cpython/Grammar/python.gram at 3.14 · python/cpython

1569 lines (1345 loc) · 70.1 KB
# PEG grammar for Python
@trailer '''
_PyPegen_parse(Parser *p)
    // Initialize keywords
    p->keywords = reserved_keywords;
    p->n_keyword_lists = n_keyword_lists;
    p->soft_keywords = soft_keywords;
    // Run parser
    void *result = NULL;
    if (p->start_rule == Py_file_input) {
        result = file_rule(p);
    } else if (p->start_rule == Py_single_input) {
        result = interactive_rule(p);
    } else if (p->start_rule == Py_eval_input) {
        result = eval_rule(p);
    } else if (p->start_rule == Py_func_type_input) {
        result = func_type_rule(p);
    return result;
# ========================= START OF THE GRAMMAR =========================
# General grammatical elements and rules:
# * Strings with double quotes (") denote SOFT KEYWORDS
# * Strings with single quotes (') denote KEYWORDS
# * Upper case names (NAME) denote tokens in the Grammar/Tokens file
# * Rule names starting with "invalid_" are used for specialized syntax errors
#     - These rules are NOT used in the first pass of the parser.
#     - Only if the first pass fails to parse, a second pass including the invalid
#       rules will be executed.
#     - If the parser fails in the second phase with a generic syntax error, the
#       location of the generic failure of the first pass will be used (this avoids
#       reporting incorrect locations due to the invalid rules).
#     - The order of the alternatives involving invalid rules matter
#       (like any rule in PEG).
# Grammar Syntax (see PEP 617 for more information):
# rule_name: expression
#   Optionally, a type can be included right after the rule name, which
#   specifies the return type of the C or Python function corresponding to the
# rule_name[return_type]: expression
#   If the return type is omitted, then a void * is returned in C and an Any in
#   Python.
#   Match e1, then match e2.
#   Match e1 or e2.
#   The first alternative can also appear on the line after the rule name for
#   formatting purposes. In that case, a | must be used before the first
#   alternative, like so:
#       rule_name[return_type]:
#            | first_alt
#            | second_alt
#   Match e (allows also to use other operators in the group like '(e)*')
# [ e ] or e?
#   Optionally match e.
#   Match zero or more occurrences of e.
#   Match one or more occurrences of e.
#   Match one or more occurrences of e, separated by s. The generated parse tree
#   does not include the separator. This is otherwise identical to (e (s e)*).
#   Succeed if e can be parsed, without consuming any input.
#   Fail if e can be parsed, without consuming any input.
#   Commit to the current alternative, even if it fails to parse.
#   Eager parse e. The parser will not backtrack and will immediately
#   fail with SyntaxError if e cannot be parsed.
# STARTING RULES
# ==============
file[mod_ty]: a=[statements] ENDMARKER { _PyPegen_make_module(p, a) }
interactive[mod_ty]: a=statement_newline { _PyAST_Interactive(a, p->arena) }
eval[mod_ty]: a=expressions NEWLINE* ENDMARKER { _PyAST_Expression(a, p->arena) }
func_type[mod_ty]: '(' a=[type_expressions] ')' '->' b=expression NEWLINE* ENDMARKER { _PyAST_FunctionType(a, b, p->arena) }
# GENERAL STATEMENTS
# ==================
statements[asdl_stmt_seq*]: a=statement+ { (asdl_stmt_seq*)_PyPegen_seq_flatten(p, a) }
statement[asdl_stmt_seq*]:
    | a=compound_stmt { _PyPegen_register_stmts(p ,
                           (asdl_stmt_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a)
    | a[asdl_stmt_seq*]=simple_stmts { a }
single_compound_stmt[asdl_stmt_seq*]:
    | a=compound_stmt {
        _PyPegen_register_stmts(p, (asdl_stmt_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a)) }
statement_newline[asdl_stmt_seq*]:
    |
527E
 a=single_compound_stmt NEWLINE { a }
    | simple_stmts
    | NEWLINE { (asdl_stmt_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, CHECK(stmt_ty, _PyAST_Pass(EXTRA))) }
    | ENDMARKER { _PyPegen_interactive_exit(p) }
simple_stmts[asdl_stmt_seq*]:
    | a=simple_stmt !';' NEWLINE { (asdl_stmt_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a) } # Not needed, there for speedup
