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<!DOCTYPE html>

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<title>Basic Usage — Slack Developer Kit for Python</title>

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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Slack Developer Kit for Python</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="auth.html">Tokens & Installation</a><ul>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="auth.html#keeping-tokens-safe">Keeping tokens safe</a></li>

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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Basic Usage</a><ul>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#sending-a-message">Sending a message</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#formatting-with-block-kit">Formatting with Block Kit</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#threading-messages">Threading Messages</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#updating-a-message">Updating a message</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#deleting-a-message">Deleting a message</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#opening-a-modal">Opening a modal</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#updating-and-pushing-modals">Updating and pushing modals</a></li>

<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#emoji-reactions">Emoji reactions</a></li>

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<h1>Basic Usage<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-usage" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>

The Slack Web API allows you to build applications that interact with Slack in more complex ways than the integrations we provide out of the box.

Access Slack’s API methods requires an OAuth token – see the <a class="reference external" href="auth">Tokens & Authentication</a> section for more on how Slack uses OAuth tokens as well as best practices.

<a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/methods">Each of these API methods</a> is fully documented on our developer site at api.slack.com

<h2>Sending a message<a class="headerlink" href="#sending-a-message" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

One of the primary uses of Slack is posting messages to a channel using the channel ID or as a DM to another person using their user ID. This method will handle either a channel ID or a user ID passed to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">channel</code> parameter.

<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)

import os

from slack import WebClient

from slack.errors import SlackApiError

slack_token = os.environ["SLACK_API_TOKEN"]

try:

response = client.chat_postMessage(

channel="C0XXXXXX",

text="Hello from your app! :tada:"

)

except SlackApiError as e:

# You will get a SlackApiError if "ok" is False

assert e.response["error"] # str like 'invalid_auth', 'channel_not_found'

</pre></div>

</div>

Sending an ephemeral message, which is only visible to an assigned user in a specified channel, is nearly the same

as sending a regular message, but with an additional <code class="docutils literal notranslate">user</code> parameter.

<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import os

from slack import WebClient

response = client.chat_postEphemeral(

channel="C0XXXXXX",

text="Hello silently from your app! :tada:",

user="U0XXXXXXX"

)

</pre></div>

</div>

See <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/methods/chat.postEphemeral">chat.postEphemeral</a> for more info.

</div>

<h2>Formatting with Block Kit<a class="headerlink" href="#formatting-with-block-kit" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

Messages posted from apps can contain more than just text, though. They can include full user interfaces composed of <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/block-kit">blocks</a>.

The chat.postMessage method takes an optional blocks argument that allows you to customize the layout of a message. Blocks specified in a single object literal, so just add additional keys for any optional argument.

To send a message to a channel, use the channel’s ID. For IMs, use the user’s ID.

<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>client.chat_postMessage(

channel="C0XXXXXX",

blocks=[

{

"type": "section",

"text": {

"type": "mrkdwn",

"text": "Danny Torrence left the following review for your property:"

}

},

{

"type": "section",

"text": {

"type": "mrkdwn",

"text": "<https://example.com|Overlook Hotel> \n :star: \n Doors had too many axe holes, guest in room " +

"237 was far too rowdy, whole place felt stuck in the 1920s."

},

"accessory": {

"type": "image",

"image_url": "https://images.pexels.com/photos/750319/pexels-photo-750319.jpeg",

"alt_text": "Haunted hotel image"

}

},

{

"type": "section",

"fields": [

{

"type": "mrkdwn",

"text": "*Average Rating*\n1.0"

}

]

}

]

)

</pre></div>

</div>

Note: You can use the <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/tools/block-kit-builder">Block Kit Builder</a> to prototype your message’s look and feel.

</div>

<h2>Threading Messages<a class="headerlink" href="#threading-messages" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

Threaded messages are a way of grouping messages together to provide greater context. You can reply to a thread or start a new threaded conversation by simply passing the original message’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate">ts</code> ID in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">thread_ts</code> attribute when posting a message. If you’re replying to a threaded message, you’ll pass the <cite>thread_ts</cite> ID of the message you’re replying to.

A channel or DM conversation is a nearly line 426F ar timeline of messages exchanged between people, bots, and apps. When one of these messages is replied to, it becomes the parent of a thread. By default, threaded replies do not appear directly in the channel, instead relegated to a kind of forked timeline descending from the parent message.

channel="C0XXXXXX",

thread_ts="1476746830.000003",

text="Hello from your app! :tada:"

)

</pre></div>

</div>

By default, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">reply_broadcast</code> is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">False</code>. To indicate your reply is germane to all members of a channel, and therefore a notification of the reply should be posted in-channel, set the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">reply_broadcast</code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">True</code>.

channel="C0XXXXXX",

thread_ts="1476746830.000003",

text="Hello from your app! :tada:",

reply_broadcast=True

)

</pre></div>

</div>

Note: While threaded messages may contain attachments and message buttons, when your reply is broadcast to the

channel, it’ll actually be a reference to your reply, not the reply itself.

