Sumario de funciones.

Funciones desde la Unidad 1 hasta la Unidad 5.

1- Presentarse a un desconocido y responder a la presentación.

2- Presentar una persona a otra.
3- Saludar a una persona no conocida.
4- Saludar a una persona conocida.
5- Preguntar y decir cómo está alguien.
6- Preguntar quién es alguien.
7- Preguntar y decir la nacionalidad.
8- Preguntar y decir la hora.
9- Localizar lugares y personas.
10- Pedir a alguien que repita lo que ha dicho.
11- Dar las gracias y responder a las gracias.
12- Deletrear nombres y palabras.
13- Pedir y dar permiso.
14- Preguntar y decir hacia dónde se dirige una persona.
15- Preguntar e indicar posesión.
16- Preguntar y decir si algo está correcto o no.
17- Preguntar y decir precios.
18- Tomar o hacer un pedido, una orden.
19- Ofrecer algo. Aceptar o rehusar.
20- Expresar posibilidad o imposibilidad.
21- Despedirse, decir adiós.
22- Pedir y dar direcciones simples.
23- Describir.

Funciones desde la Unidad 6 hasta la Unidad 10.

24- Describir una habitación.

25- Solicitar una reservación en un hotel.
26- Preguntar y decir el tiempo de estancia en el hotel.
27- Dar ordenes.
28- Comprar artículos.
29- Preguntar por localidades.
30- Decir lo que usted sabe o puede hacer.
31- Preguntar por el alquiler de una habitación,direcciones,etc.
32- Hablar sobre dónde otros trabajan,viven,etc.
33- Preguntar por el estado civil de una persona.
34- Describir hábitos cotidianos y rutinarios.
35- Obtener información personal.
36- Obtener información sobre otras personas.
37- Expresar inseguridad, duda.
38- Expresar seguridad.
39- Rectificar a una persona.
40- Preguntar y decir si alguien conoce sobre algo.

Funciones desde la Unidad 11 hasta la Unidad 15.

41- Expresar preferencias, gustos y aversiones.

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42- Tomar y ordenar el pedido en el restaurante. Ofertar.
43- Dar opiniones.
44- Hablar sobre el tiempo.
45- Preguntar y sugerir qué hacer.
46- Decir qué desea y no desea hacer.
47- Preguntar si está de acuerdo con algo o alguien.
48- Responder a una solicitud.
49- Hablar sobre un hecho que ocurrió en el pasado.
50- Pedir y dar razones acerca de algo.
51- Preguntar y responder sobre el pasado y el presente.
52- Describir sus experiencias en la escuela antes de trabajar.
Hablar de otros trabajos anteriores.
53- Describir lo que una persona hizo ayer, unos días atrás,etc.

Funciones desde la Unidad 16 hasta la Unidad 18.

54- Preguntar y decir si alguien está temeroso o preocupado.

55- Calmar a alguien.
56- Hablar sobre algo que ocurrirá en el futuro.
57- Especular sobre el futuro.
58- Hablar sobre intenciones y planes futuros.
59- Decir que algo es posible o probable.
60- Expresar necesidad, obligación.
6l- Pedir y dar instrucciones.
62- Preguntar y dar direcciones.

ANEXOS

1- Números/ Días de la semana

2- Meses del año/ Estaciones del año
3- Puestos de trabajo en el hotel/Lugares dentro del hotel
4- Lista de verbos regulares
5- Lista de verbos irregulares
6- Aperitivos
7- Colores
8- Números ordinales
9- El cuerpo
10- Miembros de la familia
11- Partes de la casa
12- Lugares en la ciudad
13- Ropas
14- Frases
15- Países y nacionalidades
16- Algunas enfermedades comunes
17- Vegetales y hortalizas
18- Vocabulario

Grammatical Structures and Functional Content.

UNIDAD 1.

1- Presentarse a un desconocido. Responder a la presentación.

2
Formal:
* My name is Robert Steven.
- And my name is Albert Williams.
* How do you do.
- How do you do.

Menos formal:
* Excuse me, what's your name?
- My name's Anna White. What's your name?
* Albert Steven.
- Nice meeting you.
* Nice meeting you, too.

Informal:
* Excuse me, I don't think we have met before.
- I am Ron Martin.
* And I'm Sylvia Steward.
- Hi!
* Hi!

2-Presentar una persona a otra.

Formal:
* This is Mr. Richard Anderson. Mr Anderson, this is my friend Alfred Smith.
- How do you do.
- How do you do.
………………...........................................
* Do you know Mr. Perkins ?
- No, I don't think so. How do you do.
* Mr. Perkins. I'd like you to meet my friend Mr. Andrews.
+ How do you do.
- How do you do.
.….........................................................
* I'd like you to meet my friend Robert.
- Nice to meet you. I'm Carolyn.
* Nice to meet you too, Carolyn.

Menos formal:
* My name's Franklyn, James Franklyn.
- And my name's George Gates.
* Glad to meet you, Mr. Gates.
- Glad to meet you too, Mr. Franklyn.

Informal:
* Judy, this is my friend George. George, this is Judy.
- Hello.
- Hello.
……………..……........................................................
- By the way, do you know each other?
* No, I haven't had the pleasure. My name's Louis Stones.
+ And my name's Martha Stevens.
Hello¡
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* Hello¡

3-Saludar a una persona no conocida.

- Good morning.
* Good morning, sir. What can I do for you?
- Do you have laundry service here?
* Yes, sir. We have laundry service the twenty-four hours.
- That's fine. Thank you very much.
* You're welcome.

Good morning: (Después de las doce de la noche hasta las doce del día).
Good afternoon:(Después de las doce del día hasta el final del horario de trabajo).
Good evening: (Después del horario de trabajo hasta las doce de la noche).

4-Saludar a una persona conocida.

* Hello Martha!
- Hello Betty! How are you?
* Fine, thanks. And you?
- Not bad.

Otras formas:
- Hi! [jai ] ¡Hola!
- How nice to see you. [jau nais tu.. ] ¡Cuánto gusto de verte!
- It's good to see you. [its gud tu si ] ¡Qué bueno verte!
- Very nice to see you. [véri nais.. ] ¡Mucho gusto de verlo!
- Glad to see you again. [glad tu si iu ] ¡Gusto en verte de nuevo¡

5-Preguntar y decir cómo está alguien.

* How do you feel today?

- I'm very well, thanks. And you?
* Very well, thanks.
..…..…....................................................
* Are you sick?
- Yes, I have a headache and sore throat.
* Do you have fever?
- No, I don't think so.

Otras formas para preguntar:

- How are things? [jau er zings ] ¿Cómo están las cosas?

- How are you doing? [..er iu duing ] ¿Qué tal?, Qué haces?
- How are you feeling today? [.fíling tudéi ] ¿Cómo te sientes hoy?
- How are you getting along? [.géting elóng] ¿Cómo te va?
- How are you keeping? [.er iu kíping ] ¿Cómo te va?
- How have you been? [jau jáviu bin ] ¿Cómo estás?
- How's it going? [jausit góuing] ¿Cómo te va?
- How's life? [jaus láif ] ¿Cómo te lleva la vida?

Otras formas para responder:

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- All right. [ol rait ] Bien.
- Awful. [óful ] Muy mal.
- Bad. [bad ] Mal.
- Fantastic. [fantástik ] Fantástico.
- Getting along [géting elóng ] Tirando.
- Horrible. [jórebl ] Horrible.
- I can't complain. [kent kempléin ] No puedo quejarme.
- Not very well. [nat véri uel ] No muy bien.
- O.K. [ou kei ] Bien.
- Quite well. [kuait uel ] Bastante bien.
- So so. [sou-sou ] Regular.

Nota: Ver anexo No.l6 para otras enfermedades.

6-Preguntar quién es alguien.

* Who's that young pretty girl?

- She's the new secretary.
* Do you know her?
- Well, I know her name's Susan.
* Is that man her boyfriend?
- I don't know.

Otras formas:
- Excuse me, are you Mr.? [.er iu míster ] Perdone, Ud. es...?
* Yes, I'm.../No, I'm not. [ ies aim/nou .] Si, yo soy/No, no soy.

7-Preguntar y decir la nacionalidad.

- Excuse me, what nationality are you?

* I'm Canadian. What about you?
- I'm English.
* Oh! Are you from London?
- No, I'm from Liverpool.

Nota: Ver Anexo No.l5 para otras nacionalidades.

Otras formas:
- Where were you born? [..er iu born ] Dónde naciste?
- Where do you come from? [..iu kam from] De dónde eres?
- Where are you coming from? [..káming from] De dónde vienes?
- What's your nationality? [..náshenáliti ] Cuál es tu nacionalidad?
- Where're you from originally? [.eríyineli ] De dónde eres oriundo?

8-Preguntar y decir la hora.

* Excuse me, what time is it, please?

- It's a quarter to ten.
* Excuse me?
- Nine forty-five.
* Thanks.
......................................................….
5
* Could you tell me the time, please?
- It's eleven past five.
* Thank you very much.
- You are welcome.

Otras formas para preguntar:

- Tell me the time, please? [télmi de taim ] Dígame la hora...?

- Have you got the time? [jav iu gat... ] ¿Tiene hora?
- The time, please? [de taim plis ] ¿La hora, por favor.
- What's the time, please? [juats de taim ] ¿Qué hora es...?

Nota: Can y could son formas más corteses para preguntar.

Otras formas para responder:

- It's a quarter past one. Es la una y cuarto.
- It's half past five. Son las cinco y media.
- It's six-thirty. Son las seis y treinta.

La hora en relojes digitales: 12:07 twelve oh seven.

Si no está seguro: If you are not sure:

- A little after two. [elítel áfter ] Las dos y pico.
- I don't know, about two. [...ebáut tu ] No se, cerca de las dos.
- It must be about two. [it most bi... ] Debe ser cerca de las...
- My watch is slow. [mai..is slou ] Mi reloj está atrasado.
- My watch is fast. [.uach is fast ] .está adelantado.
- I haven't got the time. [ai jávent gat ] No tengo hora.

Gramática. Para preguntar y decir la hora generalmente se usa el pronombre neutro it. Ejemplo

- What time is it? [juat táimisit ] ¿Que hora es?

* It is four o'clock. [...four eklák ] Son las cuatro

Con las horas en punto se le agrega a la hora la palabra o'clock. Ejemplo: Two o'clock, five o'clock, etc.

Cuando son horas y minutos se puede decir de diferentes formas.

Ejemplos:
7:l5: It's seven fifteen.
It's fifteen (minutes) past seven.
It's a quarter past seven.
It's fifteen (minutes) after seven .

7:45:It's fifteen (minutes) to eight.

It's seven forty-five.
It's fifteen (minutes) before eight.
It's a quarter to eight.

Nota: Ver Anexo No.1 para los números.

9-Localizar lugares y personas.

- Excuse me, is Marea del Portillo in Holguín province?

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- No, Marea del Portillo is in Granma province.
* And where is Santa Lucía beach?
- It isn't in Granma. It is in Camaguey.

Gramática. Adverbios interrogativos when, where, how, why.

When indica tiempo: When are you going to Havana? (Tommorrow.)
Where indica lugar: Where do you live? (I live in Holguin).
How indica forma: How do you go to work? (By bus).

10-Pedir a alguien que repita lo que ha dicho.

* Excuse me, how much is the ticket to Havana, please?

- Twenty-five dollars.
* Pardon, how much?
- Twenty-five dollars.

Otras formas:
- Come again? [kom egén ] ¿Cómo dijo?
- Could you repeat that? [kud iu ripít ] ¿Podría repetir eso?
- Could you say that again? [kud iuséi dat ] ¿Podría decirlo de nuevo?
- Excuse me? [ekskíus mi ] ¿Perdone?
- I'm sorry? [aim sári ] ¿Disculpe?
- Pardon? What did you say? [...did iu sei ] ¿Disculpe, qué dijo?
- Sorry, I didn't catch. [ai didnt kach ] Perdón, no lo cogí.
- Sorry, I didn't hear. [.ai didnt.jir ] Lo siento, no oí.
- What? [juat ] ¿Qué?
- When? [juen ] ¿Cuándo?
- Where? [juer ] ¿Dónde?
- Who? [ju ] ¿Quien?
- You what? [iu juat ] ¿Ud. qué cosa?

11-Dar las gracias. Responder a las gracias.

* Excuse me, where's the shop, please?

- Over there, next to the restaurant.
* Thank you.
- You're welcome.

Otras formas de dar las gracias:

- I really appreciate it. [.epríshiéitit ] Realmente lo agradezco.

- Thank you very much. [...veri moch ] Muchas gracias.
- Thanks a lot. [zanks e lat ] Muchas gracias.
- Thanks a million. [... e mílien ] Un millón de gracias.

Otras formas para responder a las gracias:

- Don't mention it. [.. ménshen it ] No hay de qué.

- That's all right. [dats ol ráit ] Bien, bueno.
- That's fine/O.K. [..fain /óukéi ] Está bien

12-Deletrear nombres o palabras.

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* What's your name, please?
- Davison. Michael Davison.
* Could you spell your last name, please?
- di-ei-vi-ai-es-ou-en.
* Thank you.

Nota: Ver Anexo No. 2 para el abecedario.

Otras formas:
- Do you spell the word..like this? ¿La palabra...se deletrea así?
- Is the word...with one...? ¿La palabra...es con una...?
- How do you spell the word...? ¿Cómo se deletrea la palabra...?
- What's the correct spelling of..? ¿Cuál es la forma correcta para deletrear..?

13-Pedir y dar permiso.

* Excuse me, may I sit down here?

- Yes, sure.
* Thanks.

Otras formas para pedir permiso:

- Can I use your...? Puedo usar su......?
- Can I..., please? Puedo....por favor.?
- Could I use your...? Podría usar su.....?
- Could it be possible to...? Sería posible......?
- Do you mind if I...? Le molestaría si yo?
- Do you think I could...? Ud. cree que yo pudiera...?
- I wonder if I could... Quisiera saber si puedo..?
- May I...? Puedo...?
- Would it be possible to...? Sería posible...?
- Would you mind lending me...? Le molestaría prestarme...?

Otras formas para dar permiso:

- All right. [ol rait ] Muy bien.