    | a[asdl_stmt_seq*]=';'.simple_stmt+ [';'] NEWLINE { a }
# NOTE: assignment MUST precede expression, else parsing a simple assignment
# will throw a SyntaxError.
simple_stmt[stmt_ty] (memo):
    | assignment
    | &"type" type_alias
    | e=star_expressions { _PyAST_Expr(e, EXTRA) }
    | &'return' return_stmt
    | &('import' | 'from') import_stmt
    | &'raise' raise_stmt
    | &'pass' pass_stmt
    | &'del' del_stmt
    | &'yield' yield_stmt
    | &'assert' assert_stmt
    | &'break' break_stmt
    | &'continue' continue_stmt
    | &'global' global_stmt
    | &'nonlocal' nonlocal_stmt
compound_stmt[stmt_ty]:
    | &('def' | '@' | 'async') function_def
    | &'if' if_stmt
    | &('class' | '@') class_def
    | &('with' | 'async') with_stmt
    | &('for' | 'async') for_stmt
    | &'try' try_stmt
    | &'while' while_stmt
    | match_stmt
# SIMPLE STATEMENTS
# =================
# NOTE: annotated_rhs may start with 'yield'; yield_expr must start with 'yield'
assignment[stmt_ty]:
    | a=NAME ':' b=expression c=['=' d=annotated_rhs { d }] {
        CHECK_VERSION(
            stmt_ty,
            "Variable annotation syntax is",
            _PyAST_AnnAssign(CHECK(expr_ty, _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Store)), b, c, 1, EXTRA)
    | a=('(' b=single_target ')' { b }
         | single_subscript_attribute_target) ':' b=expression c=['=' d=annotated_rhs { d }] {
        CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 6, "Variable annotations syntax is", _PyAST_AnnAssign(a, b, c, 0, EXTRA)) }
    | a[asdl_expr_seq*]=(z=star_targets '=' { z })+ b=annotated_rhs !'=' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] {
         _PyAST_Assign(a, b, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA) }
    | a=single_target b=augassign ~ c=annotated_rhs {
         _PyAST_AugAssign(a, b->kind, c, EXTRA) }
    | invalid_assignment
annotated_rhs[expr_ty]: yield_expr | star_expressions
augassign[AugOperator*]:
    | '+=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Add) }
    | '-=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Sub) }
    | '*=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Mult) }
    | '@=' { CHECK_VERSION(AugOperator*, 5, "The '@' operator is", _PyPegen_augoperator(p, MatMult)) }
    | '/=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Div) }
    | '%=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Mod) }
    | '&=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, BitAnd) }
    | '|=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, BitOr) }
    | '^=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, BitXor) }
    | '<<=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, LShift) }
    | '>>=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, RShift) }
    | '**=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, Pow) }
    | '//=' { _PyPegen_augoperator(p, FloorDiv) }
return_stmt[stmt_ty]:
    | 'return' a=[star_expressions] { _PyAST_Return(a, EXTRA) }
raise_stmt[stmt_ty]:
    | 'raise' a=expression b=['from' z=expression { z }] { _PyAST_Raise(a, b, EXTRA) }
    | 'raise' { _PyAST_Raise(NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }
pass_stmt[stmt_ty]:
    | 'pass' { _PyAST_Pass(EXTRA) }
break_stmt[stmt_ty]:
    | 'break' { _PyAST_Break(EXTRA) }
continue_stmt[stmt_ty]:
    | 'continue' { _PyAST_Continue(EXTRA) }
global_stmt[stmt_ty]: 'global' a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.NAME+ {
    _PyAST_Global(CHECK(asdl_identifier_seq*, _PyPegen_map_names_to_ids(p, a)), EXTRA) }
nonlocal_stmt[stmt_ty]: 'nonlocal' a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.NAME+ {
    _PyAST_Nonlocal(CHECK(asdl_identifier_seq*, _PyPegen_map_names_to_ids(p, a)), EXTRA) }
del_stmt[stmt_ty]:
    | 'del' a=del_targets &(';' | NEWLINE) { _PyAST_Delete(a, EXTRA) }
    | invalid_del_stmt
yield_stmt[stmt_ty]: y=yield_expr { _PyAST_Expr(y, EXTRA) }
assert_stmt[stmt_ty]: 'assert' a=expression b=[',' z=expression { z }] { _PyAST_Assert(a, b, EXTRA) }
import_stmt[stmt_ty]:
    | invalid_import
    | import_name
    | import_from
# Import statements
# -----------------
import_name[stmt_ty]: 'import' a=dotted_as_names { _PyAST_Import(a, EXTRA) }
# note below: the ('.' | '...') is necessary because '...' is tokenized as ELLIPSIS
import_from[stmt_ty]:
    | 'from' a=('.' | '...')* b=dotted_name 'import' c=import_from_targets {
        _PyPegen_checked_future_import(p, b->v.Name.id, c, _PyPegen_seq_count_dots(a), EXTRA) }
    | 'from' a=('.' | '...')+ 'import' b=import_from_targets {
        _PyAST_ImportFrom(NULL, b, _PyPegen_seq_count_dots(a), EXTRA) }
import_from_targets[asdl_alias_seq*]:
    | '(' a=import_from_as_names [','] ')' { a }
    | import_from_as_names !','
    | '*' { (asdl_alias_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, CHECK(alias_ty, _PyPegen_alias_for_star(p, EXTRA))) }
    | invalid_import_from_targets
import_from_as_names[asdl_alias_seq*]:
    | a[asdl_alias_seq*]=','.import_from_as_name+ { a }
import_from_as_name[alias_ty]:
    | invalid_import_from_as_name
    | a=NAME b=['as' z=NAME { z }] { _PyAST_alias(
        a->v.Name.id, (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Name.id : NULL, EXTRA) }
dotted_as_names[asdl_alias_seq*]:
    | a[asdl_alias_seq*]=','.dotted_as_name+ { a }
