si

See also: Appendix:Variations of "si"

Languages (95)

Translingual • English

---

Albanian • Alemannic German • Asturian • Bahnar • Belizean Creole • Bikol Central • Catalan • Central Franconian • Chamorro • Chavacano • Cimbrian • Cornish • Czech • Dalmatian • Danish • Dutch • Esperanto • Ewe • Fala • French • Friulian • Galician • Gothic • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Haitian Creole • Hanunoo • Iau • Ido • Indonesian • Interlingua • Italian • Jamaican Creole • Japanese • Japhug • Kabuverdianu • Kankanaey • Khumi Chin • Koro (India) • Kusaal • Ladin • Latin • Latvian • Lolopo • Louisiana Creole • Luxembourgish • Macanese • Malay • Mandarin • Mauritian Creole • Middle Dutch • Middle English • Middle French • Middle Low German • Mòcheno • Mokilese • Molo • Nalca • Norman • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old English • Old French • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old High German • Old Saxon • Pali • Papiamentu • Portuguese • Quapaw • Romagnol • Romani • Romanian • Romansch • Sassarese • Savi • Serbo-Croatian • Slovak • Slovene • Spanish • Sumerian • Swahili • Tagalog • Ternate • Tok Pisin • Turkish • Vietnamese • Volapük • Waigali • Walloon • Welsh • Yoruba • Zhuang • Zou

---

Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

si

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Sinhalese.

English

Alternative forms

• ti

Etymology

From Middle English si (“seventh degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian si in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the initials of Latin Sāncte Iohannēs (“Saint John (the Baptist)”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon; thus, also an initialism of Sāncte Iohannēs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siː/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iː
• Homophones: C, cee, sea, see

Noun

si (plural sis)

1. (music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the seventh note of a major scale.

Translations

See si/translations § Noun.

Anagrams

• 'is, I's, IS, Is, i's, is, is-, is.

Albanian

Etymology

Varying reconstructions. Orel descends it from Proto-Albanian *tšei, Matzinger from Proto-Albanian *čī. Ultimately from instrumental Proto-Indo-European *kwi-h₁. Compare Latin qui (“how, why”), Old English hwȳ, hwī (“why”). An interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [si]

Adverb

si

1. how; in what way; in what state

   Si janë shokët e tu? ― How are your friends?

2. like, as

   Si e dini, nuk kemi filluar ende.

   As you know, we've not yet begun.

Derived terms

• disi
• sido
• sidoqoftë

 

See also

• qysh

Alemannic German

Etymology 1

From Old High German siu, from Proto-Germanic *sī. Cognate with German sie (“she; it”), Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si), Old English sēo.

Pronoun

si f

1. she
2. it (for referents of the feminine grammatical gender)

Declension

Alemannic German personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	possessive m
1st person singular		ich, i	mich, mi	mir, mier, mer	min, miin
2nd person singular	familiar	du	dich, di	dir, dier, der	din, diin
	polite	Si		Ine, Ene, -ne	Ire
3rd person singular	m	er	in, en	im	sin, siin
	f	si		ire
	n	es, 's, -s		im	sin, siin
1st person plural		mir, mer	üs, öis, ois, eus		üse, öise, oise, euse
2nd person plural		ir, ier	öi, eu		öie, eure
3rd person plural		si		ine, ene, -ne	ire

Etymology 2

From Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.

Pronoun

si pl

1. they

Declension

Alemannic German personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	possessive m
1st person singular		ich, i	mich, mi	mir, mier, mer	min, miin
2nd person singular	familiar	du	dich, di	dir, dier, der	din, diin
	polite	Si		Ine, Ene, -ne	Ire
3rd person singular	m	er	in, en	im	sin, siin
	f	si		ire
	n	es, 's, -s		im	sin, siin
1st person plural		mir, mer	üs, öis, ois, eus		üse, öise, oise, euse
2nd person plural		ir, ier	öi, eu		öie, eure
3rd person plural		si		ine, ene, -ne	ire

Etymology 3

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with German sein, Dutch zijn, West Frisian syn, Icelandic sinn.

Alternative forms

• siin

Determiner

si

1. his

Declension

Inflected forms include:

	Singular			Plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
Nominative Accusative	si	sini	si	sini
Genitive	sines & si's		sines
Dative	si'm & sim	siner	si'm & sim	sine

Etymology 4

From Middle High German sīn, from Old High German sīn. Cognate with German sein, Dutch zijn, Low German sien.

