diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index b192508c78685c..3478af18f0e9cb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -43,6 +43,53 @@ jobs:
if: fromJSON(needs.build-context.outputs.run-docs)
uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-docs.yml
+ check-abi:
+ name: 'Check if the ABI has changed'
+ runs-on: ubuntu-22.04 # 24.04 causes spurious errors
+ needs: build-context
+ if: needs.build-context.outputs.run-tests == 'true'
+ steps:
+ - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+ with:
+ persist-credentials: false
+ - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+ with:
+ python-version: '3.x'
+ - name: Install dependencies
+ run: |
+ sudo ./.github/workflows/posix-deps-apt.sh
+ sudo apt-get install -yq abigail-tools
+ - name: Build CPython
+ env:
+ CFLAGS: -g3 -O0
+ run: |
+ # Build Python with the libpython dynamic library
+ ./configure --enable-shared
+ make -j4
+ - name: Check for changes in the ABI
+ id: check
+ run: |
+ if ! make check-abidump; then
+ echo "Generated ABI file is not up to date."
+ echo "Please add the release manager of this branch as a reviewer of this PR."
+ echo ""
+ echo "The up to date ABI file should be attached to this build as an artifact."
+ echo ""
+ echo "To learn more about this check: https://devguide.python.org/getting-started/setup-building/index.html#regenerate-the-abi-dump"
+ echo ""
+ exit 1
+ fi
+ - name: Generate updated ABI files
+ if: ${{ failure() && steps.check.conclusion == 'failure' }}
+ run: |
+ make regen-abidump
+ - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+ name: Publish updated ABI files
+ if: ${{ failure() && steps.check.conclusion == 'failure' }}
+ with:
+ name: abi-data
+ path: ./Doc/data/*.abi
+
check-autoconf-regen:
name: 'Check if Autoconf files are up to date'
# Don't use ubuntu-latest but a specific version to make the job
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mypy.yml b/.github/workflows/mypy.yml
index 908daaf3a6019a..2c7c4945b8b8c2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/mypy.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/mypy.yml
@@ -13,7 +13,11 @@ on:
- "Lib/test/libregrtest/**"
- "Lib/tomllib/**"
- "Misc/mypy/**"
+ - "Tools/build/compute-changes.py"
- "Tools/build/generate_sbom.py"
+ - "Tools/build/generate-build-details.py"
+ - "Tools/build/verify_ensurepip_wheels.py"
+ - "Tools/build/update_file.py"
- "Tools/cases_generator/**"
- "Tools/clinic/**"
- "Tools/jit/**"
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 2a6f249275c32e..7965f6a404368e 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -170,6 +170,3 @@ Python/frozen_modules/MANIFEST
# Ignore ./python binary on Unix but still look into ./Python/ directory.
/python
!/Python/
-
-# main branch only: ABI files are not checked/maintained.
-Doc/data/python*.abi
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/init.rst b/Doc/c-api/init.rst
index 52f64a61006b74..d538ef18fbc25c 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/init.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/init.rst
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ to 1 and ``-bb`` sets :c:data:`Py_BytesWarningFlag` to 2.
Set by the :option:`-i` option.
- .. deprecated:: 3.12
+ .. deprecated-removed:: 3.12 3.15
.. c:var:: int Py_IsolatedFlag
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/unicode.rst b/Doc/c-api/unicode.rst
index 95987e872ce639..cdd90d05b70b36 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/unicode.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/unicode.rst
@@ -645,6 +645,17 @@ APIs:
difference being that it decrements the reference count of *right* by one.
+.. c:function:: PyObject* PyUnicode_BuildEncodingMap(PyObject* string)
+
+ Return a mapping suitable for decoding a custom single-byte encoding.
+ Given a Unicode string *string* of up to 256 characters representing an encoding
+ table, returns either a compact internal mapping object or a dictionary
+ mapping character ordinals to byte values. Raises a :exc:`TypeError` and
+ return ``NULL`` on invalid input.
+
+ .. versionadded:: 3.2
+
+
.. c:function:: const char* PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding(void)
Return the name of the default string encoding, ``"utf-8"``.
diff --git a/Doc/data/python3.14.abi b/Doc/data/python3.14.abi
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..c13b44e0945389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/data/python3.14.abi
@@ -0,0 +1,31341 @@
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diff --git a/Doc/data/refcounts.dat b/Doc/data/refcounts.dat
index ca99b9e6d37141..c97cd2b8d1e3cb 100644
--- a/Doc/data/refcounts.dat
+++ b/Doc/data/refcounts.dat
@@ -2781,6 +2781,9 @@ PyUnicode_AppendAndDel:void:::
PyUnicode_AppendAndDel:PyObject**:p_left:0:
PyUnicode_AppendAndDel:PyObject*:right:-1:
+PyUnicode_BuildEncodingMap:PyObject*::+1:
+PyUnicode_BuildEncodingMap:PyObject*:string:::
+
PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding:const char*:::
PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding::void::
diff --git a/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst
index 6159fa48848285..9aac10840a663f 100644
--- a/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst
+++ b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.14.rst
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Pending removal in Python 3.14
:meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.relative_to`: passing additional arguments is
deprecated.
-* :mod:`pkgutil`: :func:`!pkgutil.find_loader` and :func:!pkgutil.get_loader`
+* :mod:`pkgutil`: :func:`!pkgutil.find_loader` and :func:`!pkgutil.get_loader`
now raise :exc:`DeprecationWarning`;
use :func:`importlib.util.find_spec` instead.
(Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in :gh:`97850`.)
diff --git a/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst
index 7b32275ad86760..c80588b27b635a 100644
--- a/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst
+++ b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.15.rst
@@ -85,6 +85,13 @@ Pending removal in Python 3.15
has been deprecated since Python 3.13.
Use the class-based syntax or the functional syntax instead.
+ * When using the functional syntax of :class:`~typing.TypedDict`\s, failing
+ to pass a value to the *fields* parameter (``TD = TypedDict("TD")``) or
+ passing ``None`` (``TD = TypedDict("TD", None)``) has been deprecated
+ since Python 3.13.
+ Use ``class TD(TypedDict): pass`` or ``TD = TypedDict("TD", {})``
+ to create a TypedDict with zero field.
+
* The :func:`typing.no_type_check_decorator` decorator function
has been deprecated since Python 3.13.
After eight years in the :mod:`typing` module,
diff --git a/Doc/library/annotationlib.rst b/Doc/library/annotationlib.rst
index ff9578b6088f28..41c9ce479ff0f8 100644
--- a/Doc/library/annotationlib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/annotationlib.rst
@@ -127,16 +127,27 @@ Classes
Values are the result of evaluating the annotation expressions.
- .. attribute:: FORWARDREF
+ .. attribute:: VALUE_WITH_FAKE_GLOBALS
:value: 2
+ Special value used to signal that an annotate function is being
+ evaluated in a special environment with fake globals. When passed this
+ value, annotate functions should either return the same value as for
+ the :attr:`Format.VALUE` format, or raise :exc:`NotImplementedError`
+ to signal that they do not support execution in this environment.
+ This format is only used internally and should not be passed to
+ the functions in this module.
+
+ .. attribute:: FORWARDREF
+ :value: 3
+
Values are real annotation values (as per :attr:`Format.VALUE` format)
for defined values, and :class:`ForwardRef` proxies for undefined
values. Real objects may contain references to :class:`ForwardRef`
proxy objects.
.. attribute:: STRING
- :value: 3
+ :value: 4
Values are the text string of the annotation as it appears in the
source code, up to modifications including, but not restricted to,
@@ -144,17 +155,6 @@ Classes
The exact values of these strings may change in future versions of Python.
- .. attribute:: VALUE_WITH_FAKE_GLOBALS
- :value: 4
-
- Special value used to signal that an annotate function is being
- evaluated in a special environment with fake globals. When passed this
- value, annotate functions should either return the same value as for
- the :attr:`Format.VALUE` format, or raise :exc:`NotImplementedError`
- to signal that they do not support execution in this environment.
- This format is only used internally and should not be passed to
- the functions in this module.
-
.. versionadded:: 3.14
.. class:: ForwardRef
@@ -485,3 +485,117 @@ annotations from the class and puts them in a separate attribute:
typ.classvars = classvars # Store the ClassVars in a separate attribute
return typ
+
+Limitations of the ``STRING`` format
+------------------------------------
+
+The :attr:`~Format.STRING` format is meant to approximate the source code
+of the annotation, but the implementation strategy used means that it is not
+always possible to recover the exact source code.
