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+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "<small><small><i>\n",
+    "All the IPython Notebooks in this lecture series by Dr. Milan Parmar are available @ **[GitHub](https://github.com/milaan9/08_Python_Date_Time_Module)**\n",
+    "</i></small></small>"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Python `strftime()`\n",
+    "\n",
+    "In this class, you will learn to convert date, time and datetime objects to its equivalent string (with the help of examples).\n",
+    "\n",
+    "The **`strftime()`** method returns a string representing date and time using **[date (@ Example 3), time (@ Example 7) or datetime (@ Example 9)](https://github.com/milaan9/08_Python_Date_Time_Module/blob/main/001_Python_datetime_Module.ipynb)** object."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Example 1: datetime to string using `strftime()`"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "The program below converts a **`datetime`** object containing current date and time to different string formats."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2021-06-22T12:52:56.152582Z",
+     "start_time": "2021-06-22T12:52:56.137932Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "year: 2021\n",
+      "month: 06\n",
+      "day: 22\n",
+      "time: 18:22:56\n",
+      "date and time: 06/22/2021, 18:22:56\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# Example 1: datetime to string using strftime()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from datetime import datetime\n",
+    "\n",
+    "now = datetime.now() # current date and time\n",
+    "\n",
+    "year = now.strftime(\"%Y\")\n",
+    "print(\"year:\", year)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "month = now.strftime(\"%m\")\n",
+    "print(\"month:\", month)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "day = now.strftime(\"%d\")\n",
+    "print(\"day:\", day)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "time = now.strftime(\"%H:%M:%S\")\n",
+    "print(\"time:\", time)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "date_time = now.strftime(\"%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S\")\n",
+    "print(\"date and time:\",date_time)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# When you run the program, the output will be something like below:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    ">**Note:** Here, **`year`**, **`day`**, **`time`** and **`date_time`** are strings, whereas **`now`** is a **`datetime`** object."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## How `strftime()` works?\n",
+    "\n",
+    "In the above program, **`%Y`**, **`%m`**, **`%d`** etc. are format codes. The **`strftime()`** method takes one or more format codes as an argument and returns a formatted string based on it."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "1. We imported **`datetime`** class from the **`datetime`** module. It's because the object of **`datetime`** class can access **`strftime()`** method.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "<div>\n",
+    "<img src=\"img/idt.png\" width=\"400\"/>\n",
+    "</div>\n",
+    "\n",
+    "2. The **`datetime`** object containing current date and time is stored in **`now`** variable.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "<div>\n",
+    "<img src=\"img/cdt.png\" width=\"400\"/>\n",
+    "</div>\n",
+    "\n",
+    "3. The **`strftime()`** method can be used to create formatted strings.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "<div>\n",
+    "<img src=\"img/strff1.png\" width=\"400\"/>\n",
+    "</div>\n",
+    "\n",
+    "4. The string you pass to the **`strftime()`** method may contain more than one format codes.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "<div>\n",
+    "<img src=\"img/strff2.png\" width=\"400\"/>\n",
+    "</div>"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Example 2: Creating string from a timestamp"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2021-06-22T12:53:02.519227Z",
+     "start_time": "2021-06-22T12:53:02.496769Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Date time object: 2018-06-12 15:25:22\n",
+      "Output 2: 06/12/2018, 15:25:22\n",
+      "Output 3: 12 Jun, 2018\n",
+      "Output 4: 12 June, 2018\n",
+      "Output 5: 03PM\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# Example 2: Creating string from a timestamp\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from datetime import datetime\n",
+    "\n",
+    "timestamp = 1528797322\n",
+    "date_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(\"Date time object:\", date_time)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "d = date_time.strftime(\"%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S\")\n",
+    "print(\"Output 2:\", d)\t\n",
+    "\n",
+    "d = date_time.strftime(\"%d %b, %Y\")\n",
+    "print(\"Output 3:\", d)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "d = date_time.strftime(\"%d %B, %Y\")\n",
+    "print(\"Output 4:\", d)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "d = date_time.strftime(\"%I%p\")\n",
