cpython/Lib/http/cookies.py at 3.4 · python/cpython

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####

# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software

# and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby

# granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all

# copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission

# notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of

# Timothy O'Malley not be used in advertising or publicity

# pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written

# prior permission.

# Timothy O'Malley DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS

# SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY

# AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL Timothy O'Malley BE LIABLE FOR

# ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES

# WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,

# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS

# ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR

# PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

####

# Id: Cookie.py,v 2.29 2000/08/23 05:28:49 timo Exp

# by Timothy O'Malley <timo@alum.mit.edu>

# Cookie.py is a Python module for the handling of HTTP

# cookies as a Python dictionary. See RFC 2109 for more

# information on cookies.

# The original idea to treat Cookies as a dictionary came from

# Dave Mitchell (davem@magnet.com) in 1995, when he released the

# first version of nscookie.py.

####

r"""

Here's a sample session to show how to use this module.

At the moment, this is the only documentation.

The Basics

----------

Importing is easy...

>>> from http import cookies

Most of the time you start by creating a cookie.

>>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()

Once you've created your Cookie, you can add values just as if it were

a dictionary.

>>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()

>>> C["fig"] = "newton"

>>> C["sugar"] = "wafer"

>>> C.output()

'Set-Cookie: fig=newton\r\nSet-Cookie: sugar=wafer'

Notice that the printable representation of a Cookie is the

appropriate format for a Set-Cookie: header. This is the

default behavior. You can change the header and printed

attributes by using the .output() function

>>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()

>>> C["rocky"] = "road"

>>> C["rocky"]["path"] = "/cookie"

>>> print(C.output(header="Cookie:"))

Cookie: rocky=road; Path=/cookie

>>> print(C.output(attrs=[], header="Cookie:"))

Cookie: rocky=road

The load() method of a Cookie extracts cookies from a string. In a

CGI script, you would use this method to extract the cookies from the

HTTP_COOKIE environment variable.

>>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()

>>> C.load("chips=ahoy; vienna=finger")

>>> C.output()

'Set-Cookie: chips=ahoy\r\nSet-Cookie: vienna=finger'

The load() method is darn-tootin smart about identifying cookies

within a string. Escaped quotation marks, nested semicolons, and other

such trickeries do not confuse it.

>>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()

>>> C.load('keebler="E=everybody; L=\\"Loves\\"; fudge=\\012;";')

>>> print(C)

Set-Cookie: keebler="E=everybody; L=\"Loves\"; fudge=\012;"

Each element of the Cookie also supports all of the RFC 2109

Cookie attributes. Here's an example which sets the Path

attribute.

>>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()

>>> C["oreo"] = "doublestuff"

>>> C["oreo"]["path"] = "/"

>>> print(C)

Set-Cookie: oreo=doublestuff; Path=/

Each dictionary element has a 'value' attribute, which gives you

back the value associated with the key.

>>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()

>>> C["twix"] = "none for you"

>>> C["twix"].value

'none for you'

The SimpleCookie expects that all values should be standard strings.

Just to be sure, SimpleCookie invokes the str() builtin to convert

the value to a string, when the values are set dictionary-style.

>>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()

>>> C["number"] = 7

>>> C["string"] = "seven"

>>> C["number"].value

'7'

>>> C["string"].value

'seven'

>>> C.output()

'Set-Cookie: number=7\r\nSet-Cookie: string=seven'

Finis.

"""

# Import our required modules

import re

import string

__all__ = ["CookieError", "BaseCookie", "SimpleCookie"]

_nulljoin = ''.join

_semispacejoin = '; '.join

_spacejoin = ' '.join

# Define an exception visible to External modules

class CookieError(Exception):

pass

# These quoting routines conform to the RFC2109 specification, which in

# turn references the character definitions from RFC2068. They provide

# a two-way quoting algorithm. Any non-text character is translated

# into a 4 character sequence: a forward-slash followed by the

# three-digit octal equivalent of the character. Any '\' or '"' is

# quoted with a preceeding '\' slash.

# These are taken from RFC2068 and RFC2109.

# _LegalChars is the list of chars which don't require "'s

# _Translator hash-table for fast quoting

_LegalChars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "!#$%&'*+-.^_`|~:"

