Víctor Manuel Pérez Valera
T   eoría
    del derecho
    2
VÍCTOR MANUEL PÉREZ VALERA, S. J.
                            Profesor emérito de la Uni-
                            versidad       Iberoamericana.
                            Realizó        estudios        de
                            Literatura clásica, licen-
                            ciatura en Filosofía, doc-
                            torado en Antropología
                            religiosa (Judaísmo moder-
                            no) en la Universidad
                            Gregoriana de Roma, y licen-
ciatura y maestría en Derecho por la Universidad
Iberoamericana Ciudad de México.
      Fue Director del Departamento de Ciencias
Religiosas de la Universidad Iberoamericana y
Director General Académico de la Universidad
Iberoamericana (Plantel Tijuana), miembro funda-
dor de la Asociación Internacional de Tanatología,
Presidente del Consejo Mexicano de Intercambio
Cultural Alemán-Latinoamericano (ICALA), y de
la Katholischer Akademischer Ausländer-Dienst
(KAAD), miembro de la Barra Mexicana, Colegio de
Abogados, Comité de Ética, miembro del Sistema
Nacional de Investigadores, profesor de Teoría del
derecho, Deontología jurídica, Filosofía del derecho
y del Seminario de Excelencia en el Departamento
de Derecho de la Universidad Iberoamericana
Ciudad de México.
      Entre sus publicaciones se encuentran: Deon-
tología jurídica, ética en el ser y quehacer del abogado, El
hombre y su muerte, Eutanasia, ¿piedad? ¿delito?, Dios y la
renovación del hombre (Antropología religiosa de Abraham J.
Heschel) y Ser más humano, reflexiones sobre ética y derecho.
Ha publicado diversos artículos en Alemania, Italia,
España, Estados Unidos e Israel, así como en la revis-
ta Jurídica, Anuario del Departamento de Derecho de
la Universidad Iberoamericana, y artículos ético-jurí-
dicos en el periódico El Financiero. Ha sido invitado
a impartir cursos en la Escuela de Derecho de la
Escuela Superior de Administración y Dirección de
Empresas (ESADE) de Barcelona, España, y confe-
rencias en el Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas
de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
(UNAM), la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis
Potosí, la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez,
la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de
Hidalgo, entre otras. Igualmente ha participado
como conferencista en varios foros internacionales
sobre tanatología, bioética, judaísmo y deontología
jurídica.
7HRUtDGHO
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1
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TEORÍA DEL DERECHO
Textos Jurídicos Universitarios
Primera edición: Junio de 2009
Primera reimpresión: marzo de 2016
ISBN 978-607-426-039-7
Autor: Víctor Manuel Pérez Valera
Dirección editorial, diseño y producción: Mario Andrés Aliaga Valenzuela
Gerente editorial del área de derecho: Lilia Guadalupe Aguilar Iriarte
Gerente de producción: Paula Sosa Jiménez
Edición: José Luis García Herrera
Supervisión de producción: Ana Mireya Laguna Plata
Portada: Brenda Reyes Coix
Composición y formación: Silvia Plata Garibo y David Espinoza Martínez
Ninguna parte de esta publicación puede ser reproducida en ningún
sistema electrónico o por cualquier medio, sin la autorización previa
por escrito de Oxford University Press México, S.A. de C.V. El editor no se
responsabiliza de los contenidos de las páginas web enlazadas
o referenciadas en esta publicación.