dotted_as_name[alias_ty]:
    | invalid_dotted_as_name
    | a=dotted_name b=['as' z=NAME { z }] { _PyAST_alias(
        a->v.Name.id, (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Name.id : NULL, EXTRA) }
dotted_name[expr_ty]:
    | a=dotted_name '.' b=NAME { _PyPegen_join_names_with_dot(p, a, b) }
# COMPOUND STATEMENTS
# ===================
# Common elements
# ---------------
block[asdl_stmt_seq*] (memo):
    | NEWLINE INDENT a=statements DEDENT { a }
    | simple_stmts
    | invalid_block
decorators[asdl_expr_seq*]: a[asdl_expr_seq*]=('@' f=named_expression NEWLINE { f })+ { a }
# Class definitions
# -----------------
class_def[stmt_ty]:
    | a=decorators b=class_def_raw { _PyPegen_class_def_decorators(p, a, b) }
    | class_def_raw
class_def_raw[stmt_ty]:
    | invalid_class_def_raw
    | 'class' a=NAME t=[type_params] b=['(' z=[arguments] ')' { z }] ':' c=block {
        _PyAST_ClassDef(a->v.Name.id,
                     (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.args : NULL,
                     (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.keywords : NULL,
                     c, NULL, t, EXTRA) }
# Function definitions
# --------------------
function_def[stmt_ty]:
    | d=decorators f=function_def_raw { _PyPegen_function_def_decorators(p, d, f) }
    | function_def_raw
function_def_raw[stmt_ty]:
    | invalid_def_raw
    | 'def' n=NAME t=[type_params] '(' params=[params] ')' a=['->' z=expression { z }] ':' tc=[func_type_comment] b=block {
        _PyAST_FunctionDef(n->v.Name.id,
                        (params) ? params : CHECK(arguments_ty, _PyPegen_empty_arguments(p)),
                        b, NULL, a, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), t, EXTRA) }
    | 'async' 'def' n=NAME t=[type_params] '(' params=[params] ')' a=['->' z=expression { z }] ':' tc=[func_type_comment] b=block {
        CHECK_VERSION(
            stmt_ty,
            "Async functions are",
            _PyAST_AsyncFunctionDef(n->v.Name.id,
                            (params) ? params : CHECK(arguments_ty, _PyPegen_empty_arguments(p)),
                            b, NULL, a, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), t, EXTRA)
# Function parameters
# -------------------
params[arguments_ty]:
    | invalid_parameters
    | parameters
parameters[arguments_ty]:
    | a=slash_no_default b[asdl_arg_seq*]=param_no_default* c=param_with_default* d=[star_etc] {
        CHECK_VERSION(arguments_ty, 8, "Positional-only parameters are", _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, a, NULL, b, c, d)) }
    | a=slash_with_default b=param_with_default* c=[star_etc] {
        CHECK_VERSION(arguments_ty, 8, "Positional-only parameters are", _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, a, NULL, b, c)) }
    | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=param_no_default+ b=param_with_default* c=[star_etc] {
        _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, a, b, c) }
    | a=param_with_default+ b=[star_etc] { _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, NULL, a, b)}
    | a=star_etc { _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, a) }
# Some duplication here because we can't write (',' | &')'),
# which is because we don't support empty alternatives (yet).
slash_no_default[asdl_arg_seq*]:
    | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=param_no_default+ '/' ',' { a }
    | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=param_no_default+ '/' &')' { a }
slash_with_default[SlashWithDefault*]:
    | a=param_no_default* b=param_with_default+ '/' ',' { _PyPegen_slash_with_default(p, (asdl_arg_seq *)a, b) }
    | a=param_no_default* b=param_with_default+ '/' &')' { _PyPegen_slash_with_default(p, (asdl_arg_seq *)a, b) }
star_etc[StarEtc*]:
    | invalid_star_etc
    | '*' a=param_no_default b=param_maybe_default* c=[kwds] {
        _PyPegen_star_etc(p, a, b, c) }
    | '*' a=param_no_default_star_annotation b=param_maybe_default* c=[kwds] {
        _PyPegen_star_etc(p, a, b, c) }
    | '*' ',' b=param_maybe_default+ c=[kwds] {
        _PyPegen_star_etc(p, NULL, b, c) }
    | a=kwds { _PyPegen_star_etc(p, NULL, NULL, a) }
kwds[arg_ty]:
    | invalid_kwds
    | '**' a=param_no_default { a }
# One parameter.  This *includes* a following comma and type comment.
# There are three styles:
# - No default
# - With default
# - Maybe with default
# There are two alternative forms of each, to deal with type comments:
# - Ends in a comma followed by an optional type comment
# - No comma, optional type comment, must be followed by close paren
# The latter form is for a final parameter without trailing comma.
param_no_default[arg_ty]:
    | a=param ',' tc=TYPE_COMMENT? { _PyPegen_add_type_comment_to_arg(p, a, tc) }
    | a=param tc=TYPE_COMMENT? &')' { _PyPegen_add_type_comment_to_arg(p, a, tc) }
param_no_default_star_annotation[arg_ty]:
    | a=param_star_annotation ',' tc=TYPE_COMMENT? { _PyPegen_add_type_comment_to_arg(p, a, tc) }
    | a=param_star_annotation tc=TYPE_COMMENT? &')' { _PyPegen_add_type_comment_to_arg(p, a, tc) }
param_with_default[NameDefaultPair*]:
    | a=param c=default ',' tc=TYPE_COMMENT? { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, tc) }
    | a=param c=default tc=TYPE_COMMENT? &')' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, tc) }<
