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us

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "us"

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé
    Proto-Germanic *uns
    Old English ūs
    Middle English us
    English us

    From Middle English us, from Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n̥smé (“us”). The compensatory lengthening was lost in Middle English due to the word being unstressed while being used. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uus (“us”), West Frisian us, ús (“us”), Low German us (“us”), Dutch ons (“us”), German uns (“us”), Danish os (“us”), Latin nōs (“we, us”).

    Pronunciation

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    • (stressed) enPR: ŭs, IPA(key): /ʌs/, /ʌz/, (Local Dublin) IPA(key): /ʊs/
    • (unstressed) (US) IPA(key): /əs/, (UK) IPA(key): /əs/, /əz/
    • Audio (US):(file)
    • Rhymes: -ʌs

    Pronoun

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    us

    1. (personal) Me and at least one other person; the objective case of we.
      Used where "me" would be used instead of "I", e.g. for the pronoun in isolation or as the complement of the copula:
      Who's there? —Us. (or) —It's us.
      Who's going to go? —Us. We'll go.
    2. (Commonwealth, colloquial, chiefly with give) Me.
      Give us a look at your paper.
      Give us your wallet!
      She's turned the weans against us!
    3. (Northern England) Our.
      We'll have to throw us food out.
    4. (Northumbria) Me (in all contexts).
      Look at us while you’re speaking to us.
      Could you do that for us?
    Alternative forms
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    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    See also
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    English personal pronouns
    Dialectal and obsolete or archaic forms are in italics.
    personal pronoun possessive
    pronoun    		 possessive
    determiner
    subjective objective reflexive
    first person singular I
    me (colloquial)    		 me myself
    me
    mysen    		 mine my
    mine (before vowels, archaic)
    me
    plural we us ourselves
    ourself
    oursen    		 ours our
    second person singular standard, formal you you yourself
    yoursen    		 yours
    yourn (obsolete outside dialects)    		 your
    archaic, informal thou thee thyself
    theeself
    thysen    		 thine thy
    thine (before vowels)
    plural standard you
    ye (archaic)    		 you yourselves yours
    yourn (obsolete outside dialects)    		 your
    colloquial you all
    y'all
    you guys    		 you all
    y'all
    you guys    		 y'allselves y'all's
    you guys'
    your guys' (proscribed)    		 y'all's
    your all's (nonstandard)
    you guys'
    your guys' (proscribed)
    informal / dialectal (see list of dialectal forms at you and inflected forms in those entries)
    third person singular masculine he him himself
    hisself (archaic)
    hissen    		 his
    hisn (obsolete outside dialects)    		 his
    feminine she her herself
    hersen    		 hers
    hern (obsolete outside dialects)    		 her
    neuter it
    hit    		 it
    hit    		 itself
    hitself    		 its
    his (archaic)    		 its
    his (archaic)
    hits
    genderless they them themself, themselves theirs their
    genderless, nonspecific
    (formal)     		one one oneself – one's
    plural they them
    hem, 'em    		 themselves
    theirsen    		 theirs
    theirn (obsolete outside dialects)    		 their

    Determiner

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    us

    1. The speakers/writers, or the speaker/writer and at least one other person.
      It's not good enough for us teachers.
    See also
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    Etymology 2

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    Derived from the similarity between the letter u and the Greek letter µ.

    Symbol

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    us

    1. Alternative spelling of µs: microsecond
      • 2002, Peter Spasov, Microcontroller Technology, the 68HC11, page 489:
        ;wait 500 us
      • 2012, Peter Feiler, David Gluch, Model-Based Engineering with AADL:
        The standard units are ns (nanoseconds), us (microseconds), ms (milliseconds), sec (seconds), min (minutes), and hr (hours).
      • 2014, Michael Corey, Jeff Szastak, Michael Webster, Virtualizing SQL Server with VMware: Doing IT Right, page 198:
        Because the flash devices are local to the server, the latencies can be microseconds (us) instead of milliseconds (ms) and eliminate some traffic that would normally have gone over the storage network.

    Etymology 3

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    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Noun

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    us

    1. (rare) Alternative form of u's.

    Anagrams

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    Catalan

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Latin vōs.

    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    us (proclitic and contracted enclitic, enclitic vos)

    1. you (plural, direct or indirect object)
    2. Contraction of vos.

    Usage notes

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    • us is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs.
      Si us plau. ― Please.
      Si no us importa. ― If you don't mind.
    • -us is the reduced (reduïda) form of the pronoun. It is used after verbs ending with a vowel.
      Volia veure-us. ― I wanted to see you.

    Declension

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    Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
    strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
    singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
    1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
    1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
    2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
    2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
    2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
    3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
    3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
    3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
    3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
    plural
    1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
    2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
    2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
    3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
    3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
    3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
    adverbial
    ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
    locative hi -hi
    1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
    2) Behaves grammatically as third person.     		3) Only as object of a preposition.
    4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

    Further reading

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    Central Franconian

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /us/, (stressed optionally) /uːs/

    Etymology 1

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    From Middle High German ūz, from Proto-Germanic *ūt.