+
+First, the stringifier of course cannot recover any information that is not present in
+the compiled code, including comments, whitespace, parenthesization, and operations that
+get simplified by the compiler.
+
+Second, the stringifier can intercept almost all operations that involve names looked
+up in some scope, but it cannot intercept operations that operate fully on constants.
+As a corollary, this also means it is not safe to request the ``STRING`` format on
+untrusted code: Python is powerful enough that it is possible to achieve arbitrary
+code execution even with no access to any globals or builtins. For example:
+
+.. code-block:: pycon
+
+ >>> def f(x: (1).__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()[-1].__init__.__builtins__["print"]("Hello world")): pass
+ ...
+ >>> annotationlib.get_annotations(f, format=annotationlib.Format.SOURCE)
+ Hello world
+ {'x': 'None'}
+
+.. note::
+ This particular example works as of the time of writing, but it relies on
+ implementation details and is not guaranteed to work in the future.
+
+Among the different kinds of expressions that exist in Python,
+as represented by the :mod:`ast` module, some expressions are supported,
+meaning that the ``STRING`` format can generally recover the original source code;
+others are unsupported, meaning that they may result in incorrect output or an error.
+
+The following are supported (sometimes with caveats):
+
+* :class:`ast.BinOp`
+* :class:`ast.UnaryOp`
+
+ * :class:`ast.Invert` (``~``), :class:`ast.UAdd` (``+``), and :class:`ast.USub` (``-``) are supported
+ * :class:`ast.Not` (``not``) is not supported
+
+* :class:`ast.Dict` (except when using ``**`` unpacking)
+* :class:`ast.Set`
+* :class:`ast.Compare`
+
+ * :class:`ast.Eq` and :class:`ast.NotEq` are supported
+ * :class:`ast.Lt`, :class:`ast.LtE`, :class:`ast.Gt`, and :class:`ast.GtE` are supported, but the operand may be flipped
+ * :class:`ast.Is`, :class:`ast.IsNot`, :class:`ast.In`, and :class:`ast.NotIn` are not supported
+
+* :class:`ast.Call` (except when using ``**`` unpacking)
+* :class:`ast.Constant` (though not the exact representation of the constant; for example, escape
+ sequences in strings are lost; hexadecimal numbers are converted to decimal)
+* :class:`ast.Attribute` (assuming the value is not a constant)
+* :class:`ast.Subscript` (assuming the value is not a constant)
+* :class:`ast.Starred` (``*`` unpacking)
+* :class:`ast.Name`
+* :class:`ast.List`
+* :class:`ast.Tuple`
+* :class:`ast.Slice`
+
+The following are unsupported, but throw an informative error when encountered by the
+stringifier:
+
+* :class:`ast.FormattedValue` (f-strings; error is not detected if conversion specifiers like ``!r``
+ are used)
+* :class:`ast.JoinedStr` (f-strings)
+
+The following are unsupported and result in incorrect output:
+
+* :class:`ast.BoolOp` (``and`` and ``or``)
+* :class:`ast.IfExp`
+* :class:`ast.Lambda`
+* :class:`ast.ListComp`
+* :class:`ast.SetComp`
+* :class:`ast.DictComp`
+* :class:`ast.GeneratorExp`
+
+The following are disallowed in annotation scopes and therefore not relevant:
+
+* :class:`ast.NamedExpr` (``:=``)
+* :class:`ast.Await`
+* :class:`ast.Yield`
+* :class:`ast.YieldFrom`
+
+
+Limitations of the ``FORWARDREF`` format
+----------------------------------------
+
+The :attr:`~Format.FORWARDREF` format aims to produce real values as much
+as possible, with anything that cannot be resolved replaced with
+:class:`ForwardRef` objects. It is affected by broadly the same Limitations
+as the :attr:`~Format.STRING` format: annotations that perform operations on
+literals or that use unsupported expression types may raise exceptions when
+evaluated using the :attr:`~Format.FORWARDREF` format.
+
+Below are a few examples of the behavior with unsupported expressions:
+
+.. code-block:: pycon
+
+ >>> from annotationlib import get_annotations, Format
+ >>> def zerodiv(x: 1 / 0): ...
+ >>> get_annotations(zerodiv, format=Format.STRING)
+ Traceback (most recent call last):
+ ...
+ ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
+ >>> get_annotations(zerodiv, format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+ Traceback (most recent call last):
+ ...
+ ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
+ >>> def ifexp(x: 1 if y else 0): ...
+ >>> get_annotations(ifexp, format=Format.STRING)
+ {'x': '1'}
diff --git a/Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst b/Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst
index 7efae9e628b828..3c8d9ab111e09e 100644
--- a/Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst
@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@
.. versionadded:: 3.2
-**Source code:** :source:`Lib/concurrent/futures/thread.py`
-and :source:`Lib/concurrent/futures/process.py`
+**Source code:** :source:`Lib/concurrent/futures/thread.py`,
+:source:`Lib/concurrent/futures/process.py`,
+and :source:`Lib/concurrent/futures/interpreter.py`
--------------
diff --git a/Doc/library/datetime.rst b/Doc/library/datetime.rst
index 1ce2013f05da2e..3470f42a6c622d 100644
--- a/Doc/library/datetime.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/datetime.rst
@@ -261,6 +261,22 @@ A :class:`timedelta` object represents a duration, the difference between two
>>> (d.days, d.seconds, d.microseconds)
(-1, 86399, 999999)
+ Since the string representation of :class:`!timedelta` objects can be confusing,
+ use the following recipe to produce a more readable format:
+
+ .. code-block:: pycon
+
+ >>> def pretty_timedelta(td):
+ ... if td.days >= 0:
+ ... return str(td)
+ ... return f'-({-td!s})'
+ ...
+ >>> d = timedelta(hours=-1)
+ >>> str(d) # not human-friendly
+ '-1 day, 23:00:00'
+ >>> pretty_timedelta(d)
+ '-(1:00:00)'
+
Class attributes:
diff --git a/Doc/library/functools.rst b/Doc/library/functools.rst
index 3a933dff057bbb..3e75621be6dad3 100644
--- a/Doc/library/functools.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/functools.rst
@@ -403,8 +403,7 @@ The :mod:`functools` module defines the following functions:
>>> remove_first_dear(message)
'Hello, dear world!'
- :data:`!Placeholder` has no special treatment when used in a keyword
- argument to :func:`!partial`.
+ :data:`!Placeholder` cannot be passed to :func:`!partial` as a keyword argument.
.. versionchanged:: 3.14
Added support for :data:`Placeholder` in positional arguments.
diff --git a/Doc/library/html.parser.rst b/Doc/library/html.parser.rst
index 6d433b5a04fc4a..dd67fc34e856f1 100644
--- a/Doc/library/html.parser.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/html.parser.rst
@@ -43,7 +43,9 @@ Example HTML Parser Application
As a basic example, below is a simple HTML parser that uses the
:class:`HTMLParser` class to print out start tags, end tags, and data
-as they are encountered::
+as they are encountered:
+
+.. testcode::
from html.parser import HTMLParser
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ as they are encountered::
The output will then be:
-.. code-block:: none
+.. testoutput::
Encountered a start tag: html
Encountered a start tag: head
@@ -230,7 +232,9 @@ Examples
--------
The following class implements a parser that will be used to illustrate more
-examples::
+examples:
+
+.. testcode::
from html.parser import HTMLParser
from html.entities import name2codepoint
@@ -266,13 +270,17 @@ examples::
parser = MyHTMLParser()
-Parsing a doctype::
+Parsing a doctype:
+
+.. doctest::
>>> parser.feed('')
Decl : DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"
-Parsing an element with a few attributes and a title::
+Parsing an element with a few attributes and a title:
+
+.. doctest::
>>> parser.feed('
')
Start tag: img
@@ -285,7 +293,9 @@ Parsing an element with a few attributes and a title::
End tag : h1
The content of ``script`` and ``style`` elements is returned as is, without
-further parsing::
+further parsing:
+
+.. doctest::
>>> parser.feed('')
Start tag: style
@@ -300,16 +310,25 @@ further parsing::
Data : alert("hello!");
End tag : script
-Parsing comments::
+Parsing comments:
+
+.. doctest::
- >>> parser.feed(''
+ >>> parser.feed(''
... '')
- Comment : a comment
+ Comment : a comment
Comment : [if IE 9]>IE-specific content'``)::
+correct char (note: these 3 references are all equivalent to ``'>'``):
+.. doctest::
+
+ >>> parser = MyHTMLParser()
+ >>> parser.feed('>>>')
+ Data : >>>
+
+ >>> parser = MyHTMLParser(convert_charrefs=False)
>>> parser.feed('>>>')
Named ent: >
Num ent : >
@@ -317,18 +336,22 @@ correct char (note: these 3 references are all equivalent to ``'>'``)::
Feeding incomplete chunks to :meth:`~HTMLParser.feed` works, but
:meth:`~HTMLParser.handle_data` might be called more than once
-(unless *convert_charrefs* is set to ``True``)::
+(unless *convert_charrefs* is set to ``True``):
- >>> for chunk in ['buff', 'ered ', 'text']:
+.. doctest::
+
+ >>> for chunk in ['buff', 'ered', ' text']:
... parser.feed(chunk)
...