Alternative forms

• sii, siin, sinh, ŝchi

Verb

si

1. (Gressoney) to be

References

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin si.

Conjunction

si

1. if

Bahnar

Etymology

From Proto-Bahnaric *ciː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ciiʔ (“louse”); cognate with Vietnamese chí, chấy.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siː/

Noun

si

1. louse

Belizean Creole

Etymology

From English see.

Verb

si

1. see

References

• Crosbie, Paul, ed. (2007), Kriol-Inglish Dikshineri: English-Kriol Dictionary. Belize City: Belize Kriol Project, pp. 315–316.

Bikol Central

Etymology

Compare Chamorro si, Indonesian si, Malay si, and Tagalog si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/ [si]

Article

si (plural sina)

1. direct marker placed before names or terms of address of people

   Nagdalagan si Juan. ― Juan ran.

   Dinara ninda si Tatay sa ospital. ― They brought Father to the hospital.

2. direct marker placed before an adjective used to refer to a person with those distinct characteristics

   Yaon na si Taba. ― Fatso is here.

3. (Naga) direct marker placed before common nouns

   Synonym: su

   Kinua ko na si pakete. ― I already got the package

See also

• an

 

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [si]
• Homophone: sí
• Rhymes: -i

Etymology 1

From Old Catalan si, from Latin si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

1. if

See also

• si bé
• si de cas
• si doncs no
• si més no
• si no
• si per cas
• si et plau
• si us plau

Etymology 2

From Latin Sancte Iohannes (“Saint John”) in the hymn for St. John the Baptist.

Noun

si m (plural sis)

1. (music) si (seventh note of a diatonic scale)

Etymology 3

From Old Catalan si~sin, from Latin sĭnus.

Noun

si m (plural sins)

1. cavity, depression
2. (anatomy) sinus
3. (figuratively) uterus
4. front portion of the breast
5. (figuratively) heart
6. estuary, bay

See also

• si d'Abraham m

Etymology 4

From Latin sĭbī.

Pronoun

si

1. himself, herself, itself
2. oneself
3. themselves
4. each other

Usage notes

• Si is the stressed (or "strong", or "tonic") form of the reflexive pronoun es. As such, it is used after prepositions.

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi3	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
1st person majestic1	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal1	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person very formal2	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’4	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal2	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural. 2) Behaves grammatically as third person.			3) Only as object of a preposition. 4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

See also

• de si mateix
• en si
• entre si
• fora de si
• per a si
• per si mateix
• tornar en si

See also

• sí

Central Franconian

Alternative forms

• sei, sein (Moselle Franconian)

Etymology

From Middle High German sīn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ziː/, /zi/
• Homophone: sie

Determiner

si (masculine senge or singe, feminine and plural seng or sing)

1. (Ripuarian) his, its (third-person masculine and neuter possessive)

   Wo hät e dann si Jlas henjestallt? ― Where did he put his glass?

Usage notes

• The form seng/sing is used for the neuter when strongly stressed: Dat es sing Jlas! (“That's his glass!”) Contrariwise, the form si may be used for the masculine and feminine when unstressed, chiefly with words for relatives: si Papp (“his father”, but less common than senge Papp).

Chamorro

Etymology

Compare Bikol Central si, Indonesian si, and Malay si.

Preposition

si

1. Subject marker for personal names

Chavacano

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/, [si]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Spanish sí.

Particle

si

1. yes

Etymology 2

Inherited from Spanish si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

1. if

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

• zi (Sette Comuni)

Etymology

From Middle High German si(e), from Old High German siu, from Proto-West Germanic *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī, nominative singular feminine of *iz. Cognate with German sie.

Pronoun

si

1. (Luserna) she, it

Inflection

Personal pronouns
	singular	plural
1st person	i	biar
2nd person	du	iar
3rd person	er, si, 'z	se

References

• “si” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Cornish

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

si m (plural siow)

1. hiss, buzz

Derived terms

• edhen si (“hummingbird”)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

si

1. (transitive) to fancy

Derived terms

• sians (“notion, whim”)

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsɪ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

si (reflexive)

1. clitic dative of sebe:

   to oneself

   to myself

   to yourself

   Posluž si. ― Serve yourself.

   to himself

   to herself

   to itself

   to ourselves

   to yourselves

   to themselves

   Synonym: (stressed) sobě

Further reading

• “si”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “si”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin sex.

