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‎Doc/c-api/unicode.rst

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Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a linebreak character.
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@@ -268,57 +268,57 @@ are available through these macros which are mapped to C functions depending on
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the Python configuration.
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISSPACE(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISSPACE(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a whitespace character.
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISLOWER(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISLOWER(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a lowercase character.
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISUPPER(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISUPPER(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is an uppercase character.
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISTITLE(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISTITLE(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a titlecase character.
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISLINEBREAK(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISLINEBREAK(Py_UCS4 ch)
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISDECIMAL(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISDECIMAL(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a decimal character.
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISDIGIT(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISDIGIT(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a digit character.
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISNUMERIC(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISNUMERIC(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a numeric character.
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISALPHA(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISALPHA(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is an alphabetic character.
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISALNUM(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISALNUM(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is an alphanumeric character.
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISPRINTABLE(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_ISPRINTABLE(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return ``1`` or ``0`` depending on whether *ch* is a printable character.
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Nonprintable characters are those characters defined in the Unicode character
@@ -332,43 +332,43 @@ the Python configuration.
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These APIs can be used for fast direct character conversions:
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.. c:function:: Py_UNICODE Py_UNICODE_TOLOWER(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: Py_UCS4 Py_UNICODE_TOLOWER(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return the character *ch* converted to lower case.
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.. deprecated:: 3.3
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This function uses simple case mappings.
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.. c:function:: Py_UNICODE Py_UNICODE_TOUPPER(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: Py_UCS4 Py_UNICODE_TOUPPER(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return the character *ch* converted to upper case.
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.. deprecated:: 3.3
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This function uses simple case mappings.
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.. c:function:: Py_UNICODE Py_UNICODE_TOTITLE(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: Py_UCS4 Py_UNICODE_TOTITLE(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return the character *ch* converted to title case.
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.. deprecated:: 3.3
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This function uses simple case mappings.
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_TODECIMAL(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_TODECIMAL(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return the character *ch* converted to a decimal positive integer. Return
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``-1`` if this is not possible. This macro does not raise exceptions.
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_TODIGIT(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: int Py_UNICODE_TODIGIT(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return the character *ch* converted to a single digit integer. Return ``-1`` if
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this is not possible. This macro does not raise exceptions.
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.. c:function:: double Py_UNICODE_TONUMERIC(Py_UNICODE ch)
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.. c:function:: double Py_UNICODE_TONUMERIC(Py_UCS4 ch)
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Return the character *ch* converted to a double. Return ``-1.0`` if this is not
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possible. This macro does not raise exceptions.

‎Doc/conf.py

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html_theme_path = ['tools']
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html_theme_options = {
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'collapsiblesidebar': True,
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'issues_url': 'https://docs.python.org/3/bugs.html',
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'issues_url': '/bugs.html',
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'license_url': '/license.html',
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'root_include_title': False # We use the version switcher instead.
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}
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‎Doc/howto/enum.rst

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@@ -819,17 +819,20 @@ Some rules:
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1. When subclassing :class:`Enum`, mix-in types must appear before
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:class:`Enum` itself in the sequence of bases, as in the :class:`IntEnum`
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example above.
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2. While :class:`Enum` can have members of any type, once you mix in an
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2. Mix-in types must be subclassable. For example,
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:class:`bool` and :class:`range` are not subclassable
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and will throw an error during Enum creation if used as the mix-in type.
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3. While :class:`Enum` can have members of any type, once you mix in an
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additional type, all the members must have values of that type, e.g.
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:class:`int` above. This restriction does not apply to mix-ins which only
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add methods and don't specify another type.
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3. When another data type is mixed in, the :attr:`value` attribute is *not the
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4. When another data type is mixed in, the :attr:`value` attribute is *not the
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same* as the enum member itself, although it is equivalent and will compare
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equal.
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4. %-style formatting: `%s` and `%r` call the :class:`Enum` class's
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5. %-style formatting: `%s` and `%r` call the :class:`Enum` class's
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:meth:`__str__` and :meth:`__repr__` respectively; other codes (such as
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`%i` or `%h` for IntEnum) treat the enum member as its mixed-in type.
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5. :ref:`Formatted string literals <f-strings>`, :meth:`str.format`,
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6. :ref:`Formatted string literals <f-strings>`, :meth:`str.format`,
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and :func:`format` will use the mixed-in type's :meth:`__format__`
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unless :meth:`__str__` or :meth:`__format__` is overridden in the subclass,
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in which case the overridden methods or :class:`Enum` methods will be used.

‎Doc/library/hashlib.rst

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Using :func:`new` with an algorithm provided by OpenSSL:
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>>> h = hashlib.new('sha512_256')
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>>> h = hashlib.new('sha256')
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>>> h.update(b"Nobody inspects the spammish repetition")
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>>> h.hexdigest()
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'19197dc4d03829df858011c6c87600f994a858103bbc19005f20987aa19a97e2'
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'031edd7d41651593c5fe5c006fa5752b37fddff7bc4e843aa6af0c950f4b9406'
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Hashlib provides the following constant attributes:
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‎Doc/library/string.rst