- By all means. [bai ol mins ] Si, sin falta.
- Certainly. [sértenli ] Ciertamente.
- Feel free. [fil fri ] Siéntase libre.
- Fine (by me) [ fain bai mi ] Por mí, bien.
- Go ahead. [gou ejéd ] Adelante.
- Please, do it. [plis du it ] Por favor hágalo.
- Sure. [shur ] Seguro.
- That's fine. [dats fain ] Está bien.
- That's O.K. [dats ou kei ] Está bien.
- Why not? [juai nat ] Por qué no?
- Yes, of course. [ies ev kours ] Sí, por supuesto.
- Yes, that's right. [ies dats rait ] Si, está bien.

Formas para rehusar permiso:

- Id like to, but... [aid laik tu.. ] Me gustaría, pero...

- I'm afraid not. [amefréid nat ] Me temo que no.
- I'm afraid you can't. [...iu kent ] Me temo que no puede.
- It's not possible. [itsnat pásibl ] No es posible.
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- No way. [nou uei ] De ninguna manera.
- Sorry. [sari ] Lo siento.
- That's not allowed. [datsnat eláud ] Eso no está permitido.

UNIDAD 2.

14-Preguntar y decir hacia dónde se dirige una persona.

* Excuse me, are you going to Holguín?

- No, I'm going to Guardalavaca.
Where are you going?
* I'm going to Banes.

Gramática. En los ejemplos señalados arriba la forma going to indica destino.

15-Preguntar e indicar por la posesión de algo.

En la aduana. At the customs office

* Excuse me, is this your handbag?
- Yes, that's my handbag, and that's my suitcase, too.
* Whose parcel is this?
+ That's mine.
* And this baggage belongs to you. Right?
= Yes, that's right.

Gramática. Las formas this [dis] ( este) that [dat] (aquel).

This se refiere a algo que se encuentra cercano y that se refiere a un objeto que se encuentra más distante. El
plural de this es these[diis] y el de that es those[dous].
Otras formas:
- Do you have any...? [du iu jav éni ] Usted tiene algún...?
- Do you own a..? [du iu oun e ] Usted posee un...?
- Have you got any...? [javiu gat éni ] Tiene algún...?
- Is this your...? [is dis iur ] Es este su...?
- No, that's hers. [nou dats jers ] No, ese es de ella.
- Yes, that's mine. [ies dats main ] Si, ese es mío.

Nota: En inglés existe una forma muy propia de dicho idioma para indicar posesión, la cual consiste en
añadir al sustantivo un apóstrofe seguido de una s ('s).

Ejemplos:

Mary's house. [méris jaus ] La casa de María.

Tom's book. [tams buk ] El libro de Tomás.

En el caso de sustantivos en plural o terminados en s, o es solo se le añade el apóstrofe.

Ejemplos:

The boys' books [de bois buks ] Los libros de los niños.
The ladies' room. [de léidis rum] El baño de las damas.

Cuando los sustantivos en plural no terminan en s se les añade la -s seguida del apóstrofe.

Ejemplo:

9
The men's shirts. [ mens sherts ] Las camisas de hombres

* Are those the boy's books?

- Yes, they're.
* Put them on the table, please.

l6-Preguntar y decir si algo está correcto o no.

* Your address is 475 Second Street. NW. Right?

- Yes, that's right.
* You live near the park. Don`'t you?
- No, not very.

Otras formas para decir que algo está correcto:

- Absolutely. [ábselutli ] Absolutamente.
- All right. [ol rait ] Bien.
- Exactly. [eksáktli ] Exactamente.
- Nothing wrong with. [názing rong ] No hay problema.
- Precisely. [prisáisli ] Precisamente.
- That's fine. [dats fain ] Esta bien.
- Yes, that's correct. [..dats kerékt ] Si, correcto.

Algunas formas para decir que algo no está correcto:

- No, it isn't (actually). [nou, it isnt ] No, no lo es.

- I'm afraid you're wrong. [ámefréid iuer ] Estás equivocado.
- You're not right. [iuer nat rait ] No tienes razón.
- I think you're wrong. [ai zink iuer ] Estás equivocado.

UNIDAD 3.

17-Preguntar y decir precios.

* How much is that watch?

- This one?
* No, the small one.
- Oh, that one is twenty dollars.
* Is it automatic?
- Yes, it is.
* Okey, I'll take it.

Otras formas:
- How much do I owe you? [...duai ou iu ] Cuánto le debo?
- How much does it cost? [..dasit kost ] Cuánto vale?
- How much is everything? [..is évrizing ] Cuánto es por todo?
- It's worth... [its uerz ] Vale...
- That'll be... [datl bi ] Es...
- The price is... [de prais is ] El precio es...
- What's the price of..? [... prais ov ] Cuál es el precio de...?

Gramática. How much? [jau moch] Cuánto/a? se utiliza para preguntar precios y también para preguntar
por cantidades no contables.

Ejemplo:
10
* How much sugar do you want in your coffee?
- Not much. Only a teaspoon.

18-Tomar o hacer un pedido o una órden.

* Good morning. May I help you?

- Yes, please. Bring me one beer and two sandwiches.
* What kind of beer do you prefer? We have light and dark beers.
- I prefer light beer.
* And what kind of sandwiches do you want? We have ham sandwich, ham and cheese sandwich and cheese
sandwich.
- I'd like one ham sandwich and one cheese sandwich.
* To stay or to go?
- One to stay and one to go.
* O.K. I'll bring them right now.

Nota: Ver la función No. 42 para otras opciones.

19-Ofrecer algo. Aceptar o rehusar.

*Come in and sit down, Mr. Jones.

Would you like coffee?
- Yes, please.
* Do you want any milk in your coffee?
- No, thanks.

UNIDAD 4.

20-Expresar posibilidad o imposibilidad.

* Can you go to my house tonight, Jim?

- Sure, what time?
* Could you go at five?
- Sorry, but I can't. It's too early.
* What about at seven?
- May I see you at seven-thirty?
* OK. See you at seven thirty.
- Bye Betty.
* Bye Jim.

Gramática. Los verbos can y may se utilizan para expresar posibilidad, como en los ejemplos anteriores.
Para expresar habilidades se utiliza can.

Ejemplo:
* Can you swim, María?
- Yes, I can.
* Can you play the piano?
- No, I can't.

21-Despedirse, decir adiós.

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* I think it's late. What's the time?
- Ten-forty.
* Sorry, I need to go now. Good night.
- Good night, Jim.

Otras formas:
- I've got to go now. Tengo que irme ahora.
- I hope you don't mind... Espero no se moleste...
- Sorry, it's time to go. Lo siento, es hora de irme.
- I must be going now. Debo marcharme ahora.
- I( really) have to go now. Realmente tengo que irme.
- It's been nice talking to you. Ha sido un placer hablar con Ud.
- See you around. Te veo por ahí.
- See you later. Te veo luego.
- So long. Hasta luego.
- Sorry, I must be on my way. Lo siento, debo seguir camino.
- Take care. Cuídate.

22-Preguntar y dar direcciones simples.

* Where's the barber shop, please?

- That way, at the end of the hall.
On the left.
* Thank you very much.
- You're welcome.

Otras formas:
- across from [ekrós from ] al cruzar
- behind [bijáind ] detrás
- beside [bisáid ] junto a
- between [bituín ] entre
- close to [klous tu ] cerca de
- downstairs [dáunsters ] abajo
- far from [far from ] lejos de
- in front of [in front ev ] en frente de
- near the [nir de ] cerca de
- next to [nekst tu ] al lado de
- on the first... [on de ferst ] en el primer...
- on the right [on de rait ] a la derecha
- upstairs [ópsters ] arriba

Nota: Para más lugares dentro del hotel ver Anexo 3.

UNIDAD 5.

23-Describir.

* Have you got a house?

- No, I live in an apartment.
* How many rooms has your apartment got?
- It has got a living room, a dining room, a kitchen, three bedrooms, and a bathroom. The bathroom is in
front of the dining room, between the second and the third bedrooms.

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Uso de How many? [jau méni] Cuántos? How many se utiliza para preguntar acerca de cantidades
contables en plural. Ej.

How many hospitals are there in Holguín?

How many rooms are there in your house?

Plural de sustantivos:

En inglés el plural de los sustantivos generalmente se forma añadiendo el sufijo -s. Ej. book [buk ] (libro)
books [buks](libros). No obstante existen otras formas para el plural.
Ej. Los sustantivos terminados en ch suave, sh, s, ss, x y z toman - es para el plural. Ejemplo:

box [baks ] boxes [báksis ] cajas

brush [brosh ] brushes [bróshis ] cepillos
church [cherch ] churches [chérchis ] iglesias
glass [glas ] glasses [glásis ] vasos
lens [lens ] lenses [lénsis ] lentes

Si la pronunciación de la -ch es fuerte, se sigue la regla general, es decir, se le añade una -s solamente. Ej.

monarch [ mánark ] monarchs [mánarks ] monarcas

Los sustantivos que terminan en -o toman, generalmente, -es para formar el plural.

Ejemplos:

negro [nígrou ] negroes [nígrous ] negros

potato [potéitou ] potatoes [potéitous ] papas
tomato [toméitou ] tomatoes [toméitous ] tomates

Los sustantivos terminados en -f o -fe forman el plural cambiando dichas terminaciones en -ves.

Ejemplos:
half [jaf ] halves [javs ] mitades
knife [naif ] knives [naivs ] cuchillos
thief [zif ] thieves [zivs ] ladrones
wife [uaif ] wives [uaivs ] esposas

Los excepciones de la regla anterior son:

brief [brif ] briefs [brifs ] resúmenes

chief [chifs ] chiefs [chifs ] jefes
proof [pruf ] proofs [prufs ] pruebas
roof [ruf ] roofs [rufs ] techos

Todos los sustantivos terminados en (-ff) tienen plural regular:

cliff [klif ] cliffs [klifs ] acantilados

stuff [ stof ] stuffs [stofs ] materiales

Los sustantivos terminados en -y precedida de una sola consonante, cambian la -y en -ies para formar el
plural.

Ejemplo.
13
fly [flai ] flies [flais ] moscas
lady [leidi ] ladies [leidis ] damas
story [stóri ] stories [stóris ] cuentos

Cuando la -y precede vocal se le añade la -s solamente:

boy [boi ] boys [bois ] muchachos

day [dei ] days [deis ] días
key [ki ] keys [kis ] llaves
valley [váli ] valleys [vális ] valles

Hay sustantivos que cambian de forma para expresar el plural:

child [cháild ] children [chíldren ] hijos

foot [fut ] feet [fit ] pies
goose [gus ] geese [gis ] gansos
louse [laus ] lice [lais ] piojos
man [man ] men [men ] hombres
mouse [maus ] mice [mais ] ratones
ox [aks ] oxen [áksen ] bueyes
tooth [tuz ] teeth [tiz ] dientes
woman [uúman ] women [uímin ] mujeres

Algunos sustantivos se expresan en plural solamente:

Athletics [azlétiks ] atletismo
billiards [bílierds ] billar/es
news [nius/nus ] noticia/s
politics [pálitiks ] política
scissors [sísers ] tijera/s
trousers [tráusers ] pantalón/es

Nota: En algunos casos para indicar el singular de algunos de los sustantivos arriba señalados, se puede
utilizar la palabra “piece”. Ej. A piece of news. Una noticia.

Existen sustantivos que se expresan solo en singular:

deer [dir ] venado/s

fish [fish ] pez/peces, pescado.
hose [jous ] manguera/s
sheep [ship ] oveja/s

Los sustantivos people, police, public, aunque singulares en forma, siempre se usan con un verbo en plural,
así decimos:

The people of Cuba are called Cubans.

The police are investigating the crime.
The public in the restaurant are eating now.

PRIMER TRABAJO DE CONTROL

UNIDAD 6.

24-Describir una habitación.

14
* What is there in a double room?
- There are two beds, of course, air conditioner, bathroom with shower, cold and hot water, color TV...
* What kind of beds are there in the room?
- They're twin beds.
* One more question. Is there telephone in the room?
- Yes, there's telephone too.
* Thank you very much.
- You're welcome sir.

Nota 1: Para otros muebles ver Anexo No.11

Nota 2: En inglés, el adverbio Hay se puede expresar a través de las formas THERE IS [der is] o THERE
ARE [der ar].
THERE IS se utiliza para el singular y THERE ARE para el plural.

1.There is only one hospital in Santa Lucía.

2.There are two hospitals in Holguín.

En la forma interrogativa se invierte el orden:

* Is there a hotel school in Santa Lucía?

- Yes, there's one.
* Are there any language courses?
- Yes, there are some English courses.

25-Solicitar una reservación en un hotel.

* Good morning. May I help you?

- I'd like to reserve a room.
* Do you wish a single or a double?
- How much is a double, please?
* Twenty-five dollars a night.
- All right, I'll take a double for two nights.
* Let me see your identification card, please?
- Sure. Here you are.
* Thanks. Here's your guest card and the key. Room six-thirty.
The porter will take your luggage to your room.
- No, it's not necessary. I can carry it. Thanks. Where's the
elevator, please?
* Over there, next to the telephone booth.
- Thank you.
* You're welcome, sir. Have a nice staying in the hotel.

Otras formas:

- Can I make a reservation? ¿Puedo hacer una reservación?

- Can I reserve a room? ¿Puedo reservar una habitación?
- Do you have any room available? ¿Tiene algún cuarto disponible?
- I'd like to book a room. Quisiera reservar una habitación.
- I'd like to make a reservation. Desearía hacer una reservación.
- Is it possible to reserve a room? ¿Es posible reservar... ?
- Is there a vacancy in the hotel? ¿Hay cuarto vacante en el hotel?

26-Preguntar el tiempo de estancia en el hotel.

15
- Good afternoon.
* Good afternoon sir. May I help you?
- Yes, I have a reservation in this hotel.
* Your name, please?
- Thomas Baker.
* Let me see... Thomas Baker. Oh yes. How long are you staying in the hotel?
- Three nights.
* Could you show me your passport, please.
- Here you are.
* Thank you.

Otras formas:
- How long will you be here? ¿Qué tiempo estará aquí?
- How many days are you staying? ¿Cuántos días estará?

27-Dar órdenes.

* Listen carefully. Go to the shop and buy me a pack of cigarettes and matches. Then go to the paper stand
and buy me a newspaper, OK?
And don't be late.

Otras formas en diferentes situaciones:

- Bring me some napkins. Tráigame algunas servilletas.

- Call me a taxi. LLámeme un taxi.
- Call me at seven. Llámeme a las siete.
- Put the baggage in the trunk. Ponga el equipaje en el maletero.
- Put my suitcase on the scale. Ponga la maleta en la pesa
- Take that dog out. Saca al perro para afuera.
- Wake me up at six. Despiérteme a las seis.

