Intent

Deploy static content to a cloud-based storage service that can deliver them directly to the client. This can reduce the need for potentially expensive compute instances.

Explanation

Real world example

A global marketing web site with static content needs to be quickly deployed to start attracting potential customers. To keep the hosting expenses and maintenance minimum, a cloud hosted storage service along with content delivery network is used.

In plain words

Static Content Hosting pattern utilizes cloud native storage service to store the content and global content delivery network to cache it in multiple data centers around the world.

On a static website, individual webpages include static content. They might also contain client-side scripts such as Javascript. By contrast, a dynamic website relies on server-side processing, including server-side scripts such as PHP, JSP, or ASP.NET.

Wikipedia says

A static web page (sometimes called a flat page or a stationary page) is a web page that is delivered to the user's web browser exactly as stored, in contrast to dynamic web pages which are generated by a web application.

Static web pages are suitable for content that never or rarely needs to be updated, though modern web template systems are changing this. Maintaining large numbers of static pages as files can be impractical without automated tools, such as static site generators.

Example

In this example we create a static web site using AWS S3 and utilize AWS Cloudfront to distribute the content globally.

First you will need an AWS account. You can create a free one here: AWS Free Tier
Login to the AWS Console
Go to Identity and Access Management (IAM) service.
Create IAM user that has only the necessary rights for this application.
- Click Users
- Click Add user. Choose User name as you wish and Access type should be Programmatic access. Click Next: Permissions.
- Choose Attach existing policies directly. Select AmazonS3FullAccess and CloudFrontFullAccess. Click Next: Tags.
- No tags are necessarily needed, so just click Next: Review.
- Review the presented information and if all seems good click Create user.
- You are presented with Access key ID and Secret access key which you will need to complete this example, so store them safely.
- Click Close.
Install AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) to gain programmic access to AWS cloud.
Configure AWS CLI with command aws configure as desribed in the instructions
Create AWS S3 bucket for the web site content. Note that the S3 bucket names must be globally unique.
- The syntax is aws s3 mb <bucket name> as described in the instructions
- For example aws s3 mb s3://my-static-website-jh34jsjmg
- Verify that the bucket was successfully created with command aws s3 ls which list the existing buckets
Configure the bucket as a web site with command aws s3 website as described in the instructions.
- E.g. aws s3 website s3://my-static-website-jh34jsjmg --index-document index.html --error-document error.html
Upload content to the bucket.
- First create the content, at least index.html and error.html documents.
- Upload the content to your bucket as described here
- E.g. aws s3 cp index.html s3://my-static-website-jh34jsjmg and aws s3 cp error.html s3://my-static-website-jh34jsjmg

Next we need to set the bucket policy to allow read access.

Create policy.json with the following contents (note that you need to replace the bucket name with your own).

{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "PublicReadGetObject",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Principal": "*",
            "Action": "s3:GetObject",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::my-static-website-jh34jsjmg/*"
        }
    ]
}

Set the bucket policy according to these instructions
E.g. aws s3api put-bucket-policy --bucket my-static-website-jh34jsjmg --policy file://policy.json

Test the web site in your browser.
- The web site URL format is http://<bucket-name>.s3-website-<region-name>.amazonaws.com
- E.g. this web site was created in eu-west-1 region with name my-static-website-jh34jsjmg so it can be accessed via url http://my-static-website-jh34jsjmg.s3-website-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com
Create CloudFormation distribution for the web site.
- The syntax is described in this reference
- E.g. the easiest way is to call aws cloudfront create-distribution --origin-domain-name my-static-website-jh34jsjmg.s3.amazonaws.com --default-root-object index.html
- There's also JSON syntax e.g. --distribution-config file://dist-config.json to pass distribution configuration arguments in file
- The output of the call will show you the exact distribution settings including the generated CloudFront domain name you can use for testing e.g. d2k3xwnaqa8nqx.cloudfront.net
- CloudFormation distribution deployment takes some time, but once it's completed your web site is served from data centers all around the globe!
That's it! You have implemented a static web site with content distribution network serving it lightning fast all around the world.
- To update the web site you need to update the objects in S3 bucket and invalidate the objects in the CloudFront distribution
- To do it from AWS CLI see this reference
- Some further development you might want to do is serve the content over https and add a domain name for your site

Applicability

Use the Static Content Hosting pattern when you want to:

Minimize the hosting cost for websites and applications that contain some static resources.
Build a globally available web site with static content
Monitor the web site traffic, bandwidth usage, costs etc.

Typical Use Case

Web sites with global reach
Content produced by static web site generators
Web sites with no dynamic content requirements

Real world examples

Java Design Patterns web site

Credits

Static Content Hosting pattern