Se terminó de imprimir en
Impresora y Editora Xalco, S.A. de C.V.
www.grupocorme.com
Tel. (55) 5784-6177
Se usaron tipos Arial (7.5 pts.), Minion Pro (11 pts.) y Museo (12 y 20 pts.),
sobre papel Bond Editor Alta Opacidad de 75 g
Impreso en México
                  Índice de contenido
Prólogo                                                       xiii
Presentación                                                   xv
  i. La teoría general del derecho                               1
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  ii. Teoría del derecho y método:
     un esbozo del método empírico generalizado                21
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VI   Teoría del derecho
       iii. La persona humana y la teoría del derecho                      49
     
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       iv. Las escuelas del derecho i                                      79
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                                                       Índice de contenido    VII
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     nuevos enfoques del derecho natural                              121
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  vi. Fuentes del derecho                                             141
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         vii. Hacia una definición del derecho                         169
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         viii. La moral y el derecho                                   209
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                                                            Índice de contenido   IX
  ix. La objeción de conciencia                                            229
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  x. La desobediencia civil                                                251
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      xi. Los fines del derecho                                       285
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                                                              Índice de contenido   XI
  xii. La justicia social en la enseñanza social de la Iglesia               319
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  xiii. El derecho como sistema de normas                                    343
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XII   Teoría del derecho
        xiv. La hermenéutica jurídica                                  365
      
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      Bibliografía                                                     391
      Índice onomástico                                                401
      Índice analítico                                                 409
                                 Prólogo
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         Teoría del derecho y método: un esbozo del método empírico generalizado              39
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40   Teoría del derecho
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  Teoría del derecho y método: un esbozo del método empírico generalizado             41
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                                                    La persona humana y la teoría del derecho                53
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                                            La persona humana y la teoría del derecho         69
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70   Teoría del derecho
     El sujeto existencial
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                                                        La persona humana y la teoría del derecho                    71
