10000 gh-93738: Documentation C syntax (:c:type:`PyObject` -> :c:expr:`PyOb… · python/cpython@0bf6a61 · GitHub
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gh-93738: Documentation C syntax (:c:type:PyObject -> :c:expr:PyObject) (#97776)
:c:type:`PyObject` -> :c:expr:`PyObject`
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‎Doc/c-api/arg.rst

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@@ -129,17 +129,17 @@ which disallows mutable objects such as :class:`bytearray`.
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``S`` (:class:`bytes`) [PyBytesObject \*]
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Requires that the Python object is a :class:`bytes` object, without
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attempting any conversion. Raises :exc:`TypeError` if the object is not
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a bytes object. The C variable may also be declared as :c:type:`PyObject*`.
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a bytes object. The C variable may also be declared as :c:expr:`PyObject*`.
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``Y`` (:class:`bytearray`) [PyByteArrayObject \*]
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Requires that the Python object is a :class:`bytearray` object, without
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attempting any conversion. Raises :exc:`TypeError` if the object is not
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a :class:`bytearray` object. The C variable may also be declared as :c:type:`PyObject*`.
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a :class:`bytearray` object. The C variable may also be declared as :c:expr:`PyObject*`.
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``U`` (:class:`str`) [PyObject \*]
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Requires that the Python object is a Unicode object, without attempting
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any conversion. Raises :exc:`TypeError` if the object is not a Unicode
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object. The C variable may also be declared as :c:type:`PyObject*`.
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object. The C variable may also be declared as :c:expr:`PyObject*`.
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``w*`` (read-write :term:`bytes-like object`) [Py_buffer]
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This format accepts any object which implements the read-write buffer
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``O!`` (object) [*typeobject*, PyObject \*]
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Store a Python object in a C object pointer. This is similar to ``O``, but
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takes two C arguments: the first is the address of a Python type object, the
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second is the address of the C variable (of type :c:type:`PyObject*`) into which
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second is the address of the C variable (of type :c:expr:`PyObject*`) into which
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the object pointer is stored. If the Python object does not have the required
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type, :exc:`TypeError` is raised.
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@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ API Functions
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*args*; it must actually be a tuple. The length of the tuple must be at least
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*min* and no more than *max*; *min* and *max* may be equal. Additional
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arguments must be passed to the function, each of which should be a pointer to a
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:c:type:`PyObject*` variable; these will be filled in with the values from
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:c:expr:`PyObject*` variable; these will be filled in with the values from
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*args*; they will contain :term:`borrowed references <borrowed reference>`.
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The variables which correspond
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to optional parameters not given by *args* will not be filled in; these should

‎Doc/c-api/call.rst

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@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ please see individual documentation for details.
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This is the equivalent of the Python expression: ``callable(*args)``.
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Note that if you only pass :c:type:`PyObject *` args,
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Note that if you only pass :c:expr:`PyObject *` args,
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:c:func:`PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs` is a faster alternative.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.4
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ please see individual documentation for details.
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This is the equivalent of the Python expression:
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``obj.name(arg1, arg2, ...)``.
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Note that if you only pass :c:type:`PyObject *` args,
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Note that if you only pass :c:expr:`PyObject *` args,
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:c:func:`PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs` is a faster alternative.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.4
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ please see individual documentation for details.
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.. c:function:: PyObject* PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(PyObject *callable, ...)
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Call a callable Python object *callable*, with a variable number of
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:c:type:`PyObject *` arguments. The arguments are provided as a variable number
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:c:expr:`PyObject *` arguments. The arguments are provided as a variable number
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of parameters followed by *NULL*.
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Return the result of the call on success, or raise an exception and return
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Call a method of the Python object *obj*, where the name of the method is given as a
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Python string object in *name*. It is called with a variable number of
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:c:type:`PyObject *` arguments. The arguments are provided as a variable number
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:c:expr:`PyObject *` arguments. The arguments are provided as a variable number
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of parameters followed by *NULL*.
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Return the result of the call on success, or raise an exception and return

