)) + .reinterpretAsBytes(); + ByteVector byte2HighNibbles = chunkAsInts.lanewise(LSHR, 4) + .reinterpretAsBytes() + .and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK); + ByteVector byte1HighNibbles = previousOneByte.reinterpretAsInts() + .lanewise(LSHR, 4) + .reinterpretAsBytes() + .and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK); + ByteVector byte1LowNibbles = previousOneByte.and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK); + ByteVector byte1HighState = byte1HighNibbles.selectFrom(BYTE_1_HIGH_LOOKUP); + ByteVector byte1LowState = byte1LowNibbles.selectFrom(BYTE_1_LOW_LOOKUP); + ByteVector byte2HighState = byte2HighNibbles.selectFrom(BYTE_2_HIGH_LOOKUP); + ByteVector firstCheck = byte1HighState.and(byte1LowState).and(byte2HighState); + // All remaining checks are for invalid 3 and 4-byte sequences, which either have too many + // continuation bytes or not enough. + ByteVector previousTwoBytes = chunkAsInts + .lanewise(LSHL, TWO_BYTES_SIZE) + .or(chunkWithPreviousFourBytes.lanewise(LSHR, TWO_BYTES_SIZE)) + .reinterpretAsBytes(); + // The minimum leading byte of 3-byte sequences is always greater than the maximum leading byte of 2-byte sequences. + VectorMask is3ByteLead = previousTwoBytes.compare(UNSIGNED_GT, MAX_2_LEADING_BYTE); + ByteVector previousThreeBytes = chunkAsInts + .lanewise(LSHL, THREE_BYTES_SIZE) + .or(chunkWithPreviousFourBytes.lanewise(LSHR, Byte.SIZE)) + .reinterpretAsBytes(); + // The minimum leading byte of 4-byte sequences is always greater than the maximum leading byte of 3-byte sequences. + VectorMask is4ByteLead = previousThreeBytes.compare(UNSIGNED_GT, MAX_3_LEADING_BYTE); + // The firstCheck vector contains 0x80 values on continuation byte indexes. + // The leading bytes of 3 and 4-byte sequences should match up with these indexes and zero them out. + ByteVector secondCheck = firstCheck.add((byte) 0x80, is3ByteLead.or(is4ByteLead)); + errors |= secondCheck.compare(NE, 0).toLong(); } if ((errors | previousIncomplete) != 0) { - throw new JsonParsingException("Invalid UTF8"); + throw new JsonParsingException("The input is not valid UTF-8"); } } - /* Shuffles the input forward by four bytes to make space for the previous four bytes. - The previous three bytes are required for validation, pulling in the last integer will give the previous four bytes. - The switch to integer vectors is to allow for integer shifting instead of the more expensive shuffle / slice operations */ - private static IntVector fourBytesPreviousSlice(ByteVector vectorChunk, int previousFourUtf8Bytes) { - return vectorChunk.reinterpretAsInts() - .rearrange(SHIFT_FOUR_BYTES_FORWARD) - .withLane(0, previousFourUtf8Bytes); - } - - // works similar to previousUtf8Vector.slice(VECTOR_SPECIES.length() - numOfBytesToInclude, utf8Vector) but without the performance cost - private static ByteVector previousVectorSlice(IntVector utf8Vector, IntVector fourBytesPrevious, int numOfPreviousBytes) { - return utf8Vector - .lanewise(VectorOperators.LSHL, Byte.SIZE * numOfPreviousBytes) - .or(fourBytesPrevious.lanewise(VectorOperators.LSHR, Byte.SIZE * (4 - numOfPreviousBytes))) - .reinterpretAsBytes(); - } - - private static ByteVector firstTwoByteSequenceCheck(IntVector utf8Vector, IntVector fourBytesPrevious) { - // shift the current input forward by 1 byte to include 1 byte from the previous input - var oneBytePrevious = previousVectorSlice(utf8Vector, fourBytesPrevious, 1); - - // high nibbles of the current input (e.g. 0xC3 >> 4 = 0xC) - ByteVector byte2HighNibbles = utf8Vector.lanewise(VectorOperators.LSHR, 4) - .reinterpretAsBytes().and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK); - - // high nibbles of the shifted input - ByteVector byte1HighNibbles = oneBytePrevious.reinterpretAsInts().lanewise(VectorOperators.LSHR, 4) - .reinterpretAsBytes().and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK); - - // low nibbles of the shifted input (e.g. 0xC3 & 0xF = 0x3) - ByteVector byte1LowNibbles = oneBytePrevious.and(LOW_NIBBLE_MASK); - - ByteVector byte1HighState = byte1HighNibbles.selectFrom(LookupTable.byte1High); - ByteVector byte1LowState = byte1LowNibbles.selectFrom(LookupTable.byte1Low); - ByteVector byte2HighState = byte2HighNibbles.selectFrom(LookupTable.byte2High); - - return byte1HighState.and(byte1LowState).and(byte2HighState); - } - - // All remaining checks are invalid 3–4 byte sequences, which either have too many continuations bytes or not enough - private static ByteVector lastTwoByteSequenceCheck(IntVector utf8Vector, IntVector fourBytesPrevious, ByteVector firstCheck) { - // the minimum 3byte lead - 1110_0000 is always greater than the max 2byte lead - 110_11111 - ByteVector twoBytesPrevious = previousVectorSlice(utf8Vector, fourBytesPrevious, 2); - VectorMask is3ByteLead = twoBytesPrevious.compare(VectorOperators.UNSIGNED_GT, (byte) 0b110_11111); - - // the minimum 4byte lead - 1111_0000 is always greater than the max 3byte lead - 1110_1111 - ByteVector threeBytesPrevious = previousVectorSlice(utf8Vector, fourBytesPrevious, 3); - VectorMask is4ByteLead = threeBytesPrevious.compare(VectorOperators.UNSIGNED_GT, (byte) 0b1110_1111); - - // the firstCheck vector contains 0x80 values on continuation byte indexes - // the 3/4 byte lead bytes should match up with these indexes and zero them out - return firstCheck.add((byte) 0x80, is3ByteLead.or(is4ByteLead)); - } - - /* checks that the previous vector isn't in an incomplete state. - Previous vector is in an incomplete state if the last byte is smaller than 0xC0, - or the second last byte is smaller than 0xE0, or the third last byte is smaller than 0xF0.*/ - private static ByteVector getIncompleteCheck() { - int vectorBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); - byte[] eofArray = new byte[vectorBytes]; + private static ByteVector createIncompleteCheck() { + // Previous vector is in an incomplete state if the last byte is smaller than 0xC0, + // or the second last byte is smaller than 0xE0, or the third last byte is smaller than 0xF0. + int vectorByteSize = BYTE_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); + byte[] eofArray = new byte[vectorByteSize]; Arrays.fill(eofArray, (byte) 255); - eofArray[vectorBytes - 3] = (byte) 0xF0; - eofArray[vectorBytes - 2] = (byte) 0xE0; - eofArray[vectorBytes - 1] = (byte) 0xC0; - return ByteVector.fromArray(VECTOR_SPECIES, eofArray, 0); + eofArray[vectorByteSize - 3] = (byte) 0xF0; + eofArray[vectorByteSize - 2] = (byte) 0xE0; + eofArray[vectorByteSize - 1] = (byte) 0xC0; + return ByteVector.fromArray(BYTE_SPECIES, eofArray, 0); } - private static long isIncomplete(ByteVector utf8Vector) { - return utf8Vector.compare(VectorOperators.UNSIGNED_GE, INCOMPLETE_CHECK).toLong(); + private static ByteVector createByte1HighLookup() { + byte[] byte1HighArray = new byte[]{ + // ASCII high nibble = 0000 -> 0111, ie 0 -> 7 index in lookup table + TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, + // Continuation high nibble = 1000 -> 1011 + TWO_CONTINUATIONS, TWO_CONTINUATIONS, TWO_CONTINUATIONS, TWO_CONTINUATIONS, + // Two byte lead high nibble = 1100 -> 1101 + TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2BYTE, TOO_SHORT, + // Three byte lead high nibble = 1110 + TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_3BYTE | SURROGATE, + // Four byte lead high nibble = 1111 + TOO_SHORT | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4BYTE + }; + return alignArrayToVector(byte1HighArray); } - // ASCII will never exceed 01111_1111 - private static boolean isAscii(ByteVector utf8Vector) { - return utf8Vector.and(ALL_ASCII_MASK).compare(VectorOperators.EQ, 0).allTrue(); + private static ByteVector createByte1LowLookup() { + final byte CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTINUATIONS; + byte[] byte1LowArray = new byte[]{ + // ASCII, two byte lead and three byte leading low nibble = 0000 -> 1111, + // Four byte lead low nibble = 0000 -> 0111. + // Continuation byte low nibble is inconsequential + // Low nibble does not affect the states TOO_SHORT, TOO_LONG, TWO_CONTINUATIONS, so they will + // be carried over regardless. + CARRY | OVERLONG_2BYTE | OVERLONG_3BYTE | OVERLONG_4BYTE, + // 0001 + CARRY | OVERLONG_2BYTE, + CARRY, + CARRY, + // 1111_0100 -> 1111 = TOO_LARGE range + CARRY | TOO_LARGE, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + // 1110_1101 + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | SURROGATE, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 + }; + return alignArrayToVector(byte1LowArray); } - private static class LookupTable { - /* Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte not followed by a continuation byte but by a lead/ASCII byte) - e.g. 11______ 0_______ - 11______ 11______ */ - static final byte TOO_SHORT = 1; - - /* Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation byte) - e.g. 01111111 10_000000 */ - static final byte TOO_LONG = 1 << 1; - - /* Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte - Any 3-byte sequence that could be represented by a shorter sequence - Which is any sequence smaller than 1110_0000 10_100000 10_000000 */ - static final byte OVERLONG_3BYTE = 1 << 2; - - /* Bit 3 = Too Large - Any decoded codepoint greater than U+10FFFF - e.g. 11110_100 10_010000 10_000000 10_000000 */ - static final byte TOO_LARGE = 1 << 3; - - /* Bit 4 = Surrogate - code points in the range of U+D800 - U+DFFF (inclusive) are the surrogates for UTF-16. - These 2048 code points that are reserved for UTF-16 are disallowed in UTF-8 - e.g. 1110_1101 10_100000 10_000000 */ - static final byte SURROGATE = 1 << 4; - - /* Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte - first valid two byte sequence: 110_00010 10_000000 - anything smaller is considered overlong as it would fit into a one byte sequence / ASCII */ - static final byte OVERLONG_2BYTE = 1 << 5; - - /* Bit 6 = Too Large 1000 - Similar to TOO_LARGE, but for cases where the continuation byte's high nibble is 1000 - e.g. 11110_101 10_000000 10_000000 */ - static final byte TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1 << 6; - - /* Bit 6 = Overlong 4-byte - Any decoded code point below above U+FFFF / 11110_000 10_001111 10_111111 10_111111 - e.g. 11110_000 10_000000 10_000000 10_000000 */ - static final byte OVERLONG_4BYTE = 1 << 6; - - /* Bit 7 = Two Continuations - e.g. 10_000000 10_000000 */ - static final byte TWO_CONTINUATIONS = (byte) (1 << 7); - - private final static ByteVector byte1High = getByte1HighLookup(); - private final static ByteVector byte1Low = getByte1LowLookup(); - private final static ByteVector byte2High = getByte2HighLookup(); - - private static ByteVector