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multiple_seat_ranking_methods.py
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"""
Multiple seat ranking methods
Implemented methods:
- Single transferable vote
- Preferential block voting
"""
from typing import List
from pyrankvote.helpers import CompareMethodIfEqual, ElectionManager, ElectionResults
from pyrankvote.models import Candidate, Ballot
import math
def preferential_block_voting(
candidates: List[Candidate],
ballots: List[Ballot],
number_of_seats: int,
compare_method_if_equal=CompareMethodIfEqual.MostSecondChoiceVotes,
pick_random_if_blank=False,
) -> ElectionResults:
"""
Preferential block voting (PBV) is a multiple candidate election method, that elected the candidate that can
draw majority support (more than 50%). Minority groups therefore lose their representation.
If only one candidate can be elected, this method is the same as Instant runoff voting.
Voters rank candidates and are granted as many votes as there are people that should be elected. The candidate with
fewest votes are removed and this voters votes are transfered according to the 2nd preference (or 3rd etc.).
The method is the same as *exaustive ballout*, where repetative voting rounds where everyone has just one vote (no ranking) and
where the worst candidate is removed, until there are as many candidates left as positions that should be filled.
This is the prefered method in Robers rules of order. The only between difference between IRV/PBV and exhaustive ballout,
is that in exhaustive ballout voters can adjust votes according to partial results.
For more info see Wikipedia.
"""
rounding_error = 1e-6
manager = ElectionManager(
candidates,
ballots,
number_of_votes_pr_voter=number_of_seats,
compare_method_if_equal=compare_method_if_equal,
pick_random_if_blank=pick_random_if_blank,
)
election_results = ElectionResults()
# Remove worst candidate until same number of candidates left as electable
# While it is more candidates left than electable
while True:
majority_limit = math.ceil(manager.get_number_of_non_exhausted_ballots() / 2.0)
seats_left = number_of_seats - manager.get_number_of_elected_candidates()
candidates_in_race = manager.get_candidates_in_race()
candidates_in_race_votes: List[float] = [
manager.get_number_of_votes(candidate) for candidate in candidates_in_race
]
votes_remaining = sum(candidates_in_race_votes)
last_votes = 0.0
candidates_to_elect = []
candidates_to_reject = []
for i, candidate in enumerate(candidates_in_race):
votes_for_candidate = candidates_in_race_votes[i]
is_last_candidate = i == len(candidates_in_race) - 1
# Elect candidates with a majority
if (votes_for_candidate - rounding_error) >= majority_limit:
candidates_to_elect.append(candidate)
# Reject candidates that even with redistribution can't change the results
elif i >= seats_left and (votes_remaining - rounding_error) <= last_votes:
candidates_to_reject.append(candidate)
elif is_last_candidate:
# Should be caught by if statement above
raise RuntimeError("Illigal state")
last_votes = votes_for_candidate
votes_remaining -= votes_for_candidate
for candidate in candidates_to_elect:
manager.elect_candidate(candidate)
for candidate in candidates_to_reject[::-1]:
manager.reject_candidate(candidate)
# If same number of seats left as there are candidates, elect all candidates
seats_left = number_of_seats - manager.get_number_of_elected_candidates()
if manager.get_number_of_candidates_in_race() <= seats_left:
for candidate in manager.get_candidates_in_race():
candidates_to_elect.append(candidate)
manager.elect_candidate(candidate)
# If no seats left, reject the rest of the candidates
seats_left = number_of_seats - manager.get_number_of_elected_candidates()
if seats_left == 0:
for candidate in manager.get_candidates_in_race()[::-1]:
candidates_to_reject.append(candidate)
manager.reject_candidate(candidate)
# Register round result
election_results.register_round_results(manager.get_results())
# If all seats filled
if manager.get_number_of_candidates_in_race() == 0:
break
else:
# For voters who voted on rejected candidates,
# transfer votes to 2nd choice (or 3rd, 4th etc.)
for candidate in candidates_to_reject:
number_of_votes = manager.get_number_of_votes(candidate)
manager.transfer_votes(candidate, number_of_votes)
# New round
continue
return election_results
def single_transferable_vote(
candidates: List[Candidate],
ballots: List[Ballot],
number_of_seats: int,
compare_method_if_equal=CompareMethodIfEqual.MostSecondChoiceVotes,
pick_random_if_blank=False,
) -> ElectionResults:
"""
Single transferable vote (STV) is a multiple candidate election method, that elected the candidate that can
based on proportional representation. Minority groups therefore get representation.