    Preposition

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    us (+ dative)

    1. (Ripuarian, parts of Moselle Franconian) out of, from
      • 1936, Inscription on the Schwarze Katz well in Zell:
        He steiht ferm wie en Zeller us dem Hamm.
        He stands firm as a Zell man from the Hamm [i.e. the Moselle bow around Zell with its steeply sloped vineyards].
    Usage notes
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    • Where it occurs in Moselle Franconian, it generally does so only in unstressed position while the stressed form is aus, ous.
    Alternative forms
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    Etymology 2

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    From Middle High German uns, from Proto-Germanic *uns, *unsiz. Loss of the nasal is due to a sporadic development (analogous to the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant-law, but later and not systematic); compare Luxembourgish eis, Limburgish ós.

    Pronoun

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    us

    1. (most of Ripuarian, parts of Moselle Franconian) Dative/accusative first-person plural personal pronoun: us
    Alternative forms
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    Fala

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    Etymology 1

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    From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Latin illōs.

    Alternative forms

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    • os (Mañegu)

    Article

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    us m pl (singular u, feminine a, feminine plural as)

    1. (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) Masculine plural definite article; the

    Pronoun

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    us

    1. (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) Third person plural masculine accusative pronoun; them
    See also
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    Fala personal pronouns
    nominative dative accusative disjunctive
    first person singular ei me, -mi mi
    plural common nos musL
    nusLV
    nos, -nusM     		nos
    masculine noshotrusM noshotrusM
    feminine noshotrasM noshotrasM
    second person singular tú te, -ti ti
    plural common vos vusLV
    vos, -vusM     		vos
    masculine voshotrusM voshotrusM
    feminine voshotrasM voshotrasM
    third person singular masculine el le, -li uLV, oM el
    feminine ela a ela
    plural masculine elis usLV, osM elis
    feminine elas as elas
    reflexive — se, -si sí

    Etymology 2

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    Alternative forms

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    Article

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    us m pl (singular un, feminine unha, feminine plural unhas)

    1. (Lagarteiru) Masculine singular indefinite article; some

    References

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    • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

    French

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Old French us, from Latin ūsus.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    us m pl (plural only)

    1. (plural only) mores; traditional practices or manners

    Usage notes

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    Further reading

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    Anagrams

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    Gothic

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    Romanization

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    us

    1. Romanization of 𐌿𐍃

    Middle English

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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      Etymology tree
      Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé
      Proto-Germanic *uns
      Old English ūs
      Middle English us

      From Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n-sme- (“us”).

      Pronunciation

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      Pronoun

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      us (nominative we)

      1. First-person plural accusative pronoun: us.
      2. (reflexive) ourselves.
      3. (reciprocal) each other.

      Synonyms

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      Descendants

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      • English: us
      • Scots: us, hus
      • Yola: ouse, ouz, uz

      See also

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      Middle English personal pronouns
      nominative accusative dative genitive possessive
      singular 1st-person I, ich, ik me min
      mi1      		 min
      2nd-person þou þe þin
      þi1      		 þin
      3rd-person m he him
      hine2      		 him his his
      hisen
      f sche, heo hire
      heo       		hire hire
      hires, hiren
      n hit hit
      him2      		 his, hit —
      dual3 1st-person wit unk unker
      2nd-person ȝit inc inker
      plural 1st-person we us, ous oure oure
      oures, ouren
      2nd-person4 ye yow your your
      youres, youren
      3rd-person inh. he hem
      he2      		 hem here here
      heres, heren
      bor. þei þem, þeim þeir þeir
      þeires, þeiren

      1Used preconsonantally or before h.
      2Early or dialectal.
      3Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third-person dual forms in Middle English.
      4Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

      References

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      Middle Low German

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      Pronunciation

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      Pronoun

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      ûs or us

      1. (personal pronoun, dative, accusative) Alternative form of uns.
      2. (possesive pronoun) Alternative form of uns.

      Declension

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      Possesive pronoun:

      Declension of us
      nominative accusative dative genitive
      Strong declension
      Masculine ûs ûsen ûsem(e) (ûsennote) ûses
      Neuter ûs
      Feminine ûse ûser(e)
      Plural ûse ûsen ûser(e)
      Weak declension
      Masculine ûse ûsen ûsen
      Neuter ûse
      Feminine ûsen
      Plural ûsen
      The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period.

      Norman

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      Etymology

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      From Old French uis, from Latin ostium.

      Noun

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      us m (plural us)

      1. door

      Old English

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      Etymology

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        Etymology tree
        Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé
        Proto-Germanic *uns
        Old English us

        From Proto-Germanic *uns, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥s, *nes. Cognates include Old Frisian ūs (West Frisian ús), Old Saxon ūs (Low German os, ons), Dutch ons, Old High German uns (German uns), Old Norse oss (Swedish oss), Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍃 (uns). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin nos.

        Pronunciation

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        Pronoun

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        ūs

        1. accusative/dative of wē: (to) us

        Descendants

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        Old French

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        Etymology

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        From Latin ūsus.