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                                                        La persona humana y la teoría del derecho   73
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                   Las escuelas del derecho ii: nuevos enfoques del derecho natural         129
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382   Teoría del derecho
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                                                                        La hermenéutica jurídica   383
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384   Teoría del derecho
                La interpretación en el derecho contemporáneo
      
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                                                                   La hermenéutica jurídica        385
                               Tipos de interpretación
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386   Teoría del derecho
          -1$")4D ./*.(7/**.)*. *+*) )D.$)*,0 +0  )$)/ -- '$*)-. F
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      $)/ -+- /$<) '*.# #*.*/*.%0-8$*.G0),0 . (*.0)/)/*- + /$/$1*.
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      YZ -$ -$#-'1*)1$")4D$$%# #  %&D/GD/-G .$4*' 4DG<)"*-4
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                                                      La hermenéutica jurídica      387
 )/ )$<)'.0% /*,0 - '$5'$)/ -+- /$<)D7./. .0 ' $1$$-
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388   Teoría del derecho
               0 -**) '*% /* '$)/ -+- /$<)%0-8$. $./$)"0 7./. I
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                       Objetivo de la interpretación jurídica
      K07 .'*,0  '$)/7-+- / /-/ $)1 ./$"-JDK,07+- / ) *).0'*-$)/ -+- I
      //$1J)/*-)*'- .+0 ./ ./.+- "0)/. 3$./ )*./ *-8.F'.0% /$14'
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      7./0$-'*./-%*.+- +-/*-$*.D')6'$.$. '$.0.$<)+-'( )/-$4'
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       )41?#(" Mf_M_]]                       .!)$"(C-#$M_`]M_`_M_`aQ_`cM_`eM_a]Q_a_M
      ($-3("(# #Mf]                                  _aaM_acQ_ad
      (4# # -.Y2ZM_b^M_cc                     "+:2(" M_`a
       .!$#($-"( $-".-"($-"( #$+.2M_cc     #$1$"'. + M_`a
      (5(+(9 "(C-2.+(# 1( M```                $->7(".M_afQ_b]
      + 2$2- 341 +$2Mdd                       %4$-3$2#$+ M_`eQ_`f
      . ""(C-M^]_                              ,.#$1- M_`e
       /.#$1#$M^f_                           .!)$3.1$2#$M_`dQ_`eM_a^Q_a`
      :#!)                                     3$-#$-"(  "34 +#$+.2M_ad
       &',4M^b]                            5 +.1$2#$+ M_`e
       #0#&M`ab                             .-"(+(.21$&(.- +$2Md`
       *)&:(Mf`QfaM^]_M^abM`abM    .-#("(C-
                `b_M`c]                        #$ /+(" "(C-#$+ -.1, M`ae
       (&&#-.,#.),&M^c]         '4, - M^]e
       "/&!#M^ea                              /1(-"(/(.2#$+ M^]e
      .$1"(!(+(# #M_]aM_fe                  .-#4"3  -3(2."( +M_a]
       #$+ ,.1 +M__a                       .-&1$2.#$+ -(C-M^b]
       #$+#$1$"'.M__a                       .-."(,($-3.Ma^M^^b
      .'$1$-"( M`aaQ`ab                       ".,./ 13$!:2(" #$+/1."$2.+$& +M_c
       /1(-"(/(.2#$M`aa                      '4, -.M_cM`]
      )'')(&1Mf_                            3$.1? #$+M`]
      .,/$3$-"( M`b`                         .-2$-2.M_b_
       "+ 2(" "(C-M`b`
                                                                                        Índice analítico           411
.-23(34"(C-Y$2ZM bfM c^M ^_eM ^b]M ^b`M ^bdM    2$1M#(".3.,? $-31$2$18Mee
          `_eM`aaM`acM`b_Q`b`M`c_                   2."( +M_b`
.-31.5$12( ".-23(34"(.- +M^b_                       $"(2(C-Ma]M^`^
.-5$-(.M^bc                                          &,#:(
.2 )49& # M_f`M`]a                                  &)-,")-