Start tag: span
Data : buff
Data : ered
- Data : text
+ Data : text
End tag : span
-Parsing invalid HTML (e.g. unquoted attributes) also works::
+Parsing invalid HTML (e.g. unquoted attributes) also works:
+
+.. doctest::
>>> parser.feed('tag soup
')
Start tag: p
diff --git a/Doc/library/math.rst b/Doc/library/math.rst
index 0749367045dfa9..394a462b9468e5 100644
--- a/Doc/library/math.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/math.rst
@@ -144,8 +144,7 @@ Number-theoretic functions
.. function:: factorial(n)
- Return *n* factorial as an integer. Raises :exc:`ValueError` if *n* is not integral or
- is negative.
+ Return factorial of the nonnegative integer *n*.
.. versionchanged:: 3.10
Floats with integral values (like ``5.0``) are no longer accepted.
diff --git a/Doc/library/shutil.rst b/Doc/library/shutil.rst
index 2cbf95bcf535e4..c78dfe1aafa0ed 100644
--- a/Doc/library/shutil.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/shutil.rst
@@ -454,6 +454,10 @@ Directory and files operations
:envvar:`PATH` environment variable is read from :data:`os.environ`,
falling back to :data:`os.defpath` if it is not set.
+ If *cmd* contains a directory component, :func:`!which` only checks the
+ specified path directly and does not search the directories listed in
+ *path* or in the system's :envvar:`PATH` environment variable.
+
On Windows, the current directory is prepended to the *path* if *mode* does
not include ``os.X_OK``. When the *mode* does include ``os.X_OK``, the
Windows API ``NeedCurrentDirectoryForExePathW`` will be consulted to
diff --git a/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst b/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst
index 39aaa5da0786f8..1d9a655c7664ea 100644
--- a/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst
@@ -2012,7 +2012,7 @@ expression support in the :mod:`re` module).
.. method:: str.isprintable()
- Return true if all characters in the string are printable, false if it
+ Return ``True`` if all characters in the string are printable, ``False`` if it
contains at least one non-printable character.
Here "printable" means the character is suitable for :func:`repr` to use in
@@ -4823,7 +4823,13 @@ can be used interchangeably to index the same dictionary entry.
being added is already present, the value from the keyword argument
replaces the value from the positional argument.
- To illustrate, the following examples all return a dictionary equal to
+ Providing keyword arguments as in the first example only works for keys that
+ are valid Python identifiers. Otherwise, any valid keys can be used.
+
+ Dictionaries compare equal if and only if they have the same ``(key,
+ value)`` pairs (regardless of ordering). Order comparisons ('<', '<=', '>=', '>') raise
+ :exc:`TypeError`. To illustrate dictionary creation and equality,
+ the following examples all return a dictionary equal to
``{"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}``::
>>> a = dict(one=1, two=2, three=3)
@@ -4838,6 +4844,27 @@ can be used interchangeably to index the same dictionary entry.
Providing keyword arguments as in the first example only works for keys that
are valid Python identifiers. Otherwise, any valid keys can be used.
+ Dictionaries preserve insertion order. Note that updating a key does not
+ affect the order. Keys added after deletion are inserted at the end. ::
+
+ >>> d = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3, "four": 4}
+ >>> d
+ {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 4}
+ >>> list(d)
+ ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four']
+ >>> list(d.values())
+ [1, 2, 3, 4]
+ >>> d["one"] = 42
+ >>> d
+ {'one': 42, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 4}
+ >>> del d["two"]
+ >>> d["two"] = None
+ >>> d
+ {'one': 42, 'three': 3, 'four': 4, 'two': None}
+
+ .. versionchanged:: 3.7
+ Dictionary order is guaranteed to be insertion order. This behavior was
+ an implementation detail of CPython from 3.6.
These are the operations that dictionaries support (and therefore, custom
mapping types should support too):
@@ -5008,32 +5035,6 @@ can be used interchangeably to index the same dictionary entry.
.. versionadded:: 3.9
- Dictionaries compare equal if and only if they have the same ``(key,
- value)`` pairs (regardless of ordering). Order comparisons ('<', '<=', '>=', '>') raise
- :exc:`TypeError`.
-
- Dictionaries preserve insertion order. Note that updating a key does not
- affect the order. Keys added after deletion are inserted at the end. ::
-
- >>> d = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3, "four": 4}
- >>> d
- {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 4}
- >>> list(d)
- ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four']
- >>> list(d.values())
- [1, 2, 3, 4]
- >>> d["one"] = 42
- >>> d
- {'one': 42, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 4}
- >>> del d["two"]
- >>> d["two"] = None
- >>> d
- {'one': 42, 'three': 3, 'four': 4, 'two': None}
-
- .. versionchanged:: 3.7
- Dictionary order is guaranteed to be insertion order. This behavior was
- an implementation detail of CPython from 3.6.
-
Dictionaries and dictionary views are reversible. ::
>>> d = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3, "four": 4}
diff --git a/Doc/library/string.rst b/Doc/library/string.rst
index b44d98819b6998..c4012483a52f73 100644
--- a/Doc/library/string.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/string.rst
@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ these rules. The methods of :class:`Template` are:
.. method:: is_valid()
- Returns false if the template has invalid placeholders that will cause
+ Returns ``False`` if the template has invalid placeholders that will cause
:meth:`substitute` to raise :exc:`ValueError`.
.. versionadded:: 3.11
diff --git a/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst b/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst
index 27c169dde72780..091562cc9aef98 100644
--- a/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst
@@ -2654,9 +2654,9 @@ with any methods on the mock:
.. code-block:: pycon
- >>> mock.has_data()
+ >>> mock.header_items()
- >>> mock.has_data.assret_called_with() # Intentional typo!
+ >>> mock.header_items.assret_called_with() # Intentional typo!
Auto-speccing solves this problem. You can either pass ``autospec=True`` to
:func:`patch` / :func:`patch.object` or use the :func:`create_autospec` function to create a
diff --git a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst
index b0f26724d0c78e..58bd111b5cc374 100644
--- a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst
@@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ HTTPHandler Objects
.. method:: HTTPHandler.http_open(req)
Send an HTTP request, which can be either GET or POST, depending on
- ``req.has_data()``.
+ ``req.data``.
.. _https-handler-objects:
@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ HTTPSHandler Objects
.. method:: HTTPSHandler.https_open(req)
Send an HTTPS request, which can be either GET or POST, depending on
- ``req.has_data()``.
+ ``req.data``.
.. _file-handler-objects:
diff --git a/Doc/reference/compound_stmts.rst b/Doc/reference/compound_stmts.rst
index f36ed3e122f2bc..5d4298f70e0e14 100644
--- a/Doc/reference/compound_stmts.rst
+++ b/Doc/reference/compound_stmts.rst
@@ -1885,7 +1885,7 @@ expressions. The presence of annotations does not change the runtime semantics o
the code, except if some mechanism is used that introspects and uses the annotations
(such as :mod:`dataclasses` or :func:`functools.singledispatch`).
-By default, annotations are lazily evaluated in a :ref:`annotation scope `.
+By default, annotations are lazily evaluated in an :ref:`annotation scope `.
This means that they are not evaluated when the code containing the annotation is evaluated.
Instead, the interpreter saves information that can be used to evaluate the annotation later
if requested. The :mod:`annotationlib` module provides tools for evaluating annotations.