28-Comprar artículos.

En el correo: At the post-office:

* I want to buy some stamps for this postcard, please.

- Where is it going?
* To Canada. How much is it?
- One dollar.

En la tienda de víveres: At the grocery store:

* Give me two pounds of sugar, a pound of coffee, five pounds of rice and a quarter of a pound of salt.
- Is that all?
* Yes, that's all. How much is it?
- Let me see... That'll be five dollars and fifty cents.

En la tienda de ropa:At the shop:

* Good morning. May I help you?

- Yes, please. I'd like to buy a shirt.
* What size do you wear?
- Medium, please.
* Would you like this one?
16
- I prefer something in brown.
* Brown? Let's see...In brown we have plaid and check. Which one do you prefer?
- Plaid. I prefer plaid.
* Something like this?
- Yes, it's pretty.
* Try it on, please.
- I think that's Ok.
* Anything else? A tie, shoes...?
- No, that's all. How much is it?
* Fifteen dollars.

Nota: Ver Anexo No. 13 para otras prendas de vestir.

En el mercado: At the greengrocery:

* What can I do for you, sir?

- I'd like some potatoes.
* How many pounds do you wish?
- Five pounds.
* Here you are. Anything else?
We have sweet-potato, avocado, tomatoes, banana, cabbage, lettuce.
- Do you have any red peppers?
* No, we only have green peppers. The red ones are all over.
- Give me two pounds only.
How much is everything?
* Let's see... Five pounds of potatoes and two pounds of green peppers. That'll be one dollar and seventy-
five cents.
- Here you are. Two dollars.
* Here's the change. Twenty-five cents.

Gramática. El infinitivo de los verbos en inglés se forma anteponiendo al mismo la partícula to. Ejemplos:

* Do you want to buy anything, sir?

- Yes, I want to buy some potatoes and tomatoes.
* Would you like to see the bananas? We have green and ripe.
- No, thanks. That's all.

Se exceptúan los verbos modales can, may, must might, should, could. Después de los verbos make, let,
hear, see, watch, help, feel, y de los modales, cuando es necesario utilizar otro verbo en infinitivo, éste se
usa sin to

Ejemplos:

Don't let him come in.

Have you heard Tony play the piano?
I felt someone touch me on the arm.
I saw him cross the street.
I watched her play tennis.
This book will help you learn English.
You should study hard everyday.

Nota: Los verbos see, hear, watch, feel, que son verbos de los sentidos, admiten el uso del participio (-ing).

17
Asi podemos decir:

I saw him crossing the street.

I felt someone touching me on the arm.
I watched the burglar stealing things.
I heard the boy crying.

UNIDAD 7.

29-Preguntar por la ubicación de localidades.

* Do you live near here?

- Yes, I live in Santa Lucía.
* Where is Santa Lucía located?
- It's thirty-two kilometers far from Holguín.
* Near Guardalavaca beach?
- Yes, that's right.
* Oh, I remember now. Last year I went there to visit some friends of mine. I went to Playa Blanca beach
too. It's a small beach but very nice.
- Have you ever been to Pesquero beach?
* No. Where is it?
- It's between Santa Lucía and Guardalavaca beach.

30-Decir lo que usted sabe o puede hacer.

* Can you speak English?

- Yes, I can. I can speak English, French and Spanish.
* Can you speak German?
- No, I can't.

Otras habilidades o conocimientos:

- Cook. [kuk ] Cocinar.

- Drive. [draiv ] Manejar.
- Play chess. [plei ches ] Jugar ajedrez.
- Play guitar. [plei guitár ] Tocar guitarra.
- Play piano. [...piánou ] Tocar piano.
- Swim. [suim ] Nadar.
- Type. [taip ] Escribir en máquina.

31-Preguntar por alquiler, dirección,etc.

* How much is the rent of the room?

- Fifty dollars a month.
* Do I need to pay in advance?
- No, you can pay at the end of the month.
* What is your address?
- 45 Second street, apartment 3F.
* Is it on the main floor?
- No, it's on the second floor.

Nota 1: Para la dirección primero se dice el número de la casa y después el nombre de la calle.

18
Nota 2: Cuando las calles se denoninan con números, se utilizan los ordinales. Así decimos, First Street, Fifth
Avenue, etc.

También se utilizan para los pisos de un edificio. Ej.

I live on the second floor.

UNIDAD 8.

32-Hablar sobre donde otros trabajan, viven, etc.

* Excuse me, do you work here?

- Yes, I do. I'm a bartender.
* Oh, I see. Do you like your job?
- Yes, I like it very much. Besides, I help my country, because we need foreign currency to buy food,
medicines and other products.
* Do you live near here?
- Yes, I live six kilometers far from here. Where do you live?
* I live in Toronto and work in a hospital.
- Oh, are you a doctor?
* No, I'm a lab technician.

Nota: Para otros nombres de puestos de trabajo, ver Anexo 3.

Otras formas:

- Have you got a job? [iu gat e yab ] ¿Tiene trabajo?

- What do you do [juat du iu du ] ¿Qué hace? ¿Qué haces?
- for a living? [for e líving ] ¿De qué vives?
- What's your occupation? [akiupéishen ] ¿Cuál es su ocupación?
- What's your profession? [.prouféshen ] ¿Cuál es su profesión?

Si no trabaja:

- I don't work. [ dont uerk ] No trabajo.

- I'm a housewife. [aime jáusuáif ] Soy ama de casa.
- I'm a student. [aime stíudent ] Soy estudiante.
- I'm unemployed. [aim onemplóid ] Estoy desempleado.
- I'm looking for a job. [aim lúking.. ] Estoy buscando trabajo.
- I'm out of work. [.. autev werk ] Estoy sin trabajo.
- I'm retired. [aim ritáird ] Soy retirado/jubilado.

33-Hablar sobre el estado civil de una persona.

* Are you still single?

- Well, I got married two years ago, but actually I'm split away from my husband.
* Are you going to divorce?
- Yes, that's right.
* Oh, I'm sorry.
- Well, to tell you the truth, I've got a boyfriend. He's very cute. What about you?
* I'm engaged to be married next month.
- Really? Congratulations!

19
Otras formas:
- I'm a widow. [aime uídou ] Soy viuda.
- I'm a widower. [aime uídouer ] Soy viudo.
- I'm divorced. [aim divóurst ] Soy divorciado/a.
- I have a fiancé. [jav e fianséi ] Tengo novio.
- I'm shacked up [aim shakt op ] Estoy acompañado/a.

UNIDAD 9.

34-Describir hábitos cotidianos y rutinarios. Obtener información de otras personas.

* What do you usually do in the morning?

- I usually get up at five-thirty or six. Then I take a shower, shave myself and have breakfast.
* What time do you start working?
- I start working at eight, so I take the bus at seven-thirty.
* What time do you finish?
- I finish at five, then I come back home about five-thirty.
* Do you have lunch at work?
- Yes, I have lunch at work, but I have dinner at home.
* What about the evenings? What do you usually do?
- In the evenings, I usually watch T.V. or read a book.
Sometimes, I go out and drink some beer or talk to my friends.
* What about on weekends?
- On weekends, I sometimes go to the movies or to a restaurant.
When I stay at home I usually see the films and go to bed late.
* Do you always go to bed late?
- Not really. Most of the time I go to bed about ten.

Otras actividades diarias:

. do the housework: [du dejáusuérk ] trabajar en la casa:

. clean the house. [klin de jaus ] .limpiar la casa
. cook. [kuk ] .cocinar
. do the laundry. [du de lóndri ] .lavar
. dust. [dost ] .desempolvar
. iron. [ái-ern ] .planchar
. make the beds. [meik de beds ] .arreglar las camas.
. mop. [map ] .trapear
. run errands. [ron érends ] .hacer mandados
. set the table. [set de téibel ] .preparar la mesa
. sweep the floor. [suip de flor ] .barrer
. wash the dishes. [uash.. díshis ] .fregar

Otras actividades (en el tiempo libre):

- dance, drink. [dans, drink ] bailar, tomar.

- go camping. [gou kámping ] ir al campismo.
- go fishing. [gou físhing ] ir de pesca.
- go to parties. [gou tu pártis ] ir a fiestas.
- go to the beach. [..tu de bich ] ir a la playa.
- go to the movies. [gou..de múvis ] ir al cine.
- listen to music. [lísen miúsik ] oir música .
- play chess. [plei ches ] jugar ajedrez.
- practice sport. [práktis sport ] practicar deportes.
- read books. [rid buks ] leer libros.
20
- visit friends. [vísit frends ] visitar amigos.
- watch T.V. [uach tivi ] ver televisión.
- write letters. [rait léters ] escribir cartas.

Otras:

- study. [stódi ] estudiar

- take a bath. [teik e baz ] bañarse
- take a nap. [teik e nap ] echar una siesta
- take care of the [teik ker ev..] cuidar los
children. [chíldren ] niños

Nota: Al describir estas actividades, podemos hacerlo más correctamente si le agregamos un adverbio de
frecuencia.

Así podemos decir:

* I sometimes go fishing on weekends. What about you?

- Well, I always watch television.
Algunos adverbios de frecuencia:

- always [ol-uis ] siempre

- never [néver ] nunca
- often [ófen ] a menudo
- seldom [séldem ] rara vez
- sometimes [sómtaims ] algunas veces
- usually [iúshueli ] generalmente

A esta relación, podemos añadir algunas frases tales como:

- almost never [ólmoust néver ] casi nunca

- almost always [... ol-uis ] casi siempre
- once a year [uans e ier ] una vez al año
- once in a while [uans inejúail ] de vez en cuando
- several times [séverel taims ] varias veces
- twice a year [túais e ier ] dos veces al año

35-Obtener información personal.

* What's your name, please ?

- Frank Smith.
* Where do you live ?
- I live in Holguin.
* What's your address ?
- 430 Maceo Street.
* How old are you ?
- I'm twenty five years old.
* Are you single or married?
- I'm married.
* Do you have any children?
- No, not yet.

36-Obtener y dar información sobre otras personas.

* What does your wife do ?

21
- She works in a factory.
* What's her job ?
- She is an engineer.

Gramática: A los verbos en la tercera persona del singular (he, she o it), se le añade una -s. Ejemplos:

* Do you have children?

- Yes, I have a boy and a girl.
* What do they like to do on weekends?
- Well, the girl likes to go to the beach, and the boy plays football and goes to the movies.

Nota: Cuando el verbo termina en -ch,-sh,-x,-se,-ce,-z,-s,-ge e le añade la terminación -es y ésta se

pronuncia [iz](1)

(1) La pronunciación de este sonido es similar al zumbido que produce una abeja al volar. Está representado
en la pronunciación figurada de este folleto, por la letra (-s).

Ejemplos:
box [baks ] boxes [báksis ] boxear
cross [kras ] crosses [krásis ] cruzar
dance [dans ] dances [dáncis ] bailar
frizz [fris ] frizzes [frísis ] rizar
teach [tich ] teaches [tíchis ] enseñar
use [ius ] uses [iúsis ] usar
wash [uash ] washes [uáshis ] lavar

UNIDAD L0.

37-Expresar incertidumbre o duda.

* What time does the shop close ?

- I'm not sure. I think it closes at nine.
I'm not too sure. Sorry.
* Thanks anyway.
........................................................
* Excuse me, what are the hours of the shop?
- I don't know exactly. Sorry.
* That's OK.

Otras formas:

- Could be. [kud bi ] Pudiera ser.

- I can't decide. [ai kent disáid ] No me decido.
- I can't make up my mind [méikop mai maind] No puedo decidirme.
- I couldn't say. [ai kúdent sei ] No podría decir.
- I don't know. [ai dount nou ] No se.
- I'm not really sure. [.. nat ríli shur ] No estoy seguro.
- I'm not too sure. [aim nat tuu shur ] No estoy muy seguro.
- It's possible. [ its pásibel ] Es posible.
- Maybe... [méibi ] Puede ser.
- Perhaps... [perjáps ] Quizás.

22
38-Expresar certeza.

* What are the hours of the post office, please ?

- The post office is open from 8.00 am to 6.00 pm.
* Are you sure?
- Of course, I am.
* Is it open on Sundays too?
- On Sunday it's open in the morning only.
* Thank you for your information.
- You're welcome, sir.

Otras formas:

- Certainly. [sértenli ] Ciertamente

- I'm absolutely sure. [ábselutli shur ] Absolutamente seguro.
- I'm fairly sure. [aim férli shur ] Estoy bastante seguro.
- I've got no doubt. [gat nou daubt ] No tengo dudas.
- It's quite certain. [kuait sérten ] Es cierto.
- That's obvious. [dats ábvies ] Eso es obvio.
- Yes, really. [ies ríli ] Sí, realmente.
- You can be sure. [iu ken bi shur ] Puede estar seguro.
- You can bet [iu ken bet ] Puedes apostar.

39-Rectificar a una persona.

* Your telephone number is 2-0-4-4-5, isn't it ?

- No, you're wrong. My telephone number is 2-0-4-5-4.

Nota: En inglés el número del teléfono se dice uno por uno. Así el número anterior se dice: two-oh-four-
five-four.

Otras formas:

- I'm afraid you're not right. Me temo que no tiene razón.

- I'm afraid you're wrong. Me temo que está equivocado.
- No, it isn't (actually). No, realmente no lo es.
- I think you're wrong. Creo que está equivocado.

23
40-Preguntar y decir si alguien conoce sobre algo.

* What do you know about Chemistry?

- Actually, I don't know very much about Chemistry. Why?
* I have a test tomorrow and I need to study, but I have some doubts.
- Sorry, but I can't help you. You better ask somebody else.
* Yes. Thanks anyway.

Otras formas:

- Do you happen to know...? ¿ Por casualidad usted sabe...?

- Have you heard about... ¿ Has oido acerca de....?
- Have you got any idea about...? ¿ Tienes alguna idea acerca...?

SEGUNDO TRABAJO DE CONTROL

UNIDAD 11.

41-Preguntar por preferencias. Expresar gustos y aversiones.

Sobre comidas:

* What do you prefer, fish or seafood?

- Actually, I like neither fish nor seafood.
I can't stand them.
* What kind of food do you prefer?
- I prefer beef. In fact, I like beef very much.
What about you?
* Well, I like beef too.

Otras formas para preguntar:

- Which is your favorite food? ¿Cuál es tu comida favorita?

- Don't you like coleslaw.? ¿No te gusta la ensalada de col?

Otras formas:

- I don't think I'd like it. Creo que no me gustaría.