_Translator = {

'\000' : '\\000', '\001' : '\\001', '\002' : '\\002',

'\003' : '\\003', '\004' : '\\004', '\005' : '\\005',

'\006' : '\\006', '\007' : '\\007', '\010' : '\\010',

'\011' : '\\011', '\012' : '\\012', '\013' : '\\013',

'\014' : '\\014', '\015' : '\\015', '\016' : '\\016',

'\017' : '\\017', '\020' : '\\020', '\021' : '\\021',

'\022' : '\\022', '\023' : '\\023', '\024' : '\\024',

'\025' : '\\025', '\026' : '\\026', '\027' : '\\027',

'\030' : '\\030', '\031' : '\\031', '\032' : '\\032',

'\033' : '\\033', '\034' : '\\034', '\035' : '\\035',

'\036' : '\\036', '\037' : '\\037',

# Because of the way browsers really handle cookies (as opposed

# to what the RFC says) we also encode , and ;

',' : '\\054', ';' : '\\073',

'"' : '\\"', '\\' : '\\\\',

'\177' : '\\177', '\200' : '\\200', '\201' : '\\201',

'\202' : '\\202', '\203' : '\\203', '\204' : '\\204',

'\205' : '\\205', '\206' : '\\206', '\207' : '\\207',

'\210' : '\\210', '\211' : '\\211', '\212' : '\\212',

'\213' : '\\213', '\214' : '\\214', '\215' : '\\215',

'\216' : '\\216', '\217' : '\\217', '\220' : '\\220',

'\221' : '\\221', '\222' : '\\222', '\223' : '\\223',

'\224' : '\\224', '\225' : '\\225', '\226' : '\\226',

'\227' : '\\227', '\230' : '\\230', '\231' : '\\231',

'\232' : '\\232', '\233' : '\\233', '\234' : '\\234',

'\235' : '\\235', '\236' : '\\236', '\237' : '\\237',

'\240' : '\\240', '\241' : '\\241', '\242' : '\\242',

'\243' : '\\243', '\244' : '\\244', '\245' : '\\245',

'\246' : '\\246', '\247' : '\\247', '\250' : '\\250',

'\251' : '\\251', '\252' : '\\252', '\253' : '\\253',

'\254' : '\\254', '\255' : '\\255', '\256' : '\\256',

'\257' : '\\257', '\260' : '\\260', '\261' : '\\261',

'\262' : '\\262', '\263' : '\\263', '\264' : '\\264',

'\265' : '\\265', '\266' : '\\266', '\267' : '\\267',

'\270' : '\\270', '\271' : '\\271', '\272' : '\\272',

'\273' : '\\273', '\274' : '\\274', '\275' : '\\275',

'\276' : '\\276', '\277' : '\\277', '\300' : '\\300',

'\301' : '\\301', '\302' : '\\302', '\303' : '\\303',

'\304' : '\\304', '\305' : '\\305', '\306' : '\\306',

'\307' : '\\307', '\310' : '\\310', '\311' : '\\311',

'\312' : '\\312', '\313' : '\\313', '\314' : '\\314',

'\315' : '\\315', '\316' : '\\316', '\317' : '\\317',

'\320' : '\\320', '\321' : '\\321', '\322' : '\\322',

'\323' : '\\323', '\324' : '\\324', '\325' : '\\325',

'\326' : '\\326', '\327' : '\\327', '\330' : '\\330',

'\331' : '\\331', '\332' : '\\332', '\333' : '\\333',

'\334' : '\\334', '\335' : '\\335', '\336' : '\\336',

'\337' : '\\337', '\340' : '\\340', '\341' : '\\341',

'\342' : '\\342', '\343' : '\\343', '\344' : '\\344',

'\345' : '\\345', '\346' : '\\346', '\347' : '\\347',

'\350' : '\\350', '\351' : '\\351', '\352' : '\\352',

'\353' : '\\353', '\354' : '\\354', '\355' : '\\355',

'\356' : '\\356', '\357' : '\\357', '\360' : '\\360',

'\361' : '\\361', '\362' : '\\362', '\363' : '\\363',

'\364' : '\\364', '\365' : '\\365', '\366' : '\\366',

'\367' : '\\367', '\370' : '\\370', '\371' : '\\371',

'\372' : '\\372', '\373' : '\\373', '\374' : '\\374',

'\375' : '\\375', '\376' : '\\376', '\377' : '\\377'

}

def _quote(str, LegalChars=_LegalChars):

r"""Quote a string for use in a cookie header.

If the string does not need to be double-quoted, then just return the

string. Otherwise, surround the string in doublequotes and quote

(with a \) special characters.

