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codecs.rs
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714 lines (675 loc) · 25.9 KB
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use crate::{
builtins::{PyBaseExceptionRef, PyBytesRef, PyStr, PyStrRef, PyTuple, PyTupleRef},
common::{ascii, lock::PyRwLock},
function::IntoPyObject,
IdProtocol, PyContext, PyObject, PyObjectRef, PyResult, PyValue, TryFromObject, TypeProtocol,
VirtualMachine,
};
use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::ops::Range;
pub struct CodecsRegistry {
inner: PyRwLock<RegistryInner>,
}
struct RegistryInner {
search_path: Vec<PyObjectRef>,
search_cache: HashMap<String, PyCodec>,
errors: HashMap<String, PyObjectRef>,
}
pub const DEFAULT_ENCODING: &str = "utf-8";
#[derive(Clone)]
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct PyCodec(PyTupleRef);
impl PyCodec {
#[inline]
pub fn from_tuple(tuple: PyTupleRef) -> Result<Self, PyTupleRef> {
if tuple.len() == 4 {
Ok(PyCodec(tuple))
} else {
Err(tuple)
}
}
#[inline]
pub fn into_tuple(self) -> PyTupleRef {
self.0
}
#[inline]
pub fn as_tuple(&self) -> &PyTupleRef {
&self.0
}
#[inline]
pub fn get_encode_func(&self) -> &PyObject {
&self.0.as_slice()[0]
}
#[inline]
pub fn get_decode_func(&self) -> &PyObject {
&self.0.as_slice()[1]
}
pub fn is_text_codec(&self, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<bool> {
let is_text = vm.get_attribute_opt(self.0.clone().into(), "_is_text_encoding")?;
is_text.map_or(Ok(true), |is_text| is_text.try_to_bool(vm))
}
pub fn encode(
&self,
obj: PyObjectRef,
errors: Option<PyStrRef>,
vm: &VirtualMachine,
) -> PyResult {
let args = match errors {
Some(errors) => vec![obj, errors.into()],
None => vec![obj],
};
let res = vm.invoke(self.get_encode_func(), args)?;
let res = res
.downcast::<PyTuple>()
.ok()
.filter(|tuple| tuple.len() == 2)
.ok_or_else(|| {
vm.new_type_error("encoder must return a tuple (object, integer)".to_owned())
})?;
// we don't actually care about the integer
Ok(res.as_slice()[0].clone())
}
pub fn decode(
&self,
obj: PyObjectRef,
errors: Option<PyStrRef>,
vm: &VirtualMachine,
) -> PyResult {
let args = match errors {
Some(errors) => vec![obj, errors.into()],
None => vec![obj],
};
let res = vm.invoke(self.get_decode_func(), args)?;
let res = res
.downcast::<PyTuple>()
.ok()
.filter(|tuple| tuple.len() == 2)
.ok_or_else(|| {
vm.new_type_error("decoder must return a tuple (object,integer)".to_owned())
})?;
// we don't actually care about the integer
Ok(res.as_slice()[0].clone())
}
pub fn get_incremental_encoder(
&self,
errors: Option<PyStrRef>,
vm: &VirtualMachine,
) -> PyResult {
let args = match errors {
Some(e) => vec![e.into()],
None => vec![],
};
vm.call_method(self.0.as_object(), "incrementalencoder", args)
}
pub fn get_incremental_decoder(
&self,
errors: Option<PyStrRef>,
vm: &VirtualMachine,
) -> PyResult {
let args = match errors {
Some(e) => vec![e.into()],
None => vec![],
};
vm.call_method(self.0.as_object(), "incrementaldecoder", args)
}
}
impl TryFromObject for PyCodec {
fn try_from_object(vm: &VirtualMachine, obj: PyObjectRef) -> PyResult<Self> {
obj.downcast::<PyTuple>()
.ok()
.and_then(|tuple| PyCodec::from_tuple(tuple).ok())
.ok_or_else(|| {
vm.new_type_error("codec search functions must return 4-tuples".to_owned())
})
}
}
impl IntoPyObject for PyCodec {
#[inline]
fn into_pyobject(self, _vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyObjectRef {
self.0.into()
}
}
impl CodecsRegistry {
pub(crate) fn new(ctx: &PyContext) -> Self {
let errors = [
("strict", ctx.new_function("strict_errors", strict_errors)),
