diff --git a/.changeset/khaki-hornets-care.md b/.changeset/khaki-hornets-care.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed1157126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/khaki-hornets-care.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@shopify/theme-check-node': patch
+---
+
+[Bug fix] Fix file URI handling for Windows platforms
diff --git a/packages/theme-check-node/src/index.spec.ts b/packages/theme-check-node/src/index.spec.ts
index 5092259c7..04883b333 100644
--- a/packages/theme-check-node/src/index.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/theme-check-node/src/index.spec.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { afterEach, assert, beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
-import { Config, SourceCodeType, getTheme } from './index';
+import { Config, SourceCodeType, getTheme, getThemeFilesPathPattern } from './index';
 import { Workspace, makeTempWorkspace } from './test/test-helpers';
+import { pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
 
 describe('Unit: getTheme', () => {
   let workspace: Workspace;
@@ -37,3 +38,14 @@ describe('Unit: getTheme', () => {
     expect(jsonFile.uri).to.equal(workspace.uri('locales/en.default.json').replace(/\\/g, '/'));
   });
 });
+
+describe('Unit: getThemeFilesPathPattern', () => {
+  // This is mostly just to catch edge cases in Windows paths. We want
+  // to ensure that paths do not start with a leading slash on Windows.
+  it('should correctly format the glob pattern', () => {
+    const rootUri = pathToFileURL(__dirname);
+    const normalizedGlob = getThemeFilesPathPattern(rootUri.toString());
+
+    expect(normalizedGlob).to.equal(__dirname.replace(/\\/g, '/') + '/**/*.{liquid,json}');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/theme-check-node/src/index.ts b/packages/theme-check-node/src/index.ts
index c3877a982..0614095f2 100644
--- a/packages/theme-check-node/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/theme-check-node/src/index.ts
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import glob = require('glob');
 import { autofix } from './autofix';
 import { findConfigPath, loadConfig as resolveConfig } from './config';
 import { NodeFileSystem } from './NodeFileSystem';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
 
 const asyncGlob = promisify(glob);
 
@@ -153,13 +154,18 @@ export async function getTheme(config: Config): Promise<Theme> {
   // as mentioned in the documentation of node-glob
 
   // the path is normalised and '\' are replaced with '/' and then passed to the glob function
-  const normalizedGlob = path
-    .normalize(path.join(config.rootUri.replace(/^file:/, ''), '**/*.{liquid,json}'))
-    .replace(/\\/g, '/');
-  const paths = await asyncGlob(normalizedGlob).then((result) =>
+  let normalizedGlob = getThemeFilesPathPattern(config.rootUri);
+
+  const paths = await asyncGlob(normalizedGlob, { absolute: true }).then((result) =>
     // Global ignored paths should not be part of the theme
     result.filter((filePath) => !isIgnored(filePath, config)),
   );
   const sourceCodes = await Promise.all(paths.map(toSourceCode));
   return sourceCodes.filter((x): x is LiquidSourceCode | JSONSourceCode => x !== undefined);
 }
+
+export function getThemeFilesPathPattern(rootUri: string) {
+  return path
+    .normalize(path.join(fileURLToPath(rootUri), '**/*.{liquid,json}'))
+    .replace(/\\/g, '/');
+}