- I enjoy... Me gusta...
- I love... Me encanta...
- I'm afraid I don't like ... Creo que no me gusta.
- I'm fond of... Soy aficionado a...
- It's wonderful. Es maravilloso.
- Oh, how awful! !Ah que malo¡
- What I enjoy more is... Lo que más me gusta es...
- I'm very keen on... Soy muy aficionado a...
- I hate.. Odio...
- I can't bear... No aguanto...

Sobre películas:

* What kind of films do you like, Richard?

- I like action films. What about you ?
* Well, I like all kind of films, except musicals.
24
Otros tipos de películas:

- Cartoons. [kartúns ] Dibujos animados.

- Comedies. [kámedis ] Comedias.
- Comics. [kámiks ] Tira cómica.
- Disaster. [disáster ] Desastres.
- Epic films. [épik films ] Filmes épicos
- Historic films. [jistárik ] Históricos.
- Horror. [járer ] De horror.
- Love story [lov ] De amor.
- Police story. [pelís stóri ] Policiaco.
- Romantic films. [roumántik ] Romántico.
- Science-fiction. [sáiens fíkshen ] Ciencia-ficción.
- War films. [uor films ] De guerra.
- Westerns. [uésterns ] Del oeste.

+ Sobre deportes:
- Do you like sports, Tony?
* Yes, I love baseball. What about you?
- I like tennis.
* Do you practice it?
- Not really, I only like to see it.

Otros deportes:

- Athletics. [azlétiks ] Atletismo.

- Basketball. [báskitbol ] Baloncesto.
- Bowling. [bóuling ] Bolos.
- Boxing. [báksing ] Boxeo.
- Fencing. [fénsing ] Esgrima.
- Football. [fútbol ] Balompié.

- Golf. [galf ] Golf.

- Gymnastics. [yimnástiks ] Gimnasia.
- Handball. [jándbol ] Balonmano.
- Hockey. [jáki ] Hockey.
- Horse racing. [jors réising ] Carrera de caballos.
- Ice hockey. [ais jáki ] Hockey sobre hielo.
- Ice skating. [ais skéiting ] Patinaje sobre hielo.
- Judo. [yúdou ] Judo.
- Softball. [sóftbol ] Softbol.
- Swimming. [suíming ] Natación.
- Table tennis. [téibel ténis ] Tenis de mesa.
- Volleyball. [válibol ] Volibol.
- Water polo. [uóter póulou ] Polo Acuático.
- Wrestling. [résling ] Lucha.

42-Tomar y ordenar el pedido en el restaurante. Ofertar.

HW: Good afternoon. Welcome to our restaurant. Would you like to have lunch?
T1: Yes.
25
HW: May I have your guest card, please?
T1: Sure, here you are.
HW: How many persons?
T1: Two persons.
HW: Follow me, please... Do you like this table?
T1: Yes, that's OK, thanks.
HW: Here's the menu.
T2: What's on the menu, honey?
T1: There's shrimp cocktail and juice as an appetizer.
T2: What about the main dish?
T1: There's shrimp creole, fish filet, blue crab and lobster with sauce.
T2: Remember I want mashed potatoes.
T1: Mashed potatoes with what?
T2: It doesn't matter with what. I just want mashed potatoes.
T1: Let's order grilled filet of fish and mashed potatoes.
T2: I want lobster... and I want to try the rice with seafood. I think they call it “paella”.
T1: What about dessert? We can have ice-cream or custard. They also have bread pudding and French pastry.
HW: May I take your order now?
T1: Yes, we'd like two orange juices, then we'll have two fish chowders.
HW: And what would you like as a main dish?
T2: I'd like rice with seafood. I mean paella and grilled filet of fish with mashed potatoes.
T1: What goes with the lobster?
HW: Excuse me?
T1: Does the lobster come with a vegetable?
HW: Yes, it does. It comes with carrots or if you'd like, French fries.
T1: Then I'll take the lobster and the French fries.
HW: Would you like salad? We have a lettuce and tomato salad, cucumber, mixed salad and coleslaw.
T2: We'll take coleslaw and tomato salad.
HW: Just one?
T2: Yes, just one.
T1: Remember, I want chocolate ice-cream.
T2: We'll order that afterwards.
HW: What would you like to drink? We have red and white wine, Cuban beers, light and dark.
T2: I'll have a beer.I found the dark beer very good. What would you like?
T1: I'll have one, too.
HW: I'll bring everything right away. Here you are. Enjoy your meal.
T1: Thanks.
HW: Anything else?
T1: Would you care for anything else, darling?
T2: No, I don't care for anything else.
T1: Neither do I. Could we have the check, please?
HW: Yes, of course, right now.

Otras formas para tomar el pedido:

- May I take your order now? ¿Puedo tomar el pedido ahora?

- Are you ready to order? ¿Está listo para ordenar?
- What would you like to have? ¿Qué desea ordenar?

Otras formas para ordenar un pedido:

- Bring me some lamb, please. Tráigame cordero, por favor.

- Have you got any tomato salad? ¿Tiene ensalada de tomate?
- I want roast pork. Deseo lechón asado.
- I'd like some chicken, please. Quisiera pollo, por favor.
26
- I'll have seafood, please. Quiero marisco.
- Lobster for me, please. Langosta para mi, por favor.

Nota: Para otras opciones en el restaurante ver Anexo No. 6

43-Dar opiniones.

En el restaurante:

* What do you think about the food?

- I think it was very good.
* And what's your opinion about the service?
- I guess it was excellent.

Otras formas:

- The chicken was tasteless. El pollo estaba desabrido.

- The lamb had a funny taste. El cordero tenía un gusto raro.
- The soup was salty. La sopa estaba salada.
- The steak was rough. El bisté estaba correoso.

En el cine:
* Did you like the movie, Mariam?
- I think it was O.K.
* What about you Jim?
+ Frankly, I think it was boring.
* Do you think so, Betty?
- Well, I think it was funny after all.

Otras formas
- Fantastic. [fantástik ] Fastástica.
- From my point of view... [...póintev viú ] Desde mi punto de vista.
- I believe... [ia bilív ] Yo creo...
- I guess... [ai ges ] Yo me imagino...
- I just like to say... [... laik tu sei ] Quisiera decir...
- I must say... [ai most sei ] Debo decir...
- I think... [ai zink ] Yo pienso...
- In my opinion... [in mai opínien ] En mi opinión.
- It was good. [it uas gud ] Fue buena.
- It was great. [...greit ] Estaba excelente.
- It was too long. [it uas tuu long ] Fue muy larga.
- It wasn't any good. [ituasnt éni gud ] No estuvo nada buena.
- Terrific [terífik ] Bárbara.

44-Hablar sobre el tiempo.

* What's the weather like in your country?

- It's rather cold. In winter, it snows and the days are cold and windy. In spring, it's always warm and it rains
sometimes.
* What's it like in summer?
27
- June, July and August are summer months. They're rather hot, but, of course, not so hot like here, in Cuba.
The sun shines most of the time.
* Is it hot in autumm, too?
- Well, in September and October, it's always warm. November is rather cold and sometimes it rains and
snows.

* What season do you prefer?

- I like spring and autumn. The weather's very pleasant. I don't like winter at all because the days are very
cold and short.
What's the weather like in Cuba?
* Oh, Cuba is an endless summer.

Otros estados del tiempo:

- cloudy. [kláudi ] nublado.

- cool. [kul ] fresco.
- foggy. [fógi ] neblinoso.
- rainy. [réini ] lluvioso.
- stormy. [stórmi ] tempestuoso.
- sunny. [sóni ] soleado.
- drizzly [drísli ] lloviznoso.

Nota: Ver Anexo No. 2 para las estaciones del año

UNIDAD L2.

45-Preguntar y sugerir qué hacer.

* Do you want to go to the movies ?

- No, I don't want to go to the movies.
I prefer to go to a restaurant.
* Would you like to go to a French restaurant ?
- No, I'd like to go to an Italian restaurant .
- Well, let's go then.

Otras formas de preguntar y sugerir:

- How about..? ¿Que te parece....?

- What about going to...? ¿Que te parece ir a...?
- Do you wish to go to...? ¿Deseas ir a...?
- We might... Podríamos...
- We could go to... Pudiéramos ir a...

46-Decir qué desea y no desea hacer.

* I don't want to go to the beach tomorrow .

- Frankly, I don't feel like going either.
I prefer to stay home and rest this weekend.
* I think we could go out for dinner tonight.
What do you think?
- Good idea! Let's go.
.......................................................
* Betty, I have two tickets for a concert.
Would you like to go?
- What time is the concert?
* It's at eight-thirty.
28
- OK. Great!

Otras formas:

- I believe... Yo creo...
- I guess... Supongo
- I have to work. Tengo que trabajar.
- I think it's too late. Creo que es muy tarde.
- I'd like to. Me gustaría.
- I'd love to. Me encantaría.
- I'm sleepy. Tengo sueño.
- I'm tired. Estoy cansado.
- I'm too busy. Estoy muy ocupado.
- Marvellous! ¡Maravilloso!
- Perhaps some other time. Quizás en otra oportunidad.
- Wonderful! !Formidable¡

47-Preguntar si está de acuerdo o no con algo o alguien.

* Guardalavaca beach is really beautiful, isn't it?

- Oh, yes. It really is, but people prefer Pesquero beach.
Don't you agree?
* I don't think so. I prefer Guardalavaca.

Otras formas de preguntar si esta de acuerdo

- Do you agree? ¿Estás de acuerdo?

- Don't you think so? ¿No piensas eso?
- What's your opinion? ¿Cuál es tu opinión?
- What do you think about...? ¿Qué tu piensas sobre...?
- What do you feel about.. ¿Qué piensas de...?

Otras formas de decir si está de acuerdo o no.

- Actually, I think... Realmente pienso...

- I agree entirely. Estoy enteramente de acuerdo
- I don't think that's right. Creo que eso no está bién.
- I think so, too. Creo eso también.
- Oh, I'm not too sure. Oh, no estoy muy seguro.
- That's no the way I see it. No lo veo de esa forma.
- That's what I think. Eso es lo que pienso.
- Yes, but on the other hand... Si, pero por otra parte...
- I agree with you. Estoy de acuerdo contigo.
- I think so too. Pienso eso también.

48-Responder a una solicitud.

* Excuse me, can you give me a brochure about Varadero?

- Sure, here you are. Anything else?
* Do you have Cuban maps available?
- I'm sorry, sir. We don't have any left.
* Thanks anyway.
29
UNIDAD 13.

49-Hablar sobre un hecho que ocurrió en el pasado.

* Where were you last week ?

- I was at the beach. What about you ?
* I was in the country at my mother's.
- Did you enjoy your vacation ?
* Yes, I enjoyed it very much.
- What did you do there ?
* I rode on horseback, made a campfire, sang songs and danced.

Nota: Como puede observar en los ejemplos del diálogo, el pasado de los verbos regulares se forma
agregándole al verbo la terminación ed. (Anexo No.4). Para los verbos irregulares ver Anexo No.5.
Para las formas interrogativas se utiliza el auxiliar did al inicio de la oración, con el verbo en presente. Para el
negativo se utiliza generalmente la forma contractada didn't.
Ejemplos:

-Did you go to the movies last night?

* Yes, I did.
-Did your girlfriend go too?
* No, she didn`t.

Otras formas:

- Did you go to...last weekend? ¿Fuiste a...el fin de semana?

- Were you at home last night? ¿Estabas en casa anoche?
- What did you do yesterday? ¿Qué hiciste ayer?

50-Pedir y dar razones acerca de algo.

* Do you like your job ?

- Yes, I do.
* Why do you like it?
- Because I feel happy in my job and my co-workers are friendly.
.......................................................
* You didn't eat your meal. Why ?
- Because it was too salty and tasteless.
.......................................................
* Why didn't you come to school yesterday?
- Because I was sick.
......................................................
* Why didn't you go to the party?
- Because I didn't have money.

Otras formas:

- Let me explain, you see... Déjame explicarte, tu ves...

- The reason was that... El motivo fue que....
- Well, you see... Bueno, mira...
- You know, the matter is... Tu sabes, la cuestión es...

UNIDAD 14.
30
51-Preguntar y hablar sobre el pasado y el presente.

* Why didn't you come to work yesterday? What happened ?

- Well. I was sick, I had fever and headache.
* Did you see the doctor ?
- Yes, I went to see the doctor. He told me to stay in bed and take some aspirins.
* How do you feel today ?
- I'm better now.

52-Describir sus experiencias en la escuela, antes de trabajar.

Hablar de otros trabajos anteriores.

* When did you start studying and where ?

- I started school when I was six. I went to a primary school near my house. I began the secondary school
at the age of twelve and finished when I was sixteen. When I was seventeen I went to study at a
polytechnical school. My first job was in a factory as a mechanic, but I didn't like it because it was too dirty
and the pay was very bad.
* What happened then ?
- I changed my job and started working in this hotel.

UNIDAD 15.

53-Describir lo que una persona hizo ayer, unos días atrás.

* What did you do yesterday Peter?

- I went to the baseball game. Later,
I drank some beer and played dominoes.
What about you ? What did you do?
* Oh, nothing special. I stayed home and watched TV.
- Did you see the film?
* Yes, I saw it.
- Did you like it?
* Well, it wasn't bad.

TERCER TRABAJO DE CONTROL

UNIDAD 16.

54-Preguntar y decir si alguien está temeroso o preocupado.

* You don't look well. What's the matter with you?

- Well, I'm all right, but I'm worried about my English test.
* Worried about the English test? Why? I think you're the best student in class.
* Well, to tell you the truth, I always have problems with the listening comprehension. It's hard to me to
understand the dialogues.
- Well, that happens to me too, but I'm not worried about that.
You know what? My problem is that I'm afraid of talking.

Otras formas:
31
- You look upset. [iu luk opsét ] Pareces indispuesto.
- Is anything wrong? [is énizing rong ] ¿Algún problema?
- You seem depressed. [iu sim diprést ] Te ves deprimido.
- Is something wrong? [is somzing rong ] ¿Hay algún problema?
- You seem nervous. [iu sim nérves ] Te ves nervioso.
- Are you O.K.? [ar iu oukéi ] ¿Estás bien?

55- Calmar a alguien.

* Hey Tom, you look worried. Is something wrong?

- Well, I'm worried about Martha. She didn't go to the party last night. She didn't call me either. Maybe she's
sick or had a problem at home. I called her up, but nobody answered.
* Come on, take it easy. Perhaps she was tired or had to take care of her daughter.
- Yes, I think you're right.
* Why don't you try to call her again?
- Yes, that's what I'll do. Thanks, Miriam.
* See you later, Tom.