Numeral

si

1. six

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse sía (“to sieve, filter”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siː/, [siːˀ]
• Rhymes: -i
• Rhymes: -iː

Noun

si c (singular definite sien, plural indefinite sier)

1. sieve
2. strainer
3. colander

Inflection

Declension of si

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	si	sien	sier	sierne
genitive	sis	siens	siers	siernes

Verb

si (imperative si, infinitive at si, present tense sier, past tense siede, perfect tense har siet)

1. sieve
2. strain
3. sift

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

si m or f (plural si's, diminutive sietje n)

1. musical note; ti

Anagrams

• is

Esperanto

Etymology

From Italian si, French soi, Spanish se, Latin se, plus the i of personal pronouns.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [si]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: si

Pronoun

si (reflexive, accusative sin, possessive sia)

1. himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself

Usage notes

The reflexive pronoun si is only used to refer to the third person (In English: he/she/it/they) not the first or second person (In English: I/we/you). When the subject of a sentence is first or second person, the same pronoun is repeated (with the accusative ending -n added if needed) instead of using si. (E.g. "they wash themselves" is ili lavas sin, but "I wash myself" is mi lavas min, instead of *mi lavas sin.)

Ewe

Verb

si

1. to escape

Fala

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).

Conjunction

si

1. if (used to introduce a condition or choice)
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

     I si “a patria do homi é sua lengua”, cumu idía Albert Camus, o que está claru é que a lengua está mui por encima de fronteiras, serras, rius i maris, de situaciós pulíticas i sociu-económicas, de lazus religiosus e inclusu familiaris.

     And if “a man’s homeland is his language”, as Albert Camus said, what is clear is that language is above borders, mountain ranges, rivers and seas, above political and socio-economic situations, of religious and even family ties.

Etymology 2

Pronoun

si

1. Alternative form of se
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:

     As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.

     The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, Fala is yet another treasure among them.

French

French phrasebook

This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: ci, scie, scient, scies

Etymology 1

From Old French se, from Latin si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

1. if, whether

   Je me demande si elle sera seule. ― I wonder if she'll be alone.

   Je veux savoir si tu viendras ou non. ― I want to know if you're coming or not.

2. if (assuming that)

   Si j’avais ses pouvoirs, je créerais un monde où le mal n’existe pas. ― If I had his power, I'd create a world where evil didn't exist.

   Si tu n’avais pas appelé, je serais morte. ― If you hadn't called, I'd be dead.

3. even if
4. although, while

Usage notes

Elided preceding il or ils, resulting in the contracted forms s’il and s’ils.

Derived terms

• avec des si on mettrait Paris en bouteille
• comme si
• même si
• si ce n’est
• si et seulement si
• si possible
• si seulement
• sinon

 

Etymology 2

From Old French si, from Latin sic (“so, thus”). Doublet of sic.

Interjection

si

1. yes (used to contradict a negative statement)

   Synonym: (archaic) si fait

   Tu ne m’aimes pas, n’est-ce pas ? — Si !

   You don’t like me, do you? — Yes, I do!

   Moi, je n’ai rien fait ! — Si !

   I didn't do anything! — Yes, you did!

Usage notes

The positive particle usage is uncommon in Québec, where most speakers use oui instead.

Adverb

si

1. so, such (intensifier)

   J’étais si fatigué ces jours-ci que je n’avais pas le courage de vous écrire.

   I was so tired those days that I didn't have the energy to write to you.

   Cela n’aurait pas été une si bonne idée.

   That wouldn't have been such a good idea.

2. (si + adjective/adverb + que ...) however (to whatever extent or degree)

   Synonyms: aussi, tout, quelque

   Si bavard qu’il soit, il ne dit rien de stupide.

   However talkative he may be, he doesn't say anything stupid.

   • 2017, Luc Brisson, Platon:

     Mais un législateur qui aurait un tant soit peu de worth, si infime soit elle, quand bien même il n’en irait pas comme l’argument vient de le démontrer, n’aurait-il pas commis en cette occasion, plus qu’en n’importe quelle autre circonstance où il aurait eu l’audace de mentir aux jeunes gens dans l’intérêt du bien, son plus utile mensonge, celui capable de faire que tous, non pas de force mais de leur plein gré, se conduisent de façon entièrement juste ?