@@ -1898,6 +1898,12 @@ all annotations are instead stored as strings::
>>> f.__annotations__
{'param': 'annotation'}
+This future statement will be deprecated and removed in a future version of Python,
+but not before Python 3.13 reaches its end of life (see :pep:`749`).
+When it is used, introspection tools like
+:func:`annotationlib.get_annotations` and :func:`typing.get_type_hints` are
+less likely to be able to resolve annotations at runtime.
+
.. rubric:: Footnotes
diff --git a/Doc/reference/lexical_analysis.rst b/Doc/reference/lexical_analysis.rst
index ff801a7d4fc494..001e2547fe8031 100644
--- a/Doc/reference/lexical_analysis.rst
+++ b/Doc/reference/lexical_analysis.rst
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ Logical lines
.. index:: logical line, physical line, line joining, NEWLINE token
-The end of a logical line is represented by the token NEWLINE. Statements
-cannot cross logical line boundaries except where NEWLINE is allowed by the
-syntax (e.g., between statements in compound statements). A logical line is
-constructed from one or more *physical lines* by following the explicit or
-implicit *line joining* rules.
+The end of a logical line is represented by the token :data:`~token.NEWLINE`.
+Statements cannot cross logical line boundaries except where :data:`!NEWLINE`
+is allowed by the syntax (e.g., between statements in compound statements).
+A logical line is constructed from one or more *physical lines* by following
+the explicit or implicit *line joining* rules.
.. _physical-lines:
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ which is recognized by Bram Moolenaar's VIM.
If no encoding declaration is found, the default encoding is UTF-8. If the
implicit or explicit encoding of a file is UTF-8, an initial UTF-8 byte-order
-mark (b'\xef\xbb\xbf') is ignored rather than being a syntax error.
+mark (``b'\xef\xbb\xbf'``) is ignored rather than being a syntax error.
If an encoding is declared, the encoding name must be recognized by Python
(see :ref:`standard-encodings`). The
@@ -160,11 +160,12 @@ Blank lines
.. index:: single: blank line
A logical line that contains only spaces, tabs, formfeeds and possibly a
-comment, is ignored (i.e., no NEWLINE token is generated). During interactive
-input of statements, handling of a blank line may differ depending on the
-implementation of the read-eval-print loop. In the standard interactive
-interpreter, an entirely blank logical line (i.e. one containing not even
-whitespace or a comment) terminates a multi-line statement.
+comment, is ignored (i.e., no :data:`~token.NEWLINE` token is generated).
+During interactive input of statements, handling of a blank line may differ
+depending on the implementation of the read-eval-print loop.
+In the standard interactive interpreter, an entirely blank logical line (that
+is, one containing not even whitespace or a comment) terminates a multi-line
+statement.
.. _indentation:
@@ -202,19 +203,20 @@ the space count to zero).
.. index:: INDENT token, DEDENT token
-The indentation levels of consecutive lines are used to generate INDENT and
-DEDENT tokens, using a stack, as follows.
+The indentation levels of consecutive lines are used to generate
+:data:`~token.INDENT` and :data:`~token.DEDENT` tokens, using a stack,
+as follows.
Before the first line of the file is read, a single zero is pushed on the stack;
this will never be popped off again. The numbers pushed on the stack will
always be strictly increasing from bottom to top. At the beginning of each
logical line, the line's indentation level is compared to the top of the stack.
If it is equal, nothing happens. If it is larger, it is pushed on the stack, and
-one INDENT token is generated. If it is smaller, it *must* be one of the
+one :data:`!INDENT` token is generated. If it is smaller, it *must* be one of the
numbers occurring on the stack; all numbers on the stack that are larger are
-popped off, and for each number popped off a DEDENT token is generated. At the
-end of the file, a DEDENT token is generated for each number remaining on the
-stack that is larger than zero.
+popped off, and for each number popped off a :data:`!DEDENT` token is generated.
+At the end of the file, a :data:`!DEDENT` token is generated for each number
+remaining on the stack that is larger than zero.
Here is an example of a correctly (though confusingly) indented piece of Python
code::
@@ -254,8 +256,18 @@ Whitespace between tokens
Except at the beginning of a logical line or in string literals, the whitespace
characters space, tab and formfeed can be used interchangeably to separate
tokens. Whitespace is needed between two tokens only if their concatenation
-could otherwise be interpreted as a different token (e.g., ab is one token, but
-a b is two tokens).
+could otherwise be interpreted as a different token. For example, ``ab`` is one
+token, but ``a b`` is two tokens. However, ``+a`` and ``+ a`` both produce
+two tokens, ``+`` and ``a``, as ``+a`` is not a valid token.
+
+
+.. _endmarker-token:
+
+End marker
+----------
+
+At the end of non-interactive input, the lexical analyzer generates an
+:data:`~token.ENDMARKER` token.
.. _other-tokens:
@@ -263,11 +275,15 @@ a b is two tokens).
Other tokens
============
-Besides NEWLINE, INDENT and DEDENT, the following categories of tokens exist:
-*identifiers*, *keywords*, *literals*, *operators*, and *delimiters*. Whitespace
-characters (other than line terminators, discussed earlier) are not tokens, but
-serve to delimit tokens. Where ambiguity exists, a token comprises the longest
-possible string that forms a legal token, when read from left to right.
+Besides :data:`~token.NEWLINE`, :data:`~token.INDENT` and :data:`~token.DEDENT`,
+the following categories of tokens exist:
+*identifiers* and *keywords* (:data:`~token.NAME`), *literals* (such as
+:data:`~token.NUMBER` and :data:`~token.STRING`), and other symbols
+(*operators* and *delimiters*, :data:`~token.OP`).
+Whitespace characters (other than logical line terminators, discussed earlier)
+are not tokens, but serve to delimit tokens.
+Where ambiguity exists, a token comprises the longest possible string that
+forms a legal token, when read from left to right.
.. _identifiers:
diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/introduction.rst b/Doc/tutorial/introduction.rst
index bec5da8fd759ac..cdb35da7bc95ba 100644
--- a/Doc/tutorial/introduction.rst
+++ b/Doc/tutorial/introduction.rst
@@ -147,6 +147,8 @@ Python can manipulate text (represented by type :class:`str`, so-called
"``Yay! :)``". They can be enclosed in single quotes (``'...'``) or double
quotes (``"..."``) with the same result [#]_.
+.. code-block:: pycon
+
>>> 'spam eggs' # single quotes
'spam eggs'
>>> "Paris rabbit got your back :)! Yay!" # double quotes
diff --git a/Doc/using/windows.rst b/Doc/using/windows.rst
index 74d6db5d7d1a98..411a4092a8c460 100644
--- a/Doc/using/windows.rst
+++ b/Doc/using/windows.rst
@@ -91,10 +91,13 @@ When you first install a runtime, you will likely be prompted to add a directory
to your :envvar:`PATH`. This is optional, if you prefer to use the ``py``
command, but is offered for those who prefer the full range of aliases (such
as ``python3.14.exe``) to be available. The directory will be
-:file:`%LocalAppData%\Python\bin` by default, but may be customized by an
+:file:`%LocalAppData%\\Python\\bin` by default, but may be customized by an
administrator. Click Start and search for "Edit environment variables for your
account" for the system settings page to add the path.
+Each Python runtime you install will have its own directory for scripts. These
+also need to be added to :envvar:`PATH` if you want to use them.
+
The Python install manager will be automatically updated to new releases. This
does not affect any installs of Python runtimes. Uninstalling the Python install
manager does not uninstall any Python runtimes.
@@ -713,6 +716,16 @@ default).
your ``pythonw.exe`` and ``pyw.exe`` aliases are consistent with your
others.
"
+ "``pip`` gives me a ""command not found"" error when I type it in my
+ terminal.","Have you activated a virtual environment? Run the
+ ``.venv\Scripts\activate`` script in your terminal to activate.
+ "
+ "","The package may be available but missing the generated executable.
+ We recommend using the ``python -m pip`` command instead, or alternatively
+ the ``python -m pip install --force pip`` command will recreate the
+ executables and show you the path to add to :envvar:`PATH`. These scripts are
+ separated for each runtime, and so you may need to add multiple paths.
+ "
.. _windows-embeddable:
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
index 894f011ec86a30..11361289874c9d 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
@@ -82,12 +82,13 @@ and improvements in user-friendliness and correctness.
.. PEP-sized items next.
