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[ADD] account: From Invoice to Payment Collection
https://docs.google.com/document/d/117Lt4TLQTT8vCEbvcIOWb-CDnTZlgO0VMYuDf4dX1Ig/edit#
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‎accounting/overview/process_overview/customer_invoice.rst

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From Invoice to Payment Collection
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==================================
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Odoo provides you easy flow to process various invoices easily and
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collecting its payment with easy steps.
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Odoo supports multiple invoicing and payment workflows, so you can
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choose and use the ones that match your business needs. Whether you want
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to accept a single payment for a single invoice, or process a payment
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spanning multiple invoices and taking discounts for early payments, you
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can do so efficiently and accurately.
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From Draft Invoice to Profit and Loss
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=====================================
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If we pick up at the end of a typical 'order to cash' scenario, after
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the goods have been shipped, you will: issue an invoice; receive
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payment; deposit that payment at the bank; make sure the Customer
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Invoice is closed; follow up if Customers are late; and finally present
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your Income on the Profit and Loss report and show the decrease in
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Assets on the Balance Sheet report.
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Invoicing in most countries occurs when a contractual obligation is met.
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If you ship a box to a customer, you have met the terms of the contract
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and can bill them. If your supplier sends you a shipment, they have met
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the terms of that contract and can bill you. Therefore, the terms of the
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contract is fulfilled when the box moves to or from the truck. At this
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point, Odoo supports the creation of what is called a Draft Invoice by
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Warehouse staff.
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Invoice creation
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================
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Draft invoices can be manually generated from other documents such as
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Sales Orders, Purchase Orders,etc. Although you can create a draft
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invoice directly if you would like.
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An invoice must be provided to the customer with the necessary
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information in order for them to pay for the goods and services ordered
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and delivered. It must also include other information needed to pay the
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invoice in a timely and precise manner.
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Draft invoices
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==============
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The system generates invoice which are initially set to the Draft state.
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While these invoices
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remain unvalidated, they have no accounting impact within the system.
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There is nothing to stop users from creating their own draft invoices.
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Let's create a customer invoice with following information:
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- Customer: Agrolait
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- Product: iMac
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- Quantity: 1
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- Unit Price: 100
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- Taxes: Tax 15%
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.. image:: ./media/invoice01.png
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:align: center
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.. image:: ./media/invoice02.png
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:align: center
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The document is composed of three parts:
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- the top of the invoice, with customer information,
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- the main body of the invoice, with detailed invoice lines,
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- the bottom of the page, with detail about the taxes, and the totals.
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Open or Pro-forma invoices
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==========================
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An invoice will usually include the quantity and price the of goods
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and/or services, the date, any parties involved, the unique invoice
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number, and any tax information.
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"Validate" the invoice when you are ready to approve it. The invoice
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then moves from the Draft state to the Open state.
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When you have validated an invoice, Odoo gives it a unique number from a
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defined, and modifiable, sequence.
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.. image:: ./media/invoice03.png
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:align: center
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Accounting entries corresponding to this invoice are automatically
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generated when you validate the invoice. You can see the details by
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clicking on the entry in the Journal Entry field in the "Other Info"
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tab.
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.. image:: ./media/invoice04.png
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:align: center
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Send the invoice to customer
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============================
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After validating the customer invoice, you can directly send it to the
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customer via the 'Send by email' functionality.
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.. image:: ./media/invoice05.png
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:align: center
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A typical journal entry generated from a validated invoice will look
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like as follows:
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+-----------------------+---------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+
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| **Account** | **Partner** | **Due date** | **Debit** | **Credit** |
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+=======================+===============+================+=============+==============+
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| Accounts Receivable | Agrolait | 01/07/2015 | 115 | |
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+-----------------------+---------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+
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| Taxes | Agrolait | | | 15 |
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+-----------------------+---------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+
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| Sales | | | | 100 |
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+-----------------------+---------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+
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Payment
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=======
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In Odoo, an invoice is considered to be paid when the associated
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accounting entry has been reconciled with the payment entries. If there
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has not been a reconciliation, the invoice will remain in the Open state
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until you have entered the payment.
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A typical journal entry generated from a payment will look like as
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follows:
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+-----------------------+---------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+
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| **Account** | **Partner** | **Due date** | **Debit** | **Credit** |
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+=======================+===============+================+=============+==============+
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| Bank | Agrolait | | 115 | |
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+-----------------------+---------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+
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| Accounts Receivable | Agrolait | | | 115 |
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+-----------------------+---------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+
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Receive a partial payment through the bank statement
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====================================================
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You can manually enter your bank statements in Odoo, or you can import
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them in from a csv file or from several other predefined formats
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according to your accounting localisation.
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Create a bank statement from the accounting dashboard with the related
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journal and enter an amount of $100 .
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.. image:: ./media/invoice06.png
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:align: center
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Reconcile
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=========
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Now let's reconcile!
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.. image:: ./media/invoice07.png
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:align: center
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You can now go through every transaction and reconcile them or you can mass reconcile with instructions at the bottom.
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After reconciling the items in the sheet, the related invoice will now
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display "You have outstanding payments for this customer. You can
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reconcile them to pay this invoice. "
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.. image:: ./media/invoice08.png
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:align: center
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.. image:: ./media/invoice09.png
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:align: center
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Apply the payment. Below, you can see that the payment has been added to
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the invoice.
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.. image:: ./media/invoice10.png
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:align: center
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Payment Followup
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================
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There's a growing trend of customers paying bills later and later.
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Therefore, collectors must make every effort to collect money and
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collect it faster.
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Odoo will help you define your follow-up strategy. To remind customers
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to pay their outstanding invoices, you can define different actions
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depending on how severely overdue the customer is. These actions are
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bundled into follow-up levels that are triggered when the due date of an
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invoice has passed a certain number of days. If there are other overdue
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invoices for the same customer, the actions of the most overdue invoice
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will be executed.
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By going to the customer record and diving into the "Overdue Payments"
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you will see the follow-up message and all overdue invoices.
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.. image:: ./media/invoice11.png
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:align: center
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.. image:: ./media/invoice12.png
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:align: center
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Customer aging report:
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----------------------
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The customer aging report will be an additional key tool for the
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collector to understand the customer credit issues, and to prioritize
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their work.
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Use the aging report to determine which customers are overdue and begin
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your collection efforts.
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.. image:: ./media/invoice13.png
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:align: center
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Profit and loss
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===============
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The Profit and Loss statement displays your revenue and expense details.
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Ultimately, this gives you a clear image of your Net Profit and Loss. It
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is sometimes referred to as the "Income Statement" or "Statement of
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Revenues and Expenses."
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.. image:: ./media/invoice14.png
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:align: center
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Balance sheet
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=============
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The balance sheet summarizes the your company's liabilities,
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assets and equity at a specific moment in time.
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.. image:: ./media/invoice15.png
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:align: center
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.. image:: ./media/invoice16.png
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:align: center
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For example, if you manage your inventory using the perpetual accounting
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method, you should expect a decrease in account "Current Assets" once
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the material has been shipped to the customer.

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