("ignore", ctx.new_function("ignore_errors", ignore_errors)),
(
"replace",
ctx.new_function("replace_errors", replace_errors),
),
(
"xmlcharrefreplace",
ctx.new_function("xmlcharrefreplace_errors", xmlcharrefreplace_errors),
),
(
"backslashreplace",
ctx.new_function("backslashreplace_errors", backslashreplace_errors),
),
(
"namereplace",
ctx.new_function("namereplace_errors", namereplace_errors),
),
(
"surrogatepass",
ctx.new_function("surrogatepass_errors", surrogatepass_errors),
),
(
"surrogateescape",
ctx.new_function("surrogateescape_errors", surrogateescape_errors),
),
];
let errors = errors
.into_iter()
.map(|(name, f)| (name.to_owned(), f.into()))
.collect();
let inner = RegistryInner {
search_path: Vec::new(),
search_cache: HashMap::new(),
errors,
};
CodecsRegistry {
inner: PyRwLock::new(inner),
}
}
pub fn register(&self, search_function: PyObjectRef, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<()> {
if !vm.is_callable(&search_function) {
return Err(vm.new_type_error("argument must be callable".to_owned()));
}
self.inner.write().search_path.push(search_function);
Ok(())
}
pub fn unregister(&self, search_function: PyObjectRef) -> PyResult<()> {
let mut inner = self.inner.write();
// Do nothing if search_path is not created yet or was cleared.
if inner.search_path.is_empty() {
return Ok(());
}
for (i, item) in inner.search_path.iter().enumerate() {
if item.get_id() == search_function.get_id() {
if !inner.search_cache.is_empty() {
inner.search_cache.clear();
}
inner.search_path.remove(i);
return Ok(());
}
}
Ok(())
}
pub fn lookup(&self, encoding: &str, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<PyCodec> {
let encoding = normalize_encoding_name(encoding);
let inner = self.inner.read();
if let Some(codec) = inner.search_cache.get(encoding.as_ref()) {
return Ok(codec.clone());
}
let search_path = inner.search_path.clone();
drop(inner); // don't want to deadlock
let encoding = PyStr::from(encoding.into_owned()).into_ref(vm);
for func in search_path {
let res = vm.invoke(&func, (encoding.clone(),))?;
let res: Option<PyCodec> = res.try_into_value(vm)?;
if let Some(codec) = res {
let mut inner = self.inner.write();
// someone might have raced us to this, so use theirs
let codec = inner
.search_cache
.entry(encoding.as_str().to_owned())
.or_insert(codec);
return Ok(codec.clone());
}
}
Err(vm.new_lookup_error(format!("unknown encoding: {}", encoding)))
}
fn _lookup_text_encoding(
&self,
encoding: &str,
generic_func: &str,
vm: &VirtualMachine,
) -> PyResult<PyCodec> {
let codec = self.lookup(encoding, vm)?;
if codec.is_text_codec(vm)? {
Ok(codec)
} else {
Err(vm.new_lookup_error(format!(
"'{}' is not a text encoding; use {} to handle arbitrary codecs",
encoding, generic_func
)))
}
}
pub fn forget(&self, encoding: &str) -> Option<PyCodec> {
let encoding = normalize_encoding_name(encoding);
self.inner.write().search_cache.remove(encoding.as_ref())
}
pub fn encode(
&self,
obj: PyObjectRef,
encoding: &str,
errors: Option<PyStrRef>,
vm: &VirtualMachine,
) -> PyResult {
let codec = self.lookup(encoding, vm)?;
codec.encode(obj, errors, vm)
}
pub fn decode(
&self,
obj: PyObjectRef,
encoding: &str,
errors: Option<PyStrRef>,
vm: &VirtualMachine,
) -> PyResult {
let codec = self.lookup(encoding, vm)?;
codec.decode(obj, errors, vm)
}
pub fn encode_text(
&self,
obj: PyStrRef,
encoding: &str,
errors: Option<PyStrRef>,
vm: &VirtualMachine,
) -> PyResult<PyBytesRef> {
let codec = self._lookup_text_encoding(encoding, "codecs.encode()", vm)?;
codec
.encode(obj.into(), errors, vm)?