-* :ref:`PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations `
+* :ref:`PEP 649 and 749: deferred evaluation of annotations `
* :ref:`PEP 741: Python Configuration C API `
* :ref:`PEP 750: Template strings `
* :ref:`PEP 758: Allow except and except* expressions without parentheses `
* :ref:`PEP 761: Discontinuation of PGP signatures `
* :ref:`PEP 765: Disallow return/break/continue that exit a finally block `
+* :ref:`Free-threaded mode improvements `
* :ref:`PEP 768: Safe external debugger interface for CPython `
* :ref:`PEP 784: Adding Zstandard to the standard library `
* :ref:`A new type of interpreter `
@@ -153,10 +154,10 @@ As another example, generating HTML attributes from data:
.. code-block:: python
attributes = {"src": "shrubbery.jpg", "alt": "looks nice"}
- template = t"![]()
"
- assert html(template) == '
'
+ template = t"![]()
"
+ assert html(template) == ''
-Unlike f-strings, the ``html`` function has access to template attributes
+Compared to using an f-string, the ``html`` function has access to template attributes
containing the original information: static strings, interpolations, and values
from the original scope. Unlike existing templating approaches, t-strings build
from the well-known f-string syntax and rules. Template systems thus benefit
@@ -361,18 +362,19 @@ Check :pep:`758` for more details.
.. _whatsnew314-pep649:
-PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
--------------------------------------------
+PEP 649 and 749: deferred evaluation of annotations
+---------------------------------------------------
The :term:`annotations ` on functions, classes, and modules are no
longer evaluated eagerly. Instead, annotations are stored in special-purpose
:term:`annotate functions ` and evaluated only when
-necessary. This is specified in :pep:`649` and :pep:`749`.
+necessary (except if ``from __future__ import annotations`` is used).
+This is specified in :pep:`649` and :pep:`749`.
This change is designed to make annotations in Python more performant and more
usable in most circumstances. The runtime cost for defining annotations is
minimized, but it remains possible to introspect annotations at runtime.
-It is usually no longer necessary to enclose annotations in strings if they
+It is no longer necessary to enclose annotations in strings if they
contain forward references.
The new :mod:`annotationlib` module provides tools for inspecting deferred
@@ -408,7 +410,8 @@ writing annotations the same way you did with previous versions of Python.
You will likely be able to remove quoted strings in annotations, which are frequently
used for forward references. Similarly, if you use ``from __future__ import annotations``
to avoid having to write strings in annotations, you may well be able to
-remove that import. However, if you rely on third-party libraries that read annotations,
+remove that import once you support only Python 3.14 and newer.
+However, if you rely on third-party libraries that read annotations,
those libraries may need changes to support unquoted annotations before they
work as expected.
@@ -421,6 +424,11 @@ annotations. For example, you may want to use :func:`annotationlib.get_annotatio
with the :attr:`~annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF` format, as the :mod:`dataclasses`
module now does.
+The external :pypi:`typing_extensions` package provides partial backports of some of the
+functionality of the :mod:`annotationlib` module, such as the :class:`~annotationlib.Format`
+enum and the :func:`~annotationlib.get_annotations` function. These can be used to
+write cross-version code that takes advantage of the new behavior in Python 3.14.
+
Related changes
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -432,6 +440,10 @@ functions in the standard library, there are many ways in which your code may
not work in Python 3.14. To safeguard your code against future changes,
use only the documented functionality of the :mod:`annotationlib` module.
+In particular, do not read annotations directly from the namespace dictionary
+attribute of type objects. Use :func:`annotationlib.get_annotate_from_class_namespace`
+during class construction and :func:`annotationlib.get_annotations` afterwards.
+
``from __future__ import annotations``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -443,6 +455,11 @@ Python without deferred evaluation of annotations, reaches its end of life in 20
In Python 3.14, the behavior of code using ``from __future__ import annotations``
is unchanged.
+(Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`119180`; :pep:`649` was written by Larry Hastings.)
+
+.. seealso::
+ :pep:`649` and :pep:`749`.
+
Improved error messages
-----------------------
@@ -584,8 +601,27 @@ Improved error messages
^^^^^^
SyntaxError: cannot use subscript as import target
-.. seealso::
- :pep:`649`.
+* Improved error message when trying to add an instance of an unhashable type to
+ a :class:`dict` or :class:`set`. (Contributed by CF Bolz-Tereick and Victor Stinner
+ in :gh:`132828`.)
+
+ .. code-block:: pycon
+
+ >>> s = set()
+ >>> s.add({'pages': 12, 'grade': 'A'})
+ Traceback (most recent call last):
+ File "", line 1, in
+ s.add({'pages': 12, 'grade': 'A'})
+ ~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+ TypeError: cannot use 'dict' as a set element (unhashable type: 'dict')
+ >>> d = {}
+ >>> l = [1, 2, 3]
+ >>> d[l] = 12
+ Traceback (most recent call last):
+ File "", line 1, in
+ d[l] = 12
+ ~^^^
+ TypeError: cannot use 'list' as a dict key (unhashable type: 'list')
.. _whatsnew314-pep741:
@@ -772,6 +808,27 @@ For further information on how to build Python, see
(Contributed by Ken Jin in :gh:`128563`, with ideas on how to implement this
in CPython by Mark Shannon, Garrett Gu, Haoran Xu, and Josh Haberman.)
+.. _whatsnew314-free-threaded-cpython:
+
+Free-threaded mode
+------------------
+
+Free-threaded mode (:pep:`703`), initially added in 3.13, has been significantly improved.
+The implementation described in PEP 703 was finished, including C API changes,
+and temporary workarounds in the interpreter were replaced with more permanent solutions.
+The specializing adaptive interpreter (:pep:`659`) is now enabled in free-threaded mode,
+which along with many other optimizations greatly improves its performance.
+The performance penalty on single-threaded code in free-threaded mode is now roughly 5-10%,
+depending on platform and C compiler used.
+
+This work was done by many contributors: Sam Gross, Matt Page, Neil Schemenauer,
+Thomas Wouters, Donghee Na, Kirill Podoprigora, Ken Jin, Itamar Oren,
+Brett Simmers, Dino Viehland, Nathan Goldbaum, Ralf Gommers, Lysandros Nikolaou,
+Kumar Aditya, Edgar Margffoy, and many others.
+
+Some of these contributors are employed by Meta, which has continued to provide
+significant engineering resources to support this project.
+
.. _whatsnew314-pyrepl-highlighting:
diff --git a/Grammar/Tokens b/Grammar/Tokens
index e40a4437afb009..0547e6ed08f79a 100644
--- a/Grammar/Tokens
+++ b/Grammar/Tokens
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+# When adding new tokens, remember to update the PEG generator in
+# Tools/peg_generator/pegen/parser_generator.py
+# This will ensure that older versions of Python can generate a Python parser
+# using "python -m pegen python ".
+
ENDMARKER
NAME
NUMBER
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_code.h b/Include/internal/pycore_code.h
index b135e30b7ad62a..37a747aa4e3e46 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_code.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_code.h
@@ -614,6 +614,47 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCode_SetUnboundVarCounts(
PyObject *globalsns,
PyObject *builtinsns);
+
+/* "Stateless" code is a function or code object which does not rely on
+ * external state or internal state. It may rely on arguments and
+ * builtins, but not globals or a closure. Thus it does not rely
+ * on __globals__ or __closure__, and a stateless function
+ * is equivalent to its code object.
+ *
+ * Stateless code also does not keep any persistent state
+ * of its own, so it can't have any executors, monitoring,
+ * instrumentation, or "extras" (i.e. co_extra).
+ *
+ * Stateless code may create nested functions, including closures.
+ * However, nested functions must themselves be stateless, except they
+ * *can* close on the enclosing locals.
+ *
+ * Stateless code may return any value, including nested functions and closures.
+ *
+ * Stateless code that takes no arguments and doesn't return anything
+ * may be treated like a script.
