operating-systems.html

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      <h1>Operating Systems</h1>
      <p>An operating system runs on the server or virtual server and controls access
to computing resources. The only recommended operating system for
production Python web stack deployments is Linux. There are several
Linux distributions commonly used for running production servers. Ubuntu
Long Term Support (LTS) releases, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and CentOS are
all viable options.</p>
<p><em>Side note</em>: Mac OS X is fine for development activities. Windows and Mac
OS X are not appropriate for most test and production deployments unless
there is a specific reason why you must use them in lieu of Linux.</p>
<div class="section" id="ubuntu">
<h2>Ubuntu</h2>
<p>Ubuntu is a Linux distribution packaged by the
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.canonical.com/">Canonical Ltd</a> company. Ubuntu uses the
Debian distribution as a base for packages, including the <a class="reference external" href="http://wiki.debian.org/Apt">aptitude package
manager</a>. For desktop versions of Ubuntu,
GNOME (until the 11.04 release) or Unity (11.10 through current)
is added to the distribution to provide a user interface.</p>
<p>Ubuntu <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTS">Long Term Support (LTS)</a> releases
are the recommended versions to use for deployments. LTS versions receive
five years of post-release updates from Canonical. Every two years, Canonical
creates a new LTS release, which allows for an easy upgrade path as well
as flexibility in skipping every other LTS release if necessary. As of
February 2014,
<a class="reference external" href="http://releases.ubuntu.com/precise/">12.04 Precise Pangolin</a>
is the latest Ubuntu LTS release.</p>
<div class="section" id="ubuntu-python-packages">
<h3>Ubuntu Python Packages</h3>
<p>There are several
<a class="reference external" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/aptitude.html">Aptitude</a>
packages found on Linux servers running a Python stack. These include</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/python-dev">python-dev</a> for header
files and static library for Python</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/python-virtualenv">python-virtualenv</a>
for creating and managing Python virtual environments
(<a class="reference external" href="http://www.virtualenv.org/en/latest/">virtualenvs</a>)</li>
</ul>
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<div class="section" id="red-hat-and-centos">
<h2>Red Hat and CentOS</h2>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.redhat.com/products/enterprise-linux/">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a>
(RHEL) and <a class="reference external" href="http://www.centos.org/">Community ENTerprise Operating System</a>
(CentOS) are the same distribution. The only difference between the two
(other than the name) is that CentOS is an open source, liberally
licensed free derivative of RHEL.</p>
<p>RHEL and CentOS use a different package manager and command-line interface
from Debian-based Linux distributions: RPM Package Manager (RPM) and the
Yellowdog Updater, Modified (YUM). RPM has a specific .rpm file format
to handle the packaging and installation of libraries and applications. YUM
provides a command-line interface for interacting with the RPM system.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="operating-system-resources">
<h2>Operating System Resources</h2>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/article/choosing-a-linux-distribution">Choosing a Linux Distribution</a></p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://plusbryan.com/my-first-5-minutes-on-a-server-or-essential-security-for-linux-servers">First 5 Minutes on a Server</a></p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.andrewault.net/2010/05/17/securing-an-ubuntu-server/">Securing an Ubuntu Server</a>
<a class="reference external" href="http://joshrendek.com/2013/01/securing-ubuntu/">Securing Ubuntu</a></p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://spenserj.com/blog/2013/07/15/securing-a-linux-server/">Securing a Linux Server</a></p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/marshyski/quick-secure">quick NIX secure script</a> for
securing Linux distributions.</p>
</div>

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