     But a legislator who would have the slightest bit of valour, however tiny it may be, even if it were not as the argument has just demonstrated, would he not have committed on this occasion, more than in any other circumstance where he would have had the audacity to lie to young people in the interest of the good, his most useful lie, the one capable of making everyone, not by force but of their own accord, behave in an entirely just fashion?

Usage notes

• In the sense however, the verb is usually in the subjunctive.
• The que is sometimes replaced by an inverted-subject construction with a subjunctive verbal element and nominal, usually a personal pronoun.

  si heureuse soit-elle ― however happy she may be

  si faible paraisse-t-il ― however weak he may seem

Etymology 3

Noun

si m (plural si)

1. (music) si, the note 'B'

Derived terms

• si majeur

Further reading

• “si”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin se.

Pronoun

si (third person)

1. (reflexive pronoun) himself, herself

Related terms

• lui
• jê

Galician

"Statute of Galicia: [vote] yes", pro-Galician devolved government, 1936

Etymology 1

From Latin sīc.

Interjection

si

1. yes

   Antonym: non

Etymology 2

From Latin sē, ablative and accusative pronoun form.

Pronoun

si (accusative se, dative se)

1. himself, herself, itself
2. themselves

Usage notes

The pronoun si is used exclusively as the object of a preposition; no nominative form exists.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

si m (plural sis)

1. (music) si (musical note)
2. (music) B (the musical note or key)

See also

• (musical notes) nota musical; dó, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si ^{(Category: gl:Music)}

Gothic

Romanization

si

1. Romanization of 𐍃𐌹

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese se. Cognate with Kabuverdianu si.

Conjunction

si

1. if

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Conjunction

si

1. if

Hanunoo

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi/ [ˈsi]
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: si

Article

si (Hanunoo spelling ᜰᜲ)

1. a form preposed to personal names

   Si Gawid ― Gawid

   Sintay si Luyon?

   Who is Luyon?

   Kang manok si manayti.

   My bird the manayti (small bird)

See also

• kan
• kay
• ni
• ti

 

Further reading

• Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 244

Iau

Noun

si

1. woman

References

• Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian sì, Spanish sí.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Adverb

si

1. (archaic) yes

   Synonym: yes

   Antonym: no

References

• Progreso I (in Ido), 1908–1909, page 10

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

• Audio (Indonesia):

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Austronesian *si. Compare Bikol Central si, Chamorro si, and Malay si, Tagalog si.

Article

si

1. Definite article used before the names of those with whom the speaker and interlocutor is intimate

   Tiada satupun yang berani pada si Tigor pemberani. ― No one dared to brave Tigor.

   Kukatakan pada si Yopi kecil, janganlah marah ― I said to little Yopi, don't angry.

   Kudengar bahwa si Tuti besar sedang sakit ― I hear that big Tuti is ill.

2. Definite article used before a noun referring to a particular person in a category

   Si penjual jamu itu cantik sekali. ― That jamu seller is very pretty.

   Dia tertawa dengan si orang asing itu. ― She was laughing with the foreigner.

   Si pemuda itu tersenyum lebar lalu pergi. ― The young man smiled broadly then left.

3. Definite article used before an adjective referring to a person whose well-known characteristics are referred to by the adjective

   Namanya si Putih ― Its name is Whitey.

   Si Gendut ― Fatso

   Si Goblok ― Old Muttonhead

4. Definite article used before animals

   si kucing ― the cat

Etymology 2

Noun

si

1. (law enforcement) aphetic form of seksi (“section”)

Etymology 3

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 市(し) (shi, “city”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.

Noun

si

1. (historical, 1942-1945) Synonym of kota (“city”)

Further reading

• “si” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Adverb

si

1. yes

Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin se (“him-, her-, it-, themselves”, reflexive third-person pronoun). Cognate with Spanish se and Portuguese se and si.

Alternative forms

• -si (enclitic)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: si

Pronoun

si

1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

   Il tuo gatto si lava sul mio letto. ― Your cat cleans himself/itself on my bed.

   La tua gatta si lava sul mio letto. ― Your cat cleans herself on my bed.