+ *
+ * We consider stateless code to be "portable" if it does not return
+ * any object that holds a reference to any of the code's locals. Thus
+ * generators and coroutines are not portable. Likewise a function
+ * that returns a closure is not portable. The concept of
+ * portability is useful in cases where the code is run
+ * in a different execution context than where
+ * the return value will be used. */
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCode_CheckNoInternalState(PyCodeObject *, const char **);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCode_CheckNoExternalState(
+ PyCodeObject *,
+ _PyCode_var_counts_t *,
+ const char **);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCode_VerifyStateless(
+ PyThreadState *,
+ PyCodeObject *,
+ PyObject *globalnames,
+ PyObject *globalsns,
+ PyObject *builtinsns);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCode_CheckPureFunction(PyCodeObject *, const char **);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCode_ReturnsOnlyNone(PyCodeObject *);
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_crossinterp.h b/Include/internal/pycore_crossinterp.h
index 9de61ef54125d5..19c55dd65983d7 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_crossinterp.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_crossinterp.h
@@ -191,6 +191,21 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCode_GetXIData(
PyThreadState *,
PyObject *,
_PyXIData_t *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCode_GetScriptXIData(
+ PyThreadState *,
+ PyObject *,
+ _PyXIData_t *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyCode_GetPureScriptXIData(
+ PyThreadState *,
+ PyObject *,
+ _PyXIData_t *);
+
+// _PyObject_GetXIData() for functions
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyFunction_FromXIData(_PyXIData_t *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyFunction_GetXIData(
+ PyThreadState *,
+ PyObject *,
+ _PyXIData_t *);
/* using cross-interpreter data */
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_function.h b/Include/internal/pycore_function.h
index 209252b2ddc0de..a30d52d49bdc4d 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_function.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_function.h
@@ -35,6 +35,13 @@ PyFunctionObject *_PyFunction_LookupByVersion(uint32_t version, PyObject **p_cod
extern PyObject *_Py_set_function_type_params(
PyThreadState* unused, PyObject *func, PyObject *type_params);
+
+/* See pycore_code.h for explanation about what "stateless" means. */
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(int)
+_PyFunction_VerifyStateless(PyThreadState *, PyObject *);
+
+
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_long.h b/Include/internal/pycore_long.h
index ed6c435316708e..3196d1b82084b9 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_long.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_long.h
@@ -158,6 +158,11 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyLong_UnsignedLongLong_Converter(PyObject *, void *);
// Export for '_testclinic' shared extension (Argument Clinic code)
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyLong_Size_t_Converter(PyObject *, void *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyLong_UInt8_Converter(PyObject *, void *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyLong_UInt16_Converter(PyObject *, void *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyLong_UInt32_Converter(PyObject *, void *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyLong_UInt64_Converter(PyObject *, void *);
+
/* Long value tag bits:
* 0-1: Sign bits value = (1-sign), ie. negative=2, positive=0, zero=1.
* 2: Set to 1 for the small ints
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_utils.h b/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_utils.h
index 62af06dc01c125..79a1a242556a52 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_utils.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_utils.h
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ extern "C" {
#define IS_RETURN_OPCODE(opcode) \
(opcode == RETURN_VALUE)
+#define IS_RAISE_OPCODE(opcode) \
+ (opcode == RAISE_VARARGS || opcode == RERAISE)
/* Flags used in the oparg for MAKE_FUNCTION */
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_pythonrun.h b/Include/internal/pycore_pythonrun.h
index 0bfc5704dc4c59..7daed1326af8d5 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_pythonrun.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_pythonrun.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ extern int _PyRun_InteractiveLoopObject(
PyObject *filename,
PyCompilerFlags *flags);
+extern int _PyObject_SupportedAsScript(PyObject *);
extern const char* _Py_SourceAsString(
PyObject *cmd,
const char *funcname,
diff --git a/Include/patchlevel.h b/Include/patchlevel.h
index c9dd659046a367..03ac5843b62066 100644
--- a/Include/patchlevel.h
+++ b/Include/patchlevel.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
#define PY_RELEASE_SERIAL 1
/* Version as a string */
-#define PY_VERSION "3.14.0b1"
+#define PY_VERSION "3.14.0b1+"
/*--end constants--*/
diff --git a/Lib/_ast_unparse.py b/Lib/_ast_unparse.py
index 0b669edb2ffec6..c25066eb107de1 100644
--- a/Lib/_ast_unparse.py
+++ b/Lib/_ast_unparse.py
@@ -627,6 +627,9 @@ def _write_ftstring(self, values, prefix):
self._ftstring_helper(fstring_parts)
def _tstring_helper(self, node):
+ if not node.values:
+ self._write_ftstring([], "t")
+ return
last_idx = 0
for i, value in enumerate(node.values):
# This can happen if we have an implicit concat of a t-string
@@ -679,9 +682,12 @@ def _unparse_interpolation_value(self, inner):
unparser.set_precedence(_Precedence.TEST.next(), inner)
return unparser.visit(inner)
- def _write_interpolation(self, node):
+ def _write_interpolation(self, node, is_interpolation=False):
with self.delimit("{", "}"):
- expr = self._unparse_interpolation_value(node.value)
+ if is_interpolation:
+ expr = node.str
+ else:
+ expr = self._unparse_interpolation_value(node.value)
if expr.startswith("{"):
# Separate pair of opening brackets as "{ {"
self.write(" ")
@@ -696,7 +702,7 @@ def visit_FormattedValue(self, node):
self._write_interpolation(node)
def visit_Interpolation(self, node):
- self._write_interpolation(node)
+ self._write_interpolation(node, is_interpolation=True)
def visit_Name(self, node):
self.write(node.id)
diff --git a/Lib/_pydatetime.py b/Lib/_pydatetime.py
index e3db1b52b1159b..f11eaa50e016e9 100644
--- a/Lib/_pydatetime.py
+++ b/Lib/_pydatetime.py
@@ -1127,8 +1127,8 @@ def isoformat(self):
This is 'YYYY-MM-DD'.
References:
- - http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
- - http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html
+ - https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
+ - https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html
"""
return "%04d-%02d-%02d" % (self._year, self._month, self._day)
@@ -1262,7 +1262,7 @@ def isocalendar(self):
The first week is 1; Monday is 1 ... Sunday is 7.
ISO calendar algorithm taken from
- http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/calendar/isocalendar.htm
+ https://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/calendar/isocalendar.htm
(used with permission)
"""
year = self._year
diff --git a/Lib/_pyrepl/utils.py b/Lib/_pyrepl/utils.py
index 38cf6b5a08e892..752049ac05acdf 100644
--- a/Lib/_pyrepl/utils.py
+++ b/Lib/_pyrepl/utils.py
@@ -102,6 +102,8 @@ def gen_colors(buffer: str) -> Iterator[ColorSpan]:
for color in gen_colors_from_token_stream(gen, line_lengths):
yield color
last_emitted = color
+ except SyntaxError:
+ return
except tokenize.TokenError as te:
yield from recover_unterminated_string(
te, line_lengths, last_emitted, buffer
diff --git a/Lib/annotationlib.py b/Lib/annotationlib.py
index c0b1d4395d14ed..32b8553458930c 100644
--- a/Lib/annotationlib.py
+++ b/Lib/annotationlib.py
@@ -305,6 +305,9 @@ def __repr__(self):
return f"ForwardRef({self.__forward_arg__!r}{''.join(extra)})"
+_Template = type(t"")
+
+
class _Stringifier:
# Must match the slots on ForwardRef, so we can turn an instance of one into an
# instance of the other in place.
@@ -341,6 +344,8 @@ def __convert_to_ast(self, other):
if isinstance(other.__ast_node__, str):
return ast.Name(id=other.__ast_node__), other.__extra_names__
return other.__ast_node__, other.__extra_names__
+ elif type(other) is _Template:
+ return _template_to_ast(other), None
elif (
# In STRING format we don't bother with the create_unique_name() dance;
# it's better to emit the repr() of the object instead of an opaque name.
@@ -560,6 +565,32 @@ def unary_op(self):
del _make_unary_op
+def _template_to_ast(template):
+ values = []
+ for part in template:
+ match part:
+ case str():
+ values.append(ast.Constant(value=part))
+ # Interpolation, but we don't want to import the string module
+ case _:
+ interp = ast.Interpolation(
+ str=part.expression,
+ value=ast.parse(part.expression),
+ conversion=(
+ ord(part.conversion)
+ if part.conversion is not None
+ else -1
+ ),
+ format_spec=(
+ ast.Constant(value=part.format_spec)
+ if part.format_spec != ""
+ else None
+ ),
+ )
+ values.append(interp)
+ return ast.TemplateStr(values=values)
+
+
class _StringifierDict(dict):
def __init__(self, namespace, *, globals=None, owner=None, is_class=False, format):
super().__init__(namespace)
@@ -784,6 +815,8 @@ def _stringify_single(anno):
# We have to handle str specially to support PEP 563 stringified annotations.
elif isinstance(anno, str):
return anno
+ elif isinstance(anno, _Template):
+ return ast.unparse(_template_to_ast(anno))
else:
return repr(anno)
@@ -976,6 +1009,9 @@ def type_repr(value):
if value.__module__ == "builtins":
return value.__qualname__
return f"{value.__module__}.{value.__qualname__}"
+ elif isinstance(value, _Template):
+ tree = _template_to_ast(value)
+ return ast.unparse(tree)
if value is ...:
return "..."
