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Add lectures on GUI development.
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‎course_contents/19_gui_development_tkinter/lectures/01_how_to_get_tkinter/README.md

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# Getting Tkinter
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Tkinter should be installed already. Try to run this in IDLE:
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```
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import tkinter
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tkinter._test()
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```
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If that fails, read on...
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## Installing Tkinter on Windows
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Tkinter comes with Python on Windows, if you selected the appropriate option in the official Windows installer.
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If you have IDLE on Windows, you have Tkinter.
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If not, run th 2364 e installer again making sure that Tcl/Tk is enabled in the installation.
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Instructions: https://stackoverflow.com/a/50027385/1587271
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## Installing Tkinter on Mac
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I recommend installing Python via the official installer, which comes with Tkinter.
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## Installing Tkinter on Ubuntu
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Enable your virtual environment, and then run:
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```
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sudo apt-get install python3-tk
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```

‎course_contents/19_gui_development_tkinter/lectures/03_tkinter_hello_world/app.py

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import tkinter as tk
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from tkinter import ttk
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def greet():
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print("Hello, World!")
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root = tk.Tk()
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root.title("Hello")
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greet_button = ttk.Button(root, text="Greet", command=greet)
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greet_button.pack(side="left", fill="x", expand=True)
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quit_button = ttk.Button(root, text="Quit", command=root.destroy)
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quit_button.pack(side="left", fill="x", expand=True) # could use side="right"
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root.mainloop()

‎course_contents/19_gui_development_tkinter/lectures/04_greetings/app.py

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import tkinter as tk
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from tkinter import ttk
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def greet():
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# The get() method is used to fetch the value of a StringVar() instance.
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# If user_name is empty, print Hello, World!
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print(f"Hello, {user_name.get() or 'World'}!")
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root = tk.Tk()
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root.title("Greeter")
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# Here we create an instances of the StringVar() class, which is to track the content of widgets
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user_name = tk.StringVar()
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name_label = ttk.Label(root, text="Name: ")
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name_label.pack(side="left", padx=(0, 10))
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name_entry = ttk.Entry(root, width=15, textvariable=user_name)
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name_entry.pack(side="left")
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name_entry.focus()
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greet_button = ttk.Button(root, text="Greet", command=greet)
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greet_button.pack(side="left", fill="x", expand=True)
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root.mainloop()

‎course_contents/19_gui_development_tkinter/lectures/05_packing_components/code.py

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import tkinter as tk
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# -- Aligning with `side` ---
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root = tk.Tk()
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tk.Label(root, text="Label 1", bg="green").pack(side="left")
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tk.Label(root, text="Label 2", bg="red").pack(side="top")
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root.mainloop()
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# -- Filling in one direction --
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root = tk.Tk()
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tk.Label(root, text="Label 1", bg="green").pack(side="left", fill="y")
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tk.Label(root, text="Label 2", bg="red").pack(side="top", fill="x")
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root.mainloop()
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# -- Filling in both directions --
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root = tk.Tk()
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tk.Label(root, text="Label 1", bg="green").pack(side="left", fill="both")
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tk.Label(root, text="Label 2", bg="red").pack(side="top", fill="both")
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root.mainloop()
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# -- Even if either label doesn't fill --
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root = tk.Tk()
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tk.Label(root, text="Label 1", bg="green").pack(side="left")
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tk.Label(root, text="Label 2", bg="red").pack(side="top", fill="both")
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root.mainloop()
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root = tk.Tk()
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tk.Label(root, text="Label 1", bg="green").pack(side="left", fill="both")
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tk.Label(root, text="Label 2", bg="red").pack(side="top")
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root.mainloop()
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# -- expand can make it grow as much as possible. It won't hide other widgets, but other widgets will be compressed --
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root = tk.Tk()
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tk.Label(root, text="Label 1", bg="green").pack(side="left", expand=True, fill="both")
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tk.Label(root, text="Label 2", bg="red").pack(side="top")
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root.mainloop()
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# -- expanding two widgets means they share the available space evenly --
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root = tk.Tk()
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tk.Label(root, text="Label 2", bg="red").pack(side="top", expand=True, fill="both")
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tk.Label(root, text="Label 2", bg="red").pack(side="top", expand=True, fill="both")
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root.mainloop()
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# -- whichever side comes first gets expansion priority --
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root = tk.Tk()
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tk.Label(root, text="Label left", bg="green").pack(
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side="left", expand=True, fill="both"
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)
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tk.Label(root, text="Label top", bg="red").pack(side="top", expand=True, fill="both")
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tk.Label(root, text="Label top", bg="red").pack(side="top", expand=True, fill="both")
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root.mainloop()
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root = tk.Tk()
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tk.Label(root, text="Label top", bg="red").pack(side="top", expand=True, fill="both")
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tk.Label(root, text="Label top", bg="red").pack(side="top", expand=True, fill="both")
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tk.Label(root, text="Label left", bg="green").pack(
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side="left", expand=True, fill="both"
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)
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root.mainloop()
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# As you can see, even though we specificied `side="left"`, the last label was still underneath.
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# We can't just use packing on the root to take care of all our layout needs.
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# Hence, Tkinter has `Frame`, which is a container for other widgets.

