sok

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sok"

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch sok, from Middle Dutch socke, from Latin soccus, from Ancient Greek σύκχος (súkkhos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɔk/

Noun

sok (plural sokke, diminutive sokkie)

1. (chiefly diminutive) A sock.

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsok]
• Rhymes: -ok

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sokъ.

Noun

sok m anim (female equivalent sokyně)

1. rival

Declension

Declension of sok (velar masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	sok	sokové
genitive	soka	soků
dative	sokovi, soku	sokům
accusative	soka	soky
vocative	soku	sokové
locative	sokovi, soku	socích
instrumental	sokem	soky

Derived terms

• sokyně

 

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sȍkъ (“juice, sap”).

Noun

sok m inan

1. (dialectal) juice, sap

Declension

Declension of sok (velar masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	sok	soky
genitive	soku	soků
dative	soku	sokům
accusative	sok	soky
vocative	soku	soky
locative	soku	socích
instrumental	sokem	soky

Further reading

• “sok”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “sok”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “sok”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Anagrams

• kos

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse sokkr.

Noun

sok c (singular definite sokken, plural indefinite sokker)

1. sock

Inflection

Declension of sok

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sok	sokken	sokker	sokkerne
genitive	soks	sokkens	sokkers	sokkernes

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch socke, from Latin soccus, from Ancient Greek σύκχος (súkkhos). The current sense derived from German Socke.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɔk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: sok
• Rhymes: -ɔk

Noun

sok f or m (plural sokken, diminutive sokje n)

1. sock

Derived terms

• held op sokken
• kindersok
• sokpop
• sportsok
• teensok

Descendants

• Afrikaans: sok
• → Papiamentu: sok (dated)

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

sok

1. (anatomy) breast, nipple
2. a mother's milk

Hungarian

Etymology

From a Turkic language, compare to Turkish çok and Azerbaijani çox.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʃok]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: sok
• Rhymes: -ok

Adjective

sok (comparative több, superlative legtöbb)

1. much, many

   Synonyms: számos, számtalan, nagyszámú, megannyi, rengeteg

   Antonym: kevés

2. (in the plural) many/several people

Usage notes

Its plural form refers to people. To denote things, sok minden (“many things”) is commonly used.

Declension

Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	sok	sokak
accusative	sokat	sokakat
dative	soknak	sokaknak
instrumental	sokkal	sokakkal
causal-final	sokért	sokakért
translative	sokká	sokakká
terminative	sokig	sokakig
essive-formal	sokként	sokakként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	sokban	sokakban
superessive	sokon	sokakon
adessive	soknál	sokaknál
illative	sokba	sokakba
sublative	sokra	sokakra
allative	sokhoz	sokakhoz
elative	sokból	sokakból
delative	sokról	sokakról
ablative	soktól	sokaktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	soké	sokaké
non-attributive possessive - plural	sokéi	sokakéi

Some of its possessive forms (single possession with plural possessor) are possible in the partitive sense (“many of us​/​you​/​them”):

Possessive forms of sok
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	—	—
2nd person sing.	—	—
3rd person sing.	—	—
1st person plural	sokunk	—
2nd person plural	sokatok	—
3rd person plural	sokuk	—

(See also a list of partitive pronoun forms.)

Derived terms

• sokadalom
• sokadik
• sokall
• sokaság
• sokasodik
• soká
• sokáig
• sokára
• sokfajta
• sokféle
• sokkal
• sokszor
• sokszoros

 

Compound words

• sok-sok
• sokoldalú
• sokrétű
• sokszínű
• sokszög

 

(Non-institutionalized adjectival compounds with single-element numerals [excerpt]):
sokezres, sokmilliós, sokmilliárdos, sokbilliós; soknapi, soknapos, sokhetes, sokheti, sokéves, sokévi, sokhavi; soknaponta, soknaponként, sokhavonta, sokhavonként, sokévente, sokévenként; sokirányú, sokoldalas, sokoldalú, sokkötetes, sokdimenziós, sokszázalékos, sokfős, sokfőnyi, soknyelvű, sokgyerekes / sokgyermekes, soktagú, sokelemű, sokrészes, sokemeletes, sokrétegű, sokszintes, sokablakos, sokajtós, soküléses, sokjegyű, sokpontos, sokszavas, sokbetűs, soksoros; sokeurós; soklábú, sokágú, sokfejű, sokkezű, sokkarú, sokszemű, sokfülű, soklevelű.