return repr(value)
diff --git a/Lib/argparse.py b/Lib/argparse.py
index f13ac82dbc50b3..f688c38d0d1ae5 100644
--- a/Lib/argparse.py
+++ b/Lib/argparse.py
@@ -167,7 +167,6 @@ def __init__(
indent_increment=2,
max_help_position=24,
width=None,
- prefix_chars='-',
color=False,
):
# default setting for width
@@ -176,16 +175,7 @@ def __init__(
width = shutil.get_terminal_size().columns
width -= 2
- from _colorize import can_colorize, decolor, get_theme
-
- if color and can_colorize():
- self._theme = get_theme(force_color=True).argparse
- self._decolor = decolor
- else:
- self._theme = get_theme(force_no_color=True).argparse
- self._decolor = lambda text: text
-
- self._prefix_chars = prefix_chars
+ self._set_color(color)
self._prog = prog
self._indent_increment = indent_increment
self._max_help_position = min(max_help_position,
@@ -202,6 +192,16 @@ def __init__(
self._whitespace_matcher = _re.compile(r'\s+', _re.ASCII)
self._long_break_matcher = _re.compile(r'\n\n\n+')
+ def _set_color(self, color):
+ from _colorize import can_colorize, decolor, get_theme
+
+ if color and can_colorize():
+ self._theme = get_theme(force_color=True).argparse
+ self._decolor = decolor
+ else:
+ self._theme = get_theme(force_no_color=True).argparse
+ self._decolor = lambda text: text
+
# ===============================
# Section and indentation methods
# ===============================
@@ -415,14 +415,7 @@ def _format_actions_usage(self, actions, groups):
return ' '.join(self._get_actions_usage_parts(actions, groups))
def _is_long_option(self, string):
- return len(string) >= 2 and string[1] in self._prefix_chars
-
- def _is_short_option(self, string):
- return (
- not self._is_long_option(string)
- and len(string) >= 1
- and string[0] in self._prefix_chars
- )
+ return len(string) > 2
def _get_actions_usage_parts(self, actions, groups):
# find group indices and identify actions in groups
@@ -471,25 +464,22 @@ def _get_actions_usage_parts(self, actions, groups):
# produce the first way to invoke the option in brackets
else:
option_string = action.option_strings[0]
+ if self._is_long_option(option_string):
+ option_color = t.summary_long_option
+ else:
+ option_color = t.summary_short_option
# if the Optional doesn't take a value, format is:
# -s or --long
if action.nargs == 0:
part = action.format_usage()
- if self._is_long_option(part):
- part = f"{t.summary_long_option}{part}{t.reset}"
- elif self._is_short_option(part):
- part = f"{t.summary_short_option}{part}{t.reset}"
+ part = f"{option_color}{part}{t.reset}"
# if the Optional takes a value, format is:
# -s ARGS or --long ARGS
else:
default = self._get_default_metavar_for_optional(action)
args_string = self._format_args(action, default)
- if self._is_long_option(option_string):
- option_color = t.summary_long_option
- elif self._is_short_option(option_string):
- option_color = t.summary_short_option
part = (
f"{option_color}{option_string} "
f"{t.summary_label}{args_string}{t.reset}"
@@ -606,10 +596,8 @@ def color_option_strings(strings):
for s in strings:
if self._is_long_option(s):
parts.append(f"{t.long_option}{s}{t.reset}")
- elif self._is_short_option(s):
- parts.append(f"{t.short_option}{s}{t.reset}")
else:
- parts.append(s)
+ parts.append(f"{t.short_option}{s}{t.reset}")
return parts
# if the Optional doesn't take a value, format is:
@@ -2723,16 +2711,9 @@ def format_help(self):
return formatter.format_help()
def _get_formatter(self):
- if isinstance(self.formatter_class, type) and issubclass(
- self.formatter_class, HelpFormatter
- ):
- return self.formatter_class(
- prog=self.prog,
- prefix_chars=self.prefix_chars,
- color=self.color,
- )
- else:
- return self.formatter_class(prog=self.prog)
+ formatter = self.formatter_class(prog=self.prog)
+ formatter._set_color(self.color)
+ return formatter
# =====================
# Help-printing methods
diff --git a/Lib/asyncio/graph.py b/Lib/asyncio/graph.py
index d8df7c9919abbf..b5bfeb1630a159 100644
--- a/Lib/asyncio/graph.py
+++ b/Lib/asyncio/graph.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
"""Introspection utils for tasks call graphs."""
import dataclasses
+import io
import sys
import types
@@ -16,9 +17,6 @@
'FutureCallGraph',
)
-if False: # for type checkers
- from typing import TextIO
-
# Sadly, we can't re-use the traceback module's datastructures as those
# are tailored for error reporting, whereas we need to represent an
# async call graph.
@@ -270,7 +268,7 @@ def print_call_graph(
future: futures.Future | None = None,
/,
*,
- file: TextIO | None = None,
+ file: io.Writer[str] | None = None,
depth: int = 1,
limit: int | None = None,
) -> None:
diff --git a/Lib/compression/zstd/__init__.py b/Lib/compression/zstd/__init__.py
index 4f734eb07b00e3..e7b2f427164244 100644
--- a/Lib/compression/zstd/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/compression/zstd/__init__.py
@@ -28,10 +28,16 @@
import _zstd
import enum
-from _zstd import *
+from _zstd import (ZstdCompressor, ZstdDecompressor, ZstdDict, ZstdError,
+ get_frame_size, zstd_version)
from compression.zstd._zstdfile import ZstdFile, open, _nbytes
-COMPRESSION_LEVEL_DEFAULT = _zstd._compressionLevel_values[0]
+# zstd_version_number is (MAJOR * 100 * 100 + MINOR * 100 + RELEASE)
+zstd_version_info = (*divmod(_zstd.zstd_version_number // 100, 100),
+ _zstd.zstd_version_number % 100)
+"""Version number of the runtime zstd library as a tuple of integers."""
+
+COMPRESSION_LEVEL_DEFAULT = _zstd.ZSTD_CLEVEL_DEFAULT
"""The default compression level for Zstandard, currently '3'."""
@@ -65,7 +71,7 @@ def get_frame_info(frame_buffer):
the frame may or may not need a dictionary to be decoded,
and the ID of such a dictionary is not specified.
"""
- return FrameInfo(*_zstd._get_frame_info(frame_buffer))
+ return FrameInfo(*_zstd.get_frame_info(frame_buffer))
def train_dict(samples, dict_size):
@@ -85,7 +91,7 @@ def train_dict(samples, dict_size):
chunk_sizes = tuple(_nbytes(sample) for sample in samples)
if not chunks:
raise ValueError("samples contained no data; can't train dictionary.")
- dict_content = _zstd._train_dict(chunks, chunk_sizes, dict_size)
+ dict_content = _zstd.train_dict(chunks, chunk_sizes, dict_size)
return ZstdDict(dict_content)
@@ -121,7 +127,7 @@ def finalize_dict(zstd_dict, /, samples, dict_size, level):
if not chunks:
raise ValueError("The samples are empty content, can't finalize the"
"dictionary.")
- dict_content = _zstd._finalize_dict(zstd_dict.dict_content,
+ dict_content = _zstd.finalize_dict(zstd_dict.dict_content,
chunks, chunk_sizes,
dict_size, level)
return ZstdDict(dict_content)
@@ -167,48 +173,48 @@ def decompress(data, zstd_dict=None, options=None):
class CompressionParameter(enum.IntEnum):
"""Compression parameters."""