.downcast()
.map_err(|obj| {
vm.new_type_error(format!(
"'{}' encoder returned '{}' instead of 'bytes'; use codecs.encode() to \
encode arbitrary types",
encoding,
obj.class().name(),
))
})
}
pub fn decode_text(
&self,
obj: PyObjectRef,
encoding: &str,
errors: Option<PyStrRef>,
vm: &VirtualMachine,
) -> PyResult<PyStrRef> {
let codec = self._lookup_text_encoding(encoding, "codecs.decode()", vm)?;
codec.decode(obj, errors, vm)?.downcast().map_err(|obj| {
vm.new_type_error(format!(
"'{}' decoder returned '{}' instead of 'str'; use codecs.decode() \
to encode arbitrary types",
encoding,
obj.class().name(),
))
})
}
pub fn register_error(&self, name: String, handler: PyObjectRef) -> Option<PyObjectRef> {
self.inner.write().errors.insert(name, handler)
}
pub fn lookup_error_opt(&self, name: &str) -> Option<PyObjectRef> {
self.inner.read().errors.get(name).cloned()
}
pub fn lookup_error(&self, name: &str, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<PyObjectRef> {
self.lookup_error_opt(name)
.ok_or_else(|| vm.new_lookup_error(format!("unknown error handler name '{}'", name)))
}
}
fn normalize_encoding_name(encoding: &str) -> Cow<'_, str> {
if let Some(i) = encoding.find(|c: char| c == ' ' || c.is_ascii_uppercase()) {
let mut out = encoding.as_bytes().to_owned();
for byte in &mut out[i..] {
if *byte == b' ' {
*byte = b'-';
} else {
byte.make_ascii_lowercase();
}
}
String::from_utf8(out).unwrap().into()
} else {
encoding.into()
}
}
// TODO: exceptions with custom payloads
fn extract_unicode_error_range(err: &PyObject, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<Range<usize>> {
let start = err.to_owned().get_attr("start", vm)?;
let start = start.try_into_value(vm)?;
let end = err.to_owned().get_attr("end", vm)?;
let end = end.try_into_value(vm)?;
Ok(Range { start, end })
}
#[inline]
fn is_decode_err(err: &PyObject, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> bool {
err.isinstance(&vm.ctx.exceptions.unicode_decode_error)
}
#[inline]
fn is_encode_ish_err(err: &PyObject, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> bool {
err.isinstance(&vm.ctx.exceptions.unicode_encode_error)
|| err.isinstance(&vm.ctx.exceptions.unicode_translate_error)
}
fn bad_err_type(err: PyObjectRef, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyBaseExceptionRef {
vm.new_type_error(format!(
"don't know how to handle {} in error callback",
err.class().name()
))
}
fn strict_errors(err: PyObjectRef, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult {
let err = err
.downcast()
.unwrap_or_else(|_| vm.new_type_error("codec must pass exception instance".to_owned()));
Err(err)
}
fn ignore_errors(err: PyObjectRef, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<(PyObjectRef, usize)> {
if is_encode_ish_err(&err, vm) || is_decode_err(&err, vm) {
let range = extract_unicode_error_range(&err, vm)?;
Ok((vm.ctx.new_str(ascii!("")).into(), range.end))
} else {
Err(bad_err_type(err, vm))
}
}
fn replace_errors(err: PyObjectRef, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<(String, usize)> {
// char::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER as a str
let replacement_char = "\u{FFFD}";
let replace = if err.isinstance(&vm.ctx.exceptions.unicode_encode_error) {
"?"
