Quick question: any idea why I might be seeing this?

(.:9335): GLib-GObject-WARNING **: cannot register existing type 'VipsObject'

(.:9335): GLib-CRITICAL **: g_once_init_leave: assertion 'result != 0' failed

(.:9335): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_type_register_static: assertion 'parent_type > 0' failed

(.:9335): GLib-CRITICAL **: g_once_init_leave: assertion 'result != 0' failed

The process seems to hang after that, and doesn't respond to any more requests.

You see this error message because you connect the "vips" inside each worker_process what nginx start, Most likely you wright require("vips") inside the worker_process, for example like this:
local vips = require("vips") inside file.lua in content_by_lua_file directive. This error thrown because "vips" trying to register existing (already registered in first location request) type 'VipsObject'. We can translate Error message like "I already have the same, enough for me, please stop,I beg you, stop! dont do this again!" or something like that.

To fix this error you must add init_by_lua_block before server {} directive in your nginx.conf and add there require "vips" command:

# use this directive to init your luarocks, all other require local vips = require "vips" inside all worker_processes will use this preloaded luarocks, i think this is similar singleton objects in OOP to prevent create more than one object in application
init_by_lua_block {
    require "cjson";
    require "vips";
    require "magick";
    -- some other luarocks here
}
# now every new worker_process will use one luarock that was init only one time when nginx start
server {
    listen       80;
    lua_code_cache on;
    server_name  localhost;
    ..... 
    other directives
    .....
}

When you add init_by_lua_block, and add your luarocks list in it, your local vips = require "vips" inside file.lua in content_by_lua_file directive will use "vips" from init_by_lua_block.

Use local vips = require "vips" instead local vips = require("vips")

You can read more about this behavior in documentation: https://github.com/openresty/lua-nginx-module#init_by_lua

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