Otras formas:
- Calm down. !Cálmate¡
- Cheer up !Anímate¡
- Don't worry. No te preocupes.
- I assure you... Te aseguro que...
- It must be nothing serious. No debe ser nada serio.
- Relax. !Relájate¡
- There's nothing to worry about. No hay por qué preocuparse.
- You shouldn't be nervous. No debes ponerte nervioso.

56-Hablar sobre algo que ocurrirá en el futuro.

* What are you going to do tomorrow ?

- I'm going to work in the morning.
In the afternoon, I'm going to
have a meeting and in the evening,
I'm going to stay home.
What about you?
* Well, I don't know what to do. Maybe I'll go to the movies or somewhere else. You know, a friend
invited me to a party, but I don't know what to do.
- Well, see you around.
* Bye, John.

Nota: En inglés el futuro se forma, principalmente, de dos maneras diferentes: una es utilizando, como en
los ejemplos arriba indicados, la forma going to y la otra el auxiliar will delante del verbo de que se trate.
Ejemplos:

- I will go (I'll go)to the party if she invites me.

Cuando se utiliza en la forma interrogativa, se invierte el orden del auxiliar. Ej.

* Will you go to the movies tonight?

32
-Yes, I will

Nota: El negativo de will es will not (won't)

57-Especular sobre el futuro.

* When are you going to Havana ?

- Probably next week.

* Are you going by bus ?

- No, I think by plane.
* How long are you staying there ?
- I don't know exactly. I made a reservation for a week, but it depends. In fact,
I guess I'll need one more week.
* Do you have any relatives there?
- Yes, I have some uncles, aunts and cousins.
* Well, have a nice trip.
- Thanks.
........................................................
* I want to invite Mary to go to the movies.
Do you think she will go?
- Well, if you are going to invite her, I think you should first call her up.
* Yes, that's right. I'm going to call her up first, to see if she is free tonight. Thanks.
- Are you going anywhere later ?
* I don't know. I think we could go to a restaurant or to a night club.
- Well, good luck.
* Thanks.

UNIDAD 17.

58-Hablar sobre intenciones y planes futuros.

* Well, Mike, it's the New Year's Eve. Do you have any plans for the future ?
- Well, next year I intend to make a trip to Germany.
I'm going to see my brother. He got married there and he invited me to spend my vacations together. What
about you?
* Next year, I hope to work in Havana.
- Really? Do you have some relatives there ?
* Yes, all my family lives in Old Havana. So I'm definitely going to live there.
- Where are you planning to work?
* Well, I think in a hotel by the beach.

59-Decir que algo es posible o probable.

* Where are you going to spend your vacations ?

- Possibly, I'll go to the country.
* How long are you going to stay there ?
- I'm not sure. Probably a week, perhaps more, it depends.
* What about you ?
33
- I don't know, I think I'll go see my mother in Santiago.

Otras formas:

- Could be. [kud bi ] Pudiera ser.

- It would be possible. [itudbi pásebl ] Sería posible.
- It`s probable. [its prábebl ] Es probable.
- Maybe. [méibi ] Puede ser.
- Possibly. [pásebli ] Posiblemente.

UNIDAD 18.

60-Expresar necesidad, obligación.

* Listen. I'm going camping this weekend. Do you want to join me?
- I would like to go, but I have to work on Saturday and on Sunday, too. I have a lot of work to do and I
need to finish as soon as possible.
* Well, maybe some other time.
- Yes, sure. Thanks anyway.

Otras formas:

- You don`t feel very well. I think you should see the doctor.
- I have so many things to do, that I have to work this Sunday.
- We have a meeting at seven. You must be here on time, OK?

Nota 1: Have to y must indican obligación. Should expresa obligacion moral. También en lugar de should
se puede utiilizar el verbo ought to. Need expresa necesidad.

Observe que después de must y should se omite la partícula to para expresar el infinitivo del verbo que les
precede en los ejemplos señalados.

Nota 2: Los verbos must y ought to son invariables, por lo que no tienen ni pasado ni futuro.

61-Pedir y dar instrucciones.

* I don't know how this tape-recorder works .

- Let me show you. First, of course, put the cassette in the recorder then put the recorder on, and press the
"play" button. That's easy. Isn't it?
Let me see... Firt I put the cassette in the recorder, then I turn the tape-recorder on. Is it OK.?
- Yes, that's right.
* One more question: How can I record?
- Well, press the record and the play buttons at the same time.
* Thanks a lot.
- Don't mention it.

34
Otras formas:

- After that... [áfter dat ] Después de eso...

- At the end... [at di end ] Al final...
- Cut. [kot ] Corta.
- Finally... [fáineli ] Finalmente.
- It`s like this... [its laik dis ] Es de esta forma...
- Later... [léiter ] Más tarde...
- Let me show you. [ letmi shou iu ] Déjame enseñarte.
- Lift and push... [ ift end push ] Levanta y aprieta.
- Press [pres ] Presiona...
- Take... [teik ] Coge...
- This is how to do i [jau tu du it ] Así es cómo se hace.
- Turn off... [tern of ] Apaga...
- Turn on... [tern on ] Enciende...

62-Preguntar y dar direcciones.

* Excuse me, could you tell me where the supermarket is, please?
- Sure. Go straight ahead for two blocks, then turn right the supermarket is on the left.
* Thank you very much.
- You're welcome.
..................................................................
* Do you know where the drug store is, please?
- Well, walk to the corner and turn left. At the end of the second block is the drug store. You can see the
neon sign in front of the building.
- Please, where is the bus station?
* Down the street, near the hospital.
- Is that near here ?
* Yes, only two blocks far.
- Thank you very much.
* You're welcome.
- Can you tell me the way to go to the beach, please?
* Sure. On the corner of the park turn left, then walk 'till the end of the street and turn right. That's the road
to the beach.
- Thank you.
* Enjoy yourselves.
.............................................................
- Do you happen to know where the manager's office is, please?
* Yes, go upstairs and turn right. At the end of the hall is the manager's office.
- Thanks a lot.
* Don't mention it.
..........................................................
- Excuse me, how can I get to the library, please?
* That way, in front of the gas station.
- Thanks.
..........................................................
- Excuse me, is there a telephone booth around here?
* Yes, it`s next to the post office.
- Good. Thank you.
* You're welcome, sir.
...........................................................
35
* Good morning sir. Could you show me the way to get to the bank, please?
- Sure. Go to the corner and turn right. The bank is on the left. Behind the post office.
...........................................................
* Excuse me, is the hospital near here?
- Yes. Do you see that four-story building at the end of the street?
* That big one?
- Yes. That's the hospital.
* Oh, thank you very much.
- You are welcome.

PRUEBA FINAL

ANEXOS

Anexo No.1
Numbers [nómbers ] Números
zero [sírou ] cero
one [uan ] uno
two [tu ] dos
three [zri ] tres
four [four ] cuatro
five [faiv ] cinco
six [siks ] seis
seven [séven ] siete
eight [eit ] ocho
nine [nain ] nueve
ten [ten ] diez
eleven [iléven ] once
twelve [tuélv ] doce
thirteen [zertín ] trece
fourteen [fourtín ] catorce
fifteen [fiftín ] quince
sixteen [sikstín ] dieciséis
seventeen [seventín ] diecisiete
eighteen [eitín ] dieciocho
nineteen [naintín ] diecinueve
twenty [tuénti ] veinte
thirty [zérti ] treinta
forty [fórti ] cuarenta
fifty [fífti ] cincuenta
sixty [síksti ] sesenta
seventy [séventi ] setenta
eighty [éiti ] ochenta
ninety [náinti ] noventa
one hundred [uan jóndred ] cien
one hundred and one [...end uan ] ciento uno
one thousand [uan záusand ] mil
one thousand and one [... end una ] mil uno
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Anexo No.2

a) Months of the year [monzs ov de iar] Meses del año:

36
 January [yániueri ] enero
February [fébrueri ] febrero
March [march ] marzo
April [éipril ] abril
May [mei ] mayo
June [yun ] junio
July [yulái ] julio
August [ógost ] agosto
September [septémber ] septiembre
October [aktóuber ] octubre
November [nouvémber ] noviembre
December [disémber ] diciembre

b) Days of the week [deis ev de uik] Días de la semana

Sunday [sóndi ] domingo

Monday [móndi ] lunes
Tuesday [tiúsdi ] martes
Wednesday [uénsdi ] miércoles
Thursday [zérsdi ] jueves
Friday [fráidi ] viernes
Saturday [sáterdi ] sábado

Nota: Los días de la semana y los meses se escriben con mayúscula.

c) Seasons [sísons ] Estaciones:

winter [uínter ] invierno
spring [spring ] primavera
summer [sómer ] verano
autumn [ótom ] otoño

d) Alphabet: [álfebet ] Alfabeto:

a [ei ] b [bi ] c [si ] d [di ] e [i ] f [ef ]

g [yi ] h [éich] i [ai ] j [yéi ] k [kéi] l [el ]

m [em] n [en ] o [ou ] p [pi ] q [kiu] r [ar ]

s [es ] t [ ti ] u [iu ] v [vi ] w [dóbel iu] x [eks]

y [uái] z [zi ] (l)

(1) El sonido de esta letra, aunque se representa con la -z, es similar al sonido que produce una abeja al volar.
En la pronunciación figurada de este folleto, para evitar confusiones, lo representamos con la letra -s.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Anexo No.3

PUESTOS DE TRABAJO EN EL HOTEL

- Bartender [bártender ] Cantinero/a.

- Bellboy/Porter [bélboi/pórter ] Maletero.
- Bus driver [bos dráiver ] Chofer de ómnibus.
37
 - Cashier [kashír ] Cajero.
- Chambermaid [chéimberméid ] Camarera.
- Chef [chef ] J. de cocina.
- Cook [kuk ] Cocinero.
- Cook helper [kuk jélper ] Ayudante de cocina.
- Customer's Services [kóstemers... ] Relaciones públicas.
- Desk clerk [désklerk ] Carpetero.
- Disc Jockey [disk yáki ] Operador de audio.
- Entertainer [entertéiner ] Animador.
- Gardemanger [gardemanyéi ] Lunchero.
- Head waiter [jed ueiter ] J. de salón(m).
- Head waitress [jed ueitris ] J. de salón(f).
- Housekeeper [jáuskíper ] Ama de llaves.
- Maitre d'hotel [méiter dotél ] Jefe de restaurante.
- Manager [máneyer ] Gerente.
- Office clerk [ófis klerk ] Empleado de oficina.
- Pastry cook [péistri kuk ] Cocinero repostero.
- Pasty cook [pasti kuk ] Cocinero de pastas
- Personnel manager [pérsenél... ] J. de Personal.
- Receptionist [risépshenist ] Carpetero.
- Sales person [seils pérsen ] Depte. de tienda.
- Salesman [séilsmen ] Dependiente, vendedor
- Saleswoman [séils umen ] Dependienta, vendedora
- Security guard [sekiúriti gard ] Custodio.
- Supervisor [súperváiser ] Supervisor/a.
- Taxi driver [táxi dráiver ] Taxista.
- Swichtboard operator [suitchbourd...] Telefonista.
- Waiter [ueiter ] Dpte. de salón(m).
- Waitress [ueitris ] Dpte. de salón(f).
- Warehouse-man [uérjáus man ] Almacenero.
---------------------------------------------------------------------

LUGARES DENTRO DEL HOTEL

- Barber Shop [bárber shap ] Barbería

- Beauty Parlor [biúti párler ] Salón de Belleza
- Book store [buk ] Librería
- Cafeteria [cáfetírie ] Cafetería
- Car-rental [kar réntel ] Alquiler de autos
- Conference Hall [kánferens jol ] Salón de conferencias
- Dining-room [dáining rum ] Comedor
- Elevators [elivéiters ] Elevadores
- Game room [geim rum ] Sala de juegos
- Gift shop [gift shap ] Tienda de regalos
- Grill [gril ] Parrillada

- Ice Cream Parlor [áiskrim párler ] Cremería

- Infirmary [inférmeri ] Enfermería
- Laundry [lóndri ] Lavandería
- Lobby [lábi ] Vestíbulo
- Manager's Office [máneyers ófis ] Ofic.del gerente
- Massage room [masách rum ] Sala de masajes.
- Parking Lot [párking lat ] Parqueo
38
 - Pharmacy [fármesi ] Farmacia
- Post Office [poust ófis ] Ofic. de correos
- Reception [risépshen ] Recepción
- Restaurant [résterent ] Restaurante
- Shop [shap ] Tienda
- Snack Bar [snak bar ] Bar-cafetería
- Swimming pool [suíming pul ] Piscina
- Taxi Stand [táksi stand ] Piquera de taxi
- Toilets [tóilits ] Baños
- Tourism Bureau [túrism bíurou ] Buró de turismo

Anexo No.4

VERBOS REGULARES
Los verbos regulares en inglés son aquellos que forman el pasado y pasado participio añadiéndole la
terminación ed.Esta terminación se pronuncia [t] si el verbo termina en:
p, k, f, s, ch, sh. Se pronuncia [d] si termina en b, g, l, m, n,
r, v, w, z. Se pronuncia [id] si termina en t o d.