"""

if all(c in LegalChars for c in str):

return str

else:

return '"' + _nulljoin(_Translator.get(s, s) for s in str) + '"'

_OctalPatt = re.compile(r"\\[0-3][0-7][0-7]")

_QuotePatt = re.compile(r"[\\].")

def _unquote(str):

# If there aren't any doublequotes,

# then there can't be any special characters. See RFC 2109.

if len(str) < 2:

return str

if str[0] != '"' or str[-1] != '"':

return str

# We have to assume that we must decode this string.

# Down to work.

# Remove the "s

str = str[1:-1]

# Check for special sequences. Examples:

# \012 --> \n

# \" --> "

i = 0

n = len(str)

res = []

while 0 <= i < n:

o_match = _OctalPatt.search(str, i)

q_match = _QuotePatt.search(str, i)

if not o_match and not q_match: # Neither matched

res.append(str[i:])

break

# else:

j = k = -1

if o_match:

j = o_match.start(0)

if q_match:

k = q_match.start(0)

if q_match and (not o_match or k < j): # QuotePatt matched

res.append(str[i:k])

res.append(str[k+1])

i = k + 2

else: # OctalPatt matched

res.append(str[i:j])

res.append(chr(int(str[j+1:j+4], 8)))

i = j + 4

return _nulljoin(res)

# The _getdate() routine is used to set the expiration time in the cookie's HTTP

# header. By default, _getdate() returns the current time in the appropriate

# "expires" format for a Set-Cookie header. The one optional argument is an

# offset from now, in seconds. For example, an offset of -3600 means "one hour

# ago". The offset may be a floating point number.

_weekdayname = ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']

_monthname = [None,

'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun',

'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']

def _getdate(future=0, weekdayname=_weekdayname, monthname=_monthname):

from time import gmtime, time

now = time()

year, month, day, hh, mm, ss, wd, y, z = gmtime(now + future)

return "%s, %02d %3s %4d %02d:%02d:%02d GMT" % \

(weekdayname[wd], day, monthname[month], year, hh, mm, ss)

class Morsel(dict):

"""A class to hold ONE (key, value) pair.

In a cookie, each such pair may have several attributes, so this class is

used to keep the attributes associated with the appropriate key,value pair.

This class also includes a coded_value attribute, which is used to hold

the network representation of the value. This is most useful when Python

objects are pickled for network transit.

"""

# RFC 2109 lists these attributes as reserved:

# path comment domain

# max-age secure version

# For historical reasons, these attributes are also reserved:

# expires

# This is an extension from Microsoft:

# httponly

# This dictionary provides a mapping from the lowercase

# variant on the left to the appropriate traditional

# formatting on the right.

_reserved = {

"expires" : "expires",

"path" : "Path",

"comment" : "Comment",

"domain" : "Domain",

"max-age" : "Max-Age",

"secure" : "Secure",

"httponly" : "HttpOnly",

"version" : "Version",

}

_flags = {'secure', 'httponly'}

def __init__(self):

# Set defaults

self.key = self.value = self.coded_value = None

# Set default attributes

for key in self._reserved:

dict.__setitem__(self, key, "")

def __setitem__(self, K, V):

K = K.lower()

if not K in self._reserved:

raise CookieError("Invalid Attribute %s" % K)

dict.__setitem__(self, K, V)

def isReservedKey(self, K):

return K.lower() in self._reserved

def set(self, key, val, coded_val, LegalChars=_LegalChars):

# First we verify that the key isn't a reserved word

# Second we make sure it only contains legal characters

if key.lower() in self._reserved:

raise CookieError("Attempt to set a reserved key: %s" % key)

if any(c not in LegalChars for c in key):

raise CookieError("Illegal key value: %s" % key)

# It's a good key, so save it.

self.key = key

self.value = val

self.coded_value = coded_val

def output(self, attrs=None, header="Set-Cookie:"):

return "%s %s" % (header, self.OutputString(attrs))

__str__ = output

def __repr__(self):

return '<%s: %s=%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__,

self.key, repr(self.value))

def js_output(self, attrs=None):

# Print javascript

return """

<!-- begin hiding

document.cookie = \"%s\";

// end hiding -->

</script>

""" % (self.OutputString(attrs).replace('"', r'\"'))

def OutputString(self, attrs=None):

# Build up our result

result = []

append = result.append

# First, the key=value pair

append("%s=%s" % (self.key, self.coded_value))

# Now add any defined attributes

if attrs is None:

attrs = self._reserved

items = sorted(self.items())

for key, value in items:

if value == "":

continue

if key not in attrs:

continue

if key == "expires" and isinstance(value, int):

append("%s=%s" % (self._reserved[key], _getdate(value)))

elif key == "max-age" and isinstance(value, int):

append("%s=%d" % (self._reserved[key], value))

elif key == "secure":

append(str(self._reserved[key]))

elif key == "httponly":

append(str(self._reserved[key]))

else:

append("%s=%s" % (self._reserved[key], value))

# Return the result

return _semispacejoin(result)

# Pattern for finding cookie

# This used to be strict parsing based on the RFC2109 and RFC2068

# specifications. I have since discovered that MSIE 3.0x doesn't

# follow the character rules outlined in those specs. As a

# result, the parsing rules here are less strict.

_LegalKeyChars = r"\w\d!#%&'~_`><@,:/\$\*\+\-\.\^\|\)\(\?\}\{\="

_LegalValueChars = _LegalKeyChars + '\[\]'

_CookiePattern = re.compile(r"""

(?x) # This is a verbose pattern

\s* # Optional whitespace at start of cookie

(?P<key> # Start of group 'key'

[""" + _LegalKeyChars + r"""]+? # Any word of at least one letter

) # End of group 'key'

( # Optional group: there may not be a value.