 %.1, +M_fd                                            &	)',3&#/()M`c_
 , 3$1( +M_fd                                          	/'()-Mc]
.234,!1$Y2ZM^a_                                       (#0,-&&)-,")-
 $+$,$-3.#$+                                          &	)',Mc`
  , 3$1( +M^ab                                        	/'()-McaM`b_
  /2(".+C&(".M^ab                                   $%$-2 #$+.2#$1$"'.2'4, -.2M`a^
 )41?#(" M^aaQ^abM^adQ^af                           $+(!$1 "(C-M^`^
  "+ 2(" "(C-M^ab                                 $+(3./1$3$1(-3$-"(.- +M_^d
 2."( +$2M^acM^ae                                   $,."1 "( M^_aM__d
1(23( -# #M1>&(,$-#$M_^^                           $1$"'.Y2ZM^MeM_dMacQadMafQb]MddMebMf^M
1(23( -(2,.M/1(-"(/(.22."( +$2#$+M`^f                        fcM ^^_M ^^eM ^__M ^_fM ^abM  ^d]Q^daM
1(3$1(.Y2Z                                                       ^ddM^dfQ^e^M^eaM^eeQ_]_M_]cM_^dM
 ".-("3.2$-31$M`ac                                           _`eM_baM`]`M`b^
 "1.-.+C&(".M`abQ`ac                                  + .!)$"(C-#$".-"($-"( M_`a
 #$+ $2/$"( +(# #M`abQ`ac                           #)$3(5.M_]_([
 %.1, +M^acQ^ad                                       #04(1(#.2M_f`M`]`
 &$-$1 +$2 #$ +  (-3$1/1$3 "(C- )41?#(" M         +'.-.18 + /1(5 "(# #Md^
          `eeQ`f]                                       -31./.+.&? #$+Mb]Qb^
 &1 , 3(" +M`ef                                       2/$"3.'(23C1(".#$+M^d]
 '(23C1(".M`ef                                        43>-3(".M^d]
 )$1:104(".M`abQ`ac                                   " -C-(".M^af
 +C&(".M`ef                                           " 1 "3$1$2#$+M_]`Q_]a
 , 3$1( +M^acQ^ad                                     " 1 "3$1?23(" 2%4-# ,$-3 +$2M^db
 2(23$,:3(".M`ef                                      " 42 #$+
 3$+$.+C&(".M^acQ^adM`efQ`f]                          %.1, +M_]`
 4-(" "(C-#$M^b_                                    , 3$1( +M_]_
4$23(C-2."( +M`_c                                    "($-"( #$+M^bQ^cM^ff
4+/ !(+(# #M/1(-"(/(.#$M`bc                         "(5(+M^_`(M_^dM_feM`b`M`bb
4+341 M$+$,$-3.2!:2(".2#$+ M^ec                   ".$1"(!(+(# ##$+M__c
$!$1Y$2Z                                               ".,. 13$MbM^^c
 )41?#(".M_b`Q_ba                                     ".,. 43.+(,(3 "(C-#$+.2&.!$1- -3$2M
  %4-# ,$-3 "(C-#$+M_b`Q_ba                                   ^fe
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 ,.1 +#$+M__^                                       [ 
 +$31 ((-#(" 04$$2 5.92$$-"4$-31 $-4- 
 - 341 +$2M`^_                                          -.3  /($#$/:&(- P
412   Teoría del derecho
      $1$"'.Y2ZY)(.#(/#:(BL                                #$%$-2 #$+.2M`a^
       ".,. ".,/1.,(2. $-31$ &14/.2 ./4$2Q                 #.!+$%4-"(C-#$+.2M^`b
                3.2M^fd                                        $2!.9.'(23C1(".#$+.2M^`dQ^`e
       ".,.%$-C,$-."4+341 +M^ecQ^ed                         %4-# ,$-3 +$2M^d]
       ".,E-M^_`                                              4-(5$12 +(# ##$+.2M^`c
       ".-23(34"(.- +M`baQ`bb                                (&-.1 -"( #$+M`]^
       ".-24$34#(- 1(.M^abM^afM_ea                         (,/1$2"1(/3(!+$2M`c_
        $-+.2/4$!+.2(-#?&$- 2M^ab                        (-- 3.2Mf^
       #$&$-3$2M^_`(                                        (-3$1- "(.- +MdaM^`^M^abM`b`
       #$"(2(5.M`da                                           ".-24$34#(- 1(.M^`_
       #$-("(.-$2M^cfQ^d`M^db                              %4-# ,$-3 "(C-#$+M^`^Q^`_
       #$+'.,!1$Mcb                                          -.1, 2#$+M`b_
       #$+31 ! ).M`bb                                       )423(" "(C-#$+M^dc
       #$2.!$#($-"( "(5(+$-$+M_b_                         + !.1 +M^aeM`^d
       #$2314""(C-#$+M_aaQ_ab                               +(!1$M$2"4$+ #$+M^]`Q^]a
       #(,$-2(.-$2#$+M_]aQ_]c                               ,.#.2#$"1$ 1M^a`