Presente Pasado P.P Significado

[d]
Agree [egrí ] Agreed [egríd ] Estar de acuerdo
Answer [ánser ] Answered [ánserd ] Responder
Arrive [eráiv ] Arrived [eráivd ] Arribar
Believe [bilív ] Believed [bilívd ] Creer
Belong [bilóng ] belonged [bilóngd ] Pertenecer
Burn [bern ] Burned [bernd ] Quemar
Call [kol ] Called [kold ] Llamar
Call up [kól op ] Called up [koldop ] Llamar por teléfono.
Carry [kári ] Carried [kárid ] Llevar
Cry [krai ] Cried [kráid ] Gritar
Dial [dáiel ] Dialed [dáield ] Discar
Die [dai ] Died [daid ] Morir
Earn [ern ] Earned [ernd ] Ganar
Enjoy [inyói ] Enjoyed [inyóid ] Gozar
Excuse [ikskíus ] Excused [ikskíusd ] Excusar
Follow [fálou ] Fallowed [fáloud ] Seguir
Guess [ges ] Guessed [gest ] Creer
Happen [jápen ] Happened [jápend ] Sucede
Hurry [jéri ] Hurried [jérid ] Apurarse
Join [yoin ] Joined [yoind ] Unirse, juntarse
Kill [kil ] Killed [kild ] Matar
Listen [lísen ] Listened [lísend ] Escuchar
Live [liv ] Lived [livd ] Vivir
Love [lov ] Loved [lovd ] Amar, querer
Marry [mári ] Married [márid ] Casarse

Move [muv ] Moved [muvd ] Mover, mudarse

Open [oupen ] Opened [oupend ] Abrir
Order [órder ] Ordered [órderd ] Ordenar
Own [oun ] Owned [ound ] Poseer
Phone [foun ] Phoned [found ] Telefonea
Play [plei ] Played [pleid ] Jugar
Prefer [prifér ] Prefered [priférd ] Preferir
39
 Rain [rein ] Rained [reind ] Llover
Remember[rimémber] Remembered [rimémberd] Recordar
Reserve [risérv ] Reserved [risérvd ] Reservar
Shave [sheiv ] Shaved [sheivd ] Afeitar
Show [shou ] Showed [shoud ] Demostrar
Smile [smail ] Smiled [smaild ] Sonreír
Snow [snou ] Snowed [snoud ] Nevar
Spell [spel ] Spelled [speld ] Deletrear
Stay [stei ] Stayed [steid ] Permanecer
Study [stódi ] Studied [stódid ] Estudiar
Turn [tern ] Turned [ternd ] Doblar
Use [ius ] Used [iusd ] Usar
[t]
Ask [ask ] Asked [askt ] Preguntar
Cook [kuk ] Cooked [kukt ] Cocinar
Cross [kras ] Crossed [krast ] Cruzar
Dance [dans ] Danced [danst ] Bailar
Finish [fínish ] Finished [fínisht ] Terminar
Help [jelp ] Helped [jelpt ] Ayudar
Hope [joup ] Hoped [joupt ] Esperar
Knock [nak ] Knocked [nakt ] Tocar, llamar
Like [laik ] Liked [laikt ] Gustar
Look [luk ] Looked [lukt ] Mirar
Practice [práktis ] Practiced [práktist ] Practicar
Press [pres ] Pressed [prest ] Apretar
Smoke [smouk ] Smoked [smoukt ] Fumar
Stop [stap ] Stopped [stapt ] Parar
Talk [tok ] Talked [tokt ] Conversar
Touch [toch ] Touched [tocht ] Tocar
Walk [uók ] Walked [uókt ] Caminar
Wash [uash ] Washed [uasht ] Lavar
Watch [uach ] Watched [uacht ] Observar
Wish [uish ] Wished [uisht ] Desear
Work [uerk ] Worked [uerkt ] Trabajar
[id]
Arrest [erést ] Arrested [eréstid ] Arrestar
Intend [inténd ] Intended [inténdid ] Intentar
Invite [inváit ] Invited [inváitid ] Invitar
Locate [loukéit ] Located [loukéitid] Localizar
Need [nid ] Needed [nídid ] Necesitar
Record [rikórd ] Recorded [rikórdid ] Grabar
Start [start ] Started [stártid ] Comenzar
Visit [vísit ] Visited [vísitid ] Visitar
Wait [ueit ] Waited [uéitid ] Esperar
Want [uant ] Wanted [uántid ] Querer
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Anexo No.5
LISTADO DE VERBOS IRREGULARES

Los verbos irregulares son aquellos cuyo pasado y/o pasado participio no toman la terminación ed.

Presente Pasado P.Participio Signif.

40
Break [breik] Broke [brouk] Broken [bróuken] Romper
Speak [spik ] Spoke [spouk] Spoken [spóuken] Hablar
Steal [stil ] Stole [stoul] Stolen [stóulen ] Robar
Wake [ueik ] Woke [uouk ] Waken [uéiken ] Despertar
Bring [brin ] Brought [brot ] Brought [brot ] Traer
Buy [bái ] Bought [bot ] Bought [bot ] Comprar
Catch [kach ] Caught [kot ] Caught [kot ] Coger
Teach [tich ] Taught [tot ] Taught [tot ] Enseñar
Think [zink ] Thought [zot ] Thought [zot ] Pensar
Begin [bigín] Began [bigán] Begun [bigón ] Comenzar

Drink [drink] Drank [drank] Drunk [dronk ] Beber

Ring [ring ] Rang [rang ] Rung [rong ] Sonar
Run [ron ] Ran [ran ] Run [ron ] Correr
Sing [sing ] Sang [sang ] Sung [song ] Cantar
Swim [suim ] Swam [suam ] Swum [suom ] Nadar
Drive [draiv ] Drove [drouv] Driven [dríven ] Conducir
Eat [it ] Ate [eit ] Eaten [íten ] Comer
Give [giv ] Gave [geiv ] Given [gíven ] Dar
Ride [raid ] Rode [roud ] Ridden [ríden ] Cabalgar
Write [rait ] Wrote [rout ] Written [ríten ] Escribir
Feel [fil ] Felt [felt ] Felt [felt ] Sentir
Keep [kip] Kept [kept ] Kept [kept] Mantener
Leave [liv ] Left [left ] Left [left ] Marcharse
Mean [min] Meant[ment ] Meant [ment] Querer decir
Meet [mit ] Met [met ] Met [met ] Conocer
Sleep [slip] Slept [slept] Slept [slept] Dormir
Spell [spel] Spelt [spelt] Spelt [spelt] Deletrear
Spend [spend] Spent [spent] Spent [spent] Gastar
Sweep[suip] Swept[suept] Swept [suept] Barrer
Hear [jir ] Heard[jerd ] Heard [jerd ] Oir
Read [rid ] Read [red ] Read [red] Leer
Say [sei ] Said [sed ] Said [sed] Decir
Find [faind] Found [faund] Found [faund] Encontrar
Fly [flai ] Flew [flu] Flown [floun ] Volar
Grind [graind] Ground[graund] Ground [graund] Moler
Know [nou ] Knew [niu] Known [noun ] Saber,
Wind [uaind] Wound [uand ] Wound [uaund] Dar cuerda (reloj)
Have [hav ] Had [jad ] Had [jad ] Haber, tener
Has [jas ] Had [jad ] Had [jad ] Haber, tener
Hang [jang ] Hung [jong ] Hung [jong ] Colgar
Lend [lend ] Lent [lent ] Lent [lent ] Prestar
Make [meik ] Made [meid ] Made [meid] Hacer
Pay [pei ] Paid [peid ] Paid [peid ] Pagar
Try [trai ] Tried [traid] Tried [traid] Probar, tratar

Shine [shain] Shone [shoun] Shone [shoun] Brillar

Cost [kost ] Cost [kost ] Cost [kost] Costar
Get [get ] Got [gat ] Got [gat ] Conseguir
Let [let ] Let [let ] Let [let ] Permitir
Put [put ] Put [put ] Put [put ] Poner
Shut [Shot ] Shut [shot ] Shut [shot ] Cerrar
Sit [sit ] Sat [sat ] Sat [sat ] Sentarse
41
Split [split] Split [split] Split [split ] Separar
Stand [stand] Stood [stud ] Stood [stud ] Pararse
Tell [tel ] Told [tould] Told [tould ] Decir
Bear [ber] Bore [bour ] Born [born ] Parir
Wear [uer] Wore [uour ] Worn [uourn] Usar
Take [teik] Took [tuk ] Taken [teiken] Coger

Am [am ] Was [uas ] Been [bin ] Ser ó Estar

Are [ar ] were [uér ] Been [bin ] " "
Is [is ] Was [uás ] Been [bin ] " "
Come [kom ] Came [keim ] Come [kom ] Venir
Do [du ] Did [did ] Done [don ] Hacer
Does [dos ] Did [did ] Done [don ] Hacer
Go [gou ] Went [uent ] Gone [gon ] Ir
Goes [gous ] Went [uent ] Gone [gon ] Ir
See [si ] Saw [so ] Seen [sin ] Ver

-----------------------------------------------------------------
Anexo No.6

Menu: [méniu ] Menú

Appetizers: [apetáisers ] Aperitivos:
Cocktails: [kaktéils ] Cocteles:
Fish chowder [fish cháuder ] Estofado de pescado
Lobster cocktail [lábster ... ] Cóctel de langosta
Shrimp cocktail [shrimp káktéil ] Cóctel de camarones
Fruit juices: [frut yúsis ] Jugos de frutas
Mango juice [mángo yus ] Jugo de mango
Orange juice [órinch yus ] Jugo de naranja
Papaya juice [pepáia yus ] Jugo de fruta bomba
Pineapple juice [painápel yus ] Jugo de piña
Tomato juice [teméitou yus ] Jugo de tomate
Fruit slices: [frut sláises ] Tajadas de frutas
Guava slices [guava sláises ] Tajadas de guayaba
Melon slices [mélon sláises ] Tajadas de melón

Main dishes: [méin díshis ] Platos principales:

Beef steak [bíf stéik ] Bisté de res

Breaded beef steak [bredid... ] Bisté de res empanado
Blue crab [blu krab ] Jaiba
Fillet of fish [filéi ev fish ] Filete de pescado
Fried chicken [fráid chíken ] Pollo frito
Grilled lobster [grild lábster ] Langosta grillé
Lobster in sauce [lábster in sos ] Langosta en salsa

Lamb fricassee [lam fricasí ] Fricasé de cordero

Rice with seasfood [rais uiz sifud ] Arroz con mariscos
Roast pork [roust pork ] Cerdo asado
Shreded jerked beef [shrédid yerkt ] Aporreado de tasajo
Shrimp creole [shrimp kriól ] Camarones a la criolla
Shrimp enchilado [shrimp... ] Enchilado de camarones
Veal stew [vil stiu ] Ternera guisada
42
Side dishes: [said díshis ] Platos secundarios:
Chicken giblets suop [..yíblits sup ] Sopa de menudo de pollo
Chicken soup [chíken sup ] Sopa de pollo
Garlic soup [gárlik sup ] Sopa de ajo
Mashed potatoes [masht potéitos ] Puré de papas
Onion soup [ónien sup ] Sopa de cebolla
Rice and beans [ráis and bíns ] Arroz con frijoles
White rice [juait rais ] Arroz blanco

Salads: [sálads ] Ensaladas:

Cabbage salad [kábich sálad ] Ensalada de col

Carrot salad [károt sálad ] Ensalada de zanahoria
Coleslaw [kóuslo ] Ensalada de col cruda
Cucumber salad [kiúkember ] Ensalada de pepino
Lettuce salad [létis sálad ] Ensalada de lechuga
Mixed salad [mikst sálad ] Ensalada mixta
Tomato salad [toméito sálad ] Ensalada de tomate
Desserts: [disérts ] Postres:
Bread pudding [bred púding ] Pudín de pan
Caramel custard [káramel kóstard ] Flan de caramelo
Chocolate pie [chóklit pai ] Pastel de chocolate
French pastry [french péistri ] Pastelería francesa
Guava shells [guáva shels ] Cascos de guayaba
Rice pudding [rais púdin ] Arroz con leche
Vanilla ice-cream [veníle áiskrim ] Helado de vainilla
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Anexo No.7

Colors: [kólors ] Colores

black [blak ] negro

blue [blu ] azul
brown [braun ] pardo, castaño
chestnut [chéstnot ] castaño
chocolate [chóklit ] chocolate
cream [krim ] crema
dark blue [dark blu ] azul oscuro
gold [gould ] dorado
green [grin ] verde
grey [grei ] gris
light blue [lait blu ] azul claro
olive [óliv ] verde olivo
orange [órinch ] anaranjado

pink [pink ] rosado

red [red ] rojo
silver [sílver ] plateado
violet [váielit ] violeta
white [juait ] blanco
43
yellow [iélou ] amarillo

Anexo No.8

Ordinal Numbers [órdinal nómbers] Números ordinales

1st. first [ferst ] primero

nd
2 . second [sékond] segundo
3rd. third [zerd ] tercero
4th. fourth [fourz ] cuarto
th
5 . fifth [fifz ] quinto
6th. sixth [siksz ] sexto
7th. seventh [sévenz ] séptimo
th
8 . eighth [eitz ] octavo
9th. ninth [nainz ] noveno
10th. tenth [tenz ] décimo
llth. eleventh [ilévenz ] undécimo
l2th. twelfth [tuelfz ] duodécimo
th
13 . thirteenth [zertínz ] decimotercero
l4th. fourteenth [fourtínz ] decimocuarto
l5th. fifteenth [fiftínz ] decimoquinto
l6th. sixteenth [sikstínz ] decimosexto
l7th. seventeenth [seventínz] ecimoséptimo
l8th. eighteenth [eitínz ] decimoctavo
l9th. nineteenth [naintínz ] decimonoveno
20th. twentieth [tuénti-iz ] vigésimo
30th. thirtieth [zérti-iz ] trigésimo
th
40 . fortieth [fórti-iz ] cuadragésimo
50th. fiftieth [fífti-iz ] quincuagésimo
60th. sixtieth [síksti-iz ] sexagésimo
th
70 . seventieth [séventi-iz ] septuagésimo
80th. eightieth [éiti-iz ] octogésimo
th
90 . ninetieth [náinti-iz ] nonagésimo
100th. one-hundredh [uan jóndredz] centésimo
101st. one-hundredth and first centésimo primero
th
1000 .one-thousandth [uan záusanz] milésimo
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Anexo No.9

The body [de bádi ] El cuerpo

head [jed ] cabeza
face [feis ] rostro,cara
eyes [ais ] ojos
eyeball [áibol ] globo del ojo
eyebrow [áibráu ] ceja
eyelid [áilid ] párpado

nose [nous ] nariz

mouth [mauz ] boca
tongue [tong ] lengua
lips [lips ] labios
tooth [tuz ] diente
44
teeth [tiz ] dientes
jaw [yo ] mandíbula
ear [ir ] oreja
forehead [fárid ] frente
chin [chin ] mentón
hair [jer ] cabello
cheek [chik ] mejilla
neck [nek ] cuello
shoulder [shóulder] hombro
chest [chest ] pecho,tórax
breast [brest ] pecho,seno
arm [arm ] brazo
armpit [ármpit ] sobaco
elbow [élbou ] codo
wrist [rist ] muñeca
hand [jand ] mano
finger [fínger ] dedo (de la mano)
nail [neil ] uña (de la mano)
belly [béli ] vientre
genitals [yénitels ] genitales
buttocks [bóteks ] nalgas
hip [jip ] cadera
back [bak ] espalda
leg [leg ] pierna
knee [ni ] rodilla
thigh [zai ] muslo
calf [kaf ] pantorrilla
ankle [ánkel ] tobillo
heel [jil ] talón,calcañar
foot [fut ] pie
feet [fit ] pies
toe [tou ] dedo (del pie)
toenail [tóu neil ] uña (del pie)
skin [skin ] piel