\s*=\s* # Equal Sign

(?P<val> # Start of group 'val'

"(?:[^\\"]|\\.)*" # Any doublequoted string

| # or

\w{3},\s[\w\d\s-]{9,11}\s[\d:]{8}\sGMT # Special case for "expires" attr

| # or

[""" + _LegalValueChars + r"""]* # Any word or empty string

) # End of group 'val'

)? # End of optional value group

\s* # Any number of spaces.

(\s+|;|$) # Ending either at space, semicolon, or EOS.

""", re.ASCII) # May be removed if safe.

# At long last, here is the cookie class. Using this class is almost just like

# using a dictionary. See this module's docstring for example usage.

class BaseCookie(dict):

"""A container class for a set of Morsels."""

def value_decode(self, val):

"""real_value, coded_value = value_decode(STRING)

Called prior to setting a cookie's value from the network

representation. The VALUE is the value read from HTTP

header.

Override this function to modify the behavior of cookies.

"""

return val, val

def value_encode(self, val):

"""real_value, coded_value = value_encode(VALUE)

Called prior to setting a cookie's value from the dictionary

representation. The VALUE is the value being assigned.

Override this function to modify the behavior of cookies.

"""

strval = str(val)

return strval, strval

def __init__(self, input=None):

if input:

self.load(input)

def __set(self, key, real_value, coded_value):

"""Private method for setting a cookie's value"""

M = self.get(key, Morsel())

M.set(key, real_value, coded_value)

dict.__setitem__(self, key, M)

def __setitem__(self, key, value):

"""Dictionary style assignment."""

if isinstance(value, Morsel):

# allow assignment of constructed Morsels (e.g. for pickling)

dict.__setitem__(self, key, value)

else:

rval, cval = self.value_encode(value)

self.__set(key, rval, cval)

def output(self, attrs=None, header="Set-Cookie:", sep="\015\012"):

"""Return a string suitable for HTTP."""

result = []

items = sorted(self.items())

for key, value in items:

result.append(value.output(attrs, header))

return sep.join(result)

__str__ = output

def __repr__(self):

l = []

items = sorted(self.items())

for key, value in items:

l.append('%s=%s' % (key, repr(value.value)))

return '<%s: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, _spacejoin(l))

def js_output(self, attrs=None):

"""Return a string suitable for JavaScript."""

result = []

items = sorted(self.items())

for key, value in items:

result.append(value.js_output(attrs))

return _nulljoin(result)

def load(self, rawdata):

"""Load cookies from a string (presumably HTTP_COOKIE) or

from a dictionary. Loading cookies from a dictionary 'd'

is equivalent to calling:

map(Cookie.__setitem__, d.keys(), d.values())

"""

if isinstance(rawdata, str):

self.__parse_string(rawdata)

else:

# self.update() wouldn't call our custom __setitem__

for key, value in rawdata.items():

self[key] = value

return

def __parse_string(self, str, patt=_CookiePattern):

i = 0 # Our starting point

n = len(str) # Length of string

M = None # current morsel

while 0 <= i < n:

# Start looking for a cookie

match = patt.match(str, i)

if not match:

# No more cookies

break

key, value = match.group("key"), match.group("val")

i = match.end(0)

# Parse the key, value in case it's metainfo

if key[0] == "$":

# We ignore attributes which pertain to the cookie

# mechanism as a whole. See RFC 2109.

# (Does anyone care?)

if M:

M[key[1:]] = value

elif key.lower() in Morsel._reserved:

if M:

if value is None:

if key.lower() in Morsel._flags:

M[key] = True

else:

M[key] = _unquote(value)

elif value is not None:

rval, cval = self.value_decode(value)

self.__set(key, rval, cval)

M = self[key]

class SimpleCookie(BaseCookie):

"""

SimpleCookie supports strings as cookie values. When setting

the value using the dictionary assignment notation, SimpleCookie

calls the builtin str() to convert the value to a string. Values

received from HTTP are kept as strings.

"""

def value_decode(self, val):

return _unquote(val), val

def value_encode(self, val):

strval = str(val)

return strval, _quote(strval)

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