       #."31(- ".,.%4$-3$#$+M^bc                          ,4-#.#$+M^d_
       $2"4$+ #$+                                            - "(.- +M`c]
        1 "(.- +(23 Me^                                     - 341 +Y$2ZM aM c_M ddM e^M f_M faM ^^^M ^_^Q
        2."(.+C&(" MffQ^]]                                           ^_`M^_cM^`]Q^`^M^``M^a]M_]_(
       $2/ "(.$-$+M`b^                                      " 1:"3$1(-#$3$1,(- #.#$+M^_d
       $2/ B.+MbfMc^                                         3$.1? 2#$+M^]d
       23 #.#$M^fbM`]^                                    -$"$2(# ##$+M^e_Q^e`
       $3("(9 "(C-#$+M_^c                                   -."(.-$2,.1 +$2#$+Me]
       % "3.1$-$+                                           -.1, 2#$+Ma
        / "(" #.1M`bf                                     -.3 1( +M^ae
        /$1341! #.1M`bf                                     .!$#($-"( $-".-"($-"(  +M_bb
       +.2.%? #$+M^aQ^b                                    +?,(3$2 + M_bc
       -$2#$+M_ebM_ed                                   .!)$3(5.M^fM_]]Q_]^
       %4$-3$2#$+M^_eM^a^Q^a_M^aa                         / "3.(-3$1- "(.- +#$Mc]
        %.1, +$2M^a^Q^aa                                    /$- +M^aeM^f_M_feM`baM`bc
        , 3$1( +$2M^a^Q^a_M^bd                              /.2(3(5.MbM^aMafMf_M^`^M^ccM_`eM`da
       %4-"(C-Y$2Z#$+M^ebM_eb                              /1(-"(/(.2 &$-$1 +$2 #$+M bfQc]M ^`_M ^b`Q
        /$# &C&(" M^e]Q^e^                                           ^bb
       &>-$2(2#$+M_ec                                       /1(5 #.M`b`Q`ba
       '(23.1( #$+M`c]                                      /1."$2 +M`b`
       '4, -.2M bcM c]M dbQddM ^``Q^`bM ^`dM _]^M      /E!+(".M`b`
                `ba                                            1$&+ #$M^]^Q^]_
        " 1 "3$1?23(" 2M^`b                                 1., -.MfdM^afM_^`M`b_
        ".,/1$-2(C-3$C1(" 8+.2C" #$+.2M            1., -.Q&$1,:-(".M^ae
                db                                             24!)$3(5.Y2ZM^fMb]MdeM^`bM^ffQ_]^
                                                                              Índice analítico    413
$1$"'.Y2ZY)(.#(/#:(BL                           #$+(!$1 3(5 McbQcc
 2423 -3(5.M_]_(                                   +E#(".Q$23>3(" McbQcc
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          `d]                                       (2$-2.M_`_M_b_
  " 1 "3$1?23(" 2M_                              (24 2(C-M^f`
  &$-$1 +McM^^M^`Q^aM^cMf`M^a`              ."31(- M^bc
  /41 MeaMecMef                                 "+:2(" M^`^
 3($,/.$-$+M``eM`beQ_bf                         ".,.%4$-3$#$+#$1$"'.M^bc
 31 -2%.1, "(C-#$+/.#$1$-M^fd                   2."( +#$+ 
&+$2( M`_^M`_eM``eQ`a^
 ,.#.2$-04$ %$"3 $+M`c`Q`ca                   .&,:3(" )41?#(" M^bQ^cM^d^
 4-("(# ##$+Mee                                  " "( M_]aQ_]b
 42. +3$1- 3(5.#$+M_fa                           #$+ 2-.1, 2Mee
 5 +.1$2#$+M_eb                                   /1(-"(/(.#$M`bc
 5(5.M^]a                                         +$,$-3.2-.1, 3(5.2M`adQ`ae
 8,.1 +M^]fQ^^]M_^]Q_^^M_^eM                   ".,4-$2M`ae
          __^Q__`M__e                              , -"(/ "(C-M#$2.!$#($-"( "(5(+#$M_d_
  #(23(-"(C-$-31$M_^bM_^eQ__]                  ,/(1(2,.MddMdf
  2$/ 1 "(C-#$M_^aQ_^c                          04(# #M`e`
 8/.#$1M^fb                                       /1(-"(/(.#$M`^_
$1.& "(C-M`c^                                     04(+(!1(.1$$7(5.M/1(-"(/(.#$M`^_
$2 11.++.(-3$&1 +#$+'.,!1$M``_                 1.2M^ef
$2.!$#($-"( "(5(+M_`dQ_`dM_b_M_bcM            2"$/3("(2,.Mea
          _bfM_cb                                  2".3.2(2P6-$&4$1
 43>-3(" M_ccQ_cd                                 2"4$+
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$2/.3(2,.M^fd                                      #$+#$1$"'.