} else if err.isinstance(&vm.ctx.exceptions.unicode_decode_error) {
let range = extract_unicode_error_range(&err, vm)?;
return Ok((replacement_char.to_owned(), range.end));
} else if err.isinstance(&vm.ctx.exceptions.unicode_translate_error) {
replacement_char
} else {
return Err(bad_err_type(err, vm));
};
let range = extract_unicode_error_range(&err, vm)?;
let replace = replace.repeat(range.end - range.start);
Ok((replace, range.end))
}
fn xmlcharrefreplace_errors(err: PyObjectRef, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<(String, usize)> {
if !is_encode_ish_err(&err, vm) {
return Err(bad_err_type(err, vm));
}
let range = extract_unicode_error_range(&err, vm)?;
let s = PyStrRef::try_from_object(vm, err.get_attr("object", vm)?)?;
let s_after_start = crate::common::str::try_get_chars(s.as_str(), range.start..).unwrap_or("");
let num_chars = range.len();
// capacity rough guess; assuming that the codepoints are 3 digits in decimal + the &#;
let mut out = String::with_capacity(num_chars * 6);
for c in s_after_start.chars().take(num_chars) {
use std::fmt::Write;
write!(out, "&#{};", c as u32).unwrap()
}
Ok((out, range.end))
}
fn backslashreplace_errors(err: PyObjectRef, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<(String, usize)> {
if is_decode_err(&err, vm) {
let range = extract_unicode_error_range(&err, vm)?;
let b = PyBytesRef::try_from_object(vm, err.get_attr("object", vm)?)?;
let mut replace = String::with_capacity(4 * range.len());
for &c in &b[range.clone()] {
use std::fmt::Write;
write!(replace, "\\x{:02x}", c).unwrap();
}
return Ok((replace, range.end));
} else if !is_encode_ish_err(&err, vm) {
return Err(bad_err_type(err, vm));
}
let range = extract_unicode_error_range(&err, vm)?;
let s = PyStrRef::try_from_object(vm, err.get_attr("object", vm)?)?;
let s_after_start = crate::common::str::try_get_chars(s.as_str(), range.start..).unwrap_or("");
let num_chars = range.len();
// minimum 4 output bytes per char: \xNN
let mut out = String::with_capacity(num_chars * 4);
for c in s_after_start.chars().take(num_chars) {
use std::fmt::Write;
let c = c as u32;
if c >= 0x10000 {
write!(out, "\\U{:08x}", c).unwrap();
} else if c >= 0x100 {
write!(out, "\\u{:04x}", c).unwrap();
} else {
write!(out, "\\x{:02x}", c).unwrap();
}
}
Ok((out, range.end))
}
fn namereplace_errors(err: PyObjectRef, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<(String, usize)> {
if err.isinstance(&vm.ctx.exceptions.unicode_encode_error) {
let range = extract_unicode_error_range(&err, vm)?;
let s = PyStrRef::try_from_object(vm, err.get_attr("object", vm)?)?;
let s_after_start =
crate::common::str::try_get_chars(s.as_str(), range.start..).unwrap_or("");
let num_chars = range.len();
let mut out = String::with_capacity(num_chars * 4);
for c in s_after_start.chars().take(num_chars) {
use std::fmt::Write;
let c_u32 = c as u32;
if let Some(c_name) = unicode_names2::name(c) {
write!(out, "\\N{{{c_name}}}").unwrap();
} else if c_u32 >= 0x10000 {
write!(out, "\\U{c_u32:08x}").unwrap();
} else if c_u32 >= 0x100 {
write!(out, "\\u{c_u32:04x}").unwrap();
} else {
write!(out, "\\x{c_u32:02x}").unwrap();
}
}
Ok((out, range.end))
} else {
Err(bad_err_type(err, vm))
}
}
#[derive(Eq, PartialEq)]
enum StandardEncoding {
Utf8,
Utf16Be,
Utf16Le,
Utf32Be,
Utf32Le,
Unknown,
}
fn get_standard_encoding(encoding: &str) -> (usize, StandardEncoding) {
if let Some(encoding) = encoding.to_lowercase().strip_prefix("utf") {
let mut byte_length: usize = 0;
let mut standard_encoding = StandardEncoding::Unknown;
let encoding = encoding
.strip_prefix(|c| ['-', '_'].contains(&c))
.unwrap_or(encoding);
if encoding == "8" {
byte_length = 3;
standard_encoding = StandardEncoding::Utf8;
} else if let Some(encoding) = encoding.strip_prefix("16") {
byte_length = 2;
if encoding.is_empty() {
if cfg!(target_endian = "little") {
