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lines changed Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change 1- # Optional
2- This chapter includes 24 problems meant to draw several rules for working with ** Optional** . The problems and solutions presented in this section
3- are based on the Brian Goetz (Java’s language architect) definition: * Optional is intended to provide a limited mechanism for library method
4- return types where there needed to be a clear way to represent “no result," and using null for such was overwhelmingly likely to cause errors.*
5- But, where there are rules there are exceptions as well. Therefore, do not conclude that the rules (or practices) presented here should be
6- followed (or avoided) at all costs. Like always, it’s an it depends problem that requires to evaluate the situation and weight pros and cons.
1+ # The HTTP Client and WebSocket APIs
2+ This chapter includes 20 problems that are meant to cover the HTTP Client and WebSocket APIs.
3+
4+ Do you remember HttpUrlConnection? Well, JDK 11 comes with the HTTP Client API as a reinvention of HttpUrlConnection.
5+ The HTTP Client API is easy to use and supports HTTP/2 (default) and HTTP/1.1. For backward compatibility, the HTTP Client API
6+ will automatically downgrade from HTTP/2 to HTTP 1.1 when the server doesn't support HTTP/2. Moreover, the HTTP Client API
7+ supports synchronous and asynchronous programming models and relies on streams to transfer data (reactive streams). It also
8+ supports the WebSocket protocol, which is used in real-time web applications to provide client-server communication with low
9+ message overhead.
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