(".3.,? Y2ZM_^c                                     +(!1$M^]`Q^]a
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(".3.,(9 "(C-MfQ^]M_]M_`                          2."(.+C&(" MffQ^]]
("3 #41 2M_`fQ_a]                                  '(23C1(" MfdQfeM^ab
#!-.)M`e^                                         1.,:-3(" M`ee
(&-(# #MbcMc]Mc_                                2/ "(.$-$+#$1$"'.M`b^
 #$+ /$12.- MbcQc^                              2/?1(34
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(,$-2(C-Y$2Z#$+24)$3.Mcb                       23 !(+(# #M`]e
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 ".&-.2"(3(5 McbQcc                                         `b`Q`ba
414   Teoría del derecho
       #$#$1$"'.M^fbM`]^                         #$+#$1$"'.M^aQ^b
       #$/.#$1M^fb                                /1 &,:3(" Mfd
       #$/1$5$-"(C-M`]a                          (- +(# #M`aeQ`af
       #$,."1:3(".2M_`^M_bfM_ff                 (-$2
        (#$ +#$+.2M_ff                          #$+#$1$"'.M_ebM_ed
       ,(-(, +(23 M`^^                             .!)$3(5.2M_ec
       C1& -.2#$+M^a_Q^a`                         24!)$3(5.2M_ec
       /.#$1#$+M^f_M^fbQ^fc                     (1,$9 #$+ 21$2.+4"(.-$2)41?#(" 2M_fd
       3.3 +(3 1(.2M_`^M`]c                      .1, "(C-
       3.3 +(3 1(2,.#$+M`]f                       #$1(5 3(5 M^aa
      2314"341                                      .1(&(- 1( M^aa
       #$"(1"4+ 1(# #M`cfM`d^                   4$-3$2M^aa
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       #$,$#( "(C-M`cfM`d^                       #$+#$1$"'.M^_eM^a^Q^a_M^aa
       #( +C&(" .#( +>"3(" M`cfQ`d]               %.1, +$2M^a^Q^aaM^bd
      3(" M_]fM`cf                                 , 3$1( +$2M^a^Q^a_M^bd
      3("(9 "(C-#$+#$1$"'.M_^c                  4$19 M^ee
      5 +4 "(C-M^`^                                4-"(C-Y$2ZM_ec
      5 2(C-Y$2Z                                    2."( +#$+ /1./($# #M``_
       #$&14/.M`e                                 1 -3? Y2Z
       #1 ,:3(" M`e                                "1(,(- +M`bc
       &$-$1 +$2M`e                                #$$)$"4"(C-M`bc
       (-#(5(#4 +M`e                               (-#(5(#4 +$2MbcM`baM`bd
      7>&$2(2M`cc                                  )41?#(" 2M_fc
       #$+.23$73.2M_ec                            )41(2#(""(.- +$2M_fc
       $2"4$+ #$+ Mf`Qfa                          -.)41(2#(""(.- +$2M_fc
        #$" #$-"( #$+ Mfb                       )41(2#(""(.- +M`bc
        /$1(.#.2#$+ Mfb                         /$- +M`bc
      7(&$-"( 2#$+1 9.- ,($-3./1:"3(".M^^b      /.+?3(" 2M_fc
      7(23$-"(  '4, - M5 +.1$2 %4-# ,$-3 +$2    2."( +$2M_fc
                #$+ M^^bQ^^c                      $-$1 +(# #Mc
      7/$1($-"( M`]Ma]                           4$11 Y2ZMd^Qd_
       $23>3(" M^^c                                "+ 2(" "(C-Md`
       )41?#(" M`                                  )423 Md`Qda
       1$+(&(.2 Ma]                               $1,$->43(" M`cbQ`ccM`d]M`daM`dc
       "4+3 #Y$2ZM_]`                              2/$"3.1$+(&(.2.#$+ M`cc
       $731 .1#(- 1( 2M^bd                         #$2 %?.#$+ M`db
       + "( - 341 +(23 MdeM^^e                   #$2 11.++.#$+ M`cdQ`ce
      $-C,$-.2)41?#(".2M_`                        +.2C" M`dc
      (+.2.%?                                        "1(3$1(.2#$+ M`dcM`dfQ`e]
       - +?3(" Mdd                                 -4$5 ".-"($-"( M`d`
                                                                        Índice analítico   415
 5(134 +(9 #.1 M`ceQ`cf                      #$"+ 1 3(5 M`eb
	(23.1( #$+#$1$"'.M`c]                      #."31(- +M`ed
	(23.1("(# #Mb^                               $73$-2(5 2M`ee
	.,!1$MafQb]                                  &$-$1 +M`ed
 #$1$"'.2#$+Mcb                             &1 , 3(" +M`ebM`f]
