French Translation of the Python Documentation

Documentation Contribution Agreement

NOTE REGARDING THE LICENSE FOR TRANSLATIONS: Python's documentation is maintained using a global network of volunteers. By posting this project on Transifex, Github, and other public places, and inviting you to participate, we are proposing an agreement that you will provide your improvements to Python's documentation or the translation of Python's documentation for the PSF's use under the CC0 license (available at https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode). In return, you may publicly claim credit for the portion of the translation you contributed and if your translation is accepted by the PSF, you may (but are not required to) submit a patch including an appropriate annotation in the Misc/ACKS or TRANSLATORS file. Although nothing in this Documentation Contribution Agreement obligates the PSF to incorporate your textual contribution, your participation in the Python community is welcomed and appreciated.

You signify acceptance of this agreement by submitting your work to the PSF for inclusion in the documentation.

Contributing to the Translation

How to Contribute

You can contribute using:

github (preferred solution)
transifex
Or just by opening an issue on github

Contributing using Github

Prerequisites:

A github account.
git installed (for windows, see https://gitforwindows.org/).
A .po file editor (Use poedit if you don't already have one).

Getting Started:

You'll need to fork the python-docs-fr source repository by clicking its Fork button. This creates a copy of the whole project on your github account: a place where you have the rights to do modifications.

Step by step:

# Clone your github fork with `git` using ssh or https:
git clone git@github.com:YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME/python-docs-fr.git
git clone https://github.com:YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME/python-docs-fr.git

# Go into the cloned directory:
cd python-docs-fr/

# Add the upstream (the public repository) using HTTPS (won't ask for password):
# This is so git knows what/where the upstream is.
git remote add upstream https://github.com/python/python-docs-fr.git

Next, you need to find a file to work on. You can use potodo <https://github.com/seluj78/potodo>, a tool made to find po to do. Install it using pip (pip install potodo) in a python3.7 environement. Then run the command potodo in your cloned fork. From the list returned by the command, you can choose any file that is not reserved.

We recommend not starting with a file from ``c-api`` as it is very technical.

Once you've choosen a file to work one, please open an issue on github <https://github.com/python/python-docs-fr> in the format of I'm working on FOLDER/FILE.po. This is done to update potodo as it checks the github API for reserved .po files in issues and pull requests.

Now you're ready to start a work session. Each time you'll start a new file, start here:

# To work, we'll need a branch, based on an up-to-date (freshly fetched)
# upstream/3.7 branch. We will name our branch "library-sys" but you shall name yours
# whatever you want. Usually you'll name a branch based on the file you're working on.
# For example, If you're working on "library/venv.po" you can name your branch "library-venv"

# Update your local version to the latest
git fetch upstream
# Create a new branch named "library-sys" based on "upstream/3.7"
git checkout -b library-sys upstream/3.7

# You can now work on the file, typically using poedit,
# Of course, replace "library/sys.po" by the file you've chose earlier
poedit library/sys.po

# When you are done translating, you can run pospell (pip install pospell).
# This tool was made to check if you don't have any french mistakes.
# You can run the following command: pospell -p dict -l fr_FR **/*.po to check all files
# or replace **/*.po by your specific file (recommended).

# You can then run powrap (pip install powrap) which will rewrap
# You modified file to the correct line length of `80`.
# Run this command: `powrap **/*.po` or replace `**/*.po` with your modified file.

# When everything powrap and pospell passes without errors,
# you can commit your work with a nice explicit message:
git commit -a -m "Working on library/sys.po."

# Then push your modifications to your github fork,
# as they are ephemeral branches, let's not configure git to track them all,
# "origin HEAD" is a "special" syntax to say "Push on origin,
# on a branch with the same name as the local one",
# it's nice as it's exactly what we want:
git push origin HEAD

# The previous command will print you a link to open a PR on github.
# If you missed it, just go to
# https://github.com/python/python-docs-fr/ and a nice "Compare & pull request"
# button should appear after a few seconds telling you can ask for a pull request.

# Now someone is reviewing your modifications, and you'll want to fix their
# findings, get back to your branch
# (in case you started something else on another branch):
git checkout glossary
# Fix the issues, then commit again:
git commit -a -m "glossary: small fixes."
git push origin HEAD

You may have noted that this looks like a triangle, with a missing segment:

You're fetching from upstream (public common repo on github)
You're pushing to origin (your clone on github)

So yes it's the work of someone to add the last segment, from your origin to the public upstream, to "close the loop", that's the role of the people who merges pull requests after proofreading them.

You may also have noted you never ever commit on a version branch (3.6, 3.7, ...), only pull from them, consider them read-only you'll avoid problems.

Before commiting, you should use grammalecte to check for your translations.

All the translations must be made on the latest release. We never translate on an oldest version. For example, if the latest python release is Python 3.7, we don't want to translate directly on the python 3.5 release. If needed translations would be backported on the oldest versions by the documentation team <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-8015/#documentation-team>.

What to translate

You can start with easy tasks like reviewing fuzzy entries to help keeping the documentation up to date (find them using make fuzzy).

You can also proofread already translated entries, and finally translate untranslated ones (find them using make todo)..