‎Doc/c-api/dict.rst

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@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ Dictionary Objects
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.. c:function:: PyObject* PyDict_GetItemString(PyObject *p, const char *key)
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This is the same as :c:func:`PyDict_GetItem`, but *key* is specified as a
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:c:type:`const char*`, rather than a :c:type:`PyObject*`.
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:c:type:`const char*`, rather than a :c:expr:`PyObject*`.
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Note that exceptions which occur while calling :meth:`__hash__` and
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:meth:`__eq__` methods and creating a temporary string object
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prior to the first call to this function to start the iteration; the
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function returns true for each pair in the dictionary, and false once all
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pairs have been reported. The parameters *pkey* and *pvalue* should either
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point to :c:type:`PyObject*` variables that will be filled in with each key
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point to :c:expr:`PyObject*` variables that will be filled in with each key
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and value, respectively, or may be ``NULL``. Any references returned through
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them are borrowed. *ppos* should not be altered during iteration. Its
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value represents offsets within the internal dictionary structure, and

‎Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst

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All standard Python exceptions are available as global variables whose names are
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``PyExc_`` followed by the Python exception name. These have the type
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:c:type:`PyObject*`; they are all class objects. For completeness, here are all
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:c:expr:`PyObject*`; they are all class objects. For completeness, here are all
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the variables:
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.. index::
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All standard Python warning categories are available as global variables whose
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names are ``PyExc_`` followed by the Python exception name. These have the type
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:c:type:`PyObject*`; they are all class objects. For completeness, here are all
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:c:expr:`PyObject*`; they are all class objects. For completeness, here are all
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the variables:
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.. index::

‎Doc/c-api/init.rst

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@@ -1875,7 +1875,7 @@ you need to include :file:`pythread.h` to use thread-local storage.
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.. note::
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None of these API functions handle memory management on behalf of the
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:c:type:`void*` values. You need to allocate and deallocate them yourself.
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If the :c:type:`void*` values happen to be :c:type:`PyObject*`, these
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If the :c:type:`void*` values happen to be :c:expr:`PyObject*`, these
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functions don't do refcount operations on them either.
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.. _thread-specific-storage-api:

‎Doc/c-api/intro.rst

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@@ -264,13 +264,13 @@ Objects, Types and Reference Counts
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.. index:: object: type
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Most Python/C API functions have one or more arguments as well as a return value
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of type :c:type:`PyObject*`. This type is a pointer to an opaque data type
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of type :c:expr:`PyObject*`. This type is a pointer to an opaque data type
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representing an arbitrary Python object. Since all Python object types are
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treated the same way by the Python language in most situations (e.g.,
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assignments, scope rules, and argument passing), it is only fitting that they
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should be represented by a single C type. Almost all Python objects live on the
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heap: you never declare an automatic or static variable of type
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:c:type:`PyObject`, only pointer variables of type :c:type:`PyObject*` can be
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:c:type:`PyObject`, only pointer variables of type :c:expr:`PyObject*` can be
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declared. The sole exception are the type objects; since these must never be
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deallocated, they are typically static :c:type:`PyTypeObject` objects.
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‎Doc/c-api/structures.rst