So, when appearing in the channel, it won’t contain any attachments or message buttons. Also note that updates and

deletion of threaded replies works the same as regular messages.

See the <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/docs/message-threading#forking_conversations">Threading messages together</a>

article for more information.

</div>

<h2>Updating a message<a class="headerlink" href="#updating-a-message" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

Let’s say you have a bot which posts the status of a request. When that request changes, you’ll want to update the message to reflect it’s state.

channel="C0XXXXXX",

ts="1476746830.000003",

text="updates from your app! :tada:"

)

</pre></div>

</div>

See <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/methods/chat.update">chat.update</a> for formatting options and some special considerations when calling this with a bot user.

</div>

<h2>Deleting a message<a class="headerlink" href="#deleting-a-message" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

Sometimes you need to delete things.

channel="C0XXXXXX",

ts="1476745373.000002"

)

</pre></div>

</div>

See <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/methods/chat.delete">chat.delete</a> for more info.

</div>

<h2>Opening a modal<a class="headerlink" href="#opening-a-modal" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

Modals allow you to collect data from users and display dynamic information in a focused surface.

Modals use the same blocks that compose messages with the addition of an <cite>input</cite> block.

<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre># This module is available since v2.6

from slack.signature import SignatureVerifier

signature_verifier = SignatureVerifier(os.environ["SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET"])

from flask import Flask, request, make_response

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/slack/events", methods=["POST"])

def slack_app():

if not signature_verifier.is_valid_request(request.get_data(), request.headers):

return make_response("invalid request", 403)

if "payload" in request.form:

payload = json.loads(request.form["payload"])

if payload["type"] == "shortcut" \

and payload["callback_id"] == "open-modal-shortcut":

# Open a new modal by a global shortcut

try:

api_response = client.views_open(

trigger_id=payload["trigger_id"],

view={

"type": "modal",

"callback_id": "modal-id",

"title": {

"type": "plain_text",

"text": "Awesome Modal"

},

"submit": {

"type": "plain_text",

"text": "Submit"

},

"close": {

"type": "plain_text",

"text": "Cancel"

},

"blocks": [

{

"type": "input",

"block_id": "b-id",

"label": {

"type": "plain_text",

"text": "Input label",

},

"element": {

"action_id": "a-id",

"type": "plain_text_input",

}

]

}

)

return make_response("", 200)

except SlackApiError as e:

code = e.response["error"]

return make_response(f"Failed to open a modal due to {code}", 200)

if payload["type"] == "view_submission" \

and payload["view"]["callback_id"] == "modal-id":

# Handle a data submission request from the modal

submitted_data = payload["view"]["state"]["values"]

print(submitted_data) # {'b-id': {'a-id': {'type': 'plain_text_input', 'value': 'your input'}}}

return make_response("", 200)

return make_response("", 404)

if __name__ == "__main__":

# export SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET=***

# export SLACK_API_TOKEN=xoxb-***

# export FLASK_ENV=development

# python3 app.py

app.run("localhost", 3000)

</pre></div>

</div>

See <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/methods/views.open">views.open</a> more details and additional parameters.

Also, to run the above example, the following <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/apps">Slack app configurations</a> are required.

<li>Enable Interactivity with a valid Request URL: <code class="docutils literal notranslate">https://{your-public-domain}/slack/events</code></li>

<li>Add a global shortcut with the Callback ID: <code class="docutils literal notranslate">open-modal-shortcut</code></li>

</ul>

</div>

<h2>Updating and pushing modals<a class="headerlink" href="#updating-and-pushing-modals" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

You can dynamically update a view inside of a modal by calling <cite>views.update</cite> and passing the view ID returned in the previous <cite>views.open</cite> call.

<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>private_metadata = "any str data you want to store"

response = client.views_update(

view_id=payload["view"]["id"],

hash=payload["view"]["hash"],

view={

"type": "modal",

"callback_id": "modal-id",

"private_metadata": private_metadata,

"title": {

"type": "plain_text",

"text": "Awesome Modal"

},

"submit": {

"type": "plain_text",

"text": "Submit"

},

"close": {

"type": "plain_text",

"text": "Cancel"

},

"blocks": [

{

"type": "input",

"block_id": "b-id",

"label": {

"type": "plain_text",

"text": "Input label",

},

"element": {

"action_id": "a-id",

"type": "plain_text_input",

}

]

}

)

</pre></div>

</div>

See <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/methods/views.update">views.update</a> for more info.

If you want to push a new view onto the modal instead of updating an existing view, reference the <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/methods/views.push">views.push</a> documentation.

</div>

<h2>Emoji reactions<a class="headerlink" href="#emoji-reactions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

You can quickly respond to any message on Slack with an emoji reaction. Reactions can be used for any purpose: voting, checking off to-do items, showing excitement -— or just for fun.