Expressions

• ami sok, az sok
• jóból is megárt a sok
• sok beszédnek sok az alja
• sok jó ember kis helyen is elfér
• sok kicsi sokra megy
• sok szerencsét

 

Further reading

• sok in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Anagrams

• kos

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• so

Adjective

sok

1. bogus, pretentious, false

Derived terms

• sok-sokan

 

Verb

sok

1. dissemble, dissimulate

   Synonyms: menyembunyikan, menyamarkan, menyelubungi, berdalih, menutup-nutupi

2. counterfeit

   Synonyms: meniru, memalsukan, melancungkan, mirip, pura-pura

Noun

sok (first-person possessive sokku, second-person possessive sokmu, third-person possessive soknya)

1. bluff, deception
2. socket
3. sock

Conjunction

sok

1. as if, as though

Mauritian Creole

Noun

sok

1. shock

Middle English

Noun

sok

1. Alternative form of souke

Old Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /sɔk/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /sɔk/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sȍkъ (“juice”).

Noun

sok m animacy unattested

1. juice; sap

   Synonyms: moszcz, oskoła, suk

   • 1874-1891 [1444], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności‎^{[1], [2], [3]}, volume XXIII, page 305:

     Tucznoscz, sok, knotem sszye natopionym succum linteolo suggit ebrio

     [Tuczność, sok, knotem z sie natopionym succum linteolo suggit ebrio]

   • 1900 [c. 1465], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2‎^[4], number 4016:

     Szok mlodego makv opium

     [Sok młodego maku opium]

Descendants

• Polish: sok

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sokъ (“accuser”).

Noun

sok m animacy unattested

1. (attested in Lesser Poland) slanderer, calumniator

   Synonyms: orzeczca, osoczca, pochlebnik, potwarca, soczca

   • 1885-2024 [End of the 15th century], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne‎^[5], volume V, Kurów (Bochnia), page 105:

     Rzecznyczko nascha dobra, ... racz za namy orądowacz, naschym sokom odpowyadacz

     [Rzeczniczko nasza dobra, ... racz za nami orędować, naszym sokom odpowiadać]

Related terms

nouns

• osoczca
• osoka
• soczca

 

verbs

• osoczyć pf
• soczyć impf

 

Further reading

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “1. sok”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “2. sok”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish sok (“juice”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɔk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: sok
• Homophone: Sok

Noun

sok m inan (diminutive soczek)

1. juice

   Nalej mi jeszcze soku. ― Pour me some more juice.

2. sap

Declension

Declension of sok

	singular	plural
nominative	sok	soki
genitive	soku	soków
dative	sokowi	sokom
accusative	sok	soki
instrumental	sokiem	sokami
locative	soku	sokach
vocative	soku	soki

Derived terms

adjectives

• soczysty
• sokowy

 

nouns

• bezsoczność
• osocze
• sokowirówka
• sokownik

 

Further reading

• sok in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• sok in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• M. Arcta Słownik Staropolski/Sok on the Polish Wikisource.Wikisource ^pl

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sȍkъ (“juice, sap”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sakás, from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷós.

Noun

sȏk m (Cyrillic spelling со̑к)

1. juice

Declension

Declension of sok

	singular	plural
nominative	sȏk	sòkovi
genitive	soka	sokova
dative	soku	sokovima
accusative	sok	sokove
vocative	soče	sokovi
locative	soku	sokovima
instrumental	sokom	sokovima

Further reading

• “sok”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sȍkъ (“juice, sap”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sakás, from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷós.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sóːk/

Noun

sọ̑k m inan

1. juice (liquid from a plant)

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem, plural in -ôv-
nom. sing.	sók
gen. sing.	sóka
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	sók	sokôva	sokôvi
genitive (rodȋlnik)	sóka	sokôv	sokôv
dative (dajȃlnik)	sóku	sokôvoma	sokôvom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	sók	sokôva	sokôve
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	sóku	sokôvih	sokôvih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	sókom	sokôvoma	sokôvi

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	sók
gen. sing.	sóka
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	sók	sóka	sóki
genitive (rodȋlnik)	sóka	sókov	sókov
dative (dajȃlnik)	sóku	sókoma	sókom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	sók	sóka	sóke
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	sóku	sókih	sókih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	sókom	sókoma	sóki

Further reading

• “sok”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024

Zhuang

Pronunciation

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /θoːk˧˥/
• Tone numbers: sok⁷
• Hyphenation: sok

Noun

sok (1957–1982 spelling sok)

1. pier