   Marco si è rotto il braccio. ― Marco has broken his arm.

2. (reciprocal pronoun) each other, one another

   Carlo e Laura si amano. ― Carlo and Laura love each other.

3. (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people

   In Italia si pranza intorno all'una. ― In Italy they eat lunch around 13.

   In Italia si tende ad andare a letto tardi. ― In Italy, people tend to go to bed late.

   Si dice che Maria volesse uccidere Giovanni. ― It is said that Maria wanted to kill Giovanni.

   Da questa finestra si vede la banca. ― From this window, one can see the bank.

4. (si passivante) Used to form the passive voice of a verb; it

   Si vende latte. / Vendesi latte. ― Milk for sale.

   Non si accettano carte di credito. ― Credit cards are not accepted.

5. (dialectal, notably Rome) reflexive and reciprocal first person pronoun, where Standard Italian uses ci

   Se semo fatti sei chilometri a fette. (Ci siamo fatti sei chilometri a piedi.)

   We walked for six kilometers.

   Volemose bene. (Vogliamoci bene.)

   Let's love each other.

   Se la smezzamo? (Ce la dividiamo?)

   Do you want to split?

   • 1483, Matteo Maria Boiardo, Orlando Innamorato, I, XVIII, lines 37–39:

     Ambo se poseremo in questo prato
     e domatina, come il giorno pare,
     ritornaremo insieme a battagliare.

     We will both lay down in this meadow
     and tomorrow morning, when the day appears,
     together we will go back to fight.

Usage notes

• When si is part of an infinitive, it can be placed before it as a separate word, but more often it is attached to the end. In this case, the final -e of the infinitive is dropped, or, in the case of infinitives ending in -rre, the final -re is dropped. Examples: amar(e) + si = amarsi; ridur(re) + si = ridursi.
• Often translated using the passive voice in English when used as indefinite personal pronoun:

  Si dice che […] ― It is said that […]

• Verb + si is often translated as become or get + [past participle] in English.
• In cases where si (indefinite pronoun) and si (reflexive pronoun) follow each other, the first si is replaced with ci:

  Ci si lava. ― One washes oneself.

  (instead of: *Si si lava.)

• Becomes se when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).

See also

Italian personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Reflexive	Accusative	Dative	Combined	Disjunctive	Locative	Partitive
Singular	first	—	io	mi, m', -mi			me	me	—
	second	—	tu	ti, t', -ti			te	te
	third	m	lui	si2, s', -si	lo, l', -lo	gli, -gli	glie, se2	lui, sé	ci, c', vi, v' (formal)	ne, n'
		f	lei, Lei1		la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1	le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1		lei, Lei1, sé
Plural	first	—	noi	ci, c', -ci			ce	noi	—
	second	—	voi, Voi4	vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4			ve	voi, Voi4
	third	m	loro, Loro1	si, s', -si	li, Li1, -li, -Li1	gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1	glie, se	loro, Loro1, sé	ci, c', vi, v' (formal)	ne, n'
		f			le, Le1, -le, -Le1
1	Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
2	Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
3	Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language.
4	Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi/, /ˈsi/^*
• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: sì

Noun

si

1. (music) si (musical note B)

See also

• sì
• ci

Further reading

• si in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Jamaican Creole

Etymology

Derived from English see.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Verb

si

1. to see

   Mi wuda laik si im tu.

   I'd like to see him too.

Preposition

si

1. (Used with ya) Here is; here are.

   Si Jan ya.

   Here is John.

   Si yu buk-dem ya.

   Here are your books.

Further reading

• si at majstro.com

Japanese

Romanization

si

1. The katakana syllable スィ (si) in Hepburn-like romanization.

Japhug

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səj (“to die”). Cognate with Tibetan ཤི (shi), Chinese 死 (OC *hljiʔ).

Verb

si

1. (Kamnyu, intransitive) to die

Etymology 2

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ ~ *sik (“tree; wood; firewood”). Cognate with Tibetan ཤིང (shing, “tree”), Chinese 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”), Tangut 𗝠 (*sji¹, “tree”).

Noun

si

1. (Kamnyu) tree
2. (Kamnyu) wood

References

• Guillaume Jacques, Argument Demotion in Japhug Rgyalrong (2012)
• Guillaume Jacques (2021) A grammar of Japhug‎^[2], Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN

Kabuverdianu

Etymology 1

From Portuguese se.