This method adds a reaction (emoji) to an item (<code class="docutils literal notranslate">file</code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">file comment</code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">channel message</code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">group message</code>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate">direct message</code>). One of file, file_comment, or the combination of channel and timestamp must be specified.

channel="C0XXXXXXX",

name="thumbsup",

timestamp="1234567890.123456"

)

</pre></div>

</div>

Removing an emoji reaction is basically the same format, but you’ll use <code class="docutils literal notranslate">reactions.remove</code> instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate">reactions.add</code>

channel="C0XXXXXXX",

name="thumbsup",

timestamp="1234567890.123456"

)

</pre></div>

</div>

See <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/methods/reactions.add">reactions.add</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/methods/reactions.remove">reactions.remove</a> for more info.

</div>

<h2>Listing public channels<a class="headerlink" href="#listing-public-channels" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

At some point, you’ll want to find out what channels are available to your app. This is how you get that list.

<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>response = client.conversations_list(types="public_channel")

</pre></div>

</div>

Archived channels are included by default. You can exclude them by passing <code class="docutils literal notranslate">exclude_archived=1</code> to your request.

<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>response = client.conversations_list(exclude_archived=1)

</pre></div>

</div>

See <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/methods/conversations.list">conversations.list</a> for more info.

</div>

<h2>Getting a channel’s info<a class="headerlink" href="#getting-a-channel-s-info" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

Once you have the ID for a specific channel, you can fetch information about that channel.

<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>response = client.conversations_info(channel="C0XXXXXXX")

</pre></div>

</div>

See <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/methods/conversations.info">conversations.info</a> for more info.

</div>

<h2>Joining a channel<a class="headerlink" href="#joining-a-channel" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

Channels are the social hub of most Slack teams. Here’s how you hop into one:

<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>response = client.conversations_join(channel="C0XXXXXXY")

</pre></div>

</div>

If you are already in the channel, the response is slightly different.

<code class="docutils literal notranslate">already_in_channel</code> will be true, and a limited <code class="docutils literal notranslate">channel</code> object will be returned. Bot users cannot join a channel on their own, they need to be invited by another user.

See <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/methods/conversations.join">conversations.join</a> for more info.

</div>

<h2>Leaving a channel<a class="headerlink" href="#leaving-a-channel" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

Maybe you’ve finished up all the business you had in a channel, or maybe you

joined one by accident. This is how you leave a channel.

<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>response = client.conversations_leave(channel="C0XXXXXXX")

</pre></div>

</div>

See <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/methods/conversations.leave">conversations.leave</a> for more info.

</div>

<h2>Listing team members<a class="headerlink" href="#listing-team-members" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

users = response["members"]

user_ids = list(map(lambda u: u["id"], users))

</pre></div>

</div>

See <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/methods/users.list">users.list</a> for more info.

</div>

<h2>Uploading files<a class="headerlink" href="#uploading-files" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

channels="C3UKJTQAC",

file="files.pdf",

title="Test upload"

)

</pre></div>

</div>

See <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/methods/files.upload">files.upload</a> for more info.

</div>

<h2>Calling any API methods<a class="headerlink" href="#calling-any-api-methods" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

This library covers all the public endpoints as the methods in <code class="docutils literal notranslate">WebClient</code>. That said, you may see a bit delay of the library release. When you’re in a hurry, you can directly use <code class="docutils literal notranslate">api_call</code> method as below.

<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import os

from slack import WebClient

client = WebClient(token=os.environ['SLACK_API_TOKEN'])

response = client.api_call(

api_method='chat.postMessage',

json={'channel': '#random','text': "Hello world!"}

)

assert response["message"]["text"] == "Hello world!"

</pre></div>

</div>

<h2>Web API Rate Limits<a class="headerlink" href="#web-api-rate-limits" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>

When posting messages to a channel, Slack allows applications to send no more than one message per channel per second. We allow bursts over that limit for short periods. However, if your app continues to exceed the limit over a longer period of time it will be rate limited. Different API methods have other rate limits – be sure to <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/docs/rate-limits">check the limits</a> and test that your application has a graceful fallback if it should hit those limits.

If you go over these limits, Slack will start returning a HTTP 429 Too Many Requests error, a JSON object containing the number of calls you have been making, and a Retry-After header containing the number of seconds until you can retry.

Here’s a very basic example of how one might deal with rate limited requests.

<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import os

import time

from slack import WebClient

from slack.errors import SlackApiError

client = WebClient(token=os.environ["SLACK_API_TOKEN"])

# Simple wrapper for sending a Slack message

def send_slack_message(channel, message):

return client.chat_postMessage(

channel=channel,

text=message

)

# Make the API call and save results to `response`

channel = "#random"

message = "Hello, from Python!"

# Do until being rate limited

while True:

try:

response = send_slack_message(channel, message)

except SlackApiError as e:

if e.response["error"] == "ratelimited":

# The `Retry-After` header will tell you how long to wait before retrying

delay = int(e.response.headers['Retry-After'])

print(f"Rate limited. Retrying in {delay} seconds")

time.sleep(delay)

else:

# other errors

raise e

</pre></div>

</div>

See the documentation on <a class="reference external" href="https://api.slack.com/docs/rate-limits">Rate Limiting</a> for more info.

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