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@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ the definition of all other Python objects.
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object. In a normal "release" build, it contains only the object's
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reference count and a pointer to the corresponding type object.
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Nothing is actually declared to be a :c:type:`PyObject`, but every pointer
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to a Python object can be cast to a :c:type:`PyObject*`. Access to the
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to a Python object can be cast to a :c:expr:`PyObject*`. Access to the
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members must be done by using the macros :c:macro:`Py_REFCNT` and
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:c:macro:`Py_TYPE`.
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@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ Implementing functions and methods
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.. c:type:: PyCFunction
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Type of the functions used to implement most Python callables in C.
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Functions of this type take two :c:type:`PyObject*` parameters and return
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Functions of this type take two :c:expr:`PyObject*` parameters and return
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one such value. If the return value is ``NULL``, an exception shall have
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been set. If not ``NULL``, the return value is interpreted as the return
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value of the function as exposed in Python. The function must return a new
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+------------------+---------------+-------------------------------+
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The :attr:`ml_meth` is a C function pointer. The functions may be of different
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types, but they always return :c:type:`PyObject*`. If the function is not of
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types, but they always return :c:expr:`PyObject*`. If the function is not of
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the :c:type:`PyCFunction`, the compiler will require a cast in the method table.
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Even though :c:type:`PyCFunction` defines the first parameter as
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:c:type:`PyObject*`, it is common that the method implementation uses the
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:c:expr:`PyObject*`, it is common that the method implementation uses the
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specific C type of the *self* object.
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The :attr:`ml_flags` field is a bitfield which can include the following flags.
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.. data:: METH_VARARGS
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This is the typical calling convention, where the methods have the type
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:c:type:`PyCFunction`. The function expects two :c:type:`PyObject*` values.
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:c:type:`PyCFunction`. The function expects two :c:expr:`PyObject*` values.
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The first one is the *self* object for methods; for module functions, it is
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the module object. The second parameter (often called *args*) is a tuple
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object representing all arguments. This parameter is typically processed
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Fast calling convention supporting only positional arguments.
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The methods have the type :c:type:`_PyCFunctionFast`.
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The first parameter is *self*, the second parameter is a C array
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of :c:type:`PyObject*` values indicating the arguments and the third
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of :c:expr:`PyObject*` values indicating the arguments and the third
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parameter is the number of arguments (the length of the array).
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.. versionadded:: 3.7
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with methods of type :c:type:`_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords`.
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Keyword arguments are passed the same way as in the
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:ref:`vectorcall protocol <vectorcall>`:
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there is an additional fourth :c:type:`PyObject*` parameter
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there is an additional fourth :c:expr:`PyObject*` parameter
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which is a tuple representing the names of the keyword arguments
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(which are guaranteed to be strings)
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or possibly ``NULL`` if there are no keywords. The values of the keyword
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Methods with a single object argument can be listed with the :const:`METH_O`
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flag, instead of invoking :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` with a ``"O"`` argument.
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They have the type :c:type:`PyCFunction`, with the *self* parameter, and a
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:c:type:`PyObject*` parameter representing the single argument.
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:c:expr:`PyObject*` parameter representing the single argument.
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These two constants are not used to indicate the calling convention but the
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| | | getter and setter |
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+-------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+
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The ``get`` function takes one :c:type:`PyObject*` parameter (the
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The ``get`` function takes one :c:expr:`PyObject*` parameter (the
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instance) and a function pointer (the associated ``closure``)::
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typedef PyObject *(*getter)(PyObject *, void *);
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It should return a new reference on success or ``NULL`` with a set exception
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on failure.
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``set`` functions take two :c:type:`PyObject*` parameters (the instance and
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``set`` functions take two :c:expr:`PyObject*` parameters (the instance and
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the value to be set) and a function pointer (the associated ``closure``)::
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typedef int (*setter)(PyObject *, PyObject *, void *);

‎Doc/c-api/tuple.rst

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.. c:type:: PyStructSequence_Field
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Describes a field of a struct sequence. As a struct sequence is modeled as a
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tuple, all fields are typed as :c:type:`PyObject*`. The index in the
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tuple, all fields are typed as :c:expr:`PyObject*`. The index in the
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:attr:`fields` array of the :c:type:`PyStructSequence_Desc` determines which
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field of the struct sequence is described.
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‎Doc/c-api/typeobj.rst

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than zero and contains the offset in the instance structure of the weak
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reference list head (ignoring the GC header, if present); this offset is used by
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:c:func:`PyObject_ClearWeakRefs` and the :c:func:`PyWeakref_\*` functions. The
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instance structure needs to include a field of type :c:type:`PyObject*` which is
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instance structure needs to include a field of type :c:expr:`PyObject*` which is
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initialized to ``NULL``.
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Do not confuse this field with :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklist`; that is the list head for

‎Doc/library/ctypes.rst

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.. class:: py_object
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Represents the C :c:type:`PyObject *` datatype. Calling this without an
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argument creates a ``NULL`` :c:type:`PyObject *` pointer.
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Represents the C :c:expr:`PyObject *` datatype. Calling this without an
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argument creates a ``NULL`` :c:expr:`PyObject *` pointer.
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The :mod:`ctypes.wintypes` module provides quite some other Windows specific
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data types, for example :c:type:`HWND`, :c:type:`WPARAM`, or :c:type:`DWORD`. Some

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