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| 1 | +=========================== |
| 2 | +Manufacturing Terminologies |
| 3 | +=========================== |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +.. glossary:: |
| 6 | + |
| 7 | + Bill of Materials |
| 8 | + |
| 9 | + A bill of materials (BoM) is a document that describes the materials, |
| 10 | + the quantity of each material, and the steps required to manufacture a |
| 11 | + product. Depending on the industry and the nature of the finished |
| 12 | + product, a different name may be used to describe the same document. For |
| 13 | + example, in the pharmaceutical industry, the term “recipe” may be used. |
| 14 | + |
| 15 | + Cycle |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | + A production cycle is a frame of time during which an entire |
| 18 | + manufacturing process can be fulfilled. |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | + Downtime or Leave |
| 21 | + |
| 22 | + Time during which a resource is unavailable. If the resource is a |
| 23 | + machine, the unavailability is downtime, while if the resource is human, |
| 24 | + unavailable time is called a Leave. |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | + Finished products |
| 27 | + |
| 28 | + Finished products are the final output of a manufacturing process. They |
| 29 | + are normally not intended to be used as input into another manufacturing |
| 30 | + order of the company. |
| 31 | + |
| 32 | + Kit |
| 33 | + |
| 34 | + A kit is a set of components that are described by a bill of materials, |
| 35 | + but which are delivered separately rather than assembled or mixed. |
| 36 | + |
| 37 | + Multi-level Bill of Materials |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | + A bill of material can quickly grow very complex. To keep it manageable, |
| 40 | + it can be broken down into several smaller manufactured parts, each |
| 41 | + having its own BOM. These parts are typically referred to as |
| 42 | + sub-assembly of intermediate products. |
| 43 | + |
| 44 | + Defining a BOM in multiple levels reduces the complexity of the |
| 45 | + top-level document and allows components to be reused in other BoMs. |
| 46 | + |
| 47 | + Phantom Bill of Material |
| 48 | + |
| 49 | + A phantom bill of material is always used in the context of multi-level |
| 50 | + BOMs. It allows to add a sub-assembly as part of a bigger end-product |
| 51 | + while avoiding to trigger a separate manufacturing order for the |
| 52 | + sub-assembly. |
| 53 | + |
| 54 | + As such, when a manufacturing order for the final product is launched, |
| 55 | + the components of the sub-assembly are reflected in the parent BOM as if |
| 56 | + they were direct components of the parent BOM. |
| 57 | + |
| 58 | + Phantom BOM are thus used for grouping a set of components with the aim |
| 59 | + of reusing them in many other BOM without the need to launch separate |
| 60 | + manufacturing orders for the sub-assemblies. |
| 61 | + |
| 62 | + Raw Materials |
| 63 | + |
| 64 | + Raw materials and components constitute the input that are transformed |
| 65 | + to produce semi-finished or finished goods. |
| 66 | + |
| 67 | + The transformation here can take many aspects according to the industry. |
| 68 | + It can be simple assembly, welding, mixing, etc. |
| 69 | + |
| 70 | + Routing |
| 71 | + |
| 72 | + A routing is a document that describes a series of Work Orders and the |
| 73 | + Work Centers at which they will be carried out |
| 74 | + |
| 75 | + Semi-finished products and sub-assemblies |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | + These are products which are manufactured with the purpose to be |
| 78 | + consumed in another manufacturing order. |
| 79 | + |
| 80 | + Work Order Operations |
| 81 | + |
| 82 | + Work Order Operations specify the set of activities necessary to fully |
| 83 | + process a manufacturing order. Each activity or operation takes some |
| 84 | + time to be completed and is performed into a determined production unit |
| 85 | + (also called work center). |
| 86 | + |
| 87 | + Work Order |
| 88 | + |
| 89 | + A work order is a single manufacturing operation that is scheduled for |
| 90 | + execution on a given date and a given duration. |
| 91 | + |
| 92 | + Work Center |
| 93 | + |
| 94 | + Work centers identify production units and their resources. They are |
| 95 | + used to represent the plant capacity as well as costing information. The |
| 96 | + capacity is a combination of resources and their availability time. |
| 97 | + |
| 98 | + Resources |
| 99 | + |
| 100 | + In manufacturing a resource can be a human being (employee) or machine |
| 101 | + available in a work center. |
| 102 | + |
| 103 | + Working Time |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | + Each resource has its normal working time. For instance, machines can be |
| 106 | + set up to operate 7 days a week 20 hours out of 24. |
| 107 | + |
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