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It will not work with other make","programs. On GNU/Linux systems GNU make is the default tool, on other","systems you may find that GNU make is installed under the name gmake. We","will use that name from now on to indicate GNU make, no matter what name it","has on your system. To test for GNU make enter","","\u003e gmake --version","","","If you need to get GNU make, you can find it at ftp://ftp.gnu.org.","","Up to date information on supported platforms is at","http://www.postgresql.org/docs/admin/ports.htm. In general, most","Unix-compatible platforms with modern libraries should be able to run","PostgreSQL. In the doc subdirectory of the distribution are several","platform-specific FAQ and README documents you might wish to consult if you","are having trouble.","","Although the minimum required memory for running PostgreSQL can be as little","as 8MB, there are noticeable speed improvements when expanding memory up to","96MB or beyond. The rule is you can never have too much memory.","","Check that you have sufficient disk space. You will need about 30 Mbytes for","the source tree during compilation and about 5 Mbytes for the installation","directory. An empty database takes about 1 Mbyte, otherwise they take about","five times the amount of space that a flat text file with the same data","would take. If you run the regression tests you will temporarily need an","extra 20MB.","","To check for disk space, use","","\u003e df -k","","Considering today's prices for hard disks, getting a large and fast hard","disk should probably be in your plans before putting a database into","production use.","","","Installation Procedure","","PostgreSQL Installation","","For a fresh install or upgrading from previous releases of PostgreSQL:",""," 1. Create the PostgreSQL superuser account. This is the user the server"," will run as. For production use you should create a separate,"," unprivileged account (postgres is commonly used). If you do not have"," root access or just want to play around, your own user account is"," enough.",""," Running PostgreSQL as root, bin, or any other account with special"," access rights is a security risk; don't do it. The postmaster will in"," fact refuse to start as root.",""," You need not do the building and installation itself under this account"," (although you can). You will be told when you need to login as the"," database superuser.",""," 2. Configure the source code for your system. It is this step at which you"," can specify your actual installation path for the build process and"," make choices about what gets installed. Change into the src"," subdirectory and type:",""," \u003e ./configure","",""," followed by any options you might want to give it. For a first"," installation you should be able to do fine without any. For a complete"," list of options, type:",""," \u003e ./configure --help","",""," Some of the more commonly used ones are:",""," --prefix=BASEDIR",""," Selects a different base directory for the installation of"," PostgreSQL. The default is /usr/local/pgsql.",""," --enable-locale",""," If you want to use locales.",""," --enable-multibyte",""," Allows the use of multibyte character encodings. This is primarily"," for languages like Japanese, Korean, or Chinese.",""," --with-perl",""," Builds the Perl interface and plperl extension language. Please"," note that the Perl interface needs to be installed into the usual"," place for Perl modules (typically under /usr/lib/perl), so you"," must have root access to perform the installation step. (It is"," often easiest to leave out --with-perl initially, and then build"," and install the Perl interface after completing the installation"," of PostgreSQL itself.)",""," --with-odbc",""," Builds the ODBC driver package.",""," --with-tcl",""," Builds interface libraries and programs requiring Tcl/Tk,"," including libpgtcl, pgtclsh, and pgtksh.",""," 3. Compile the program. Type",""," \u003e gmake","",""," The compilation process can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour."," Your mileage will most certainly vary. Remember to use GNU make.",""," The last line displayed will hopefully be",""," All of PostgreSQL is successfully made. Ready to install.","",""," 4. If you want to test the newly built server before you install it, you"," can run the regression tests at this point. The regression tests are a"," test suite to verify that PostgreSQL runs on your machine in the way"," the developers expected it to. For detailed instructions see Regression"," Test. (Be sure to use the \"parallel regress test\" method, since the"," sequential method only works with an already-installed server.)",""," 5. If you are not upgrading an existing system, skip to step 7."," If you are running 7.