standard_encoding = StandardEncoding::Utf16Le;
} else if cfg!(target_endian = "big") {
standard_encoding = StandardEncoding::Utf16Be;
}
if standard_encoding != StandardEncoding::Unknown {
return (byte_length, standard_encoding);
}
}
let encoding = encoding
.strip_prefix(|c| ['-', '_'].contains(&c))
.unwrap_or(encoding);
standard_encoding = match encoding {
"be" => StandardEncoding::Utf16Be,
"le" => StandardEncoding::Utf16Le,
_ => StandardEncoding::Unknown,
}
} else if let Some(encoding) = encoding.strip_prefix("32") {
byte_length = 4;
if encoding.is_empty() {
if cfg!(target_endian = "little") {
standard_encoding = StandardEncoding::Utf32Le;
} else if cfg!(target_endian = "big") {
standard_encoding = StandardEncoding::Utf32Be;
}
if standard_encoding != StandardEncoding::Unknown {
return (byte_length, standard_encoding);
}
}
let encoding = encoding
.strip_prefix(|c| ['-', '_'].contains(&c))
.unwrap_or(encoding);
standard_encoding = match encoding {
"be" => StandardEncoding::Utf32Be,
"le" => StandardEncoding::Utf32Le,
_ => StandardEncoding::Unknown,
}
}
return (byte_length, standard_encoding);
} else if encoding == "CP_UTF8" {
return (3, StandardEncoding::Utf8);
}
(0, StandardEncoding::Unknown)
}
fn surrogatepass_errors(err: PyObjectRef, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<(String, usize)> {
if err.isinstance(&vm.ctx.exceptions.unicode_encode_error) {
let range = extract_unicode_error_range(&err, vm)?;
let s = PyStrRef::try_from_object(vm, err.clone().get_attr("object", vm)?)?;
let s_encoding = PyStrRef::try_from_object(vm, err.clone().get_attr("encoding", vm)?)?;
let (_, standard_encoding) = get_standard_encoding(s_encoding.as_str());
if let StandardEncoding::Unknown = standard_encoding {
// Not supported, fail with original exception
return Err(err.downcast().unwrap());
}
let s_after_start =
crate::common::str::try_get_chars(s.as_str(), range.start..).unwrap_or("");
let num_chars = range.len();
let mut out = String::with_capacity(num_chars * 4);
for c in s_after_start.chars().take(num_chars).map(|x| x as u32) {
use std::fmt::Write;
if !(0xd800..=0xdfff).contains(&c) {
// Not a surrogate, fail with original exception
return Err(err.downcast().unwrap());
}
match standard_encoding {
StandardEncoding::Utf8 => {
write!(out, "\\x{:x?}", (0xe0 | (c >> 12))).unwrap();
write!(out, "\\x{:x?}", (0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3f))).unwrap();
write!(out, "\\x{:x?}", (0x80 | (c & 0x3f))).unwrap();
}
StandardEncoding::Utf16Le => {
write!(out, "\\x{:x?}", c).unwrap();
write!(out, "\\x{:x?}", (c >> 8)).unwrap();
}
StandardEncoding::Utf16Be => {
write!(out, "\\x{:x?}", (c >> 8)).unwrap();
write!(out, "\\x{:x?}", c).unwrap();
}
StandardEncoding::Utf32Le => {
write!(out, "\\x{:x?}", c).unwrap();
write!(out, "\\x{:x?}", (c >> 8)).unwrap();
write!(out, "\\x{:x?}", (c >> 16)).unwrap();
write!(out, "\\x{:x?}", (c >> 24)).unwrap();
}
StandardEncoding::Utf32Be => {
write!(out, "\\x{:x?}", (c >> 24)).unwrap();
write!(out, "\\x{:x?}", (c >> 16)).unwrap();
write!(out, "\\x{:x?}", (c >> 8)).unwrap();
write!(out, "\\x{:x?}", c).unwrap();
}
StandardEncoding::Unknown => {
unreachable!("NOTE: RUSTPYTHON, should've bailed out earlier")
}
}
}
Ok((out, range.end))
} else if is_decode_err(&err, vm) {
let range = extract_unicode_error_range(&err, vm)?;
let s = PyStrRef::try_from_object(vm, err.clone().get_attr("object", vm)?)?;
let s_encoding = PyStrRef::try_from_object(vm, err.clone().get_attr("encoding", vm)?)?;
let (byte_length, standard_encoding) = get_standard_encoding(s_encoding.as_str());
if let StandardEncoding::Unknown = standard_encoding {
// Not supported, fail with original exception
return Err(err.downcast().unwrap());
}
let mut c: u32 = 0;
// Try decoding a single surrogate character. If there are more,
// let the codec call us again.