Conjunction

si

1. if

Etymology 2

From Portuguese sim.

Adverb

si

1. yes

Kankanaey

Alternative forms

• hi
• sis

Pronunciation

• (Standard Kankanaey) IPA^(key): /si/ [si̞]
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: si

Article

si

1. oblique argument, specifically a common nominal indefinite marker

See also

• (oblique arguments) sin, si, sis, ed, en, en da

References

• Janet L. Allen (2014) Kankanaey: A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis‎^[3] (overall work in English), →ISBN, page 128

Khumi Chin

Si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sʰi˩/

Noun

si

1. wild cow

References

• K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin‎^[4], Payap University, page 50

Koro (India)

Noun

si

1. water

References

• Roger Blench, Mark Post, (De)classifying Arunachal languages: Reconstructing the evidence (2011)

Kusaal

Etymology

from French scie (“saw”)

Noun

si

1. saw (tool)

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Adjective

si

1. (possessive) his, her, hers, its, their

Latin

Alternative forms

• sei (standard in Republican spelling)

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *sei (“so, thus”) used in parataxis, likely via the meaning "in this" as the locative singular of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”); this older meaning is preserved in Latin sīc as well as in the oath sī dīs placet, cf. English so help me God. Related to Old English sē (“he, that”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /siː/, [s̠iː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /si/, [siː]

Conjunction

sī

1. if, supposing that

   Sī versūs hōrum duōrum poētārum neglegētis, magnā parte litterārum carēbitis.

   If you neglect the verses of these two poets, you will miss a great part of literature.

2. whether (when a verb of seeing or trying is the main verb in the apodosis; or when sī is used twice correlatively)

   sī... sī ― whether... or

Derived terms

• sīc (“so, thus”)
• sīcut (“as”)
• sīs (“if you will”)
• sīve / seu (“disjunctive sī”)
• sōdēs (“if you will”)
• ac sī (“just as if”)
• nisi (“unless”)
• quasi (“as if, like”)
• sī(n) aliter (“if otherwise”)
• sī dīs placet (“expr. of indignant surprise”)
• sīcubi (“if anywhere”)
• sīcunde (“if from anywhere”)
• sīn (“if however”)
• sī mē amās (“please”)
• sī minus (“if not”)
• sī modo (“provided that”)
• sī nōn (“if not”)
• sī̆ quandō (“if ever”)
• sī̆ quidem (“if/since indeed”)
• sī quis / sī quid (“if anybody/anything”)
• sī vīs (“if you like”)
• sī vīvō (“as sure as I'm alive”)
• sī nōndum (“if not yet”)

Descendants

• Aromanian: si
• Catalan: si
• Franco-Provençal: se
• French: si
• Friulian: se
• Galician: se
• Italian: se
• Occitan: se
• Portuguese: se
  • Guinea-Bissau Creole: si
  • Kabuverdianu: si
  • Papiamentu: si
• Romanian: să
• Romansch: sche
• Sicilian: si
• Spanish: si

References

• si in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• si in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• si in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• si in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• si in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sī, sīc”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 561

Latvian

Noun

si m (invariable)

1. (music) si

Lolopo

Etymology

From Proto-Loloish *ʃe² (“to die”), from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *səj¹ (“to die”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səj (“to die”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sz̩³³]

Verb

si 

1. (Yao'an) to die

Noun

si 

1. (Yao'an) death

References

• Merrifield, Judith, Merrifield, Scott (2018) “Query for si”, in Yao'an Loxrlavu – English Dictionary (in Chinese), SIL International

Louisiana Creole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/
• Rhymes: -i

Etymology 1

Inherited from French si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

1. if

Etymology 2

Inherited from French si (“so”).

Adverb

si

1. so (intensifier)

Etymology 3

Louisiana Creole cardinal numbers

<  5	6	7  >
Cardinal : si

Inherited from French six (“six”).

Numeral

si

1. six

Usage notes

• Precedes consonant-initial words. See usage notes at sis.

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zi/

Pronoun

si

1. third-person feminine singular, nominative: she

   Si ass eng ganz schéi Fra. ― She is a very beautiful woman

2. third-person feminine singular, accusative: her

   Den Hond huet si gebass. ― The dog bit her

3. third-person plural, nominative: they

   Si si ganz schéi Fraen. ― They are very beautiful women.

