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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<title>Chapter 9: OOP in Python</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
background: #111827;
color: #f1f5f9;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
header {
background: #1f2937;
text-align: center;
padding: 30px 20px;
border-bottom: 2px solid #374151;
}
h1, h2, h3 {
color: #60a5fa;
}
.section {
padding: 20px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #374151;
}
.code-block {
background: #1e293b;
border-left: 4px solid #3b82f6;
padding: 10px;
margin: 10px 0;
font-family: monospace;
border-radius: 5px;
}
.output-block {
background: #064e3b;
border-left: 4px solid #10b981;
padding: 10px;
margin: 10px 0;
font-family: monospace;
border-radius: 5px;
}
p, li {
line-height: 1.6;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>Chapter 9: Object-Oriented Programming in Python</h1>
<p>Class, Object, __init__, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation, Abstraction, super(), Method Overriding & Operator Overloading – Sab kuch step-by-step in Hinglish!</p>
</header>
<div class="section">
<h2>1. Class & Object</h2>
<p><b>Class:</b> Ek blueprint ya template hoti hai. Jaise Car ka design.</p>
<p><b>Object:</b> Real cheez jo class ke base par banai jaati hai. Jaise "BMW" aur "Audi" car objects ho sakti hain.</p>
<div class="code-block">
class Car:<br>
def __init__(self, brand):<br>
self.brand = brand<br><br>
car1 = Car("BMW")<br>
print(car1.brand)
</div>
<div class="output-block">
BMW
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>2. __init__ Method</h2>
<p>Yeh ek special constructor method hota hai jo object banate waqt automatically call hota hai. Initialization ke liye use hota hai.</p>
<div class="code-block">
class Student:<br>
def __init__(self, name, age):<br>
self.name = name<br>
self.age = age<br><br>
s1 = Student("Ravi", 20)<br>
print(s1.name, s1.age)
</div>
<div class="output-block">Ravi 20</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>3. Instance vs Class Variables</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Instance Variable:</b> Har object ke liye alag value.</li>
<li><b>Class Variable:</b> Sab objects ke liye common hoti hai.</li>
</ul>
<div class="code-block">
class Dog:<br>
species = "Canine" # Class Variable<br>
def __init__(self, name):<br>
self.name = name # Instance Variable<br><br>
d1 = Dog("Bruno")<br>
print(d1.name, d1.species)
</div>
<div class="output-block">Bruno Canine</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>4. Inheritance</h2>
<p>Ek class doosri class ke properties aur methods le sakti hai.</p>
<div class="code-block">
class Animal:<br>
def speak(self):<br>
print("Animal speaking")<br><br>
class Dog(Animal):<br>
def bark(self):<br>
print("Dog barking")<br><br>
d = Dog()<br>
d.speak()<br>
d.bark()
</div>
<div class="output-block">
Animal speaking<br>
Dog barking
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>5. Polymorphism</h2>
<p>Same method name, lekin different behavior.</p>
<div class="code-block">
class Bird:<br>
def fly(self):<br>
print("Bird flying")<br><br>
class Airplane:<br>
def fly(self):<br>
print("Airplane flying")<br><br>
def flight_test(thing):<br>
thing.fly()<br><br>
flight_test(Bird())<br>
flight_test(Airplane())
</div>
<div class="output-block">
Bird flying<br>
Airplane flying
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
81B7
<h2>6. Encapsulation</h2>
<p>Data ko protect karna by restricting access using <code>_</code> (protected) or <code>__</code> (private).</p>
<div class="code-block">
class Account:<br>
def __init__(self):<br>
self.__balance = 0<br><br>
def deposit(self, amount):<br>
self.__balance += amount<br><br>
def get_balance(self):<br>
return self.__balance<br><br>
acc = Account()<br>
acc.deposit(500)<br>
print(acc.get_balance())
</div>
<div class="output-block">500</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>7. Abstraction</h2>
<p>Important details ko dikhana aur complex logic ko hide karna.</p>
<div class="code-block">
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod<br><br>
class Vehicle(ABC):<br>
@abstractmethod<br>
def start(self):<br>
pass<br><br>
class Bike(Vehicle):<br>
def start(self):<br>
print("Bike started")<br><br>
b = Bike()<br>
b.start()
</div>
<div class="output-block">Bike started</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>8. super() and Method Overriding</h2>
<p>Child class parent method ko override kar sakti hai. <code>super()</code> se parent ka method bhi call kar sakte hain.</p>
<div class="code-block">
class Parent:<br>
def show(self):<br>
print("Parent show")<br><br>
class Child(Parent):<br>
def show(self):<br>
super().show()<br>
print("Child show")<br><br>
c = Child()<br>
c.show()
</div>
<div class="output-block">
Parent show<br>
Child show
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2>9. Operator Overloading</h2>
<p>Operators (+, *, etc.) ko custom objects ke liye define karna.</p>
<div class="code-block">
class Book:<br>
def __init__(self, pages):<br>
self.pages = pages<br><br>
def __add__(self, other):<br>
return self.pages + other.pages<br><br>
b1 = Book(100)<br>
b2 = Book(150)<br>
print(b1 + b2)
</div>
<div class="output-block">250</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>