tog

See also: togʻ and tóg

Translingual

Symbol

tog

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Tonga (Malawi).

See also

• Wiktionary's coverage of Tonga (Malawi) terms

English

Etymology 1

Shortened from earlier togemans, togeman (“cloak, loose coat”), from Middle English tog, toge, togue, from Old French togue, from Latin toga (“cloak, mantle”) (compare the doublets toga and toge). Togeman(s) was an old thieves' and vegabonds' cant for "cloak; coat". By the 1700s the noun tog was used as a shortened form, then with the meaning "coat"; before 1800 the word (in this sense usually in the plural; see togs) started to mean "clothing". The verb tog ("to dress up") came shortly after. The unit of thermal resistance was coined in the 1940s after the clo, a unit of thermal insulation of clothing, which was itself derived from clothes or clothing.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /tɒɡ/
• (US) IPA^(key): /tɔɡ/
• (cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /tɑɡ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒɡ

Noun

tog (plural togs)

1. (slang, archaic) A cloak.
2. (slang, archaic) A coat.
   • c. 1864, Alfred Peck Stevens, “The Chickaleary Cove”, in Farmer, John Stephen, editor, Musa Pedestris‎^[2], published 1896, page 161:

     I have a rorty gal, also a knowing pal, / And merrily together we jog on, / I doesn't care a flatch, as long as I've a tach, / Some pannum for my chest, and a tog on.

3. A unit of thermal resistance, being ten times the temperature difference (in °C) between the two surfaces of a material when the flow of heat is equal to one watt per square metre

Derived terms

• (clothes): toggery, tog bag
• (unit of thermal resistance): megatog (rare, humorously hyperbolic)

Verb

tog (third-person singular simple present togs, present participle togging, simple past and past participle togged)

1. (transitive) To dress (often with up or out).
   • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

     “ […] if you call my duds a ‘livery’ again there'll be trouble. It's bad enough to go around togged out like a life saver on a drill day, but I can stand that 'cause I'm paid for it. […] ”

References

• “tog, n.1.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
• “tog, v..”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
• “† togeman, n..”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.

Etymology 2

Adverb

tog (not comparable)

1. (knitting) Abbreviation of together.
   • 2012, Kay Meadors, Knitting for a Cure, page 34:

     Row 1 (Right side): Slip 1, K1, K2 tog, YO, K 10, (K2 tog, YO) twice, K3.

Etymology 3

Clipping of tautog

Noun

tog (plural togs)

1. A tautog, a large wrasse native to the eastern coast of North America.
   • 2021, Nick Honachefsky, “Catching Tautog from Shore”, in On The Water‎^[3]:

     Though most jetty anglers fish the tip when looking for blackfish, tog can often be found along the entire structure.

   • 2023, Tony Salerno, “Shaking The Winter Jitters: It’s Time For Tog’”, in The Fisherman‎^[4]:

     However, many locations hold plenty of keeper tog to 8 pounds, with several monster white chins over the 10-pound mark, particularly along the East End of the Sound.

Verb

tog (third-person singular simple present togs, present participle togging, simple past and past participle togged)

1. (transitive) To fish for tautog.
   • 2023, Jason Colby, “Tog Jigging: Do It Your Way!”, in The Fisherman‎^[5]:

     Another mindset that seems to work well for new togging recruits is to ask them to wait until the fish ‘takes the rod down’.

Etymology 4

Clipping of photographer

Noun

tog (plural togs)

1. (informal) A photographer, especially a professional one.
   • 2006 July 9, “Lapel mic question”, in DV Info Net‎^[6], archived from the original on 12 April 2024:

     Funny you should ask, I had a "scene" with a photographer, at yesterdays' Wedding, over the Groom's lapel Mic, the Groom was ok with it, but the tog, said it would spoil his photos, the Groom had a light jacket on, so it was visible, but, what else can you do?

   • 2016 April 15, “Another Wedding Another Photog screwing things up”, in Whirlpool forums‎^[7], archived from the original on 4 November 2016:

     If the tog said he'd deliver A grade shots but actually delivered D grade – tog is at fault

   • 2022 December 9, “Whats your favourite lens?”, in reddit.com‎^[8], archived from the original on 9 December 2022:

     Been a tog for a few years now, bit by bit expanding my lens library and just the other day picked up a 16-35mm f4 IS, it's pretty great.

Synonyms

• lensman, lenswoman, photog

Anagrams

• -got-, GOT, GTO, GoT, OTG, TGO, got

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *tāga, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tég-os, from *(s)teg- (“to cover”). Compare Latin tegō (“to cover”), Greek τέγος (tégos, “roof”), Old Irish tech (“house”), and others.

Noun

tog m (plural togje, definite togu, definite plural togjet)

1. heap, pile
2. cluster, bunch (of people)

Declension

Declension of tog

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	tog	togu	togje	togjet
accusative		togun
dative	togu	togut	togjeve	togjeve
ablative			togjesh

Derived terms

• toger

Danish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German toge, toch, from Old Saxon *tugi, from Proto-Germanic *tugiz. Cognate with Dutch teug, German Zug, Old English tyge. The sense "train" is derived from German Zug.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɔː(ˀ)ɣ/, [ˈtˢɔˀw], [ˈtˢɔw]
• Homophone: tåg

Noun

tog n (singular definite toget, plural indefinite tog or toge)

1. train
2. expedition

Declension

Declension of tog

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	tog	toget	tog toge	togene
genitive	togs	togets	togs toges	togenes

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /toːˀ/, [ˈtˢoˀ]

Verb

tog

1. past tense of tage

Dutch

Adverb

tog

1. Misspelling of toch.

   Hij kwam tog? ― He came, didn't he?