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templates containing dangling delimiters, unmatched braces, or
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placeholders that are not valid Python identifiers.
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.. method:: is_valid()
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Returns false if the template has invalid placeholders that will cause
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:meth:`substitute` to raise :exc:`ValueError`.
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.. versionadded:: 3.11
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.. method:: get_identifiers()
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Returns a list of the valid identifiers in the template, in the order
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they first appear, ignoring any invalid identifiers.
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.. versionadded:: 3.11
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:class:`Template` instances also provide one public data attribute:
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.. attribute:: template
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* *invalid* -- This group matches any other delimiter pattern (usually a single
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delimiter), and it should appear last in the regular expression.
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The methods on this class will raise :exc:`ValueError` if the pattern matches
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the template without one of these named groups matching.
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Helper functions
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----------------

‎Doc/library/sys.rst

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.. versionadded:: 3.8
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__unraisablehook__
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.. function:: exception()
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This function returns the exception instance that is currently being
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handled. This exception is specific both to the current thread and
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to the current stack frame. If the current stack frame is not handling
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an exception, the exception is taken from the calling stack frame, or its
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caller, and so on until a stack frame is found that is handling an
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exception. Here, "handling an exception" is defined as "executing an
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except clause." For any stack frame, only the exception being currently
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handled is accessible.
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.. index:: object: traceback
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If no exception is being handled anywhere on the stack, ``None`` is
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returned.
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.. versionadded:: 3.11
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.. function:: exc_info()
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This function returns a tuple of three values that give information about the
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exception that is currently being handled. The information returned is specific
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both to the current thread and to the current stack frame. If the current stack
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frame is not handling an exception, the information is taken from the calling
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stack frame, or its caller, and so on until a stack frame is found that is
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handling an exception. Here, "handling an exception" is defined as "executing
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an except clause." For any stack frame, only information about the exception
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being currently handled is accessible.
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This function returns the old-style representation of the handled
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exception. If an exception ``e`` is currently handled (so
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:func:`exception` would return ``e``), :func:`exc_info` returns the
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tuple ``(type(e), e, e.__traceback__)``.
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That is, a tuple containing the type of the exception (a subclass of
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:exc:`BaseException`), the exception itself, and a :ref:`traceback
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object <traceback-objects>` which typically encapsulates the call
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stack at the point where the exception last occurred.
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.. index:: object: traceback
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If no exception is being handled anywhere on the stack, a tuple containing
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three ``None`` values is returned. Otherwise, the values returned are
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``(type, value, traceback)``. Their meaning is: *type* gets the type of the
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exception being handled (a subclass of :exc:`BaseException`); *value* gets
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the exception instance (an instance of the exception type); *traceback* gets
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a :ref:`traceback object <traceback-objects>` which typically encapsulates
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the call stack at the point where the exception last occurred.
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If no exception is being handled anywhere on the stack, this function
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return a tuple containing three ``None`` values.
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‎Doc/library/typing.rst

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from collections.abc import Callable
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from threading import Lock
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from typing import Any, Concatenate, ParamSpec, TypeVar
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from typing import Concatenate, ParamSpec, TypeVar
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P = ParamSpec('P')
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R = TypeVar('R')
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.. versionadded:: 3.8
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.. versionchanged:: 3.11
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The decorator will now set the ``__final__`` attribute to ``True``
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on the decorated object. Thus, a check like
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``if getattr(obj, "__final__", False)`` can be used at runtime
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to determine whether an object ``obj`` has been marked as final.
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If the decorated object does not support setting attributes,
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the decorator returns the object unchanged without raising an exception.
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.. decorator:: no_type_check
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Decorator to indicate that annotations are not type hints.

‎Doc/library/unittest.rst

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Unittest supports simple test discovery. In order to be compatible with test
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discovery, all of the test files must be :ref:`modules <tut-modules>` or
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:ref:`packages <tut-packages>` (including :term:`namespace packages
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<namespace package>`) importable from the top-level directory of
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:ref:`packages <tut-packages>` importable from the top-level directory of
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the project (this means that their filenames must be valid :ref:`identifiers
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<identifiers>`).
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directory too (e.g.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.11
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Python 3.11 dropped the :term:`namespace packages <namespace package>`
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support. It has been broken since Python 3.7. Start directory and
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subdirectories containing tests must be regular package that have
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``__init__.py`` file.
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Directories containing start directory still can be a namespace package.
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In this case, you need to specify start directory as dotted package name,
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and target directory explicitly. For example::
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# namespace/
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# __init__.py
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# test_mypkg.py
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.. _organizing-tests:
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whether their path matches *pattern*, because it is impossible for
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.. versionchanged:: 3.11
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*start_dir* can not be a :term:`namespace packages <namespace package>`.
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It has been broken since Python 3.7 and Python 3.11 officially remove it.
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The following attributes of a :class:`TestLoader` can be configured either by
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‎Doc/requirements.txt

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# The theme used by the documentation is stored separately, so we need
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python-docs-theme
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python-docs-theme>=2022.1

‎Doc/tutorial/datastructures.rst

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The conditions used in ``while`` and ``if`` statements can contain any
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operators, not just comparisons.
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The comparison operators ``in`` and ``not in`` check whether a value occurs
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(does not occur) in a sequence. The operators ``is`` and ``is not`` compare
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whether two objects are really the same object. All comparison operators have
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the same priority, which is lower than that of all numerical operators.
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The comparison operators ``in`` and ``not in`` are membership tests that
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determine whether a value is in (or not in) a container. The operators ``is``
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and ``is not`` compare whether two objects are really the same object. All
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comparison operators have the same priority, which is lower than that of all
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numerical operators.
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Comparisons can be chained. For example, ``a < b == c`` tests whether ``a`` is
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less than ``b`` and moreover ``b`` equals ``c``.

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