- compression_level = _zstd._ZSTD_c_compressionLevel
- window_log = _zstd._ZSTD_c_windowLog
- hash_log = _zstd._ZSTD_c_hashLog
- chain_log = _zstd._ZSTD_c_chainLog
- search_log = _zstd._ZSTD_c_searchLog
- min_match = _zstd._ZSTD_c_minMatch
- target_length = _zstd._ZSTD_c_targetLength
- strategy = _zstd._ZSTD_c_strategy
-
- enable_long_distance_matching = _zstd._ZSTD_c_enableLongDistanceMatching
- ldm_hash_log = _zstd._ZSTD_c_ldmHashLog
- ldm_min_match = _zstd._ZSTD_c_ldmMinMatch
- ldm_bucket_size_log = _zstd._ZSTD_c_ldmBucketSizeLog
- ldm_hash_rate_log = _zstd._ZSTD_c_ldmHashRateLog
-
- content_size_flag = _zstd._ZSTD_c_contentSizeFlag
- checksum_flag = _zstd._ZSTD_c_checksumFlag
- dict_id_flag = _zstd._ZSTD_c_dictIDFlag
-
- nb_workers = _zstd._ZSTD_c_nbWorkers
- job_size = _zstd._ZSTD_c_jobSize
- overlap_log = _zstd._ZSTD_c_overlapLog
+ compression_level = _zstd.ZSTD_c_compressionLevel
+ window_log = _zstd.ZSTD_c_windowLog
+ hash_log = _zstd.ZSTD_c_hashLog
+ chain_log = _zstd.ZSTD_c_chainLog
+ search_log = _zstd.ZSTD_c_searchLog
+ min_match = _zstd.ZSTD_c_minMatch
+ target_length = _zstd.ZSTD_c_targetLength
+ strategy = _zstd.ZSTD_c_strategy
+
+ enable_long_distance_matching = _zstd.ZSTD_c_enableLongDistanceMatching
+ ldm_hash_log = _zstd.ZSTD_c_ldmHashLog
+ ldm_min_match = _zstd.ZSTD_c_ldmMinMatch
+ ldm_bucket_size_log = _zstd.ZSTD_c_ldmBucketSizeLog
+ ldm_hash_rate_log = _zstd.ZSTD_c_ldmHashRateLog
+
+ content_size_flag = _zstd.ZSTD_c_contentSizeFlag
+ checksum_flag = _zstd.ZSTD_c_checksumFlag
+ dict_id_flag = _zstd.ZSTD_c_dictIDFlag
+
+ nb_workers = _zstd.ZSTD_c_nbWorkers
+ job_size = _zstd.ZSTD_c_jobSize
+ overlap_log = _zstd.ZSTD_c_overlapLog
def bounds(self):
"""Return the (lower, upper) int bounds of a compression parameter.
Both the lower and upper bounds are inclusive.
"""
- return _zstd._get_param_bounds(self.value, is_compress=True)
+ return _zstd.get_param_bounds(self.value, is_compress=True)
class DecompressionParameter(enum.IntEnum):
"""Decompression parameters."""
- window_log_max = _zstd._ZSTD_d_windowLogMax
+ window_log_max = _zstd.ZSTD_d_windowLogMax
def bounds(self):
"""Return the (lower, upper) int bounds of a decompression parameter.
Both the lower and upper bounds are inclusive.
"""
- return _zstd._get_param_bounds(self.value, is_compress=False)
+ return _zstd.get_param_bounds(self.value, is_compress=False)
class Strategy(enum.IntEnum):
@@ -219,16 +225,16 @@ class Strategy(enum.IntEnum):
the numeric value might change.
"""
- fast = _zstd._ZSTD_fast
- dfast = _zstd._ZSTD_dfast
- greedy = _zstd._ZSTD_greedy
- lazy = _zstd._ZSTD_lazy
- lazy2 = _zstd._ZSTD_lazy2
- btlazy2 = _zstd._ZSTD_btlazy2
- btopt = _zstd._ZSTD_btopt
- btultra = _zstd._ZSTD_btultra
- btultra2 = _zstd._ZSTD_btultra2
+ fast = _zstd.ZSTD_fast
+ dfast = _zstd.ZSTD_dfast
+ greedy = _zstd.ZSTD_greedy
+ lazy = _zstd.ZSTD_lazy
+ lazy2 = _zstd.ZSTD_lazy2
+ btlazy2 = _zstd.ZSTD_btlazy2
+ btopt = _zstd.ZSTD_btopt
+ btultra = _zstd.ZSTD_btultra
+ btultra2 = _zstd.ZSTD_btultra2
# Check validity of the CompressionParameter & DecompressionParameter types
-_zstd._set_parameter_types(CompressionParameter, DecompressionParameter)
+_zstd.set_parameter_types(CompressionParameter, DecompressionParameter)
diff --git a/Lib/compression/zstd/_zstdfile.py b/Lib/compression/zstd/_zstdfile.py
index fbc9e02a733626..0086c13d3c1419 100644
--- a/Lib/compression/zstd/_zstdfile.py
+++ b/Lib/compression/zstd/_zstdfile.py
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
import io
from os import PathLike
-from _zstd import (ZstdCompressor, ZstdDecompressor, _ZSTD_DStreamSizes,
- ZstdError)
+from _zstd import (ZstdCompressor, ZstdDecompressor, ZstdError,
+ ZSTD_DStreamOutSize)
from compression._common import _streams
__all__ = ("ZstdFile", "open")
-_ZSTD_DStreamOutSize = _ZSTD_DStreamSizes[1]
-
_MODE_CLOSED = 0
_MODE_READ = 1
_MODE_WRITE = 2
@@ -91,7 +89,6 @@ def __init__(self, file, /, mode="r", *,
raw = _streams.DecompressReader(
self._fp,
ZstdDecompressor,
- trailing_error=ZstdError,
zstd_dict=zstd_dict,
options=options,
)
@@ -188,7 +185,7 @@ def read1(self, size=-1):
# Note this should *not* be io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE.
# ZSTD_DStreamOutSize is the minimum amount to read guaranteeing
# a full block is read.
- size = _ZSTD_DStreamOutSize
+ size = ZSTD_DStreamOutSize
return self._buffer.read1(size)
def readinto(self, b):
diff --git a/Lib/functools.py b/Lib/functools.py
index 714070c6ac9460..7f0eac3f650209 100644
--- a/Lib/functools.py
+++ b/Lib/functools.py
@@ -323,6 +323,9 @@ def _partial_new(cls, func, /, *args, **keywords):
"or a descriptor")
if args and args[-1] is Placeholder:
raise TypeError("trailing Placeholders are not allowed")
+ for value in keywords.values():
+ if value is Placeholder:
+ raise TypeError("Placeholder cannot be passed as a keyword argument")
if isinstance(func, base_cls):
pto_phcount = func._phcount
tot_args = func.args
diff --git a/Lib/html/parser.py b/Lib/html/parser.py
index 13c95c34e505c8..1e30956fe24f83 100644
--- a/Lib/html/parser.py
+++ b/Lib/html/parser.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
import _markupbase
from html import unescape
+from html.entities import html5 as html5_entities
__all__ = ['HTMLParser']
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@
entityref = re.compile('&([a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9]*)[^a-zA-Z0-9]')
charref = re.compile('&#(?:[0-9]+|[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+)[^0-9a-fA-F]')
+attr_charref = re.compile(r'&(#[0-9]+|#[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+|[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*)[;=]?')
starttagopen = re.compile('<[a-zA-Z]')
piclose = re.compile('>')
@@ -57,6 +59,22 @@
# ')
+# Character reference processing logic specific to attribute values
+# See: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/parsing.html#named-character-reference-state
+def _replace_attr_charref(match):
+ ref = match.group(0)
+ # Numeric / hex char refs must always be unescaped
+ if ref.startswith('&#'):
+ return unescape(ref)
+ # Named character / entity references must only be unescaped
+ # if they are an exact match, and they are not followed by an equals sign
+ if not ref.endswith('=') and ref[1:] in html5_entities:
+ return unescape(ref)
+ # Otherwise do not unescape
+ return ref
+
+def _unescape_attrvalue(s):
+ return attr_charref.sub(_replace_attr_charref, s)
class HTMLParser(_markupbase.ParserBase):
@@ -242,7 +260,7 @@ def goahead(self, end):
else:
assert 0, "interesting.search() lied"
# end while
- if end and i < n and not self.cdata_elem:
+ if end and i < n:
if self.convert_charrefs and not self.cdata_elem:
self.handle_data(unescape(rawdata[i:n]))
else:
@@ -260,7 +278,7 @@ def parse_html_declaration(self, i):
if rawdata[i:i+4] == ' ¬-an-entity-ref;
+
+ ''"""
+ s = f'