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德

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 徳 and 惪
德 U+5FB7, 德
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FB7
← 徶
[U+5FB6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 徸 →
[U+5FB8]

Translingual

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Stroke order
15 strokes

Han character

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德 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹人十田心 (HOJWP), four-corner 24236, composition ⿰彳𢛳)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 371, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10243
  • Dae Jaweon: page 698, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 841, character 17
  • Unihan data for U+5FB7

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 德
2nd round simp. ⿱一心
alternative forms
徳
惪
悳
㥁
恴
徳
惪
悳
㥁
恴
㥀
㤫
𢛳
𢜖
𢠀
𢤊
𨗌
𨗤
 

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (直) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
置 *tɯɡs
值 *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ
植 *dɯɡs, *djɯɡ
埴 *tʰjɯɡs, *djɯɡ
惪 *tɯːɡ
德 *tɯːɡ
稙 *tɯɡ
淔 *tʰɯɡ
直 *dɯɡ
犆 *dɯɡ
殖 *djɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːɡ) : semantic 彳 (“road”) + phonetic 惪 (OC *tɯːɡ, “virtue”). 惪 is corrupted into 𢛳.

Etymology

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“virtue; morality; favour”
An allofam is probably 直 (OC *dɯɡ, “straight; right”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also seen as phonetically related to 得 (OC *tɯːɡ, “to obtain”) (Han Feizi[1]; Liu, 1988; Chen & Xu, 1989; Xu & Li 2000; apud Theobald, 2018[2])
“Germany”
Shortening of 德意志 (Déyìzhì), derived from German Deutsch.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 德
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 多則切
Baxter tok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tək̚/
Li
Rong 		/tək̚/
Wang
Li 		/tək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		de
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 德
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁək/
English virtue

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 德
Reading # 1/1
No. 17266
Phonetic
component 		直
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		德
Old
Chinese 		/*tɯːɡ/

Definitions

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德

  1. virtue; morality; ethics
  2. favor; benevolence; kindness
  3. mind; faith; character
    一心一德  ―  yīxīnyīdé  ―  of one heart and one mind
  4. Short for 德意志 (Déyìzhì, “Germany”).
    德語／德语  ―  déyǔ  ―  German language
    德美關係／德美关系  ―  dé měi guānxì  ―  Germany-United States relations
    德蘇條約／德苏条约  ―  dé sū tiáoyuē  ―  Nazi–Soviet Pact

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

徳

Kyūjitai

德

Kanji

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德

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 徳)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 徳.

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): とく (toku)
  • Kun: おしえ (oshie)

Korean

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Hanja

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德 (eumhun 덕 덕 (deok deok))

  1. hanja form? of 덕 (“benevolence; virtue”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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德: Hán Nôm readings: đức

Noun

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德

  1. chữ Hán form of đức (“virtue; righteousness”).

Proper noun

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德

  1. chữ Hán form of Đức (“Germany”).
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