Faroese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʰoː/

Noun

tog n (genitive singular togs, plural tog)

1. (hemp) rope
2. long hair of a sheep skin

Declension

Declension of tog
n4	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	tog	togið	tog	togini
accusative	tog	togið	tog	togini
dative	tog, togi	tognum	togum	togunum
genitive	togs	togsins	toga	toganna

Icelandic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʰɔːɣ/
• Rhymes: -ɔːɣ

Noun

tog n (genitive singular togs, nominative plural tog)

1. the act of pulling
2. rope

Declension

Declension of tog (neuter)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	tog	togið	tog	togin
accusative	tog	togið	tog	togin
dative	togi	toginu	togum	togunum
genitive	togs	togsins	toga	toganna

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowed from German Zug (sense 1), and German Low German tog, toch (sense 2).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [toːɡ]

Noun

tog n (definite singular toget, indefinite plural tog, definite plural toga or togene)

1. (rail transport) a train (line of connected cars or carriages, often hauled by a locomotive)

   Flere tog kommer innom stasjonen hver dag.

   Several trains stop by the station every day.

2. a procession or parade

   17. mai-toget ― the 17th of May parade

Derived terms

• ekspresstog
• felttog
• fjerntog
• godstog
• høyhastighetstog
• korstog
• lokaltog
• nattog
• passasjertog
• persontog
• regiontog
• togekspeditør
• togfører
• togreise
• togsett
• togtid
• togtur
• togvert
• vogntog

 

References

• “tog” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German tuch (“fare, pulling”) (genitive toges). In the sense of a train, it is a semantic borrow from German Zug.

Noun

tog n (definite singular toget, indefinite plural tog, definite plural toga)

1. (rail transport) a train (as above)
2. a procession or parade

Derived terms

• ekspresstog
• felttog
• fjerntog
• godstog
• lokaltog
• nattog
• passasjertog
• persontog
• regiontog
• togekspeditør
• togførar
• togsett
• togtid
• togtur
• vogntog

 

Etymology 2

From earlier and Old Norse tog, from Proto-Germanic *taugō.

Noun

tog n (definite singular toget, indefinite plural tog, definite plural toga)

1. (pre-2012) alternative form of tau
2. (pre-1938) alternative form of tau

Inflection

Historical inflection of tog indefinite singular definite singular indefinite plural definite plural Aasen1 eit Tog Toget Tog Togi 1901 toget (toge) 1917 toget toga, togi 19382 – – – – 1981 eit tog toget tog toga [togi] 20122 (current) – – – – Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century.

References

• “tog” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• got

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• toga

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtoɣ/

Verb

tog

1. second-person singular imperative of do·goa

Mutation

Mutation of tog

radical	lenition	nasalization
tog	thog	tog pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Norse

Etymology

Possibly from an older Proto-Germanic *tugą. Related to the verb toga.

Noun

tog n

1. rope, line, cord

Declension

  Declension of tog (strong a-stem)

neuter	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	tog	togit	tog	togin
accusative	tog	togit	tog	togin
dative	togi	toginu	togum	togunum
genitive	togs	togsins	toga	toganna

Descendants

• Icelandic: tog
• Faroese: tog
• Norwegian Nynorsk: tau, tog
• Norwegian: (dialectal) taug, tøg, tug
• Norwegian Bokmål: tau
• Old Swedish: tugh, togh
  • Swedish: tåg
• Old Danish: tow
  • Danish: tov

References

• “tog”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɔk/
• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: tog
• Homophone: tok

Noun

tog f

1. genitive plural of toga

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish tócbáil, verbal noun of do·fócaib (“lifts up, raises; takes, takes up; brings; takes away, lifts off, removes; raises, sets up (of stones, buildings, etc.); exalts, uplifts, elevates, extols; rears, brings up, fosters; exacts, levies, raises (a tribute or tax); awakens, rouses, excites”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʰok/

Verb

tog (past thog, future togaidh, verbal noun togail, past participle togta)

1. lift, raise, rear, haul, pick up, hoist
2. build, erect
3. brew, distil
4. carry
5. take away
6. excite, stir, cheer up, rouse
7. exact (as tribute)
8. rear, educate, rear, bring up (a child)
9. hoist, weigh
10. extol
11. (agriculture) make sheaves of corn

Derived terms

• dian-thograch (“ambitious”)
• tog dealbh (“photograph”) (verb)
• tog fianais (“demonstrate”)
• togarrach (“desirous, keen, wishful; inviting, enticing, alluring; stimulating”)

 

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “do·fócaib”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tócbáil”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Edward Dwelly (1911) “tog”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[9], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *tǫgъ. Cognate with Czech tuhý.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tóːk/

Adjective

tọ̑g (comparative bȍlj tọ̑g, superlative nȁjbolj tọ̑g)

1. rigid, stiff

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Hard
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom. sing.	tóg	tóga	tógo
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	tóg ind tógi def	tóga	tógo
genitive	tógega	tóge	tógega
dative	tógemu	tógi	tógemu
accusative	nominativeinan or genitiveanim	tógo	tógo
locative	tógem	tógi	tógem
instrumental	tógim	tógo	tógim
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	tóga	tógi	tógi
genitive	tógih	tógih	tógih
dative	tógima	tógima	tógima
accusative	tóga	tógi	tógi
locative	tógih	tógih	tógih
instrumental	tógima	tógima	tógima
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	tógi	tóge	tóga
genitive	tógih	tógih	tógih
dative	tógim	tógim	tógim
accusative	tóge	tóge	tóga
locative	tógih	tógih	tógih
instrumental	tógimi	tógimi	tógimi

Further reading

• “tog”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “tog”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tuːɡ/

Verb

tog

1. past indicative of ta
2. past indicative of taga

Anagrams

• got.