        Noun

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        us oblique singular, m (oblique plural us, nominative singular us, nominative plural us)

        1. tradition or custom

        Descendants

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        • French: us

        Old Frisian

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        Etymology

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        From Proto-Germanic *uns, *unsiz. Cognates include Old English ūs, Old Saxon ūs and Old Dutch uns.

        Pronunciation

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        Pronoun

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        ūs

        1. accusative/dative of wī

        Inflection

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        Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions
        singular plural
        1st 2nd 3rd m 3rd f 3rd n 1st 2nd 3rd
        nominative ik thū hī hiū, hiō hit wī jī hiā
        accusative mī thī hine hiā hit ūs jū, jō hiā
        dative mī thī him hire, hiāre him ūs jū, jō him, hirem, hiārem
        genitive mīn thīn sīn hire, hiāre sīn ūser jūwer hira, hiāra

        Descendants

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        • North Frisian:
          Most dialects: üs
          Sylt: üüs
        • Saterland Frisian: uus
        • West Frisian: ús

        References

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        • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

        Portuguese

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        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        us

        1. plural of u

        Scots

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        Etymology

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        Inherited from Middle English us, from Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n̥smé (“us”).

        Pronoun

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        us

        1. us

        See also

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        Scots personal pronouns
        personal pronoun possessive
        pronoun        		 possessive
        determiner
        subjective objective reflexive
        first person singular A, I, Ik me mysel mine, mines mine, my
        plural we us, we oorsel, oorsels oors our
        second person singular standard (formal) ye
        you, yow        		 ye
        you, yow        		 yersel
        yoursel        		 yers
        yours        		 yer
        your
        Insular (informal) thoo thee thysel, theesel thines thy, thee, thees
        plural ye, yese
        you, youse        		 ye, yese
        you, youse
        theer        		 yesels
        yoursels        		 yers
        yours        		 yer
        your
        third person singular masculine he, e him, im himsel, hissel his, is his, is
        feminine scho, she, shu her, er hersel hers her, er
        neuter it
        hit        		 it
        hit        		 itsel
        hitsel        		 its
        hits        		 its
        hits
        genderless, nonspecific
        (formal)         		ane ane – – ane's
        plural thay thaim thaimsel, thaimsels thairs thair

        References

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        Serbo-Croatian

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        Etymology

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        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ.

        Noun

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        ȕs f (Cyrillic spelling у̏с)

        1. fishbone

        References

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        • “us”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

        Turkish

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        Etymology

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        From Ottoman Turkish اوص (us), from Proto-Turkic *us (“mind, reason”).[1]

        Noun

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        us (definite accusative usu, plural uslar)

        1. mind
        2. reason
        3. intelligence

        Declension

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        Inflection
        Nominative us
        Definite accusative usu
        Singular Plural
        Nominative us uslar
        Definite accusative usu usları
        Dative usa uslara
        Locative usta uslarda
        Ablative ustan uslardan
        Genitive usun usların
        Possessive forms
        Nominative
        Singular Plural
        1st singular usum uslarım
        2nd singular usun usların
        3rd singular usu usları
        1st plural usumuz uslarımız
        2nd plural usunuz uslarınız
        3rd plural usları usları
        Definite accusative
        Singular Plural
        1st singular usumu uslarımı
        2nd singular usunu uslarını
        3rd singular usunu uslarını
        1st plural usumuzu uslarımızı
        2nd plural usunuzu uslarınızı
        3rd plural uslarını uslarını
        Dative
        Singular Plural
        1st singular usuma uslarıma
        2nd singular usuna uslarına
        3rd singular usuna uslarına
        1st plural usumuza uslarımıza
        2nd plural usunuza uslarınıza
        3rd plural uslarına uslarına
        Locative
        Singular Plural
        1st singular usumda uslarımda
        2nd singular usunda uslarında
        3rd singular usunda uslarında
        1st plural usumuzda uslarımızda
        2nd plural usunuzda uslarınızda
        3rd plural uslarında uslarında
        Ablative
        Singular Plural
        1st singular usumdan uslarımdan
        2nd singular usundan uslarından
        3rd singular usundan uslarından
        1st plural usumuzdan uslarımızdan
        2nd plural usunuzdan uslarınızdan
        3rd plural uslarından uslarından
        Genitive
        Singular Plural
        1st singular usumun uslarımın
        2nd singular usunun uslarının
        3rd singular usunun uslarının
        1st plural usumuzun uslarımızın
        2nd plural usunuzun uslarınızın
        3rd plural uslarının uslarının

        Synonyms

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        Derived terms

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        References

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        1. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*us”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

        Tz'utujil

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        Noun

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        us

        1. fly (insect)

        Volapük

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        Adverb

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        us

        1. there
          • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:
            Cils äbinons-li i pö zäl et? Si! elogob us tumis.
            Were there children at that party as well? Yes, I've seen hundreds of them there.

        West Frisian

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        Pronoun

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        us

        1. object of wy
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