 #$2 11.++.(-3$&1 +#$+M``_                 '(23C1(" M`ebM`f]
 #$2"1(/"(.-$2#$+MbaQbb                     )41?#(" M`ecQ`ee
	.,("(#(.Mda                                   "1(3$1(.2&$-$1 +$2#$+ M`eeQ`f]
	4, -(9 "(C-#$+3($,/.M`be                   +(3$1 +M`ee
	".-."(# #MddQde                              +C&(" M`eb
&+$2( M`_^Q`_`M``]                          /+41 +(# ##$M`ce
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&-.1 -"( #$+#$1$"'.M`]^                    /1."$2.2#$+ M`ea
&4 +# #MbfM__`                              /E!+(" M`eb
 /1(-"(/(.#$M^^^M^caQ^cbM`bc               +$& +. 43>-3(" M`eb
,/1$2"1(/3(!(+(# #M^`b                        424 +M`eb
,/1$5(2(C-M3$.1? #$+ M`be                 1$231("3(5 2M`ee
- +($- !(+(# #M^`b                           2(23$,:3(" M`ebM`f]
-" / "(3 "(C-M^f`                            2."(.+C&(" M`f]
-"+42(C-M3$.1? #$+ M_]fM_^^M__d         3$.1? #$+ P6-	$1,$->43("
-".-23(34"(.- +(# #M ""(.-$2#$M^b_        
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-#(5(#4.Mba                                 
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2.,.12,.M_a
-'(!("(C-M`eQ`f                             
42- 341 +(2,.MddM^_aQ^_cM^`_M^d^
-2$&41(# #M_f^Q_f_M`]]                      "+:2(".MdcM^^a
(-#!".MabQadM^^aM`deQ`df                   +C&(".31 2"$-#$-3 +Mef
-23(34"(.- +(2,.M`^a                         -4$5.Mdc
-23(34"(.-$2)41?#(" 2M_`^M`b^              /1."$#(,$-3 +M`^_
-3$&1 "(C-M_a                                1 "(.- +(23 Mfd
-3$+$""(C-M`]Mab                            1$-.5 #.Mc^Mdc
-3$+(&$-"( Ma]Qa^                           
42/.2(3(5(2,.Mdc
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           `e]Q`e^M`ea                       4$&.M^^c
 43>-3(" M`eaM`ed                          4$9M`cd
 43.1(9 # M`ed                              4("(.Y2ZM`]Ma]
 "1(3$1(.2                                    ".11$"3.M`]
  !:2(".2/ 1 + M`ec                       #$'$"'.M^_e
  "+:2(".2#$M`f]                           #$5 +.1M_dM^_e
416   Teoría del derecho
       -.1, 3(5.Y2Z                                 /1(-"(/(.2#$M__^Q___M_fdQ_feM
        #$+ ,.1 +Meb                                     `bcM`c_
        - 341 +$9 ".,./1(-"(/(.#$+M^_d        
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      41(2/14#$-"( M^fM^a_M^b_Q^b`               *,*./M_f`
       "$/"(.-$2M^b_                               *,0#M_f`
       - +?3(" Mf^                                 -.,#.M_f`
       ".,.%4$-3$%.1, +M^b_                     
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       / 13("4+ 1Mf`                               3$.1? #$+ M^b^
       2."(.+C&(" M^]aQ^]b                        
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      41(23 Y2ZM`fMacMb]M`d`Q`da                + !.1#$+M^b^Q^b_
       )423("( #$+M`]c                           
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      423("( MbfM^bfQ^c_M^ceM^d`M^eeM_ecM    /1$3$-2(C-#$M___
                 _ffM`]b                           
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       ".-31 "34 +!(+ 3$1 +M^d]                            `acM`cd
       #$-("(.-$2M^c`Q^ca                        !1.& "(C-#$+ M`c^
       #$+)41(23 M`]c                             $+ !.1 "(C-#$+ 2M^b]
       #$+,.1 +(23 M`]c                            $3 / 2M^b]
       $73$1- M^c]                                 '4, - 2M^^dM_`d
       &$-$1 +M_ee                                 +." +$2M`b_
       (-3$1- M^c]                                 ,:204$/$1%$"3 2M`af
       +$& +M`^c                                   ,$-.204$/$1%$"3 2M`af
       .!)$3(5 M^c]                                V,$1 ,$-3$/$- +$2WM3$.1? #$+ 2M_^c(
       /1(-"(/(.#$M`^_                            ,4-("(/ +$2M`b_
       2."( +M^d]M_]cM_`^M`]cM`^cQ`^dM        - 341 +MdeM^`^