getByte1HighLookup() { - byte[] byte1HighArray = new byte[]{ - /* ASCII high nibble = 0000 -> 0111, ie 0 -> 7 index in lookup table */ - TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, - /* Continuation high nibble = 1000 -> 1011 */ - TWO_CONTINUATIONS, TWO_CONTINUATIONS, TWO_CONTINUATIONS, TWO_CONTINUATIONS, - /* Two byte lead high nibble = 1100 -> 1101 */ - TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2BYTE, TOO_SHORT, - /* Three byte lead high nibble = 1110 */ - TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_3BYTE | SURROGATE, - /* Four byte lead high nibble = 1111 */ - TOO_SHORT | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4BYTE - }; - - return alignArrayToVector(byte1HighArray); - } - - private static ByteVector alignArrayToVector(byte[] arrayValues) { - // pad array with zeroes to align up with vector size - byte[] alignedArray = new byte[VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()]; - System.arraycopy(arrayValues, 0, alignedArray, 0, arrayValues.length); - return ByteVector.fromArray(VECTOR_SPECIES, alignedArray, 0); - } - - private static ByteVector getByte1LowLookup() { - final byte CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTINUATIONS; - byte[] byte1LowArray = new byte[]{ - /* ASCII, two Byte lead and three byte lead low nibble = 0000 -> 1111, - * Four byte lead low nibble = 0000 -> 0111 - * Continuation byte low nibble is inconsequential - * Low nibble does not affect the states TOO_SHORT, TOO_LONG, TWO_CONTINUATIONS, so they will be carried over regardless */ - CARRY | OVERLONG_2BYTE | OVERLONG_3BYTE | OVERLONG_4BYTE, - // 0001 - CARRY | OVERLONG_2BYTE, - CARRY, - CARRY, - // 1111_0100 -> 1111 = TOO_LARGE range - CARRY | TOO_LARGE, - CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, - CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, - CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, - CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, - CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, - CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, - CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, - CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, - // 1110_1101 - CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | SURROGATE, - CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000, - CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 - }; - - return alignArrayToVector(byte1LowArray); - } - - private static ByteVector getByte2HighLookup() { - byte[] byte2HighArray = new byte[]{ - // ASCII high nibble = 0000 -> 0111, ie 0 -> 7 index in lookup table - TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, - // Continuation high nibble - 1000 -> 1011 - TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTINUATIONS | OVERLONG_2BYTE | OVERLONG_3BYTE | OVERLONG_4BYTE | TOO_LARGE_1000, - TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTINUATIONS | OVERLONG_2BYTE | OVERLONG_3BYTE | TOO_LARGE, - TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTINUATIONS | OVERLONG_2BYTE | SURROGATE | TOO_LARGE, - TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTINUATIONS | OVERLONG_2BYTE | SURROGATE | TOO_LARGE, - // 1100 -> 1111 = unexpected lead byte - TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT - }; + private static ByteVector createByte2HighLookup() { + byte[] byte2HighArray = new byte[]{ + // ASCII high nibble = 0000 -> 0111, ie 0 -> 7 index in lookup table + TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, + // Continuation high nibble - 1000 -> 1011 + TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTINUATIONS | OVERLONG_2BYTE | OVERLONG_3BYTE | OVERLONG_4BYTE | TOO_LARGE_1000, + TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTINUATIONS | OVERLONG_2BYTE | OVERLONG_3BYTE | TOO_LARGE, + TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTINUATIONS | OVERLONG_2BYTE | SURROGATE | TOO_LARGE, + TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTINUATIONS | OVERLONG_2BYTE | SURROGATE | TOO_LARGE, + // 1100 -> 1111 = unexpected leading byte + TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT + }; + return alignArrayToVector(byte2HighArray); + } - return alignArrayToVector(byte2HighArray); - } + private static ByteVector alignArrayToVector(byte[] arrayValues) { + // Pad array with zeroes to align up with vector size. + byte[] alignedArray = new byte[BYTE_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()]; + System.arraycopy(arrayValues, 0, alignedArray, 0, arrayValues.length); + return ByteVector.fromArray(BYTE_SPECIES, alignedArray, 0); } } diff --git a/src/main/java/org/simdjson/VectorUtils.java b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/VectorUtils.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a1ce8f --- /dev/null +++ b/src/main/java/org/simdjson/VectorUtils.java @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import jdk.incubator.vector.ByteVector; +import jdk.incubator.vector.IntVector; +import jdk.incubator.vector.VectorShape; +import jdk.incubator.vector.VectorSpecies; + +class VectorUtils { + + static final VectorSpecies INT_SPECIES; + static final VectorSpecies BYTE_SPECIES; + + static { + String species = System.getProperty("org.simdjson.species", "preferred"); + switch (species) { + case "preferred" -> { + BYTE_SPECIES = ByteVector.SPECIES_PREFERRED; + INT_SPECIES = IntVector.SPECIES_PREFERRED; + assertSupportForSpecies(BYTE_SPECIES); + assertSupportForSpecies(INT_SPECIES); + } + case "512" -> { + BYTE_SPECIES = ByteVector.SPECIES_512; + INT_SPECIES = IntVector.SPECIES_512; + } + case "256" -> { + BYTE_SPECIES = ByteVector.SPECIES_256; + INT_SPECIES = IntVector.SPECIES_256; + } + default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported vector species: " + species); + } + } + + private static void assertSupportForSpecies(VectorSpecies species) { + if (species.vectorShape() != VectorShape.S_256_BIT && species.vectorShape() != VectorShape.S_512_BIT) { + throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported vector species: " + species); + } + } + + static ByteVector repeat(byte[] array) { + int n = BYTE_SPECIES.vectorByteSize() / 4; + byte[] result = new byte[n * array.length]; + for (int dst = 0; dst < result.length; dst += array.length) { + System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, dst, array.length); + } + return ByteVector.fromArray(BYTE_SPECIES, result, 0); + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArrayParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArrayParsingTest.java index 5481569..ef738f2 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArrayParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArrayParsingTest.java @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.fail; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.toUtf8; import static org.simdjson.testutils.SimdJsonAssertions.assertThat; public class ArrayParsingTest { diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArraySchemaBasedParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArraySchemaBasedParsingTest.java index e743b87..28e1f1f 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArraySchemaBasedParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ArraySchemaBasedParsingTest.java @@ -21,9 +21,8 @@ import java.util.Set; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; import static org.simdjson.testutils.SimdJsonAssertions.assertThat; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.toUtf8; public class ArraySchemaBasedParsingTest { @@ -483,7 +482,7 @@ public void emptyJson() { public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength() { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("null")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3, Boolean[].class)); diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BenchmarkCorrectnessTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BenchmarkCorrectnessTest.java index 06a1719..4ab21f8 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BenchmarkCorrectnessTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BenchmarkCorrectnessTest.java @@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ import java.util.Set; import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.loadTestFile; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.loadTestFile; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.toUtf8PaddedWithSpaces; public class BenchmarkCorrectnessTest { @@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ public void numberParserTest(String input, Double expected) { // given Tape tape = new Tape(100); NumberParser numberParser = new NumberParser(); - byte[] numberUtf8Bytes = toUtf8(padWithSpaces(input)); + byte[] numberUtf8Bytes = toUtf8PaddedWithSpaces(input); // when numberParser.parseNumber(numberUtf8Bytes, 0, tape); diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BlockReaderTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BlockReaderTest.java deleted file mode 100644 index 1e587cf..0000000 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BlockReaderTest.java +++ /dev/null @@ -1,79 +0,0 @@ -package org.simdjson; - -import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; - -import java.util.Arrays; - -import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; - -public class BlockReaderTest { - - @Test - public void iterateOverEntireBuffer() { - // given - int stepSize = 64; - int fullBlockCount = 2; - byte[] buffer = new byte[fullBlockCount * stepSize + stepSize / 2]; - Arrays.fill(buffer, (byte) 'a'); - BlockReader reader = new BlockReader(stepSize); - reader.reset(buffer, buffer.length); - - // when / then - for (int i = 0; i < fullBlockCount; i++) { - assertThat(reader.hasFullBlock()).isTrue(); - assertThat(reader.getBlockIndex()).isEqualTo(i * stepSize); - reader.advance(); - assertThat(reader.getBlockIndex()).isEqualTo((i + 1) * stepSize); - } - assertThat(reader.hasFullBlock()).isFalse(); - byte[] remainder = reader.remainder(); - assertThat(remainder.length).isEqualTo(stepSize); - } - - @Test - public void lastBlockIsTreatedAsRemainder() { - // given - int stepSize = 64; - int blockCount = 2; - byte[] buffer = new byte[blockCount * stepSize]; - Arrays.fill(buffer, (byte) 'a'); - BlockReader reader = new BlockReader(stepSize); - reader.reset(buffer, buffer.length); - assertThat(reader.hasFullBlock()).isTrue(); - - // when - reader.advance(); - - // then - assertThat(reader.hasFullBlock()).isFalse(); - byte[] remainder = reader.remainder(); - assertThat(remainder.length).isEqualTo(stepSize); - for (int i = 0; i < remainder.length; i++) { - assertThat(remainder[i]).isEqualTo(buffer[i]); - } - } - - @Test - public void