Internal organs [intérnal órgans] Organos internos

artery [árteri ] arteria
bladder [bláder ] vejiga
blood [blod ] sangre
bones [bouns ] huesos
brain [brein ] cerebro
heart [jart ] corazón
intestins [intéstins ] intestinos
kidney [kídni ] riñón
liver [líver ] hígado
lung [long ] pulmón
muscle [mósel ] músculo

pancreas [pánkris ] páncreas

stomach [stómek ] estómago
throat [zrout ] garganta
veins [veins ] venas

45
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Anexo No.l0

Family Members [fámili mémbers ] Miembros de la familia

parents [párents ] padres

-father [fáder ] padre
-mother [móder ] madre
grandparents: [grándpárents ] abuelos
-grandfather [grándfáder ] abuelo
-grandmother [grándmóder ] abuela
children: [chíldren ] hijos
-son [son ] hijo
-daughter [dóter ] hija
grandchildren [grándchíldren ] nietos
-grandson [grándson ] nieto
-granddaughter [gránddóter ] nieta
brother [bróder ] hermano
sister [síster ] hermana
uncle [ónkel ] tío
aunt [ant ] tía
nephew [néfiu ] sobrino
niece [nis ] sobrina
cousins [kósins ] primos
spouse [spaus ] cónyuges
-husband [jósbend ] esposo
-wife [uaif ] esposa

Other Members [óder mémbers ] Otros Miembros

father-in-law [fáder in lo ] suegro

mother-in-law [móder in lo ] suegra
brother-in-law [bróder in lo ] cuñado
sister-in-law [síster in lo ] cuñada
stepfather [stépfáder ] padrastro
stepmother [stépmóder ] madrastra
stepson [stépsón ] hijastro
stepdaughter [stépdóter ] hijastra
------------------------------------ --------------------------------

Anexo No. 11

Parts of the house [parts ev de jáus ] Partes de la casa

porch [pourch ] portal
living room [líving rum ] sala
46
dining room [dáining rum ] comedor
bedroom [bédrum ] dormitorio
kitchen [kítchen ] cocina
bathroom [bázrum ] baño
hall [jol ] pasillo
utility room [iutíleti rum ] cuarto de desahogo
balcony [bálkeni ] balcón
garage [garách ] garaje
garden [gárden ] jardín
yard [iard ] patio
attic [átik ] desván, ático

Other parts [óder parts ] Otras partes:

ceiling [síling ] cielo raso

door [dor ] puerta
floor [flor ] piso
roof [ruf ] techo
staircase [stérkéis ] escalera
walls [uols ] paredes
window [uíndou ] ventana

Furniture: [férnicher ] Muebles

Of the living room [líving rum ] De la sala

armchair [ármcher ] butaca

bookcase [buk keis ] librero
lamp [lamp ] lámpara
lamptable [lamp téibel ] mesa para lámpara
pictures [píkchers ] cuadros
radio [réidio ] radio
rocking-chair [ráking cher ] balance
sofa [sóufa ] sofá
TV set [tivi set ] televisor
vase [veis ] florero,jarrón
carpet [kárpet ] alfombra

Of the dining room. [dáining rum ] Del comedor

chair [cher ] silla

cupboard [kóberd ] aparador
dinner set [díner set ] vajilla
shelf [shelf ] estante
table [téibel ] mesa
cabinet [kábinet ] gabinete, estante
Of the kitchen. [kítchen ] De la cocina

coffee maker [kófi méiker ] cafetera

cooker [kúker ] cocina,fogón
counter [káunter ] meseta,mostrador
mixer [míkser ] batidora
pan [pan ] cacerola
47
refrigerator [rifríyeréiter ] refrigerador
sink [sink ] fregadero
oven [óven ] horno

Of the bedroom. [bédrum ] Del cuarto.

bed [bed ] cama
chest of drawers [chest ov dror ] cómoda
closet [klóset ] close
cradle [kréidel ] cuna mecedora
dressing-table [drésing téibel ] tocador, cómoda
mirror [mírer ] espejo
night table [náit téibel ] mesa de noche
wardrobe [wórdróub ] armario

Of the bathroom. [bázrum ] Del Baño

bath mat [baz mat ] alfombra de baño

bathtub [báztob ] bañadera
hamper [jámper ] cesto para ropas
medicine chest [médisin chest ] botiquín
shower [shauer ] ducha
shower curtain [shauer kórten ] cortina de baño
soap dish [soup dish ] jabonera
toilet [tóilet ] taza sanitaria
toilet paper [tóilet péiper ] papel sanitario
towel rack [tauel rak ] toallero
washbasin [uash béisin ] lavamanos

Of the utility room. [iutíleti rum ] Cuarto de desahogo.

broom [brum ] escoba

bucket [bókit ] cubo
iron [áiron ] plancha
ironing board [áironing bord ] tabla de planchar
mop [map ] trapeador
washing machine [uáshing machín] lavadora
-------------------------------------------------------------------

Anexo No.12

Places in a city [pléisis in e síti ] Lugares en una ciudad.

airport [érpórt ] aeropuerto

Art Gallery [art gáleri ] Galería de Arte
avenue [áveniu ] avenida
bakery [béikeri ] panadería
bank [bank ] banco

barber shop [bárber shap ] barbería

beauty parlor [biúti párler ] salón de belleza
book store [buk stour ] librería
brewery [brúeri ] fábrica de cerveza
bus station [bos stéishen ] terminal de ómnibus
48
butcher shop [búcher shap ] carnicería
church [cherch ] iglesia
cigar factory [sigár fákteri ] fábrica de tabacos
coffee shop [kófi shap ] cafetería
Community Center [kamiúniti sénter ] Casa de la Cultura
dairy [déiri ] lechería
day nursery [dei nérseri ] círculo infantil
district [dístrikt ] distrito, barrio
drugstore [drog stour ] farmacia
firehouse [fáirjaus ] estación de bomberos
gas station [gas stéishen ] servicentro
greengrocery [gríngróuseri ] placita,verdulería
grocery store [gróuseri stour ] tienda de víveres
hotel [joutél ] hotel
jewelry [yúelri ] joyería
library [láibreri ] biblioteca
movie [múvi ] cine
museum [miusíem ] museo
night club [nait klob ] cabaret
paper stand [péiper stand ] estanquillo
park [park ] parque
parking lot [párking lat ] parqueo
police station [polís stéishen ] estación de policía
post office [poust ófis ] oficina de correos
railroad station [reil roud ] terminal de trenes
repair shop [ripér shap ] taller de reparaciones
restaurant [résterant ] restaurante
schools: [skuls ] escuelas
-primary [práimari ] primaria
-Junior High School [júnier jai ] secundaria
-Senior High School [sínier jai ] pre universitario
-polytechnic [palitéknik ] politécnico
shoe store [shu stour ] peletería
square [skuer ] plaza
stationary store [stéishenéri ] papelería
street [strit ] calle
supermarket [súpermárket ] supermercado
tailor's [téilers ] sastrería
taxi stand [táxi stand ] piquera de taxis
theater [zíater ] teatro
University [iunivérsiti ] universidad
--------------------------------------------- -------------------------

Anexo No.13

Clothes [klouds ] Ropas

bathrobe [baz roub ] bata de baño

belt [belt ] cinto
blouse [blaus ] blusa
boots [buts ] botas
coat [kout ] abrigo,sobretodo
dress [dres ] vestido
jeans [yins ] pitusa
nightgown [nait gaun ] bata de casa
49
pants [pants ] pantalones
pullover [pulóver ] pulover
purse [pors ] cartera
shirt [shert ] camisa
shoes [shus ] zapato
short [short ] pantalones cortos
skirt [skert ] falda
slasks [slaks ] pantalones flojos
slippers [slípers ] zapatillas
suit [sut ] traje
sweater [suéter ] suéter, abrigo
trousers [tráusers ] pantalones
underwears: [ónder uérs ] ropa interior:
. brassiere [brasíer ] . ajustadores
. panties [pántis ] . pantis
. socks [saks ] . calcetines
. underpants [ónder pants ] . calzoncillos
. undershirt [ònder shert ] . camiseta
. underskirt [ónder skert ] . refajo
wallet [uálit ] billetera
Bed clothes [bed klouds ] ropa de cama
bedspread [bédspred ] sobrecama, cobertor
blanket [blánkit ] frazada, manta
pillow [pílou ] almohada
pillowcase [pílou keis ] funda de almohada
sheet [shit ] sábana

Others. [óders ] Otros

comforter [kómferter ] colcha

hat [jat ] sombrero
mattress [mátris ] colchón
raincoat [réinkóut ] capa de agua
towel [tauel ] toalla
umbrella [ombréla ] paraguas, sombrilla
-------------------------------------------------------------------

Anexo No.l4

Phrases [ fréisis ] Frases

All right. [ol rait ] Está bien.
An endless summer. [endles sómer ] Un eterno verano.
Anything else? [énizing els ] ¿Algo más?
As far as [as far as ] Hasta (distancia).
As soon as [as sun as ] Tan pronto como.
At all. [atól ] En absoluto.
At the same time [at de seim taim ] Al mismo tiempo.
By the way [bai de uei ] A propósito.
Care for [ker for ] Querer.
Come in [komín ] Entre, entrar.
Come on [komon ] Vamos, siga.
Do the laundry [du de londri ] Lavar la ropa.
Do you happen to know? [japen tu nou ] ¿Por casualidad Ud sabe..?
Do you mind...? [du iu maind ] Le molesta...?
50
Don't mention it [dont ménshen it ] Por nada.
Enjoy your meal. [...iur mil ] Disfrute su comida.
Enjoy yourself [enyói iursélf ] Que se divierta.
Fill out this form [filáut dis form ] Llene esta planilla.
Foreign currency [fáring kérensi ] Divisa.
Four-story building [.stouri bilding ] Edificio de 4 plantas.
Get angry [get ángri ] Enfadarse.
Get in [get in ] Entrar.
Get married [márid ] Casarse.
Go on [gou on ] Adelante.
Go straight ahead. [gou stréit ejéd ] Siga recto.
Go to bed [góu tu bed ] Ir a dormir.
Good luck [gud lok ] Buena suerte.
Have a good time [jave gud taim ] Que la pase bien.
Have a seat. [jave sit ] Siéntese.
Have you got...? [javiu gat ] Tiene...?
Here you are. [jir iu ar ] Aquí lo tiene.
How can I get to [jau kan ai get ] ¿Cómo puedo llegar a...?
How do you do. [jau do iu du ] Mucho gusto.
How do you like...? [jau du iu laik ] Cómo te gusta...?
How long are you staying? [jáulóng ariu stéing] Qué tiempo estará?
How much? [jau moch ] Cuánto vale?
How often? [jau ófen ] Con qué frecuencia?
How old are you? [jau ouldar iu ] Qué edad Ud. tiene?
I am sorry [ai am sári ] Lo siento.
I can't stand [ai kant stand ] No soporto.
In fact. [in fakt ] En efecto.
It doesn't matter. [dosent matter ] No importa.
It's up to you. [its op tu iu ] Depende de Ud.
Let's go. [lets gou ] Vamos.
May I help you? [me ai jelpiú ] En qué puedo servirle?
Most of the time. [móustov de taim ] La mayor parte del tiempo.
Neither do I. [níder du ai ] Ni yo tampoco.
Neither... nor... [níder...nor ] Ni...ni...
Nice to meet you [nais tu mit iu ] Mucho gusto.

Not at all [nat at ol ] No hay de qué.

Of course. [ov kours ] Por supuesto.
Out of work. [aut ov uerk ] Sin trabajo.
Over there. [ouver der ] Por allá.
Pick me up. [pik mi op ] Recógeme.
Right away [rait euei ] Enseguida.
Right now [rait nau ] En seguida.
Run into [ron intu ] Toparse con
So long [sou long ] Hasta luego.
Split away. [split euei ] Separado.
Take care. [teik ker ] Cuídate.
Take it easy. [teik it isi ] Tómelo con calma.
That sounds great. [sáunds greit ] Magnífico.
That's very kind of you [véri kaind... ] Es Ud muy amable.
There isn't any left. [ éni left ] No queda ninguno.
To be fond of. [tu bi fand ev ] Ser aficionado a.
To feel like going. [fil laik going ] Tener ganas.
51
To make up my mind [méikop mai maind ] Decidirme.
To pay in advance. [pei in adváns ] Pagar por adelantado.
To stay or to go? [tu stei or... ] Para aquí o para llevar?
Take care of. [teik ker ev ] Cuidar de.
Till we meet again [til ui mit egen ] Hasta la vista.
Try it on [trai it on ] Pruébeselo
Turn on/off [tern ón/óf ] Encender/apagar
What about...? [juat abaut ] ¿Y...?
What are the hours of? [..de ours ev ] ¿Cuál es el horario de?
What can I do for you? [kan ai du foriú ] ¿En qué puedo servirle?
What does the lobster [juat dos de ] ¿De qué está acompañada
come with? [lábster com uiz ] la langosta?
What goes with the...? [juat gos uiz de ] ¿Con qué viene la...?
What kind of...? [juat kaind ev ] ¿Que tipo de...?
What's the matter? [juats de máter ] ¿Qué pasa?
What's wrong? [juats rong ] ¿Qué te pasa?
Which way? [juich uei ] ¿Por dónde?
Would you care for...? [uld iu ker for ] ¿Quisieras....?
You are kiding [iu ar kíding ] No juegues
You are right [iu ar rait ] Tienes razón
You are welcome [iu ar uélkem ] Por nada
You are wrong [iu ar rong ] Estás equivocado

Anexo No.l5

Países y Nacionalidades:

Argentina [aryentína ] Argentina Argentinean [aryentínien ]

Australia [ostréilia ] Autralia Austrealian [ostréilien ]
Austria [óstrie ] Austria Austrian [óstrien ]
Belgium [bélyen ] Bélgica Belgian [bélyen ]
Brazil [brasíl ] Brasil Brazilian [bresílien ]
Canada [kánede ] Canadá Canadian [kanéidien ]
Chile [chíli ] Chile Chilian [chílien ]

China [cháine ] China Chinese [chainís ]

Cuba [kiube ] Cuba Cuban [kiuben ]
England [ínglend ] Inglaterra English [ínglish ]
France [frans ] Francia French [frénch ]
Germany [yérmeni ] Alemania German [yórmen ]
Greece [gris ] Grecia Greek [grik ]
Holland [jálend ] Holanda Dutch [dotch ]
India [índie ] India Indian [índien ]
Ireland [áirlend ] Irlanda Irish [áirish ]
Italy [íteli ] Italia Italian [itálien ]
Jamaica [yeméike ] Jamaica Jamaican [yeméiken ]
Japan [yepán ] Japón Japanese [yapenís ]
Mexico [méksikou ] México Mexican [méksiken ]
Norway [nór-uei ] Noruega Norwegian [noruíyen ]
Portugal [póurchegel ] Portugal Portuguese [póurchegis ]
Russia [rósha ] Rusia Russian [róshen ]
Spain [spéin ] España Spanish [spánish ]
52
Sweden [suíden ] Suecia Swidish [suidísh ]
Switzerland [suítserland ] Suiza Swiss [suís ]
U.S.A [iu es ei ] EE.UU American [amérikan ]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Anexo No.l6

Algunas enfermedades y malestares comunes.