5276
/div>
param_maybe_default[NameDefaultPair*]:
    | a=param c=default? ',' tc=TYPE_COMMENT? { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, tc) }
    | a=param c=default? tc=TYPE_COMMENT? &')' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, tc) }
param[arg_ty]: a=NAME b=annotation? { _PyAST_arg(a->v.Name.id, b, NULL, EXTRA) }
param_star_annotation[arg_ty]: a=NAME b=star_annotation { _PyAST_arg(a->v.Name.id, b, NULL, EXTRA) }
annotation[expr_ty]: ':' a=expression { a }
star_annotation[expr_ty]: ':' a=star_expression { a }
default[expr_ty]: '=' a=expression { a } | invalid_default
# If statement
# ------------
if_stmt[stmt_ty]:
    | invalid_if_stmt
    | 'if' a=named_expression ':' b=block c=elif_stmt {
        _PyAST_If(a, b, CHECK(asdl_stmt_seq*, _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, c)), EXTRA) }
    | 'if' a=named_expression ':' b=block c=[else_block] { _PyAST_If(a, b, c, EXTRA) }
elif_stmt[stmt_ty]:
    | invalid_elif_stmt
    | 'elif' a=named_expression ':' b=block c=elif_stmt {
        _PyAST_If(a, b, CHECK(asdl_stmt_seq*, _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, c)), EXTRA) }
    | 'elif' a=named_expression ':' b=block c=[else_block] { _PyAST_If(a, b, c, EXTRA) }
else_block[asdl_stmt_seq*]:
    | invalid_else_stmt
    | 'else' &&':' b=block { b }
# While statement
# ---------------
while_stmt[stmt_ty]:
    | invalid_while_stmt
    | 'while' a=named_expression ':' b=block c=[else_block] { _PyAST_While(a, b, c, EXTRA) }
# For statement
# -------------
for_stmt[stmt_ty]:
    | invalid_for_stmt
    | 'for' t=star_targets 'in' ~ ex=star_expressions ':' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] b=block el=[else_block] {
        _PyAST_For(t, ex, b, el, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA) }
    | 'async' 'for' t=star_targets 'in' ~ ex=star_expressions ':' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] b=block el=[else_block] {
        CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 5, "Async for loops are", _PyAST_AsyncFor(t, ex, b, el, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA)) }
    | invalid_for_target
# With statement
# --------------
with_stmt[stmt_ty]:
    | invalid_with_stmt_indent
    | 'with' '(' a[asdl_withitem_seq*]=','.with_item+ ','? ')' ':' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] b=block {
       _PyAST_With(a, b, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA) }
    | 'with' a[asdl_withitem_seq*]=','.with_item+ ':' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] b=block {
        _PyAST_With(a, b, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA) }
    | 'async' 'with' '(' a[asdl_withitem_seq*]=','.with_item+ ','? ')' ':' b=block {
       CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 5, "Async with statements are", _PyAST_AsyncWith(a, b, NULL, EXTRA)) }
    | 'async' 'with' a[asdl_withitem_seq*]=','.with_item+ ':' tc=[TYPE_COMMENT] b=block {
       CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 5, "Async with statements are", _PyAST_AsyncWith(a, b, NEW_TYPE_COMMENT(p, tc), EXTRA)) }
    | invalid_with_stmt
with_item[withitem_ty]:
    | e=expression 'as' t=star_target &(',' | ')' | ':') { _PyAST_withitem(e, t, p->arena) }
    | invalid_with_item
    | e=expression { _PyAST_withitem(e, NULL, p->arena) }
# Try statement
# -------------
try_stmt[stmt_ty]:
    | invalid_try_stmt
    | 'try' &&':' b=block f=finally_block { _PyAST_Try(b, NULL, NULL, f, EXTRA) }
    | 'try' &&':' b=block ex[asdl_excepthandler_seq*]=except_block+ el=[else_block] f=[finally_block] { _PyAST_Try(b, ex, el, f, EXTRA) }
    | 'try' &&':' b=block ex[asdl_excepthandler_seq*]=except_star_block+ el=[else_block] f=[finally_block] {
        CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 11, "Exception groups are",
                      _PyAST_TryStar(b, ex, el, f, EXTRA)) }
# Except statement
# ----------------
except_block[excepthandler_ty]:
    | invalid_except_stmt_indent
    | 'except' e=expression ':' b=block {
        _PyAST_ExceptHandler(e, NULL, b, EXTRA) }
    | 'except' e=expression 'as' t=NAME ':' b=block {
        _PyAST_ExceptHandler(e, ((expr_ty) t)->v.Name.id, b, EXTRA) }
    | 'except' e=expressions ':' b=block {
        CHECK_VERSION(
            excepthandler_ty,
            "except expressions without parentheses are",
            _PyAST_ExceptHandler(e, NULL, b, EXTRA)) }
    | 'except' ':' b=block { _PyAST_ExceptHandler(NULL, NULL, b, EXTRA) }
    | invalid_except_stmt
except_star_block[excepthandler_ty]:
    | invalid_except_star_stmt_indent
    | 'except' '*' e=expression ':' b=block {
        _PyAST_ExceptHandler(e, NULL, b, EXTRA) }
    | 'except' '*' e=expression 'as' t=NAME ':' b=block {
        _PyAST_ExceptHandler(e, ((expr_ty) t)->v.Name.id, b, EXTRA) }
    | 'except' '*' e=expressions ':' b=block {
        CHECK_VERSION(
            excepthandler_ty,
            "except expressions without parentheses are",
            _PyAST_ExceptHandler(e,  NULL, b, EXTRA)) }
    | invalid_except_star_stmt
finally_block[asdl_stmt_seq*]:
    | invalid_finally_stmt
    | 'finally' &&':' a=block { a }
# Match statement
# ---------------
match_stmt[stmt_ty]:
    | "match" subject=subject_expr ':' NEWLINE INDENT cases[asdl_match_case_seq*]=case_block+ DEDENT {
        CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 10, "Pattern matching is", _PyAST_Match(subject, cases, EXTRA)) }
    | invalid_match_stmt
subject_expr[expr_ty]:
    | value=star_named_expression ',' values=star_named_expressions? {
        _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, value, values)), Load, EXTRA) }
    | named_expression
case_block[match_case_ty]:
    | invalid_case_block
    | "case" pattern=patterns guard=guard? ':' body=block {
        _PyAST_match_case(pattern, guard, body, p->arena) }
guard[expr_ty]: 'if' guard=named_expression { guard }
patterns[pattern_ty]:
    | patterns[asdl_pattern_seq*]=open_sequence_pattern {
        _PyAST_MatchSequence(patterns, EXTRA) }
    | pattern
pattern[pattern_ty]:
    | as_pattern
    | or_pattern
as_pattern[pattern_ty]:
    | pattern=or_pattern 'as' target=pattern_capture_target {
        _PyAST_MatchAs(pattern, target->v.Name.id, EXTRA) }
    | invalid_as_pattern
or_pattern[pattern_ty]:
    | patterns[asdl_pattern_seq*]='|'.closed_pattern+ {
        asdl_seq_LEN(patterns) == 1 ? asdl_seq_GET(patterns, 0) : _PyAST_MatchOr(patterns, EXTRA) }
closed_pattern[pattern_ty] (memo):
    | literal_pattern
    | capture_pattern
    | wildcard_pattern
    | value_pattern
    | group_pattern
    | sequence_pattern
    | mapping_pattern
    | class_pattern
# Literal patterns are used for equality and identity constraints
literal_pattern[pattern_ty]:
    | value=signed_number !('+' | '-') { _PyAST_MatchValue(value, EXTRA) }
    | value=complex_number { _PyAST_MatchValue(value, EXTRA) }
    | value=strings { _PyAST_MatchValue(value, EXTRA) }
    | 'None' { _PyAST_MatchSingleton(Py_None, EXTRA) }
    | 'True' { _PyAST_MatchSingleton(Py_True, EXTRA) }
    | 'False' { _PyAST_MatchSingleton(Py_False, EXTRA) }
# Literal expressions are used to restrict permitted mapping pattern keys
literal_expr[expr_ty]:
    | signed_number !('+' | '-')
    | complex_number
    | &(STRING|FSTRING_START|TSTRING_START) strings
    | 'None' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_None, NULL, EXTRA) }
    | 'True' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_True, NULL, EXTRA) }
    | 'False' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_False, NULL, EXTRA) }
complex_number[expr_ty]:
    | real=signed_real_number '+' imag=imaginary_number {
        _PyAST_BinOp(real, Add, imag, EXTRA) }
    | real=signed_real_number '-' imag=imaginary_number  {
        _PyAST_BinOp(real, Sub, imag, EXTRA) }
signed_number[expr_ty]:
    | NUMBER
    | '-' number=NUMBER { _PyAST_UnaryOp(USub, number, EXTRA) }
signed_real_number[expr_ty]:
    | real_number
    | '-' real=real_number { _PyAST_UnaryOp(USub, real, EXTRA) }
real_number[expr_ty]:
    | real=NUMBER { _PyPegen_ensure_real(p, real) }
imaginary_number[expr_ty]:
    | imag=NUMBER { _PyPegen_ensure_imaginary(p, imag) }
capture_pattern[pattern_ty]:
    | target=pattern_capture_target { _PyAST_MatchAs(NULL, target->v.Name.id, EXTRA) }
pattern_capture_target[expr_ty]:
    | !"_" name=NAME !('.' | '(' | '=') {
        _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, name, Store) }
wildcard_pattern[pattern_ty]:
    | "_" { _PyAST_MatchAs(NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }
value_pattern[pattern_ty]:
    | attr=attr !('.' | '(' | '=') { _PyAST_MatchValue(attr, EXTRA) }
attr[expr_ty]:
    | value=name_or_attr '.' attr=NAME {
        _PyAST_Attribute(value, attr->v.Name.id, Load, EXTRA) }
name_or_attr[expr_ty]:
group_pattern[pattern_ty]:
    | '(' pattern=pattern ')' { pattern }
sequence_pattern[pattern_ty]:
    | '[' patterns=maybe_sequence_pattern? ']' { _PyAST_MatchSequence(patterns, EXTRA) }
    | '(' patterns=open_sequence_pattern? ')' { _PyAST_MatchSequence(patterns, EXTRA) }
open_sequence_pattern[asdl_seq*]:
    | pattern=maybe_star_pattern ',' patterns=maybe_sequence_pattern? {
        _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, pattern, patterns) }
maybe_sequence_pattern[asdl_seq*]:
    | patterns=','.maybe_star_pattern+ ','? { patterns }
maybe_star_pattern[pattern_ty]:
    | star_pattern
    | pattern
star_pattern[pattern_ty] (memo):
    | '*' target=pattern_capture_target {
        _PyAST_MatchStar(target->v.Name.id, EXTRA) }
    | '*' wildcard_pattern {
        _PyAST_MatchStar(NULL, EXTRA) }
mapping_pattern[pattern_ty]:
    | '{' '}' {
        _PyAST_MatchMapping(NULL, NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }
    | '{' rest=double_star_pattern ','? '}' {
        _PyAST_MatchMapping(NULL, NULL, rest->v.Name.id, EXTRA) }
    | '{' items=items_pattern ',' rest=double_star_pattern ','? '}' {
        _PyAST_MatchMapping(
            CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_pattern_keys(p, items)),
            CHECK(asdl_pattern_seq*, _PyPegen_get_patterns(p, items)),
            rest->v.Name.id,
            EXTRA) }
    | '{' items=items_pattern ','? '}' {
        _PyAST_MatchMapping(
            CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_pattern_keys(p, items)),
            CHECK(asdl_pattern_seq*, _PyPegen_get_patterns(p, items)),
            NULL,
            EXTRA) }
items_pattern[asdl_seq*]:
    | ','.key_value_pattern+
key_value_pattern[KeyPatternPair*]:
    | key=(literal_expr | attr) ':' pattern=pattern {
        _PyPegen_key_pattern_pair(p, key, pattern) }
double_star_pattern[expr_ty]:
    | '**' target=pattern_capture_target { target }
class_pattern[pattern_ty]:
    | cls=name_or_attr '(' ')' {
        _PyAST_MatchClass(cls, NULL, NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }
    | cls=name_or_attr '(' patterns=positional_patterns ','? ')' {
        _PyAST_MatchClass(cls, patterns, NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }
    | cls=name_or_attr '(' keywords=keyword_patterns ','? ')' {
        _PyAST_MatchClass(
            cls, NULL,
            CHECK(asdl_identifier_seq*, _PyPegen_map_names_to_ids(p,
                CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_pattern_keys(p, keywords)))),
            CHECK(asdl_pattern_seq*, _PyPegen_get_patterns(p, keywords)),
            EXTRA) }
    | cls=name_or_attr '(' patterns=positional_patterns ',' keywords=keyword_patterns ','? ')' {
        _PyAST_MatchClass(
            cls,
            patterns,
            CHECK(asdl_identifier_seq*, _PyPegen_map_names_to_ids(p,
                CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_pattern_keys(p, keywords)))),
            CHECK(asdl_pattern_seq*, _PyPegen_get_patterns(p, keywords)),
            EXTRA) }
    | invalid_class_pattern
positional_patterns[asdl_pattern_seq*]:
    | args[asdl_pattern_seq*]=','.pattern+ { args }
keyword_patterns[asdl_seq*]:
    | ','.keyword_pattern+
keyword_pattern[KeyPatternPair*]:
    | arg=NAME '=' value=pattern { _PyPegen_key_pattern_pair(p, arg, value) }
# Type statement
# ---------------
type_alias[stmt_ty]:
    | "type" n=NAME t=[type_params] '=' b=expression {
        CHECK_VERSION(stmt_ty, 12, "Type statement is",
        _PyAST_TypeAlias(CHECK(expr_ty, _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, n, Store)), t, b, EXTRA)) }
# Type parameter declaration
# --------------------------
type_params[asdl_type_param_seq*]:
    | invalid_type_params
    | '[' t=type_param_seq ']' {
        CHECK_VERSION(asdl_type_param_seq *, 12, "Type parameter lists are", t) }
type_param_seq[asdl_type_param_seq*]: a[asdl_type_param_seq*]=','.type_param+ [','] { a }
type_param[type_param_ty] (memo):
    | a=NAME b=[type_param_bound] c=[type_param_default] { _PyAST_TypeVar(a->v.Name.id, b, c, EXTRA) }
    | invalid_type_param
    | '*' a=NAME b=[type_param_starred_default] { _PyAST_TypeVarTuple(a->v.Name.id, b, EXTRA) }
    | '**' a=NAME b=[type_param_default] { _PyAST_ParamSpec(a->v.Name.id, b, EXTRA) }
type_param_bound[expr_ty]: ':' e=expression { e }
type_param_default[expr_ty]: '=' e=expression {
    CHECK_VERSION(expr_ty, 13, "Type parameter defaults are", e) }
type_param_starred_default[expr_ty]: '=' e=star_expression {
    CHECK_VERSION(expr_ty, 13, "Type parameter defaults are", e) }
# EXPRESSIONS
# -----------
expressions[expr_ty]:
    | a=expression b=(',' c=expression { c })+ [','] {
        _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b)), Load, EXTRA) }
    | a=expression ',' { _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a)), Load, EXTRA) }
<
85EA
/div>    | expression
expression[expr_ty] (memo):
    | invalid_expression
    | invalid_legacy_expression
    | a=disjunction 'if' b=disjunction 'else' c=expression { _PyAST_IfExp(b, a, c, EXTRA) }
    | disjunction
    | lambdef
yield_expr[expr_ty]:
    | 'yield' 'from' a=expression { _PyAST_YieldFrom(a, EXTRA) }
    | 'yield' a=[star_expressions] { _PyAST_Yield(a, EXTRA) }
star_expressions[expr_ty]:
    | a=star_expression b=(',' c=star_expression { c })+ [','] {
        _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b)), Load, EXTRA) }
    | a=star_expression ',' { _PyAST_Tuple(CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, a)), Load, EXTRA) }
    | star_expression
star_expression[expr_ty] (memo):
    | '*' a=bitwise_or { _PyAST_Starred(a, Load, EXTRA) }
    | expression
star_named_expressions[asdl_expr_seq*]: a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.star_named_expression+ [','] { a }
star_named_expression[expr_ty]:
    | '*' a=bitwise_or { _PyAST_Starred(a, Load, EXTRA) }
    | named_expression
assignment_expression[expr_ty]:
    | a=NAME ':=' ~ b=expression {
        CHECK_VERSION(expr_ty, 8, "Assignment expressions are",
        _PyAST_NamedExpr(CHECK(expr_ty, _PyPegen_set_expr_context(p, a, Store)), b, EXTRA)) }
named_expression[expr_ty]:
    | assignment_expression
    | invalid_named_expression
    | expression !':='
disjunction[expr_ty] (memo):
    | a=conjunction b=('or' c=conjunction { c })+ { _PyAST_BoolOp(
        Or,
        CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b)),
        EXTRA) }
    | conjunction
conjunction[expr_ty] (memo):
    | a=inversion b=('and' c=inversion { c })+ { _PyAST_BoolOp(
        And,
        CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, a, b)),
        EXTRA) }
    | inversion
inversion[expr_ty] (memo):
    | 'not' a=inversion { _PyAST_UnaryOp(Not, a, EXTRA) }
    | comparison
# Comparison operators
# --------------------
comparison[expr_ty]:
    | a=bitwise_or b=compare_op_bitwise_or_pair+ {
        _PyAST_Compare(
            CHECK(asdl_int_seq*, _PyPegen_get_cmpops(p, b)),
            CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, _PyPegen_get_exprs(p, b)),