                 `_`Q`_bM`ba                        .!$#($-"( $-".-"($-"(  + M_be
        #$-("(C-M`_`                            /$- +$2M`c_
        %4-"(C-#$+ M`^c                         /$1%$"3 2M`af
        /1(-"(/(.2#$M`^c                         /1.,4+& "(C-#$+ 2M_ff
       24!)$3(5 M^c]                               1$31. "3(5 2M`c_
       3$.1? #$+ M`^^Q`^_                       
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                                                                              Índice analítico           417
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V
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418   Teoría del derecho
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       ,.1 +M^df                                 )41?#(".M^f_
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                                                                             Índice analítico      419
.+ 1(# #M_]`                                     #$2.+(# 1(# #2."( +M^]^
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.2,.#$1-(# #M^bd                                 ,$3.#.+C&(".2M`e^
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420   Teoría del derecho
       )41?#(".M`da                                )41?#(" M_edQ_efM_fbM_feM`]]Q`]^M
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                                                                                Índice analítico    421
4)$3.Mb`Mcd                                         (1 -? 2M_a]Q_a^
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 /41 #$+#$1$"'.MeaMecMef                         %:"3(" M_]b
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$2(2                                                   .!)$3(5 M_]c
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422   Teoría del derecho
       )41?#(".2MaaQabM_fe     (-"4+ "(C-M3$.1? #$+ M_]fM__d
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Me parece que se trata de un esfuerzo inédito en la literatura jurídica
mexicana. Esta obra aborda y desarrolla con método y magnífica infor-
mación diferentes temáticas de iniciación jurídica que solían encontrar-
se dispersas y en ocasiones sin el desarrollo y la estructura que les
ofrece el doctor Pérez Valera.
La contribución del autor al aprovechamiento de una verdadera Teoría
Humanista del Derecho hace pensar en la urgencia de que pronto
pueda disponerse de un material que contribuya sin lugar a duda a la
educación jurídica en los diferentes niveles del ámbito universitario,
especialmente para los alumnos que ingresan a nuestra licenciatura.
                                             Dr. José de Jesús Ledesma Uribe
Una de las aportaciones más significativas de la obra del doctor Víctor
Manuel Pérez Valera es que construye su Teoría del Derecho a partir
del Humanismo, que pone en el centro mismo del Derecho a la perso-
na humana. Su visión antropológica del Derecho —que es su punto de
partida— es el hilo conductor que enlaza y da coherencia a los diver-
sos temas que aborda. No es mérito menor del autor la utilización del
método de Bernard Lonergan, que persigue la “autoapropiación”
del conocimiento y, en el caso, la experiencia del Derecho, lo cual
representa, sin duda, una plausible innovación en el tratamiento de la
Teoría del Derecho y un instrumento didáctico valioso para el que se
acerca a la disciplina.
Es de advertirse, por otro lado, que el autor no pretende descalificar a
otras concepciones de la Teoría del Derecho, sino, por el contrario, com-
plementarlas desde la atalaya de un iusnaturalismo renovado y abierto
a otras corrientes del pensamiento jurídico.
                                                Mtro. Raúl González Schmal
1                                                     ISBN 978-607-426-039-7