Allergy [áleryi ] Alergia

Asthma [ásma ] Asma
Backache [bákéik ] Dolor de espalda
Chest pain [chéstpein ] Dolor en el pecho
Chicken pox [chíkenpaks ] Varicela
Cold [kould ] Catarro
Diabetes [daiebítis ] Diabetes
Diarrhea [dáieríe ] Diarrea
Dizziness [dísines ] Vértigos
Earache [íréik ] Dolor de oídos
Fever [fíver ] Fiebre
Headache [jédéik ] Dolor de cabeza
Measles [mísels ] Sarampión
Mumps [momps ] Paperas
Nausea [nóshie ] Náusea
Sore throat [sor zrot ] Dolor de garganta
Stomachache [stómekéik ] Dolor de estómago
Toothache [túzéik ] Dolor de muelas
Vomits [vámits ] Vómitos

Anexo No.17

Vegetales y hortalizas.

Banana [benáne ] Plátano

Potato [petéitou ] Papa
Sweet potato [suit... ] Boniato

Yam [iam ] Ñame

Pumpkin [pómpkin ] Calabaza
Yucca [ioke ] Yuca
Malanga [Malánge ] Malanga
Avocado [avekádou ] Aguacate
Tomato [teméite ] Tomate
Cabbage [kábich ] Col
Lettuce [létis ] Lechuga
Beet [bit ] Remolacha
Cucumber [kiúkember ] Pepino
Carrot [káret ] Zanahoria
Radish [rádish ] Rábano
Egg-plant [egplant ] Berenjena
Green pepper [grinpéper ] Pimiento
Watercress [uóterkres ] Berro
Turnip [tórnep ] Nabo
Chard [chard ] Acelga
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Chayote [chayoute ] Chayote
Spinach [spínich ] Espinaca
Corn [korn ] Maíz
Bean [bin ] Habichuela
Celery [séleri ] Apio
Garlic [gárlik ] Ajo
Onion [ónien ] Cebolla

Anexo No.18

Vocabulario.

El presente vocabulario contiene un listado de palabras en orden alfabético que comprende vocablos que
aparecen en los diálogos de las diferentes unidades. En el mismo se han omitido los verbos y otras palabras
que se encuentran dentro de los Anexos y en Otras Formas a fin de evitar dualidades o repeticiones
innecesarias.

El significado de las palabras es el que tiene en las situaciones en que se encuentran dentro de los diálogos.

Queremos aclarar que la pronunciación figurada no es una

A- B-
a [e ] un, uno, una beside [bisáid ] al lado
about [ebaut ] cerca de besides [bisáids ] además
absolutely [abselútli ] absolutamente better [béter ] mejor
action [ákshen ] acción between [bituín ] (prep.)entre
actually [ákchuali ] en realidad boring [bóuring ] aburrido
address [adrés ] dirección boy [boi ] muchacho
advance [adváns ] adelantado boyfriend [bóifrend ] novio
afraid [efréid ] asustado bread [bred ] pan
after [áfter ] después breakfast [brékfast ] desayuno
afternoon [áfternún ] tarde brochure [brouchúr ] folleto
afterward [... uerd ] después building [bílding ] edificio

again [egén ] de nuevo burglar [bérgler ] escalador

age [eich ] edad bus [bos ] ómnibus
ago [egóu ] hace but [bot ] pero
ahead [ejéd ] delante button [bóton ] botón
air [er ] aire by [bai ] por
all [ol ] todo bye [bai ] adiosito
also [ólsou ] también
and [and ] y C-
any [éni ] algún campfire [kámpfáir ] fogata
anybody [énibadi ] alguien camping [kámping ] campismo
anything [énizing ] alguna cosa card [kard ] tarjeta
anywhere [énijuer ] dondequiera careful [kérful ] cuidadoso
apartment [apártment ] apartamento cash [kash ] efectivo
around [eráund ] alrededor cassette [kasét ] casete
as [as ] tan, como cent [sent ] centavo
aspirin [áspirin ] aspirina change [chéinch ] vuelto
at [at ] en check [chek ] cheque
available [evéilebel ] disponible cheese [chis ] queso
54
away [euéi ] lejos chemistry [kémistri ] Química
B- chicken [chíken ] pollo
bad [bad ] mal children [chíldren ] niños
baggage [bágich ] equipaje chocolate [chóklit ] chocolate
beach [bich ] playa chowder [cháuder ] estofado
beautiful [biútiful ] bonito cigarette [sígerét ] cigarro
because [bikós ] porque class [klas ] clase
before [bifóur ] antes club [klob ] casino
beef [bif ] carne de res cocktail [káktéil ] coctel
beer [bir ] cerveza coffee [kófi ] café
F-
cold [kould ] frío free [fri ] libre
concert [kánsert ] concierto friend [frend ] amigo
corner [kórner ] esquina friendly [fréndli ] amistoso
correct [kerékt ] correcto from [from ] de, desde
country [kóntri ] campo, país front [front ] frente
coworker [kouérker ] comp. trabajo funny [fóni ] raro, cómico
currency [kérensi ] moneda corr. future [fiúcher ] futuro
cute [kiut ] bonito, mono G-
D- game [geim ] juego
dark [dark ] obscuro/a girl [gerl ] muchacha
darling [dárling ] querido/a good [gud ] bueno/a
daugther [dóter ] hija great [greit ] magnífico
day [dei ] día guess [ges ] suposición
dialogue [dáielog ] diálogo guest [gest ] huésped
dirty [dérti ] sucio guest card [kard] tarjeta de huesped
dish [dish ] plato H-
divorced [divórst ] divorciado hall [jol ] pasillo
doctor [dákter ] doctor handbag [jándbag ] bolso
dog [dog ] perro happy [jápi ] feliz
dollar [dáler ] dólar hard [jard ] difícil, duro
domino [dámenou ] dominó her [jer ] su (de ella)
double [dóbel ] doble here [jir ] aquí
doubt [daut ] duda his [jis ] su (de él)
down [daun ] abajo home [joum ] hogar

E- honey [jóni ] (coll)querido

each [ich ] cada hospital [jáspitel ] hospital
early [érli ] temprano hot [jat ] caluroso
easy [ísi ] fácil hotel [joutél ] hotel
either [íder ] tampoco hour [aur ] hora
elevator [élivéiter ] elevador house [jaus ] casa
end [end ] fin how [jau ] cómo
endless [éndlis ] eterno husband [jósbend ] esposo
engineer [enyenír ] ingeniero I-
eve [iv ] víspera I [ai ] yo
evening [ívning ] tarde ice [ais ] hielo
ever [éver ] alguna vez idea [aidía ] idea
everybody [évribádi ] todo el mundo in [in ] en
everyday [évridéi ] diario if [if ] (conj.) si
everythin [évrizing ] todo information [informéishen] informac.
exactly [eksáktli ] exactamente is [is ] es
excellent [ékselent ] excelente it [it ] Pron. neutro
excuse [ekskíus ] excusa/r J-
55
F- job [yab ] trabajo
factory [fákteri ] fábrica just [yost ] justamente
family [fámili ] familia K-
far [far ] lejano key [ki ] llave
fast [fast ] rápido kilometer [kilámiter ]
favorite [féiverit ] favorito kind [kaind ] clase, tipo
film [film ] película L-
fine [fain ] muy bien language [lánguich ] idioma
floor [flour ] piso last [last ] último
food [fud ] comida late [leit ] atrasado
for [for ] por, para later [léiter ] más tarde
foreign [fárin ] extranjero left [left ] izquierdo
frankly [fránkli ] francamente O-
light [lait ] luz, clara occupation [ákiupéishen] ocupación
little [lítel ] poco of [av ] de
lot [lat ] mucho offer [ófer ] oferta
luggage [lógich ] equipaje office [ófis ] oficina
lunch [lonch ] almuerzo oh [ou ] (interj.)ah
luck [lok ] suerte old [ould ] viejo,antiguo
M- old Havana [..jevána ] Habana Vieja
main [mein ] principal on [on ] en, sobre
man [man ] hombre only [ounli ] solo, único
many [méni ] muchos or [er ] o, u
map [map ] mapa out [aut ] afuera
married [márid ] casado/a opinion [epínien ] opinión
match [mach ] fósforo our [aur ] nuestro
matter [máter ] asunto over [ouver ] encima de
maybe [méibi ] tal vez order [órder ] orden
me [mi ] pron.me;mi other [óder ] otro
meal [mil ] comida P-
mechanic [mekánik ] mecánico pack [pak ] cajetilla
medicine [médisin ] medicina paper [péiper ] papel
medium [mídiem ] medio parcel [pársel ] paquete
meeting [míting ] reunión pardon [párdon ] perdón

mention [ménshen ] mencionar park [park ] parque

milk [milk ] leche party [párti ] fiesta
million [mílien ] millón passport [páspert ] pasaporte
mine [main ] mio/a perhaps [perjáps ] quizás
mixed [mikst ] mixta person [pérsen ] persona
money [móni ] dinero piano [piánou ] piano
month [monz ] mes plaid [plad ] a cuadros
morning [mórning ] mañana plan [plan ] plan
most [moust ] la mayoría plane [plein ] avión
movie [múvi ] cine pleasant [plésent ] agradable
much [moch ] mucho possible [pásibel ] posible
my [mai ] adj.pos.mi possibly [pásibli ] posiblemente
myself [maisélf ] yo mismo postcard [póustkard ] tarjeta postal
N- pound [paund ] libra
name [neim ] nombre precisely [prisáisli ] precisamente
napkin [nápkin ] servilleta pretty [príti ] bonito,lindo
nationality [náshenáliti ]nacionalidad price [prais ] precio
near [nir ] cerca de probably [prábebli ] probablemente
56
necessary [néseséri ] necesario problem [práblem ] problema
neither [níder ] ninguno, ni product [prádekt ] producto
neon sign [nian sain ] anuncio neón profession [prouféshen ] profesión
nervous [nérves ] nervioso province [právins ] provincia
new [niu ] nuevo/a please [plis ] por favor
newspaper [núspéiper ] periódico pleasure [plésher ] placer
next [nekst ] próximo Q-
nice [nais ] agradable quarter [kuórter ] cuarto
night [nait ] noche question [kuéschen ] pregunta
no [nou ] no R-
nobody [noubádi ] nadie rather [ráder ] más bién
not [nat ] no ready [rédi ] listo
nothing [názing ] nada really [ríli ]de veras
now [nau ] ahora reason [rísen ] razón
O- recorder [rikórder ] grabadora
o'clock [e'klak ] por el reloj relative [réletiv ] pariente
rent [rent ] alquiler then [den ] entonces
restaurant [résterant ] restaurante there [der ] allí,allá
retired [ritáierd ] jubilado thing [zing ] cosa
rice [rais ] arroz ticket [tíket ] boleto
right [rait ] derecha tie [tai ] corbata
road [roud ] camino till [til ] hasta
room [rum ] habitación time [taim ] hora
rough [rof ] áspero time [táim ] tiempo, hor
S- tip [tip ] propina
salt [solt ] sal tired [taird ] cansado
sandwich [sánduich ] emparedado tired [táird ] cansado/a
scale [skéil ] pesa today [tudéi ] hoy
secretary [sékritéri ] secretaria together [tugéder ] junto/s
service [sérvis ] servicio tomorrow [tumárou ] mañana
she [shi ] ella tonight [tunáit ] esta noche
shirt [shert ] camisa too [tu ] también
shoe [shu ] zapato tough [tof ] correoso
shop [shap ] tienda trip [trip ] viaje

sick [sik ] enfermo/a trunk [tronk ] maletero

single [singel ] soltero,simple truth [truz ] verdad
sir [ser ] señor twin [tuin ] gemelo
size [sais ] talla U-
slow [slou ] despacio up [op ] hacia arriba
small [smol ] pequeño upstairs [ópsters ] arriba
snow [snou ] nieve V-
so [sou ] así que vacancy [véikensi ] vacante
some [som ] un poco de vacation [véikéishen ] vacaciones
something [sómzing ] algo vegetable [véyitebel ] vegetales
song [song ] canción very [véri ] mucho
soon [sun ] pronto W-
sorry [sári ] apenado warm [uorm ] tibio
soup [sup ] sopa watch [uach ] reloj
special [spéshel ] especial water [uoter ] agua
spelling [spéling ] deletreo way [uei ] vía, camino
sport [sport ] deporte we [ui ] nosotros
stamp [stamp ] sello weather [uéder ] clima
57
staying [stéing ] estancia week [uik ] semana
still [stil ] aún weekend [uíkend ] fin de semana
store [stour ] tienda welcome [uélkem ] bienvenido
straight [streit ] derecho,rect well [uel ] bien
street [strit ] calle which [juich ] cuál, qué
student [stúdents ] estudiantes whose [jus ] de quien
sugar [shúger ] azúcar wife [uaif ] esposa
suitcase [sútkéis ] maleta wine [uain ] vino (bebida)
sun [son ] sol with [uiz ] con
sure [shur ] seguro word [uerd ] palabra
T- Y-
table [téibel ] mesa yes [ies ] sí
taxi [táksi ] taxi yesterday [iésterdi ] ayer
teaspoonful [tíspunful ] cucharadita yet [iet ] todavía
telephone [télefoun ] teléfono you [iu ] usted, tu
" booth [... buz ] cabina telef. young [iong ] joven
tennis [ténis ] tenis your [iur ] su (de Ud.)
test [test ] examen
the [de ] el,lo/s,la/s

58