let s_after_start = crate::common::str::try_get_chars(s.as_str(), range.start..)
.unwrap_or("")
.as_bytes();
if s_after_start.len() - range.start >= byte_length {
match standard_encoding {
StandardEncoding::Utf8 => {
if (s_after_start[0] as u32 & 0xf0) == 0xe0
&& (s_after_start[1] as u32 & 0xc0) == 0x80
&& (s_after_start[2] as u32 & 0xc0) == 0x80
{
// it's a three-byte code
c = ((s_after_start[0] as u32 & 0x0f) << 12)
+ ((s_after_start[1] as u32 & 0x3f) << 6)
+ (s_after_start[2] as u32 & 0x3f);
}
}
StandardEncoding::Utf16Le => {
c = (s_after_start[1] as u32) << 8 | s_after_start[0] as u32;
}
StandardEncoding::Utf16Be => {
c = (s_after_start[0] as u32) << 8 | s_after_start[1] as u32;
}
StandardEncoding::Utf32Le => {
c = ((s_after_start[3] as u32) << 24)
| ((s_after_start[2] as u32) << 16)
| ((s_after_start[1] as u32) << 8)
| s_after_start[0] as u32;
}
StandardEncoding::Utf32Be => {
c = ((s_after_start[0] as u32) << 24)
| ((s_after_start[1] as u32) << 16)
| ((s_after_start[2] as u32) << 8)
| s_after_start[3] as u32;
}
StandardEncoding::Unknown => {
unreachable!("NOTE: RUSTPYTHON, should've bailed out earlier")
}
}
}
if !(0xd800..=0xdfff).contains(&c) {
// Not a surrogate, fail with original exception
return Err(err.downcast().unwrap());
}
Ok((format!("\\x{:x?}", c), range.start + byte_length))
} else {
Err(bad_err_type(err, vm))
}
}
fn surrogateescape_errors(err: PyObjectRef, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<(String, usize)> {
if err.isinstance(&vm.ctx.exceptions.unicode_encode_error) {
let range = extract_unicode_error_range(&err, vm)?;
let s = PyStrRef::try_from_object(vm, err.clone().get_attr("object", vm)?)?;
let s_after_start =
crate::common::str::try_get_chars(s.as_str(), range.start..).unwrap_or("");
let num_chars = range.len();
let mut out = String::with_capacity(num_chars * 4);
for c in s_after_start.chars().take(num_chars).map(|x| x as u32) {
use std::fmt::Write;
if !(0xd800..=0xdfff).contains(&c) {
// Not a UTF-8b surrogate, fail with original exception
return Err(err.downcast().unwrap());
}
write!(out, "#{}", c - 0xdc00).unwrap();
}
Ok((out, range.end))
} else if is_decode_err(&err, vm) {
let range = extract_unicode_error_range(&err, vm)?;
let s = PyStrRef::try_from_object(vm, err.clone().get_attr("object", vm)?)?;
let s_after_start = crate::common::str::try_get_chars(s.as_str(), range.start..)
.unwrap_or("")
.as_bytes();
let mut consumed = 0;
let mut replace = String::with_capacity(4 * range.len());
while consumed < 4 && consumed < range.len() {
let c = s_after_start[consumed] as u32;
if c < 128 {
// Refuse to escape ASCII bytes
break;
}
use std::fmt::Write;
write!(replace, "#{}", 0xdc00 + c).unwrap();
consumed += 1;
}
if consumed == 0 {
return Err(err.downcast().unwrap());
}
Ok((replace, range.start + consumed))
} else {
Err(bad_err_type(err, vm))
}
}