remainderShouldBeFilledWithSpaces() { - // given - int stepSize = 64; - byte[] buffer = new byte[stepSize / 2]; - Arrays.fill(buffer, (byte) 'a'); - BlockReader reader = new BlockReader(stepSize); - reader.reset(buffer, buffer.length); - assertThat(reader.hasFullBlock()).isFalse(); - - // when - byte[] remainder = reader.remainder(); - - // then - assertThat(remainder.length).isEqualTo(stepSize); - for (int i = 0; i < remainder.length; i++) { - if (i < buffer.length) { - assertThat(remainder[i]).isEqualTo(buffer[i]); - } else { - assertThat(remainder[i]).isEqualTo((byte) 0x20); - } - } - } -} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanParsingTest.java index 37979c5..47d4d9e 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanParsingTest.java @@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ import java.util.Iterator; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; import static org.simdjson.testutils.SimdJsonAssertions.assertThat; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.toUtf8; public class BooleanParsingTest { @@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ public void arrayOfBooleans() { public void passedLengthSmallerThanTrueLength() { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("true")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("true"); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3)); @@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ public void passedLengthSmallerThanTrueLength() { public void passedLengthSmallerThanFalseLength() { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("false")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("false"); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 4)); diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanSchemaBasedParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanSchemaBasedParsingTest.java index 353a73f..033f7cf 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanSchemaBasedParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/BooleanSchemaBasedParsingTest.java @@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.toUtf8; public class BooleanSchemaBasedParsingTest { @@ -552,7 +551,7 @@ public void emptyJson(Class expectedType) { public void passedLengthSmallerThanTrueLength(Class expectedType) { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("true")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("true"); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3, expectedType)); @@ -567,7 +566,7 @@ public void passedLengthSmallerThanTrueLength(Class expectedType) { public void passedLengthSmallerThanFalseLength(Class expectedType) { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("false")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("false"); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 4, expectedType)); @@ -581,7 +580,7 @@ public void passedLengthSmallerThanFalseLength(Class expectedType) { public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength() { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("null")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3, Boolean.class)); diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/CharactersClassifierTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/CharactersClassifierTest.java deleted file mode 100644 index ce5a369..0000000 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/CharactersClassifierTest.java +++ /dev/null @@ -1,70 +0,0 @@ -package org.simdjson; - -import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; - -import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8; -import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.chunk; - -public class CharactersClassifierTest { - - @Test - public void classifiesOperators() { - // given - CharactersClassifier classifier = new CharactersClassifier(); - String str = "a{bc}1:2,3[efg]aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"; - - // when - JsonCharacterBlock block = classify(classifier, str); - - // then - assertThat(block.op()).isEqualTo(0x4552); - assertThat(block.whitespace()).isEqualTo(0); - } - - @Test - public void classifiesControlCharactersAsOperators() { - // given - CharactersClassifier classifier = new CharactersClassifier(); - String str = new String(new byte[] { - 'a', 'a', 'a', 0x1a, 'a', 0x0c, 'a', 'a', // 0x1a = , 0x0c = - 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', - 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', - 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', - 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', - 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', - 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', - 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a' - }, UTF_8); - - // when - JsonCharacterBlock block = classify(classifier, str); - - // then - assertThat(block.op()).isEqualTo(0x28); - assertThat(block.whitespace()).isEqualTo(0); - } - - @Test - public void classifiesWhitespaces() { - // given - CharactersClassifier classifier = new CharactersClassifier(); - String str = "a bc\t1\n2\r3efgaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"; - - // when - JsonCharacterBlock block = classify(classifier, str); - - // then - assertThat(block.whitespace()).isEqualTo(0x152); - assertThat(block.op()).isEqualTo(0); - } - - private JsonCharacterBlock classify(CharactersClassifier classifier, String str) { - return switch (StructuralIndexer.N_CHUNKS) { - case 1 -> classifier.classify(chunk(str, 0)); - case 2 -> classifier.classify(chunk(str, 0), chunk(str, 1)); - default -> throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported chunk count: " + StructuralIndexer.N_CHUNKS); - }; - } - -} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/FloatingPointNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/FloatingPointNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java index 75cc6ae..0315055 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/FloatingPointNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/FloatingPointNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java @@ -32,8 +32,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.toUtf8; public class FloatingPointNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest { @@ -1271,7 +1270,7 @@ public void emptyJson(Class expectedType) { public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength(Class expectedType) { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("null")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3, expectedType)); @@ -1286,7 +1285,7 @@ public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength(Class expectedType) { public void passedLengthSmallerThanNumberLength(Class expectedType) { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("1.234")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("1.234"); // when Object value = parser.parse(json, 3, expectedType); diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/IntegralNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/IntegralNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java index 041c725..12e0fb1 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/IntegralNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/IntegralNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest.java @@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.toUtf8; public class IntegralNumberSchemaBasedParsingTest { @@ -753,7 +752,7 @@ public void emptyJson(Class expectedType) { public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength(Class expectedType) { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("null")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3, expectedType)); @@ -768,7 +767,7 @@ public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength(Class expectedType) { public void passedLengthSmallerThanNumberLength(Class expectedType) { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("1234")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("1234"); // when Object value = parser.parse(json, 2, expectedType); diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringScannerTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringScannerTest.java deleted file mode 100644 index 9c23440..0000000 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/JsonStringScannerTest.java +++ /dev/null @@ -1,141 +0,0 @@ -package org.simdjson; - -import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; -import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; -import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; - -import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.chunk; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; - -public class JsonStringScannerTest { - - @Test - public void testUnquotedString() { - // given - JsonStringScanner stringScanner = new JsonStringScanner(); - String str = padWithSpaces("abc 123"); - - // when - JsonStringBlock block = next(stringScanner, str); - - // then - assertThat(block.quote()).isEqualTo(0); - } - - @Test - public void testQuotedString() { - // given - JsonStringScanner stringScanner = new JsonStringScanner(); - String str = padWithSpaces("\"abc 123\""); - - // when - JsonStringBlock block = next(stringScanner, str); - - // then - assertThat(block.quote()).isEqualTo(0x101); - } - - @Test - public void testStartingQuotes() { - // given - JsonStringScanner stringScanner = new JsonStringScanner(); - String str = padWithSpaces("\"abc 123"); - - // when - JsonStringBlock block = next(stringScanner, str); - - // then - assertThat(block.quote()).isEqualTo(0x1); - } - - @Test - public void testQuotedStringSpanningMultipleBlocks() { - // given - JsonStringScanner stringScanner = new JsonStringScanner(); - String str0 = "abc \"a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9"; - String str1 = " c0 c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 c8 c9 d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d\" def"; - - // when - JsonStringBlock firstBlock = next(stringScanner, str0); - JsonStringBlock secondBlock = next(stringScanner, str1); - - // then - assertThat(firstBlock.quote()).isEqualTo(0x10); - assertThat(secondBlock.quote()).isEqualTo(0x800000000000000L); - } - - @ParameterizedTest - @ValueSource(strings = { - "abc \\\"123", // abc \"123 - "abc \\\\\\\"123" // abc \\\"123 - }) - public void testEscapedQuote(String str) { - // given - JsonStringScanner stringScanner = new JsonStringScanner(); - String padded = padWithSpaces(str); - - // when - JsonStringBlock block = next(stringScanner, padded); - - // then - assertThat(block.quote()).isEqualTo(0); - } - - @Test - public void