If only one candidate can be elected, this method is the same as Instant runoff voting.
Voters rank candidates and are granted as one vote each. If a candidate gets more votes than the threshold for being
elected, the candidate is proclaimed as winner. This function uses the Droop quota, where
droop_quota = votes/(seats+1)
If one candidate get more votes than the threshold the excess votes are transfered to voters that voted for this
candidate's 2nd (or 3rd, 4th etc) alternative. If no candidate get over the threshold, the candidate with fewest votes
are removed. Votes for this candidate is then transfered to voters 2nd (or 3rd, 4th etc) alternative.
For more info see Wikipedia.
"""
rounding_error = 1e-6
manager = ElectionManager(
candidates,
ballots,
number_of_votes_pr_voter=1,
compare_method_if_equal=compare_method_if_equal,
pick_random_if_blank=pick_random_if_blank,
)
election_results = ElectionResults()
voters, seats = manager.get_number_of_non_exhausted_ballots(), number_of_seats
votes_needed_to_win: float = voters / float((seats + 1)) # Drop quota
# Remove worst candidate until same number of candidates left as electable
# While it is more candidates left than electable
while True:
seats_left = number_of_seats - manager.get_number_of_elected_candidates()
candidates_in_race = manager.get_candidates_in_race()
candidates_in_race_votes: List[float] = [
manager.get_number_of_votes(candidate) for candidate in candidates_in_race
]
votes_remaining = sum(candidates_in_race_votes)
last_votes = 0.0
candidates_to_elect = []
candidates_to_reject = []
for i, candidate in enumerate(candidates_in_race):
votes_for_candidate = candidates_in_race_votes[i]
is_last_candidate = i == len(candidates_in_race) - 1
# Elect candidates with more votes than Drop quota
if (votes_for_candidate - rounding_error) >= votes_needed_to_win:
candidates_to_elect.append(candidate)
# Reject candidates that even with redistribution can't change the results
elif i >= seats_left and (votes_remaining - rounding_error) <= last_votes:
if len(candidates_to_elect) > 0:
# Don't reject candidates if there are elected candidates that have not yet
# redistributed their votes
break
else:
candidates_to_reject.append(candidate)
elif is_last_candidate:
# Should be caught by if statement above
raise RuntimeError("Illegal state")
last_votes = votes_for_candidate
votes_remaining -= votes_for_candidate
for candidate in candidates_to_elect:
manager.elect_candidate(candidate)
for candidate in candidates_to_reject[::-1]:
manager.reject_candidate(candidate)
# If same number of seats left as there are candidates, elect all candidates
seats_left = number_of_seats - manager.get_number_of_elected_candidates()
if manager.get_number_of_candidates_in_race() <= seats_left:
for candidate in manager.get_candidates_in_race():
candidates_to_elect.append(candidate)
manager.elect_candidate(candidate)
# If no seats left, reject the rest of the candidates
seats_left = number_of_seats - manager.get_number_of_elected_candidates()
if seats_left == 0:
for candidate in manager.get_candidates_in_race()[::-1]:
candidates_to_reject.append(candidate)
manager.reject_candidate(candidate)
# Register round result
election_results.register_round_results(manager.get_results())
# If all seats filled
if manager.get_number_of_candidates_in_race() == 0:
break
else:
# For voters who votes for elected candidates,
# transfer excess votes to 2nd choice (or 3rd, 4th etc.)
for candidate in candidates_to_elect:
votes_for_candidate = manager.get_number_of_votes(candidate)
excess_votes: float = votes_for_candidate - votes_needed_to_win
manager.transfer_votes(candidate, excess_votes)
# For votes who votes on rejected candidates,
# transfer all votes to 2nd choice (or 3rd, 4th etc.)
for candidate in candidates_to_reject:
votes_for_candidate = manager.get_number_of_votes(candidate)
manager.transfer_votes(candidate, votes_for_candidate)
# New round
continue
return election_results