4. third-person plural, accusative: them

   Den Hond huet si gebass. ― The dog bit them

Usage notes

• The feminine singular is used chiefly with feminine words for things. Female persons are predominantly treated as grammatically neuter, though the feminine is not impossible. See hatt for more.

Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular		ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
3rd person singular	m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
	f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
	n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
1st person plural		mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
2nd person plural		dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
3rd person plural		si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Macanese

Alternative forms

• se

Etymology

From Portuguese se.

Conjunction

si

1. if (introduces a condition)

   si nunca ― otherwise (literally, “if not”)

   si sâm capaz ― if you are brave / if you dare

   si más pricisâ ― if more is needed

   si já falâ co iou ― if you had told me

   si vosôtro querê vêm ― if you (pl.) want to come

   iou vai olâ si têm ― I'm going to see if there is any

   si têm vagar lôgo vêm ― I'll come if I have time

Derived terms

• nunca-si

References

• https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *si₁. Compare Compare Berik si, Chamorro si, Indonesian si, and Tagalog si.

Article

si

1. the (primarily used with people, rarely necessary)

   Ke mana perginya si budak nakal yang aku jumpa di taman tadi?

   Where has the brat I just met in the park headed to?

2. definite particle used with adjectives to describe people

   si mati

   the dead (person)

3. a definite article used in names or nicknames

   Si Polan

   John Doe

Synonyms

• sang (more formal)

Mandarin

Romanization

si (si⁵／si⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄙ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 廁／厕

si

1. Nonstandard spelling of sī.
2. Nonstandard spelling of sǐ.
3. Nonstandard spelling of sì.

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From French si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Conjunction

si

1. if

Derived terms

• sinon

 

Interjection

si

1. yes (used to contradict a negative statement)

Middle Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ziː/

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch sia.

Alternative forms

• sie, soe, so

Pronoun

si

1. she

Inflection

Middle Dutch personal pronouns

	singular					plural
	1st	2nd	3rd			1st	2nd	3rd
			masc.	fem.	neut.
nominative	ic	du	hi	si	het	wi	gi	si
accusative	mi	di	hem, hen	haer		ons	u	hem, hen
dative					hem, hen
genitive	mijn	dijn	sijn	haer	sijn	onse	uwe	haer

Descendants

• Dutch: zij
  • Afrikaans: sy
• Limburgish: zie

Etymology 2

From Old Dutch sia.

Alternative forms

• sie

Pronoun

si

1. they (all genders)
   • 1249, Schepenbrief van Bochoute, Velzeke, eastern Flanders:

     Si maken bekent die nu sien ende wesen selen

     They make known to those who are now and will be

Inflection

Middle Dutch personal pronouns

	singular					plural
	1st	2nd	3rd			1st	2nd	3rd
			masc.	fem.	neut.
nominative	ic	du	hi	si	het	wi	gi	si
accusative	mi	di	hem, hen	haer		ons	u	hem, hen
dative					hem, hen
genitive	mijn	dijn	sijn	haer	sijn	onse	uwe	haer

Descendants

• Dutch: zij
• Limburgish: zie

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

si

1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of wēsen

Further reading

• “si (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “si (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “si (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Etymology

From Old English sīe, singular subjunctive of wesan, from Proto-Germanic *sijǭ (first person), *sijēs (second person), and *sijē (third person), singular subjunctive forms of *wesaną.

Verb

si

1. (Early Middle English, rare) singular present subjunctive of been

Middle French

Alternative forms

• se

Etymology

From Old French se.

Adverb

si

1. if
2. then (afterwards; following)

Descendants

• French: si

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

• Possibly: IPA^(key): /siː/
• Certainly: Stem vowel: ê⁴
  • IPA^(key): /siɛ/, /siə/

Pronoun

sî

1. Alternative form of sê

Mòcheno

Etymology

From Middle High German si(e), from Old High German siu, from Proto-West Germanic *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī, nominative singular feminine of *iz. Cognate with German sie.

