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title Installation guidance for SQL Server on Linux
description Install, update, and uninstall SQL Server on Linux. This article covers online, offline, and unattended scenarios.
author rwestMSFT
ms.author randolphwest
ms.date 05/30/2023
ms.service sql
ms.subservice linux
ms.topic conceptual
ms.custom intro-installation

Installation guidance for SQL Server on Linux

[!INCLUDE SQL Server - Linux]

This article provides guidance for installing, updating, and uninstalling [!INCLUDE sssql17-md], [!INCLUDE sssql19-md], and [!INCLUDE sssql22-md] on Linux.

For other deployment scenarios, see:

This guide covers several deployment scenarios. If you are only looking for step-by-step installation instructions, jump to one of the quickstarts:

For answers to frequently asked questions, see the SQL Server on Linux FAQ.

Supported platforms

[!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] is supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES), and Ubuntu. It is also supported as a container image, which can run on Kubernetes, OpenShift, and Docker Engine on Linux.

::: moniker range="= sql-server-linux-2017 || = sql-server-2017"

[!INCLUDE linux-supported-platforms-2017]

::: moniker-end

::: moniker range="= sql-server-linux-ver15 || = sql-server-ver15"

[!INCLUDE linux-supported-platforms-2019]

::: moniker-end

::: moniker range=">= sql-server-linux-ver16 || >= sql-server-ver16"

[!INCLUDE linux-supported-platforms-2022]

::: moniker-end

Microsoft also supports deploying and managing [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] containers by using OpenShift and Kubernetes.

Note

[!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] is tested and supported on Linux for the previously listed distributions. If you choose to install [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] on an unsupported operating system, please review the Support policy section of the Technical support policy for Microsoft SQL Server to understand the support implications.

System requirements

[!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] has the following system requirements for Linux:

Requirement
Memory 2 GB
File System XFS or EXT4 (other file systems, such as BTRFS, aren't supported)
Disk space 6 GB
Processor speed 2 GHz
Processor cores 2 cores
Processor type x64-compatible only

If you use Network File System (NFS) remote shares in production, note the following support requirements:

  • Use NFS version 4.2 or higher. Older versions of NFS don't support required features, such as fallocate and sparse file creation, common to modern file systems.
  • Locate only the /var/opt/mssql directories on the NFS mount. Other files, such as the [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] system binaries, aren't supported.

Configure source repositories

When you install or upgrade [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md], you get the latest version of [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] from your configured Microsoft repository. The quickstarts use the Cumulative Update CU repository for [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md]. For more information on repositories and how to configure them, see Configure repositories for SQL Server on Linux.

Install SQL Server

You can install [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] on Linux from the command line. For step-by-step instructions, see one of the following quickstarts:

Platform Installation quickstarts
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 2017 | 2019 | 2022
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) 2017 | 2019 | 2022
Ubuntu 2017 | 2019 | 2022
Docker 2017 | 2019 | 2022

You can also run [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] on Linux in an Azure virtual machine. For more information, see Provision a SQL VM in Azure.

After installing, consider making additional configuration changes for optimal performance. For more information, see Performance best practices and configuration guidelines for SQL Server on Linux.

Update or upgrade SQL Server

To update the mssql-server package to the latest release, use one of the following commands based on your platform:

Platform Package update command(s)
RHEL sudo yum update mssql-server
SLES sudo zypper update mssql-server
Ubuntu sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mssql-server

These commands download the newest package and replace the binaries located under /opt/mssql/. The user generated databases and system databases aren't affected by this operation.

To upgrade [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md], first change your configured repository to the desired version of [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md]. Then use the same update command to upgrade your version of [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md]. This is only possible if the upgrade path is supported between the two repositories.

Roll back SQL Server

[!INCLUDE roll-back-sql-server]

Check installed SQL Server version

To verify your current version and edition of [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] on Linux, use the following procedure:

  1. If not already installed, install the SQL Server command-line tools.

  2. Use sqlcmd to run a Transact-SQL command that displays your [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] version and edition.

    sqlcmd -S localhost -U SA -Q 'select @@VERSION'

Uninstall SQL Server

To remove the mssql-server package on Linux, use one of the following commands based on your platform:

Platform Package removal command(s)
RHEL sudo yum remove mssql-server
SLES sudo zypper remove mssql-server
Ubuntu sudo apt-get remove mssql-server

Removing the package doesn't delete the generated database files. If you want to delete the database files, use the following command:

sudo rm -rf /var/opt/mssql/

Unattended install

You can perform an unattended installation in the following way:

The following example configures [!INCLUDE ssdeveloper-md] edition with the MSSQL_PID environment variable. It also accepts the EULA (ACCEPT_EULA) and sets the SA user password (MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD). The -n parameter performs an unprompted installation where the configuration values are pulled from the environment variables.

sudo MSSQL_PID=Developer ACCEPT_EULA=Y MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD='<YourStrong!Passw0rd>' /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf -n setup

You can also create a script that performs other actions. For example, you could install other [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] packages.

For a more detailed sample script, see the following examples:

Offline install

If your Linux machine doesn't have access to the online repositories used in the quick starts, you can download the package files directly. These packages are located in the Microsoft repository, https://packages.microsoft.com.

Tip

If you successfully installed with the steps in the quick starts, you do not need to download or manually install the [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] package(s). This section is only for the offline scenario.

  1. Download the database engine package for your platform. Find package download links in the package details section of the Release Notes.

  2. Move the downloaded package to your Linux machine. If you used a different machine to download the packages, one way to move the packages to your Linux machine is with the scp command.

  3. Install the database engine package. Use one of the following commands based on your platform. Replace the package file name in this example with the exact name you downloaded.

    Platform Package install command
    RHEL sudo yum localinstall mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
    SLES sudo zypper install mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
    Ubuntu sudo dpkg -i mssql-server_versionnumber_amd64.deb

    [!NOTE]
    You can also install the RPM packages (RHEL and SLES) with the rpm -ivh command, but the commands in the previous table automatically install dependencies if available from approved repositories.

  4. Resolve missing dependencies: You might have missing dependencies at this point. If not, you can skip this step. On Ubuntu, if you have access to approved repositories containing those dependencies, the easiest solution is to use the apt-get -f install command. This command also completes the installation of [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md]. To manually inspect dependencies, use the following commands:

    Platform List dependencies command
    RHEL rpm -qpR mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
    SLES rpm -qpR mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
    Ubuntu dpkg -I mssql-server_versionnumber_amd64.deb

    After you resolve the missing dependencies, you can try installing the mssql-server package again.

  5. Complete the SQL Server setup. Use mssql-conf to complete the [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] setup:

    sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup

Licensing and pricing

[!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] is licensed the same for Linux and Windows. For more information about [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] licensing and pricing, see How to license SQL Server.

Optional SQL Server features

After installation, you can also install or enable optional [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] features.

[!INCLUDEGet Help Options]

Next steps
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