.. index::
   single: Events; Create listener
   single: Create subscriber

Events and Event Listeners

During the execution of a Symfony application, lots of event notifications are triggered. Your application can listen to these notifications and respond to them by executing any piece of code.

Symfony triggers several :doc:`events related to the kernel </reference/events>` while processing the HTTP Request. Third-party bundles may also dispatch events, and you can even dispatch :doc:`custom events </components/event_dispatcher>` from your own code.

All the examples shown in this article use the same KernelEvents::EXCEPTION event for consistency purposes. In your own application, you can use any event and even mix several of them in the same subscriber.

Creating an Event Listener

The most common way to listen to an event is to register an event listener:

// src/EventListener/ExceptionListener.php
namespace App\EventListener;

use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Event\GetResponseForExceptionEvent;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpExceptionInterface;

class ExceptionListener
{
    public function onKernelException(GetResponseForExceptionEvent $event)
    {
        // You get the exception object from the received event
        $exception = $event->getException();
        $message = sprintf(
            'My Error says: %s with code: %s',
            $exception->getMessage(),
            $exception->getCode()
        );

        // Customize your response object to display the exception details
        $response = new Response();
        $response->setContent($message);

        // HttpExceptionInterface is a special type of exception that
        // holds status code and header details
        if ($exception instanceof HttpExceptionInterface) {
            $response->setStatusCode($exception->getStatusCode());
            $response->headers->replace($exception->getHeaders());
        } else {
            $response->setStatusCode(Response::HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
        }

        // sends the modified response object to the event
        $event->setResponse($response);
    }
}

Tip

Each event receives a slightly different type of $event object. For the kernel.exception event, it is :class:`Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\Event\\GetResponseForExceptionEvent`. Check out the :doc:`Symfony events reference </reference/events>` to see what type of object each event provides.

Now that the class is created, you just need to register it as a service and notify Symfony that it is a "listener" on the kernel.exception event by using a special "tag":

.. configuration-block::

    .. code-block:: yaml

        # config/services.yaml
        services:
            App\EventListener\ExceptionListener:
                tags:
                    - { name: kernel.event_listener, event: kernel.exception }

    .. code-block:: xml

        <!-- config/services.xml -->
        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
        <container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
                http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd">

            <services>
                <service id="App\EventListener\ExceptionListener">
                    <tag name="kernel.event_listener" event="kernel.exception" />
                </service>
            </services>
        </container>

    .. code-block:: php

        // config/services.php
        use App\EventListener\ExceptionListener;

        $container
            ->autowire(ExceptionListener::class)
            ->addTag('kernel.event_listener', array('event' => 'kernel.exception'))
        ;

Symfony follows this logic to decide which method to execute inside the event listener class:

If the kernel.event_listener tag defines the method attribute, that's the name of the method to be executed;
If no method attribute is defined, try to execute the method whose name is on + "camel-cased event name" (e.g. onKernelException() method for the kernel.exception event);
If that method is not defined either, try to execute the __invoke() magic method (which makes event listeners invokable);
If the _invoke() method is not defined either, throw an exception.

.. versionadded:: 4.1
    The support of the ``__invoke()`` method to create invokable event listeners
    was introduced in Symfony 4.1.

Note

There is an optional attribute for the kernel.event_listener tag called priority, which defaults to 0 and it controls the order in which listeners are executed (the highest the priority, the earlier a listener is executed). This is useful when you need to guarantee that one listener is executed before another. The priorities of the internal Symfony listeners usually range from -255 to 255 but your own listeners can use any positive or negative integer.

Creating an Event Subscriber

Another way to listen to events is via an event subscriber, which is a class that defines one or more methods that listen to one or various events. The main difference with the event listeners is that subscribers always know which events they are listening to.

In a given subscriber, different methods can listen to the same event. The order in which methods are executed is defined by the priority parameter of each method (the higher the priority the earlier the method is called). To learn more about event subscribers, read :doc:`/components/event_dispatcher`.

The following example shows an event subscriber that defines several methods which listen to the same kernel.exception event:

// src/EventSubscriber/ExceptionSubscriber.php
namespace App\EventSubscriber;

use Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventSubscriberInterface;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Event\GetResponseForExceptionEvent;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\KernelEvents;

class ExceptionSubscriber implements EventSubscriberInterface
{
    public static function getSubscribedEvents()
    {
        // return the subscribed events, their methods and priorities
        return array(
           KernelEvents::EXCEPTION => array(
               array('processException', 10),
               array('logException', 0),
               array('notifyException', -10),
           )
        );
    }

    public function processException(GetResponseForExceptionEvent $event)
    {
        // ...
    }

    public function logException(GetResponseForExceptionEvent $event)
    {
        // ...
    }

    public function notifyException(GetResponseForExceptionEvent $event)
    {
        // ...
    }
}

That's it! Your services.yaml file should already be setup to load services from the EventSubscriber directory. Symfony takes care of the rest.

Tip

If your methods are not called when an exception is thrown, double-check that you're :ref:`loading services <service-container-services-load-example>` from the EventSubscriber directory and have :ref:`autoconfigure <services-autoconfigure>` enabled. You can also manually add the kernel.event_subscriber tag.

Request Events, Checking Types

A single page can make several requests (one master request, and then multiple sub-requests - typically by :doc:`/templating/embedding_controllers`). For the core Symfony events, you might need to check to see if the event is for a "master" request or a "sub request":

// src/EventListener/RequestListener.php
namespace App\EventListener;

use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Event\GetResponseEvent;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernelInterface;

class RequestListener
{
    public function onKernelRequest(GetResponseEvent $event)
    {
        if (!$event->isMasterRequest()) {
            // don't do anything if it's not the master request
            return;
        }

        // ...
    }
}

Certain things, like checking information on the real request, may not need to be done on the sub-request listeners.

Listeners or Subscribers

Listeners and subscribers can be used in the same application indistinctly. The decision to use either of them is usually a matter of personal taste. However, there are some minor advantages for each of them:

Subscribers are easier to reuse because the knowledge of the events is kept in the class rather than in the service definition. This is the reason why Symfony uses subscribers internally;
Listeners are more flexible because bundles can enable or disable each of them conditionally depending on some configuration value.

Debugging Event Listeners

You can find out what listeners are registered in the event dispatcher using the console. To show all events and their listeners, run:

$ php bin/console debug:event-dispatcher

You can get registered listeners for a particular event by specifying its name:

$ php bin/console debug:event-dispatcher kernel.exception

Learn more

.. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 1

    event_dispatcher/before_after_filters
    event_dispatcher/method_behavior