*, skip to step 6.",""," You now need to back up your existing database. To dump your "," database installation, type:",""," \u003e pg_dumpall \u003e db.out","",""," If you wish to preserve object id's (oids), then use the -o option when"," running pg_dumpall. However, unless you have a special reason for doing"," this (such as using OIDs as keys in tables), don't do it.",""," Make sure to use the pg_dumpall command from the version you are"," currently running. 7.0.3's pg_dumpall should not be used on older"," databases.",""," Caution"," You must make sure that your database is not updated in the middle of your"," backup. If necessary, bring down postmaster, edit the permissions in file"," /usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf to allow only you on, then bring"," postmaster back up.",""," Rather than using pg_dumpall, pg_upgrade can often be used.",""," 6. If you are upgrading an existing system, kill the database server"," now. Type",""," \u003e ps ax | grep postmaster","",""," or",""," \u003e ps -e | grep postmaster","",""," (It depends on your system which one of these two works. No harm can be"," done by typing the wrong one.) This should list the process numbers for"," a number of processes, similar to this:",""," 263 ? SW 0:00 (postmaster)"," 777 p1 S 0:00 grep postmaster","",""," Type the following line, with pid replaced by the process id for"," process postmaster (263 in the above case). (Do not use the id for the"," process \"grep postmaster\".)",""," \u003e kill pid","",""," Tip: On systems which have PostgreSQL started at boot time,"," there is probably a startup file that will accomplish the"," same thing. For example, on a Redhat Linux system one might"," find that",""," \u003e /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgres.init stop","",""," works.",""," If you used pg_dumpall, move the old directory out of the"," way. Type the following:",""," \u003e mv /usr/local/pgsql /usr/local/pgsql.old","",""," (substitute your particular paths).",""," 7. Install the PostgreSQL executable files and libraries. Type",""," \u003e gmake install","",""," You should do this step as the user that you want the installed"," executables to be owned by. This does not have to be the same as the"," database superuser; some people prefer to have the installed files be"," owned by root.",""," 8. If necessary, tell your system how to find the new shared libraries."," How to do this varies between platforms. The most widely usable method"," is to set the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH:",""," \u003e LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib"," \u003e export LD_LIBRARY_PATH","",""," on sh, ksh, bash, zsh or",""," \u003e setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib","",""," on csh or tcsh. You might want to put this into a shell startup file"," such as /etc/profile.",""," On some systems the following is the preferred method, but you must"," have root access. Edit file /etc/ld.so.conf to add a line",""," /usr/local/pgsql/lib","",""," Then run command /sbin/ldconfig.",""," If in doubt, refer to the manual pages of your system. If you later on"," get a message like",""," psql: error in loading shared libraries"," libpq.so.2.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory","",""," then the above was necessary. Simply do this step then.",""," 9. If you moved the old directory out of the way, "," create the database installation (the working data files). To do this"," you must log in to your PostgreSQL superuser account. It will not work"," as root.",""," \u003e mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data"," \u003e chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data"," \u003e su - postgres"," \u003e /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data","",""," The -D option specifies the location where the data will be stored. You"," can use any path you want, it does not have to be under the"," installation directory. Just make sure that the superuser account can"," write to the directory (or create it, if it doesn't already exist)"," before starting initdb. (If you have already been doing the"," installation up to now as the PostgreSQL superuser, you may have to log"," in as root temporarily to create the data directory underneath a"," root-owned directory.)",""," 10. The previous step should have told you how to start up the database"," server. Do so now. The command should look something like",""," \u003e /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data","",""," This will start the server in the foreground. To make it detach to the"," background, you can use the -S option, but then you won't see any log"," messages the server produces. A better way to put the server in the"," background is",""," \u003e nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \\"," \u003c/dev/null \u003e\u003eserver.log 2\u003e\u003e1 \u0026","",""," 11. If you did a pg_dumpall, reload your data back in:",""," \u003e /usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql -d template1 -f db.out","",""," You also might want to copy over the old pg_hba.conf file and any other"," files you might have had set up for authentication, such as password"," files.","","This concludes the installation proper. To make your life more productive","and enjoyable you should look at the following optional steps and","suggestions:",""," * Life will be more convenient if you set up some environment variables."," First of all you probably want to include /usr/local/pgsql/bin (or"," equivalent) into your PATH. To do this, add the following to your shell"," startup file, such as ~/.bash_profile (or /etc/profile, if you want it"," to affect every user):",""," \u003e PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgsql/bin","",""," Furthermore, if you set PGDATA in the environment of the PostgreSQL"," superuser, you can omit the -D for postmaster and initdb.",""," * You probably want to install the man and HTML documentation. Type",""," \u003e cd /usr/src/pgsql/postgresql-7.0.3/doc"," \u003e gmake install","",""," This will install files under /usr/local/pgsql/doc and"," /usr/local/pgsql/man. To enable your system to find the man"," documentation, you need to add a line like the following to a shell"," startup file:",""," \u003e MANPATH=$MANPATH:/usr/local/pgsql/man","",""," The documentation is also available in Postscript format. If you have a"," Postscript printer, or have your machine already set up to accept"," Postscript files using a print filter, then to print the User's Guide"," simply type",""," \u003e cd /usr/local/pgsql/doc"," \u003e gunzip -c user.ps.tz | lpr","",""," Here is how you might do it if you have Ghostscript on your system and"," are writing to a laserjet printer.",""," \u003e gunzip -c user.ps.gz \\"," | gs -sDEVICE=laserjet -r300 -q -dNOPAUSE -sOutputFile=- \\"," | lpr","",""," Printer setups can vary wildly from system to system. If in doubt,"," consult your manuals or your local expert.",""," The Adminstrator's Guide should probably be your first reading if you"," are completely new to PostgreSQL, as it contains information about how"," to set up database users and authentication.",""," * Usually, you will want to modify your computer so that it will"," automatically start the database server whenever it boots. This is not"," required; the PostgreSQL server can be run successfully from"," non-privileged accounts without root intervention.",""," Different systems have different conventions for starting up daemons at"," boot time, so you are advised to familiarize yourself with them. Most"," systems have a file /etc/rc.local or /etc/rc.d/rc.local which is almost"," certainly no bad place to put such a command. Whatever you do,"," postmaster must be run by the PostgreSQL superuser (postgres) and not"," by root or any other user. Therefore you probably always want to form"," your command lines along the lines of su -c '...' postgres.",""," It might be advisable to keep a log of the server output. To start the"," server that way try:",""," \u003e nohup su -c 'postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \u003e server.log 2\u003e\u00261' postgres \u0026","",""," Here are a few more operating system specific suggestions.",""," o Edit file rc.local on NetBSD or file rc2.d on SPARC Solaris 2.5.1"," to contain the following single line:",""," \u003e su postgres -c \"/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -S -D /usr/local/pgsql/data\"","",""," o In FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE edit /usr/local/etc/rc.d/pgsql.sh to"," contain the following lines and make it chmod 755 and chown"," root:bin.",""," #!/bin/sh"," [ -x /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster ] \u0026\u0026 {"," su -l pgsql -c 'exec /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster"," -D/usr/local/pgsql/data"," -S -o -F \u003e /usr/local/pgsql/errlog' \u0026"," echo -n ' pgsql'"," }","",""," You may put the line breaks as shown above. The shell is smart"," enough to keep parsing beyond end-of-line if there is an"," expression unfinished. The exec saves one layer of shell under the"," postmaster process so the parent is init.",""," o In RedHat Linux add a file /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgres.init which is"," based on the example in contrib/linux/. Then make a softlink to"," this file from /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgres.init.",""," * Run the regression tests against the installed server (using the"," sequential test method). If you didn't run the tests before"," installation, you should definitely do it now. For detailed"," instructions see Regression Test.","","To start experimenting with Postgres, set up the paths as explained above","and start the server. To create a database, type","","\u003e createdb testdb","","","Then enter","","\u003e psql testdb","","","to connect to that database. 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