testEscapedQuoteSpanningMultipleBlocks() { - // given - JsonStringScanner stringScanner = new JsonStringScanner(); - String str0 = "a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 c0 \\"; - String str1 = padWithSpaces("\"def"); - - // when - JsonStringBlock firstBlock = next(stringScanner, str0); - JsonStringBlock secondBlock = next(stringScanner, str1); - - // then - assertThat(firstBlock.quote()).isEqualTo(0); - assertThat(secondBlock.quote()).isEqualTo(0); - } - - @ParameterizedTest - @ValueSource(strings = { - "abc \\\\\"123", // abc \\"123 - "abc \\\\\\\\\"123" // abc \\\\"123 - }) - public void testUnescapedQuote(String str) { - // given - JsonStringScanner stringScanner = new JsonStringScanner(); - String padded = padWithSpaces(str); - - // when - JsonStringBlock block = next(stringScanner, padded); - - // then - assertThat(block.quote()).isEqualTo(0x1L << str.indexOf('"')); - } - - @Test - public void testUnescapedQuoteSpanningMultipleBlocks() { - // given - JsonStringScanner stringScanner = new JsonStringScanner(); - String str0 = padWithSpaces("a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 c0 \\"); - String str1 = padWithSpaces("\\\"abc"); - - // when - JsonStringBlock firstBlock = next(stringScanner, str0); - JsonStringBlock secondBlock = next(stringScanner, str1); - - // then - assertThat(firstBlock.quote()).isEqualTo(0); - assertThat(secondBlock.quote()).isEqualTo(0x2); - } - - private JsonStringBlock next(JsonStringScanner scanner, String str) { - return switch (StructuralIndexer.N_CHUNKS) { - case 1 -> scanner.next(chunk(str, 0)); - case 2 -> scanner.next(chunk(str, 0), chunk(str, 1)); - default -> throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported chunk count: " + StructuralIndexer.N_CHUNKS); - }; - } -} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/NullParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/NullParsingTest.java index cc2cbc4..2345f04 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/NullParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/NullParsingTest.java @@ -8,8 +8,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.toUtf8; public class NullParsingTest { @@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ public void arrayOfNulls() { public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength() { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("null")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3)); diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/NumberParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/NumberParsingTest.java index 1599add..2f7b64e 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/NumberParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/NumberParsingTest.java @@ -14,9 +14,8 @@ import java.util.Iterator; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; import static org.simdjson.testutils.SimdJsonAssertions.assertThat; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.toUtf8; public class NumberParsingTest { @@ -636,7 +635,7 @@ public void arrayOfNumbers() { public void passedLengthSmallerThanNumberLength() { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("1234")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("1234"); // when JsonValue value = parser.parse(json, 2); diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectParsingTest.java index 3aa94c7..76bd3a0 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectParsingTest.java @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import java.util.Map; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.toUtf8; import static org.simdjson.testutils.SimdJsonAssertions.assertThat; public class ObjectParsingTest { diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest.java index c19265c..071c77d 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest.java @@ -32,9 +32,8 @@ import java.util.List; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; import static org.simdjson.testutils.SimdJsonAssertions.assertThat; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.toUtf8; public class ObjectSchemaBasedParsingTest { @@ -595,7 +594,7 @@ public void emptyJson() { public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength() { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("null")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringParsingTest.java index 580a5a7..5d80fa1 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringParsingTest.java @@ -13,10 +13,9 @@ import static org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.loadTestFile; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; import static org.simdjson.testutils.SimdJsonAssertions.assertThat; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.loadTestFile; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.toUtf8; public class StringParsingTest { @@ -264,7 +263,7 @@ public void arrayOfStrings() { public void passedLengthSmallerThanStringLength() { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("\"aaaaa\"")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"aaaaa\""); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 6)); diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringSchemaBasedParsingTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringSchemaBasedParsingTest.java index 52ebcb0..7c771cd 100644 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringSchemaBasedParsingTest.java +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StringSchemaBasedParsingTest.java @@ -27,8 +27,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.padWithSpaces; -import static org.simdjson.TestUtils.toUtf8; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.toUtf8; public class StringSchemaBasedParsingTest { @@ -1331,7 +1330,7 @@ public void emptyJson(Class expectedType) { public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength(Class expectedType) { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("null")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("null"); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3, expectedType)); @@ -1345,7 +1344,7 @@ public void passedLengthSmallerThanNullLength(Class expectedType) { public void passedLengthSmallerThanStringLength() { // given SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - byte[] json = toUtf8(padWithSpaces("\"aaaaa\"")); + byte[] json = toUtf8("\"aaaaa\""); // when JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(json, 3, String.class)); diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexerTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexerTest.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d65792 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/StructuralIndexerTest.java @@ -0,0 +1,278 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; +import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; + +import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8; +import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.toUtf8; + +public class StructuralIndexerTest { + + @Test + public void unquotedString() { + // given + BitIndexes bitIndexes = new BitIndexes(1024); + StructuralIndexer indexer = new StructuralIndexer(bitIndexes); + String input = "abc 123"; + + // when + indexer.index(toUtf8(input), len(input)); + + // then + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isFalse(); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(0); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(4); + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isTrue(); + } + + @Test + public void quotedString() { + // given + BitIndexes bitIndexes = new BitIndexes(1024); + StructuralIndexer indexer = new StructuralIndexer(bitIndexes); + String input = "\"abc 123\""; + + // when + indexer.index(toUtf8(input), len(input)); + + // then + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isFalse(); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(0); + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isTrue(); + } + + @Test + public void unclosedString() { + // given + BitIndexes bitIndexes = new BitIndexes(1024); + StructuralIndexer indexer = new StructuralIndexer(bitIndexes); + String input = "\"abc 123"; + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> indexer.index(toUtf8(input), len(input)) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unclosed string. A string is opened, but never closed."); + } + + @Test + public void quotedStringSpanningMultipleBlocks() { + // given + BitIndexes bitIndexes = new BitIndexes(1024); + StructuralIndexer indexer = new StructuralIndexer(bitIndexes); + String input = "abc \"a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 c0 c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 c8 c9 d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d\" def"; + + // when + indexer.index(toUtf8(input), len(input)); + + // then + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isFalse(); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(0); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(4); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(125); + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isTrue(); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = { + "abc \\\"123", // abc \"123 + "abc \\\\\\\"123" // abc \\\"123 + }) + public void escapedQuote(String input) { + // given + BitIndexes bitIndexes = new BitIndexes(1024); + StructuralIndexer indexer = new StructuralIndexer(bitIndexes); + + // when + indexer.index(toUtf8(input), len(input)); + + // then + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isFalse(); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(0); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(4); + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isTrue(); + } + + @Test + public void escapedQuoteSpanningMultipleBlocks() { + // given + BitIndexes bitIndexes = new BitIndexes(1024); + StructuralIndexer indexer = new StructuralIndexer(bitIndexes); + String input = "a0ba1ca2ca3ca4ca5ca6ca7ca8ca9cb0cb1cb2cb3cb4cb5cb6cb7cb8cb9cc0 \\\"def"; + + // when + indexer.index(toUtf8(input), len(input)); + + // then + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isFalse(); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(0); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(63); + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isTrue(); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = { + "abc \\\\\"123", // abc \\"123 + "abc \\\\\\\\\"123" // abc \\\\"123 + }) + public void unescapedQuote(String input) { + // given + BitIndexes bitIndexes = new BitIndexes(1024); + StructuralIndexer indexer = new