+    "print(\"Output 5:\", d)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# When you run the program, the output will be something like below:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "cell_style": "center"
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "## Format Code List\n",
+    "\n",
+    "The table below shows all the codes that you can pass to the **`strftime()`** method.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "| Directive | Meaning | Example |\n",
+    "|:---- |:---- |:---- |\n",
+    "| **`%a`**  | **Abbreviated weekday name.**   | **Sun, Mon, ...** |  \n",
+    "| **`%A`**  | **Full weekday name.**   | **Sunday, Monday, ...** |  \n",
+    "| **`%w`**  | **Weekday as a decimal number.**   | **0, 1, ..., 6** |  \n",
+    "| **`%d`**  | **Day of the month as a zero-padded decimal.**   | **01, 02, ..., 31** |  \n",
+    "| **`%-d`** | **Day of the month as a decimal number.**   | **1, 2, ..., 30** |  \n",
+    "| **`%b`**  | **Abbreviated month name.**   | **Jan, Feb, ..., Dec** |  \n",
+    "| **`%B`**  | **Full month name.**   | **January, February, ...** |  \n",
+    "| **`%m`**  | **Month as a zero-padded decimal number.**   | **01, 02, ..., 12** |  \n",
+    "| **`%-m`** | **Month as a decimal number.**   | **1, 2, ..., 12** |  \n",
+    "| **`%y`**  | **Year without century as a zero-padded decimal number.**   | **00, 01, ..., 99** |  \n",
+    "| **`%-y`** | **Year without century as a decimal number.**   | **0, 1, ..., 99** |  \n",
+    "| **`%Y`**  | **Year with century as a decimal number.**   | **2013, 2019 etc.** |  \n",
+    "| **`%H`**  | **Hour (24-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number.**   | **00, 01, ..., 23** |  \n",
+    "| **`%-H`** | **Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number.**   | **0, 1, ..., 23** |  \n",
+    "| **`%I`**  | **Hour (12-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number.**   | **01, 02, ..., 12** |  \n",
+    "| **`%-I`** | **Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number.**   | **1, 2, ... 12** |  \n",
+    "| **`%p`**  | **Locale’s AM or PM.**   | **AM, PM** |  \n",
+    "| **`%M`**  | **Minute as a zero-padded decimal number.**   | **00, 01, ..., 59** |  \n",
+    "| **`%-M`** | **Minute as a decimal number.**   | **0, 1, ..., 59** |  \n",
+    "| **`%S`**  | **Second as a zero-padded decimal number.**   | **00, 01, ..., 59** |  \n",
+    "| **`%-S`** | **Second as a decimal number.**   | **0, 1, ..., 59** |  \n",
+    "| **`%f`**  | **Microsecond as a decimal number, zero-padded on the left.**   | **000000 - 999999** |  \n",
+    "| **`%z`**  | **UTC offset in the form +HHMM or -HHMM.**   |  |  \n",
+    "| **`%Z`**  | **Time zone name.**   |  |  \n",
+    "| **`%j`**  | **Day of the year as a zero-padded decimal number.**   | **001, 002, ..., 366** |  \n",
+    "| **`%-j`** | **Day of the year as a decimal number.**   | **1, 2, ..., 366** |  \n",
+    "| **`%U`**  | **Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week). All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.**   | **00, 01, ..., 53** |  \n",
+    "| **`%U`**  | **Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week). All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.**   | **00, 01, ..., 53** |  \n",
+    "| **`%c`**  | **Locale’s appropriate date and time representation.**   | **Mon Sep 30 07:06:05 2013** |  \n",
+    "| **`%x`**  | **Locale’s appropriate date representation.**   | **09/30/13** |  \n",
+    "| **`%X`**  | **Locale’s appropriate time representation.**   | **07:06:05** |  \n",
+    "| **`%%`**  | **A literal '%' character.**   | **%** | "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Example 3: Locale's appropriate date and time"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2021-06-22T12:53:04.486499Z",
+     "start_time": "2021-06-22T12:53:04.472829Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Output 1: Tue Jun 12 15:25:22 2018\n",
+      "Output 2: 06/12/18\n",
+      "Output 3: 15:25:22\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# Example 3: Locale's appropriate date and time\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from datetime import datetime\n",
+    "\n",
+    "timestamp = 1528797322\n",
+    "date_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "d = date_time.strftime(\"%c\")\n",
+    "print(\"Output 1:\", d)\t\n",
+    "\n",
+    "d = date_time.strftime(\"%x\")\n",
+    "print(\"Output 2:\", d)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "d = date_time.strftime(\"%X\")\n",
+    "print(\"Output 3:\", d)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# When you run the program, the output will be something like below:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    ">**Note:** Format codes **`%c`**, **`%x`** and **`%X`** are used for locale's appropriate date and time representation."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "We also recommend you to check **[Python strptime()](https://github.com/milaan9/08_Python_Date_Time_Module/blob/main/003_Python_strptime.ipynb)**. The **`strptime()`** method creates a **`datetime`** object from a string."
+   ]
+  },
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