Do not translate content of :ref:... and :term:...
Put english words, if you have to use them, in italics (surrounded by stars).
:: at the end of some paragraphs have to be translated to `` : ::`` in French to place the space before the column.
If you translate a link title, please translate the link too (typically if it's Wikipedia and the article has a translation). If no translation of the target exists, do not translate the title.

The case of "---"

The english version uses a thing named smartquotes, that tries to be smart, works in english, but soon causes issues in other languages. So we desactivated it.

Smartquotes is also responsible for the transformation of -- to en-dash (–), --- to em-dash (—), and ... to ….

As we don't have smartquotes we'll also have to "translate" those manually, so if you see --- in english, you have to translate it to — in french.

The case of "::"

From the reStructuredText point of view, :: glued at the end of a word means "output : and introduce a code block", but a :: after a space means "Just introduce a code block".

So in english rst, we see either blah blah:: or blah blah. ::.

In french, we're putting a no-break space before our columns, like: Et voilà :.

Using no-break space in rst is natural, you'll simply write Et voilà ::, as the :: is not precedded by a normal space it will output the column and introduce the code block, you're done.

If you don't know how to type a no-break space there's a trick, translate column column by space, column, space, column column. the "space column" will render your space and your column as french needs, and the trailing "space column column" will output nothing and introduce the code block. No it does not magically inserts a no-break space, so it's still not really valid french. Yes, better learn how to type no-break space.

How to input em-dash, ellipsis, french quotes, or no-break spaces?

It really depends on your OS and your keyboard sadly. On Linux you can use a Compose Key, it's easy to configure either using your graphical keyboard configuration tool or via ``dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration`. On Windows you can use wincompose.

With a compose key (I use alt-gr, you can also use caps lock) you can use the following compositions:

Compose < < gives «
Compose > > gives »
Compose space space gives an no-break space
Compose . . . gives …

As you noted, almost all compositions are easy to remember, so you can try others and they should just work:

Compose C = gives €
Compose 1 2 gives ½
Compose ' E gives É
… …

Where to get help

The coordinator for this translation is mdk.

Feel free to ask your questions on the #python-fr channel on freenode (does not require registration) or the AFPy traductions mailing list.

Translation Resources

Le Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique
IRC channel #python-fr on freenode.
The liste traductions.
The doc-sig mailing list.
Glossaire traduc.org
Glossaires et Dictionnaires of traduc.org
glossary.po, as it's already translated.
deepl.com/translator

Glossary

For consistency in our translations, here are some propositions and reminders for frequent terms you'll have to translate, don't hesitate to open an issue if you disagree.

To easily find how a term is already translated in our documentation, you may use find_in_po.py.

Term	Proposed Translation
-like	-compatible
abstract data type	type abstrait
argument	argument (Don't mix with parameter)
backslash	antislash, backslash
bound	lier
bug	bogue, bug
built-in	native
call stack	pile d'appels
debugging	débogage
deep copy	copie récursive (préféré), ou copie profonde.
double quote	guillemet
e.g.	e.g. (pour exempli gratia)
garbage collector	ramasse-miettes
identifier	identifiant
immutable	immuable
installer	installateur
interpreter	interpréteur
library	bibliothèque
list comprehension	liste en compréhension (liste en intension est valide, mais nous ne l'utilisons pas)
little-endian, big-endian	petit-boutiste, gros-boutiste
mutable	muable
namespace	espace de nommage (sauf pour le XML où c'est espace de noms)
parameter	paramètre
prompt	invite
raise	lever
regular expression	expression rationnelle, expression régulière
return	renvoie, donne (on évite "retourne" qui pourrait porter à confusion).
simple quote	guillemet simple, apostrophe (apostrophe is to glue, guillemet is to surround)
socket	socket
statement	instruction
subprocess	sous-processus
thread	fil d'exécution
underscore	tiret bas, underscore
expression	expression

Project History

This project was started around 2012 by afpy members, in 2017 this project became the official french Python documentation translation thanks to PEP 545.

Simplify git diffs

Git diffs are often crowded with useless line number changes, like:

-#: ../Doc/library/signal.rst:406
+#: ../Doc/library/signal.rst:408

To tell git they are not usefull information, you can do the following after ensuring ~/.local/bin/ is in your PATH.

cat <<EOF > ~/.local/bin/podiff
#!/bin/sh
grep -v '^#:' "\$1"
EOF

chmod a+x ~/.local/bin/podiff

git config diff.podiff.textconv podiff

Maintenance

All those snippets are to run from the root of a python-docs-fr clone, and some expect to find an up-to-date CPython clone near to it, like:

~/
├── python-docs-fr/
└── cpython/

To clone CPython you may use:

git clone --depth 1 --no-single-branch https://github.com/python/cpython.git

This avoids to download the whole history (not usefull to build documentation) but still fetches all branches.

Merge pot files from CPython

make merge

Find fuzzy strings

make fuzzy

Run a test build locally

make

Synchronize translation with Transifex

You'll need the transifex-client and powrap from Pypi.

You'll need to configure tx via tx init if not already done.

First propagate known translations locally:

pomerge --from-files **/*.po --to-files **/*.po
powrap --modified
git commit -m "Propagating known translations."

Then pull from transifex:

pomerge --from-files **/*.po
tx pull -f
pomerge --to-files **/*.po
pomerge --from-files **/*.po
git checkout -- .
pomerge --to-files **/*.po
powrap --modified
git commit -m "tx pull"
tx push -t -f