StructuralIndexer(bitIndexes); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> indexer.index(toUtf8(input), len(input)) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unclosed string. A string is opened, but never closed."); + } + + @Test + public void unescapedQuoteSpanningMultipleBlocks() { + // given + BitIndexes bitIndexes = new BitIndexes(1024); + StructuralIndexer indexer = new StructuralIndexer(bitIndexes); + String input = "a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 c0 \\\\\"abc"; + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows( + JsonParsingException.class, + () -> indexer.index(toUtf8(input), len(input)) + ); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("Unclosed string. A string is opened, but never closed."); + } + + @Test + public void operatorsClassification() { + // given + BitIndexes bitIndexes = new BitIndexes(1024); + StructuralIndexer indexer = new StructuralIndexer(bitIndexes); + String input = "a{bc}1:2,3[efg]aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"; + + // when + indexer.index(toUtf8(input), len(input)); + + // then + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isFalse(); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(0); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(1); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(2); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(4); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(5); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(6); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(7); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(8); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(9); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(10); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(11); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(14); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(15); + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isTrue(); + } + + @Test + public void controlCharactersClassification() { + // given + BitIndexes bitIndexes = new BitIndexes(1024); + StructuralIndexer indexer = new StructuralIndexer(bitIndexes); + byte[] input = new byte[] { + 'a', 'a', 'a', 0x1a, 'a', 0x0c, 'a', 'a', // 0x1a = , 0x0c = + 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', + 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', + 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', + 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', + 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', + 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', + 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a' + }; + + // when + indexer.index(input, input.length); + + // then + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isFalse(); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(0); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(3); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(4); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(5); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(6); + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isTrue(); + } + + @Test + public void whitespacesClassification() { + // given + BitIndexes bitIndexes = new BitIndexes(1024); + StructuralIndexer indexer = new StructuralIndexer(bitIndexes); + String input = "a bc\t1\n2\r3efgaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"; + + // when + indexer.index(toUtf8(input), len(input)); + + // then + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isFalse(); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(0); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(2); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(5); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(7); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(9); + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isTrue(); + } + + @ParameterizedTest + @ValueSource(strings = { + "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", // 120 bits + "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", // 128 bits + "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", // 136 bits + "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", // 248 bits + "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", // 256 bits + "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", // 264 bits + "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", // 504 bits + "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", // 512 bits + "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", // 520 bits + }) + public void inputLengthCloseToVectorWidth(String input) { + // given + BitIndexes bitIndexes = new BitIndexes(1024); + StructuralIndexer indexer = new StructuralIndexer(bitIndexes); + + // when + indexer.index(toUtf8(input), len(input)); + + // then + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isFalse(); + assertThat(bitIndexes.getAndAdvance()).isEqualTo(0); + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isTrue(); + } + + @Test + public void emptyInput() { + // given + BitIndexes bitIndexes = new BitIndexes(1024); + StructuralIndexer indexer = new StructuralIndexer(bitIndexes); + + // when + indexer.index(toUtf8(""), 0); + + // then + assertThat(bitIndexes.isEnd()).isTrue(); + } + + private static int len(String input) { + return input.getBytes(UTF_8).length; + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/TestUtils.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/TestUtils.java deleted file mode 100644 index 8d63221..0000000 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/TestUtils.java +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -package org.simdjson; - -import jdk.incubator.vector.ByteVector; - -import java.io.IOException; -import java.io.InputStream; -import java.util.Arrays; - -import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8; - -class TestUtils { - - static String padWithSpaces(String str) { - byte[] strBytes = toUtf8(str); - byte[] padded = new byte[strBytes.length + 64]; - Arrays.fill(padded, (byte) ' '); - System.arraycopy(strBytes, 0, padded, 0, strBytes.length); - return new String(padded, UTF_8); - } - - static ByteVector chunk(String str, int n) { - return ByteVector.fromArray(StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES, str.getBytes(UTF_8), n * StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); - } - - static byte[] toUtf8(String str) { - return str.getBytes(UTF_8); - } - - static byte[] loadTestFile(String name) throws IOException { - try (InputStream is = TestUtils.class.getResourceAsStream(name)) { - return is.readAllBytes(); - } - } -} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidationTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidationTest.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d89734e --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidationTest.java @@ -0,0 +1,449 @@ +package org.simdjson; + +import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; +import org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils; + +import java.io.IOException; +import java.util.List; + +import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat; +import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatCode; +import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.TestUtils.toHexString; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.Utf8TestData.randomUtf8ByteArray; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.Utf8TestData.randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.Utf8TestData.randomUtf8ByteArrayEndedWith; +import static org.simdjson.testutils.Utf8TestData.utf8Sequences; + +public class Utf8ValidationTest { + + @Test + public void valid() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArray(); + + try { + // when + parser.parse(input, input.length); + } catch (JsonParsingException ex) { + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessageNotContaining("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + } + + @Test + public void invalidAscii() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + for (int invalidAsciiByte = 128; invalidAsciiByte <= 255; invalidAsciiByte++) { + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding((byte) invalidAsciiByte); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + } + + @Test + public void continuationByteWithoutPrecedingLeadingByte() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + for (int continuationByte = 0b10_000000; continuationByte <= 0b10_111111; continuationByte++) { + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding((byte) continuationByte); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + } + + @Test + public void twoByteSequenceWithTwoContinuationBytes() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding( + (byte) 0b110_00010, + (byte) 0b10_000000, + (byte) 0b10_000000 + ); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + + @Test + public void twoByteSequenceWithoutContinuationBytes() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding((byte) 0b110_00010); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + + @Test + public void twoByteSequenceWithoutContinuationBytesAtTheEnd() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayEndedWith((byte) 0b110_00010); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + + @Test + public void threeByteSequenceWithThreeContinuationBytes() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding( + (byte) 0b1110_0000, + (byte) 0b10_100000, + (byte) 0b10_000000, + (byte) 0b10_000000 + ); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + + @Test + public void threeByteSequenceWithOneContinuationByte() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding( + (byte) 0b1110_0000, + (byte) 0b10_100000 + ); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + + @Test + public void threeByteSequenceWithoutContinuationBytes() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding((byte) 0b1110_0000); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + + @Test + public void threeByteSequenceWithOneContinuationByteAtTheEnd() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayEndedWith( + (byte) 0b1110_0000, + (byte) 0b10_100000 + ); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + + @Test + public void threeByteSequenceWithoutContinuationBytesAtTheEnd() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayEndedWith((byte) 0b1110_0000); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + + @Test + public void fourByteSequenceWithFourContinuationBytes() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding( + (byte) 0b11110_000, + (byte) 0b10_010000, + (byte) 0b10_000000, + (byte) 0b10_000000, + (byte) 0b10_000000 + ); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + + @Test + public void fourByteSequenceWithTwoContinuationBytes() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding( + (byte) 0b11110_000, + (byte) 0b10_010000, + (byte) 0b10_000000 + ); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + + @Test + public void fourByteSequenceWithOneContinuationByte() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding( + (byte) 0b11110_000, + (byte) 0b10_010000 + ); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + + @Test + public void fourByteSequenceWithoutContinuationBytes() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding((byte) 0b11110_000); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + + @Test + public void fourByteSequenceWithTwoContinuationBytesAtTheEnd() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayEndedWith( + (byte) 0b11110_000, + (byte) 0b10_010000, + (byte) 0b10_000000 + ); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + + @Test + public void fourByteSequenceWithOneContinuationByteAtTheEnd() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayEndedWith( + (byte) 0b11110_000, + (byte) 0b10_010000 + ); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + + @Test + public void fourByteSequenceWithoutContinuationBytesAtTheEnd() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayEndedWith((byte) 0b11110_000); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for input: %s.", toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + + @Test + public void overlongTwoByteSequence() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List sequences = utf8Sequences(0x0000, 0x007F, 2); + + for (byte[] sequence : sequences) { + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding(sequence); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for sequence: %s and input: %s.", toHexString(sequence), toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + } + + @Test + public void overlongThreeByteSequence() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List sequences = utf8Sequences(0x0000, 0x07FF, 3); + + for (byte[] sequence : sequences) { + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding(sequence); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for sequence: %s and input: %s.", toHexString(sequence), toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + } + + @Test + public void surrogateCodePoints() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List sequences = utf8Sequences(0xD800, 0xDFFF, 3); + + for (byte[] sequence : sequences) { + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding(sequence); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for sequence: %s and input: %s.", toHexString(sequence), toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + } + + @Test + public void overlongFourByteSequence() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List sequences = utf8Sequences(0x0000, 0xFFFF, 4); + + for (byte[] sequence : sequences) { + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding(sequence); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for sequence: %s and input: %s.", toHexString(sequence), toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + } + + @Test + public void tooLargeFourByteSequence() { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + List sequences = utf8Sequences(0x110000, 0x110400, 4); + + for (byte[] sequence : sequences) { + byte[] input = randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding(sequence); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .overridingErrorMessage("Failed for sequence: %s and input: %s.", toHexString(sequence), toHexString(input)) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } + } + + @Test + public void validTestFile() throws IOException { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = TestUtils.loadTestFile("/nhkworld.json"); + + // when / then + assertThatCode(() -> parser.parse(input, input.length)).doesNotThrowAnyException(); + } + + @Test + public void invalidTestFile() throws IOException { + // given + SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); + byte[] input = TestUtils.loadTestFile("/malformed.txt"); + + // when + JsonParsingException ex = assertThrows(JsonParsingException.class, () -> parser.parse(input, input.length)); + + // then + assertThat(ex) + .hasMessage("The input is not valid UTF-8"); + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorTest.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorTest.java deleted file mode 100644 index 995323b..0000000 --- a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/Utf8ValidatorTest.java +++ /dev/null @@ -1,496 +0,0 @@ -package org.simdjson; - -import jdk.incubator.vector.VectorSpecies; -import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; -import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest; -import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource; - -import java.io.IOException; -import java.util.Arrays; - -import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*; - -class Utf8ValidatorTest { - private static final VectorSpecies VECTOR_SPECIES = StructuralIndexer.BYTE_SPECIES; - - - /* ASCII / 1 BYTE TESTS */ - - @Test - void validate_allEightBitValues_invalidAscii() { - byte[] invalidAscii = new byte[128]; - - int index = 0; - for (int eightBitVal = 255; eightBitVal >= 128; eightBitVal--) { - invalidAscii[index++] = (byte) eightBitVal; - } - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - for (int i = 0; i < 128; i += VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()) { - byte[] vectorChunk = Arrays.copyOfRange(invalidAscii, i, i + VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); - - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(vectorChunk, vectorChunk.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - } - - - /* CONTINUATION BYTE TESTS */ - - // continuation byte is never valid without a preceding leader byte - @Test - void validate_continuationByteOutOfOrder_invalid() { - byte minContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_000000; - byte maxContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_111111; - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[64]; - int index = 0; - - byte continuationByte = minContinuationByte; - while (continuationByte <= maxContinuationByte) { - inputBytes[index++] = continuationByte; - continuationByte++; - } - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - for (int i = 0; i < inputBytes.length; i += VECTOR_SPECIES.length()) { - byte[] vectorChunk = Arrays.copyOfRange(inputBytes, i, i + VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); - - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(vectorChunk, vectorChunk.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - } - - @Test - void validate_extraContinuationByte_2Byte_invalid() { - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[3]; - inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b110_00010; - inputBytes[1] = (byte) 0b10_000000; - inputBytes[2] = (byte) 0b10_000000; // two byte lead should only have one continuation byte - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - - @Test - void validate_continuationOneByteTooShort_2Byte_invalid() { - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[1]; - inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b110_00010; - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - - @Test - void validate_extraContinuationByte_3Byte_invalid() { - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[4]; - inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b1110_0000; - inputBytes[1] = (byte) 0b10_100000; - inputBytes[2] = (byte) 0b10_000000; - inputBytes[3] = (byte) 0b10_000000; // three byte lead should only have two continuation bytes - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - - @Test - void validate_continuationOneByteTooShort_3Byte_invalid() { - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[2]; - inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b1110_0000; - inputBytes[1] = (byte) 0b10_100000; - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - - @Test - void validate_continuationTwoBytesTooShort_3Byte_invalid() { - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[1]; - inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b1110_0000; - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - - @Test - void validate_extraContinuationByte_4Byte_invalid() { - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[5]; - inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b11110_000; - inputBytes[1] = (byte) 0b10_010000; - inputBytes[2] = (byte) 0b10_000000; - inputBytes[3] = (byte) 0b10_000000; - inputBytes[4] = (byte) 0b10_000000; // four byte lead should only have three continuation bytes - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - - @Test - void validate_continuationOneByteTooShort_4Byte_invalid() { - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[3]; - inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b11110_000; - inputBytes[1] = (byte) 0b10_010000; - inputBytes[2] = (byte) 0b10_000000; - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - - @Test - void validate_continuationTwoBytesTooShort_4Byte_invalid() { - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[2]; - inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b11110_000; - inputBytes[1] = (byte) 0b10_010000; - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - - @Test - void validate_continuationThreeBytesTooShort_4Byte_invalid() { - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[1]; - inputBytes[0] = (byte) 0b11110_000; - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - - - /* 2 BYTE / LATIN TESTS */ - - @Test - void validate_overlong_2byte_invalid() { - byte minLeaderByte = (byte) 0b110_00000; - byte maxLeaderByte = (byte) 0b110_00001; - byte minContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_000000; - byte maxContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_111111; - - /* 7 bit code points in 2 byte utf8 is invalid - 2 to the power of 7 = 128 code points * 2 bytes = 256 bytes */ - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[256]; - int index = 0; - - byte leaderByte = minLeaderByte; - byte continuationByte = minContinuationByte; - while (leaderByte <= maxLeaderByte) { - inputBytes[index++] = leaderByte; - inputBytes[index++] = continuationByte; - if (continuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { - leaderByte++; - continuationByte = minContinuationByte; - } else { - continuationByte++; - } - } - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - for (int i = 0; i < inputBytes.length; i += VECTOR_SPECIES.length()) { - byte[] vectorChunk = Arrays.copyOfRange(inputBytes, i, i + VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); - - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(vectorChunk, vectorChunk.