‎course_contents/19_gui_development_tkinter/lectures/10_saving_files/app.py

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import tkinter as tk
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from tkinter import ttk, filedialog
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def create_file():
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text_area = tk.Text(notebook)
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text_area.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
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notebook.add(text_area, text="Untitled")
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notebook.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
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notebook.select(text_area)
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def save_file():
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file_path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename()
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try:
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filename = file_path.split("/")[-1]
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current = root.nametowidget(notebook.select())
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content = current.get("1.0", "end-1c")
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with open(file_path, "w") as file:
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file.write(content)
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except (AttributeError, FileNotFoundError):
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print("Save operation cancelled")
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return
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notebook.tab("current", text=filename)
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root = tk.Tk()
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root.title("Teclado Text Editor")
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root.option_add("*tearOff", False)
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main = ttk.Frame(root)
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main.pack(fill="both", expand=True, padx=(1), pady=(4, 0))
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menubar = tk.Menu(root)
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root.config(menu=menubar)
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file_menu = tk.Menu(menubar)
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menubar.add_cascade(menu=file_menu, label="File")
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file_menu.add_command(label="New", command=create_file)
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file_menu.add_command(label="Save", command=save_file)
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notebook = ttk.Notebook(main)
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create_file()
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root.mainloop()

‎course_contents/19_gui_development_tkinter/lectures/11_opening_files/app.py

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import tkinter as tk
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from tkinter import ttk, filedialog
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def create_file():
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text_area = tk.Text(notebook)
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text_area.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
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notebook.add(text_area, text="Untitled")
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notebook.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
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notebook.select(text_area)
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def open_file():
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file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename()
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try:
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filename = file_path.split("/")[-1]
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with open(file_path, "r") as file:
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content = file.read()
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except (AttributeError, FileNotFoundError):
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print("Open operation cancelled")
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return
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text_area = tk.Text(notebook)
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text_area.insert("end", content)
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text_area.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
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notebook.add(text_area, text=filename)
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notebook.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
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notebook.select(text_area)
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def save_file():
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file_path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename()
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try:
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filename = file_path.split("/")[-1]
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current = root.nametowidget(notebook.select())
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57AE content = current.get("1.0", "end-1c")
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with open(file_path, "w") as file:
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file.write(content)
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except (AttributeError, FileNotFoundError):
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print("Save operation cancelled")
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return
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notebook.tab("current", text=filename)
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root = tk.Tk()
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root.title("Teclado Text Editor")
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root.option_add("*tearOff", False)
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main = ttk.Frame(root)
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main.pack(fill="both", expand=True, padx=(1), pady=(4, 0))
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menubar = tk.Menu(root)
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root.config(menu=menubar)
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file_menu = tk.Menu(menubar)
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menubar.add_cascade(menu=file_menu, label="File")
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file_menu.add_command(label="New", command=create_file)
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file_menu.add_command(label="Open...", command=open_file)
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file_menu.add_command(label="Save", command=save_file)
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notebook = ttk.Notebook(main)
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create_file()
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root.mainloop()

‎course_contents/19_gui_development_tkinter/lectures/12_binding_shortcuts/app.py

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import tkinter as tk
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from tkinter import ttk, filedialog
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def create_file():
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text_area = tk.Text(notebook)
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text_area.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
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notebook.add(text_area, text="Untitled")
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notebook.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
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notebook.select(text_area)
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def open_file():
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file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename()
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try:
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filename = file_path.split("/")[-1]
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with open(file_path, "r") as file:
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content = file.read()
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except (AttributeError, FileNotFoundError):
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print("Open operation cancelled")
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return
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text_area = tk.Text(notebook)
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text_area.insert("end", content)
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text_area.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
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notebook.add(text_area, text=filename)
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notebook.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
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notebook.select(text_area)
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def save_file():
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file_path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename()
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try:
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filename = file_path.split("/")[-1]
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current = root.nametowidget(notebook.select())
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content = current.get("1.0", "end-1c")
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with open(file_path, "w") as file:
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file.write(content)
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except (AttributeError, FileNotFoundError):
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print("Save operation cancelled")
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return
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notebook.tab("current", text=filename)
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root = tk.Tk()
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root.title("Teclado Text Editor")
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root.option_add("*tearOff", False)
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main = ttk.Frame(root)
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main.pack(fill="both", expand=True, padx=(1), pady=(4, 0))
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menubar = tk.Menu(root)
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root.config(menu=menubar)
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file_menu = tk.Menu(menubar)
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menubar.add_cascade(menu=file_menu, label="File")
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file_menu.add_command(label="New", command=create_file, accelerator="Ctrl+N")
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file_menu.add_command(label="Open...", command=open_file, accelerator="Ctrl+O")
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file_menu.add_command(label="Save", command=save_file, accelerator="Ctrl+S")
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notebook = ttk.Notebook(main)
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create_file()
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root.bind("<Control-n>", lambda event: create_file())
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root.bind("<Control-o>", lambda event: open_file())
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root.bind("<Control-s>", lambda event: save_file())
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root.mainloop()

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