            EXTRA) }
    | bitwise_or
compare_op_bitwise_or_pair[CmpopExprPair*]:
    | eq_bitwise_or
    | noteq_bitwise_or
    | lte_bitwise_or
    | lt_bitwise_or
    | gte_bitwise_or
    | gt_bitwise_or
    | notin_bitwise_or
    | in_bitwise_or
    | isnot_bitwise_or
    | is_bitwise_or
eq_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: '==' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, Eq, a) }
noteq_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]:
    | (tok='!=' { _PyPegen_check_barry_as_flufl(p, tok) ? NULL : tok}) a=bitwise_or {_PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, NotEq, a) }
lte_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: '<=' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, LtE, a) }
lt_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: '<' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, Lt, a) }
gte_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: '>=' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, GtE, a) }
gt_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: '>' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, Gt, a) }
notin_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: 'not' 'in' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, NotIn, a) }
in_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: 'in' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, In, a) }
isnot_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: 'is' 'not' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, IsNot, a) }
is_bitwise_or[CmpopExprPair*]: 'is' a=bitwise_or { _PyPegen_cmpop_expr_pair(p, Is, a) }
# Bitwise operators
# -----------------
bitwise_or[expr_ty]:
    | a=bitwise_or '|' b=bitwise_xor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, BitOr, b, EXTRA) }
    | bitwise_xor
bitwise_xor[expr_ty]:
    | a=bitwise_xor '^' b=bitwise_and { _PyAST_BinOp(a, BitXor, b, EXTRA) }
    | bitwise_and
bitwise_and[expr_ty]:
    | a=bitwise_and '&' b=shift_expr { _PyAST_BinOp(a, BitAnd, b, EXTRA) }
    | shift_expr
shift_expr[expr_ty]:
    | a=shift_expr '<<' b=sum { _PyAST_BinOp(a, LShift, b, EXTRA) }
    | a=shift_expr '>>' b=sum { _PyAST_BinOp(a, RShift, b, EXTRA) }
    | invalid_arithmetic
# Arithmetic operators
# --------------------
sum[expr_ty]:
    | a=sum '+' b=term { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Add, b, EXTRA) }
    | a=sum '-' b=term { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Sub, b, EXTRA) }
term[expr_ty]:
    | a=term '*' b=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Mult, b, EXTRA) }
    | a=term '/' b=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Div, b, EXTRA) }
    | a=term '//' b=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, FloorDiv, b, EXTRA) }
    | a=term '%' b=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Mod, b, EXTRA) }
    | a=term '@' b=factor { CHECK_VERSION(expr_ty, 5, "The '@' operator is", _PyAST_BinOp(a, MatMult, b, EXTRA)) }
    | invalid_factor
    | factor
factor[expr_ty] (memo):
    | '+' a=factor { _PyAST_UnaryOp(UAdd, a, EXTRA) }
    | '-' a=factor { _PyAST_UnaryOp(USub, a, EXTRA) }
    | '~' a=factor { _PyAST_UnaryOp(Invert, a, EXTRA) }
    | power
power[expr_ty]:
    | a=await_primary '**' b=factor { _PyAST_BinOp(a, Pow, b, EXTRA) }
    | await_primary
# Primary elements
# ----------------
# Primary elements are things like "obj.something.something", "obj[something]", "obj(something)", "obj" ...
await_primary[expr_ty] (memo):
    | 'await' a=primary { CHECK_VERSION(expr_ty, 5, "Await expressions are", _PyAST_Await(a, EXTRA)) }
    | primary
primary[expr_ty]:
    | a=primary '.' b=NAME { _PyAST_Attribute(a, b->v.Name.id, Load, EXTRA) }
    | a=primary b=genexp { _PyAST_Call(a, CHECK(asdl_expr_seq*, (asdl_expr_seq*)_PyPegen_singleton_seq(p, b)), NULL, EXTRA) }
    | a=primary '(' b=[arguments] ')' {
        _PyAST_Call(a,
                 (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.args : NULL,
                 (b) ? ((expr_ty) b)->v.Call.keywords : NULL,
                 EXTRA) }
    | a=primary '[' b=slices ']' { _PyAST_Subscript(a, b, Load, EXTRA) }
slices[expr_ty]:
    | a=slice !',' { a }
    | a[asdl_expr_seq*]=','.(slice | starred_expression)+ [','] { _PyAST_Tuple(a, Load, EXTRA) }
slice[expr_ty]:
    | a=[expression] ':' b=[expression] c=[':' d=[expression] { d }] { _PyAST_Slice(a, b, c, EXTRA) }
    | a=named_expression { a }
atom[expr_ty]:
    | 'True' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_True, NULL, EXTRA) }
    | 'False' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_False, NULL, EXTRA) }
    | 'None' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_None, NULL, EXTRA) }
    | &(STRING|FSTRING_START|TSTRING_START) strings
    | NUMBER
    | &'(' (tuple | group | genexp)
    | &'[' (list | listcomp)
    | &'{' (dict | set | dictcomp | setcomp)
    | '...' { _PyAST_Constant(Py_Ellipsis, NULL, EXTRA) }
<
AB69
/div>
group[expr_ty]:
    | '(' a=(yield_expr | named_expression) ')' { a }
    | invalid_group
# Lambda functions
# ----------------
lambdef[expr_ty]:
    | 'lambda' a=[lambda_params] ':' b=expression {
        _PyAST_Lambda((a) ? a : CHECK(arguments_ty, _PyPegen_empty_arguments(p)), b, EXTRA) }
lambda_params[arguments_ty]:
    | invalid_lambda_parameters
    | lambda_parameters
# lambda_parameters etc. duplicates parameters but without annotations
# or type comments, and if there's no comma after a parameter, we expect
# a colon, not a close parenthesis.  (For more, see parameters above.)
lambda_parameters[arguments_ty]:
    | a=lambda_slash_no_default b[asdl_arg_seq*]=lambda_param_no_default* c=lambda_param_with_default* d=[lambda_star_etc] {
        CHECK_VERSION(arguments_ty, 8, "Positional-only parameters are", _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, a, NULL, b, c, d)) }
    | a=lambda_slash_with_default b=lambda_param_with_default* c=[lambda_star_etc] {
        CHECK_VERSION(arguments_ty, 8, "Positional-only parameters are", _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, a, NULL, b, c)) }
    | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=lambda_param_no_default+ b=lambda_param_with_default* c=[lambda_star_etc] {
        _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, a, b, c) }
    | a=lambda_param_with_default+ b=[lambda_star_etc] { _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, NULL, a, b)}
    | a=lambda_star_etc { _PyPegen_make_arguments(p, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, a) }
lambda_slash_no_default[asdl_arg_seq*]:
    | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=lambda_param_no_default+ '/' ',' { a }
    | a[asdl_arg_seq*]=lambda_param_no_default+ '/' &':' { a }
lambda_slash_with_default[SlashWithDefault*]:
    | a=lambda_param_no_default* b=lambda_param_with_default+ '/' ',' { _PyPegen_slash_with_default(p, (asdl_arg_seq *)a, b) }
    | a=lambda_param_no_default* b=lambda_param_with_default+ '/' &':' { _PyPegen_slash_with_default(p, (asdl_arg_seq *)a, b) }
lambda_star_etc[StarEtc*]:
    | invalid_lambda_star_etc
    | '*' a=lambda_param_no_default b=lambda_param_maybe_default* c=[lambda_kwds] {
        _PyPegen_star_etc(p, a, b, c) }
    | '*' ',' b=lambda_param_maybe_default+ c=[lambda_kwds] {
        _PyPegen_star_etc(p, NULL, b, c) }
    | a=lambda_kwds { _PyPegen_star_etc(p, NULL, NULL, a) }
lambda_kwds[arg_ty]:
    | invalid_lambda_kwds
    | '**' a=lambda_param_no_default { a }
lambda_param_no_default[arg_ty]:
    | a=lambda_param ',' { a }
    | a=lambda_param &':' { a }
lambda_param_with_default[NameDefaultPair*]:
    | a=lambda_param c=default ',' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, NULL) }
    | a=lambda_param c=default &':' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, NULL) }
lambda_param_maybe_default[NameDefaultPair*]:
    | a=lambda_param c=default? ',' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, NULL) }
    | a=lambda_param c=default? &':' { _PyPegen_name_default_pair(p, a, c, NULL) }
lambda_param[arg_ty]: a=NAME { _PyAST_arg(a->v.Name.id, NULL, NULL, EXTRA) }
fstring_middle[expr_ty]:
    | fstring_replacement_field
    | t=FSTRING_MIDDLE { _PyPegen_constant_from_token(p, t) }
fstring_replacement_field[expr_ty]:
    | '{' a=annotated_rhs debug_expr='='? conversion=[fstring_conversion] format=[fstring_full_format_spec] rbrace='}' {
        _PyPegen_formatted_value(p, a, debug_expr, conversion, format, rbrace, EXTRA) }
    | invalid_fstring_replacement_field
fstring_conversion[ResultTokenWithMetadata*]:
    | conv_token="!" conv=NAME { _PyPegen_check_fstring_conversion(p, conv_token, conv) }
fstring_full_format_spec[ResultTokenWithMetadata*]:
    | colon=':' spec=fstring_format_spec* { _PyPegen_setup_full_format_spec(p, colon, (asdl_expr_seq *) spec, EXTRA) }
fstring_format_spec[expr_ty]:
    | t=FSTRING_MIDDLE { _PyPegen_decoded_constant_from_token(p, t) }
    | fstring_replacement_field
fstring[expr_ty]:
    | a=FSTRING_START b=fstring_middle* c=FSTRING_END { _PyPegen_joined_str(p, a, (asdl_expr_seq*)b, c) }
tstring_format_spec_replacement_field[expr_ty]:
    | '{' a=annotated_rhs debug_expr='='? conversion=[fstring_conversion] format=[tstring_full_format_spec] rbrace='}' {
        _PyPegen_formatted_value(p, a, debug_expr, conversion, format, rbrace, EXTRA) }
    | invalid_tstring_replacement_field
tstring_format_spec[expr_ty]:
    | t=TSTRING_MIDDLE { _PyPegen_decoded_constant_from_token(p, t) }
    | tstring_format_spec_replacement_field
tstring_full_format_spec[ResultTokenWithMetadata*]:
    | colon=':' spec=tstring_format_spec* { _PyPegen_setup_full_format_spec(p, colon, (asdl_expr_seq *) spec, EXTRA) }
tstring_replacement_field[expr_ty]:
    | '{' a=annotated_rhs debug_expr='='? conversion=[fstring_conversion] format=[tstring_full_format_spec] rbrace='}' {
        _PyPegen_interpolation(p, a, debug_expr, conversion, format, rbrace, EXTRA) }
    | invalid_tstring_replacement_field
tstring_middle[expr_ty]:
    | tstring_replacement_field
    | t=TSTRING_MIDDLE { _PyPegen_constant_from_token(p, t) }
tstring[expr_ty] (memo):
    | a=TSTRING_START b=tstring_middle* c=TSTRING_END {
        CHECK_VERSION(
            expr_ty,
            "t-strings are",
            _PyPegen_template_str(p, a, (asdl_expr_seq*)b, c)) }
string[expr_ty]: s[Token*]=STRING { _PyPegen_constant_from_string(p, s) }
strings[expr_ty] (memo):
    | invalid_string_tstring_concat
    | a[asdl_expr_seq*]=(fstring|string)+ { _PyPegen_concatenate_strings(p, a, EXTRA) }
    | a[asdl_expr_seq*]=tstring+ { _PyPegen_concatenate_tstrings(p, a, EXTRA) }
list[expr_ty]:
    | '[' a=[star_named_expressions] ']' { _PyAST_List(a, Load, EXTRA) }
tuple[expr_ty]:
    | '(' a=[y=star_named_expression ',' z=[star_named_expressions] { _PyPegen_seq_insert_in_front(p, y, z) } ] ')' {
        _PyAST_Tuple(a, Load, EXTRA) }
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