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - } - - - /* 3 BYTE / Asiatic TESTS */ - - /* first valid three byte character: 1110_0000 10_100000 10_000000 - anything smaller is invalid as it would fit into 11 bits (two byte utf8) */ - @Test - void validate_overlong_3Byte_allInvalid() { - byte minLeaderByte = (byte) 0b1110_0000; - byte firstValidContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_100000; - byte minContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_000000; - byte maxContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_111111; - - // 2 to the power of 11 = 2048 code points * 3 bytes = 6144 - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[6144]; - int index = 0; - - byte firstContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; - byte secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; - while (firstContinuationByte < firstValidContinuationByte) { - inputBytes[index++] = minLeaderByte; - inputBytes[index++] = firstContinuationByte; - inputBytes[index++] = secondContinuationByte; - - if (secondContinuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { - secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; - firstContinuationByte++; - } else { - secondContinuationByte++; - } - } - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - for (int i = 0; i < inputBytes.length; i += VECTOR_SPECIES.length()) { - byte[] vectorChunk = Arrays.copyOfRange(inputBytes, i, i + VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); - - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(vectorChunk, vectorChunk.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - } - - /* code points in the range of U+D800 - U+DFFF (inclusive) are the surrogates for UTF-16. - These 2048 code points that are reserved for UTF-16 are disallowed in UTF-8 - 1101 1000 0000 0000 -> 1101 1111 1111 1111 */ - @Test - void validate_surrogateCodePoints_invalid() { - final byte leaderByte = (byte) 0b1101_1110; - final byte minContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_000000; - final byte maxContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_111111; - final byte minFirstContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_100000; - - byte firstContinuationByte = minFirstContinuationByte; - byte secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; - - // 2048 invalid code points * 3 bytes = 6144 bytes - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[6144]; - int index = 0; - - while (firstContinuationByte <= maxContinuationByte) { - inputBytes[index++] = leaderByte; - inputBytes[index++] = firstContinuationByte; - inputBytes[index++] = secondContinuationByte; - - if (secondContinuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { - firstContinuationByte++; - secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; - } else { - secondContinuationByte++; - } - } - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - for (int i = 0; i < inputBytes.length; i += VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()) { - byte[] vectorChunk = Arrays.copyOfRange(inputBytes, i, i + VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); - - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(vectorChunk, vectorChunk.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - } - - - /* 4 BYTE / Supplementary TESTS */ - - /* Overlong Test, the decoded character must be above U+FFFF / 11110_000 10_001111 10_111111 10_111111 */ - @Test - void validate_overlong_4Byte_allInvalid() { - byte leaderByte = (byte) 0b11110_000; - byte minContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_000000; - byte maxContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_111111; - byte maxFirstContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_001111; - - // 2 to the power of 16 = 65536 valid code points * 4 bytes = 262144 bytes - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[262144]; - int index = 0; - - byte firstContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; - byte secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; - byte thirdContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; - while (firstContinuationByte <= maxFirstContinuationByte) { - inputBytes[index++] = leaderByte; - inputBytes[index++] = firstContinuationByte; - inputBytes[index++] = secondContinuationByte; - inputBytes[index++] = thirdContinuationByte; - - if (thirdContinuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { - if (secondContinuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { - firstContinuationByte++; - secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; - } else { - secondContinuationByte++; - } - thirdContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; - } else { - thirdContinuationByte++; - } - } - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - for (int i = 0; i < inputBytes.length; i += VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()) { - byte[] vectorChunk = Arrays.copyOfRange(inputBytes, i, i + VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); - - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(vectorChunk, vectorChunk.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - } - - /* last valid four byte character: 11110_100 10_001111 10_111111 10_111111 - Any code point greater than U+10FFFF will result in a TOO_LARGE error */ - @Test - void validate_tooLarge_4Byte_allInvalid() { - byte minLeaderByte = (byte) 0b11110_100; - byte maxLeaderByte = (byte) 0b11111_111; - byte minContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_000000; - byte maxContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_111111; - byte minFirstContinuationByte = (byte) 0b10_010000; - - - byte leaderByte = minLeaderByte; - byte firstContinuationByte = minFirstContinuationByte; - byte secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; - byte thirdContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; - - int codePoints = 0x3FFFFF - 0x110000 + 1; - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[codePoints * 4]; - int index = 0; - - while (leaderByte <= maxLeaderByte) { - inputBytes[index++] = leaderByte; - inputBytes[index++] = firstContinuationByte; - inputBytes[index++] = secondContinuationByte; - inputBytes[index++] = thirdContinuationByte; - - if (thirdContinuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { - if (secondContinuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { - if (firstContinuationByte == maxContinuationByte) { - leaderByte++; - firstContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; - } else { - firstContinuationByte++; - } - secondContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; - } else { - secondContinuationByte++; - } - thirdContinuationByte = minContinuationByte; - } else { - thirdContinuationByte++; - } - } - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - for (int i = 0; i < inputBytes.length; i += VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()) { - byte[] vectorChunk = Arrays.copyOfRange(inputBytes, i, i + VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize()); - - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(vectorChunk, vectorChunk.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - } - - /* check that the data stream does not terminate with an incomplete code point - We just have to check that the last byte in the last vector is strictly smaller than 0xC0 (using an unsigned comparison) - that the second last byte is strictly smaller than 0xE0 - the third last byte is strictly smaller than 0xF0 */ - @Test - void validate_continuationOneByteTooShort_2Byte_eof_invalid() { - int vectorBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[vectorBytes]; - inputBytes[vectorBytes - 1] = (byte) 0b110_00010; - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - - @Test - void validate_continuationOneByteTooShort_3Byte_eof_invalid() { - int vectorBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[vectorBytes]; - inputBytes[vectorBytes - 2] = (byte) 0b1110_0000; - inputBytes[vectorBytes - 1] = (byte) 0b10_100000; - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - - @Test - void validate_continuationTwoBytesTooShort_3Byte_eof_invalid() { - int vectorBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[vectorBytes]; - inputBytes[vectorBytes - 1] = (byte) 0b1110_0000; - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - - @Test - void validate_continuationOneByteTooShort_4Byte_eof_invalid() { - int vectorBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[vectorBytes]; - inputBytes[vectorBytes - 3] = (byte) 0b11110_000; - inputBytes[vectorBytes - 2] = (byte) 0b10_010000; - inputBytes[vectorBytes - 1] = (byte) 0b10_000000; - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - - @Test - void validate_continuationTwoBytesTooShort_4Byte_eof_invalid() { - int vectorBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[vectorBytes]; - inputBytes[vectorBytes - 2] = (byte) 0b11110_000; - inputBytes[vectorBytes - 1] = (byte) 0b10_010000; - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - - @Test - void validate_continuationThreeBytesTooShort_4Byte_eof_invalid() { - int vectorBytes = VECTOR_SPECIES.vectorByteSize(); - byte[] inputBytes = new byte[vectorBytes]; - inputBytes[vectorBytes - 1] = (byte) 0b11110_000; - - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } - - - /* file tests */ - - @ParameterizedTest - @ValueSource(strings = {"/twitter.json", "/nhkworld.json"}) - void validate_utf8InputFiles_valid(String inputFilePath) throws IOException { - byte[] inputBytes = TestUtils.loadTestFile(inputFilePath); - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatCode(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)).doesNotThrowAnyException(); - } - - @Test - void validate_utf8InputFile_invalid() throws IOException { - byte[] inputBytes = TestUtils.loadTestFile("/malformed.txt"); - SimdJsonParser parser = new SimdJsonParser(); - assertThatExceptionOfType(JsonParsingException.class) - .isThrownBy(() -> parser.parse(inputBytes, inputBytes.length)) - .withMessage("Invalid UTF8"); - } -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/TestUtils.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/TestUtils.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aba84c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/TestUtils.java @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import java.io.IOException; +import java.io.InputStream; +import java.util.Arrays; + +import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8; + +public class TestUtils { + + public static byte[] toUtf8PaddedWithSpaces(String str) { + byte[] strBytes = toUtf8(str); + byte[] padded = new byte[strBytes.length + 64]; + Arrays.fill(padded, (byte) ' '); + System.arraycopy(strBytes, 0, padded, 0, strBytes.length); + return padded; + } + + public static byte[] toUtf8(String str) { + return str.getBytes(UTF_8); + } + + public static byte[] loadTestFile(String name) throws IOException { + try (InputStream is = TestUtils.class.getResourceAsStream(name)) { + return is.readAllBytes(); + } + } + + public static String toHexString(byte[] array) { + var sb = new StringBuilder("["); + for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { + sb.append(String.format("%02X", array[i])); + if (i < array.length - 1) { + sb.append(" "); + } + } + sb.append("]"); + return sb.toString(); + } +} diff --git a/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/Utf8TestData.java b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/Utf8TestData.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d9d348 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/java/org/simdjson/testutils/Utf8TestData.java @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +package org.simdjson.testutils; + +import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomStringUtils; +import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomUtils; + +import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; +import java.util.ArrayList; +import java.util.List; + +public class Utf8TestData { + + /** + * Generates UTF-8 sequences from the provided range. Each sequence is of the given length. + * Note that when the length is greater than necessary for a given code point, this function + * produces sequences that are invalid UTF-8. This is a useful property when one wants to + * generate overlong encodings for testing purposes. + */ + public static List utf8Sequences(int from, int to, int length) { + List result = new ArrayList<>(); + for (int i = from; i <= to; i++) { + byte[] bytes = new byte[length]; + int current = i; + // continuation bytes + for (int byteIdx = length - 1; byteIdx >= 1; byteIdx--) { + bytes[byteIdx] = (byte) (0b1000_0000 | (current & 0b0011_1111)); + current = current >>> 6; + } + // leading byte + bytes[0] = (byte) ((0x80000000 >> (24 + length - 1)) | (current & 0b0011_111)); + result.add(bytes); + } + return result; + } + + public static byte[] randomUtf8ByteArray() { + return randomUtf8ByteArray(1, 1000); + } + + public static byte[] randomUtf8ByteArrayIncluding(byte... sequence) { + byte[] prefix = randomUtf8ByteArray(0, 500); + byte[] suffix = randomUtf8ByteArray(0, 500); + byte[] result = new byte[prefix.length + sequence.length + suffix.length]; + System.arraycopy(prefix, 0, result, 0, prefix.length); + System.arraycopy(sequence, 0, result, prefix.length, sequence.length); + System.arraycopy(suffix, 0, result, prefix.length + sequence.length, suffix.length); + return result; + } + + public static byte[] randomUtf8ByteArrayEndedWith(byte... sequence) { + byte[] array = randomUtf8ByteArray(0, 1000); + byte[] result = new byte[array.length + sequence.length]; + System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, 0, array.length); + System.arraycopy(sequence, 0, result, array.length, sequence.length); + return result; + } + + private static byte[] randomUtf8ByteArray(int minChars, int maxChars) { + int stringLen = RandomUtils.nextInt(minChars, maxChars + 1); + var string = RandomStringUtils.random(stringLen); + return string.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); + } +} From d0c4330a6538d0ed37257fb0666eabe68772c228 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Piotr Rzysko Date: Sat, 8 Jun 2024 13:56:29 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 11/13] run CI workflow on push --- .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml index 885c493..e6e7056 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ name: CI -on: [ pull_request ] +on: [ push, pull_request ] jobs: build: From f28eed0c444fd6899b8a1aa4f838887b88e2997b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Piotr Rzysko Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2025 20:17:49 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 12/13] Update to Java 23 --- .github/workflows/ci.yml | 6 +++--- gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar | Bin 43453 -> 43705 bytes gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties | 2 +- gradlew | 6 ++++-- gradlew.bat | 2 ++ 5 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml index e6e7056..9f236af 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml @@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ jobs: strategy: matrix: - version: [ 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 ] + version: [ 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 ] vector-length: [ 256, 512 ] steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - - uses: gradle/actions/wrapper-validation@v3 + - uses: gradle/actions/wrapper-validation@v4 - name: Set up JDK ${{ matrix.version }} uses: actions/setup-java@v4 @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs: java-version: ${{ matrix.version }} - name: Setup Gradle - uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v3 + uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v4 - name: Tests run: ./gradlew test${{ matrix.vector-length }} diff --git a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar index e6441136f3d4ba8a0da8d277868979cfbc8ad796..9bbc975c742b298b441bfb90dbc124400a3751b9 100644 GIT binary patch delta 34877 zcmXuJV_+R@)3u$(Y~1X)v28cDZQE*`9qyPrXx!Mg8{4+s*nWFo&-eX5|IMtKbslRv z=O9}bAZzeZfy=9lI!r-0aXh8xKdlGq)X)o#ON+mC6t7t0WtgR!HN%?__cvdWdtQC< zrFQ;?l@%CxY55`8y(t7?1P_O7(6pv~(~l!kHB;z2evtUsGHzEDL+y4*no%g#AsI~i zJ%SFMv{j__Yaxnn2NtDK+!1XZX`CB}DGMIT{#8(iAk*`?VagyHx&|p8npkmz=-n!f z3D+^yIjP`D&Lfz500rpq#dJE`vM|-N7=`uN0z86BpiMcCOCS^;6CUG4o1I)W{q6Gv 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a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties index a441313..37f853b 100644 --- a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties +++ b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME distributionPath=wrapper/dists -distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.8-bin.zip +distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.13-bin.zip networkTimeout=10000 validateDistributionUrl=true zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME diff --git a/gradlew b/gradlew index b740cf1..faf9300 100755 --- a/gradlew +++ b/gradlew @@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. # +# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 +# ############################################################################## # @@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ done # shellcheck disable=SC2034 APP_BASE_NAME=${0##*/} # Discard cd standard output in case $CDPATH is set (https://github.com/gradle/gradle/issues/25036) -APP_HOME=$( cd "${APP_HOME:-./}" > /dev/null && pwd -P ) || exit +APP_HOME=$( cd -P "${APP_HOME:-./}" > /dev/null && printf '%s\n' "$PWD" ) || exit # Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that value. MAX_FD=maximum @@ -203,7 +205,7 @@ fi DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='"-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"' # Collect all arguments for the java command: -# * DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, and optsEnvironmentVar are not allowed to contain shell fragments, +# * DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, and optsEnvironmentVar are not allowed to contain shell fragments, # and any embedded shellness will be escaped. # * For example: A user cannot expect ${Hostname} to be expanded, as it is an environment variable and will be # treated as '${Hostname}' itself on the command line. diff --git a/gradlew.bat b/gradlew.bat index 7101f8e..9b42019 100644 --- a/gradlew.bat +++ b/gradlew.bat @@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ @rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and @rem limitations under the License. @rem +@rem SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 +@rem @if "%DEBUG%"=="" @echo off @rem ########################################################################## From ed1381057e5b4005b1fd2479f362529661c5379c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Piotr Rzysko Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2025 20:18:06 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 13/13] Update dependencies --- build.gradle | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/build.gradle b/build.gradle index 60e5f4b..4bcf450 100644 --- a/build.gradle +++ b/build.gradle @@ -43,20 +43,20 @@ java { } ext { - junitVersion = '5.10.2' - jsoniterScalaVersion = '2.28.4' + junitVersion = '5.12.0' + jsoniterScalaVersion = '2.33.2' } dependencies { - jmhImplementation group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core', name: 'jackson-databind', version: '2.17.0' - jmhImplementation group: 'com.alibaba.fastjson2', name: 'fastjson2', version: '2.0.49' + jmhImplementation group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core', name: 'jackson-databind', version: '2.18.2' + jmhImplementation group: 'com.alibaba.fastjson2', name: 'fastjson2', version: '2.0.56' jmhImplementation group: 'com.github.plokhotnyuk.jsoniter-scala', name: 'jsoniter-scala-core_2.13', version: jsoniterScalaVersion - jmhImplementation group: 'com.google.guava', name: 'guava', version: '32.1.2-jre' + jmhImplementation group: 'com.google.guava', name: 'guava', version: '33.4.0-jre' compileOnly group: 'com.github.plokhotnyuk.jsoniter-scala', name: 'jsoniter-scala-macros_2.13', version: jsoniterScalaVersion - testImplementation group: 'org.assertj', name: 'assertj-core', version: '3.24.2' - testImplementation group: 'org.apache.commons', name: 'commons-text', version: '1.10.0' - testImplementation group: 'org.junit-pioneer', name: 'junit-pioneer', version: '2.2.0' + testImplementation group: 'org.assertj', name: 'assertj-core', version: '3.27.3' + testImplementation group: 'org.apache.commons', name: 'commons-text', version: '1.13.0' + testImplementation group: 'org.junit-pioneer', name: 'junit-pioneer', version: '2.3.0' testImplementation group: 'org.junit.jupiter', name: 'junit-jupiter-api', version: junitVersion testImplementation group: 'org.junit.jupiter', name: 'junit-jupiter-params', version: junitVersion testRuntimeOnly group: 'org.junit.jupiter', name: 'junit-jupiter-engine', version: junitVersion