Pronoun

si

1. she, it

Inflection

Personal pronouns
	singular	plural
1st person	i	biar
2nd person	du	ir
3rd person	er, si, s	sei

References

• “si” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Mokilese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

Noun

si

1. ear

Declension

Possessive forms of si (tight inalienable possession, oa/a stem)

singular possessor	first person		sioaioa
	second person		sioamwen
	third person		sioa
dual possessors	first person inclusive		siasa
	first person exclusive		siama
	second person		siamwa
	third person		siara
plural possessors	first person inclusive		siasai
	first person exclusive		siamai
	second person		siamwai
	third person		siarai
remote plural possessors	first person inclusive		siahs
	first person exclusive		siemi
	second person		siemwi
	third person		siahr
construct form			sien

Molo

Noun

si

1. water

References

• Marvin Lionel Bender, Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics (1989)
• [5]

Nalca

Noun

si

1. tooth
2. name

Norman

Etymology

From Old French si, from Latin si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

1. (Guernsey) if

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siː/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse segja, from Proto-Germanic *sagjaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to say”).

Verb

si (imperative si, present tense sier, passive sies, past tense sa, past participle sagt, present participle siende)

1. to say

Derived terms

• avsi
• forutsi
• fremsi
• lettere sagt enn gjort
• selvsagt
• si det med blomster
• siende
• sigende
• sjølsagt
• så å si

 

See also

• seie, seia (Nynorsk)

Etymology 2

Determiner

si

1. feminine singular of sin

See also

    Personal pronouns in Bokmål

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
					feminine	masculine	neuter	plural
Singular	First	–	jeg	meg	mi	min	mitt	mine
	Second	general	du	deg	di	din	ditt	dine
		formal (rare)	De	Dem	Deres
	Third	feminine (person)	hun	henne	hennes
		masculine (person)	han	ham / han	hans
		feminine (noun)	den		dens
		masculine (noun)
		neuter (noun)	det		dets
		reflexive	–	seg	si	sin	sitt	sine
Plural	First	–	vi	oss	vår		vårt	våre
	Second	general	dere		deres
		formal (very rare)	De	Dem	Deres
	Third	general	de	dem	deres
		reflexive	–	seg	si	sin	sitt	sine

Etymology 3

See the main entry.

Noun

si (uncountable)

1. Alternative form of side, used only in the phrase på si.

Etymology 4

Noun

si (uncountable)

1. (music) si (seventh note of a major scale)

References

• “si” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “si” in The Ordnett Dictionary

Anagrams

• -is, is

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Determiner

si f

1. feminine singular of sin

Etymology 2

Acronym of Latin Sancte Ioannes, the phrase ending the hymn Ut queant laxis from earlier words of which the other notes of solfège were derived. A younger alteration, ti, allows for every note of the solfège to begin with a different letter.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siː/
• Homophone: sid

Noun

si m (definite singular si-en, indefinite plural si-ar, definite plural si-ane)

2. (music) si, a syllable used in seventh note of a major scale

Coordinate terms

• (scale of solfège): do, re, mi, fa, so (or sol), la, ti (or si), do

Etymology 3

Akin to the first part of Old Norse síþráðr.

Noun

si n (definite singular siet, uncountable)

1. (collective, nautical, dated) tatters of rope used to stop leakage

Etymology 4

Doublet of side.

Noun

si ?

1. Used only idiomatically in the prepositional phrase på si.

Etymology 5

Clipping of sidan.

Adverb

si

1. (dialectal) since
2. (dialectal) ago
3. (dialectal) because, for

References

• “si” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• IS, is, SI, si-

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siː/

Verb

sī

1. Alternative form of sīe

Old French

Alternative forms

• se
• s' (before a vowel)

Etymology 1

From Latin sic.

Adverb

si

1. so; thus; in such a way
   • c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:

     Si li a dit eneslepas

     So he said to him quickly

Descendants

• French: si
• Norman: si

Etymology 2

See se.

Conjunction

si

1. Alternative form of se (if)

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin sīc (“thus; so”), from Proto-Indo-European *so (“this, that”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

Adverb

si

1. yes, affirmatively
   • 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 84 (facsimile):

     ſi ou non

     yes or no

Descendants

• Fala: sí
• Galician: si
• Portuguese: sim

Old High German

Verb

sī

1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of wesan

Old Saxon

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Article

si

1. feminine nominative singular of sē

Declension

Declension of si

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
nominative	sē	that	si, sia	thē, thie
accusative	than, then	that	thē, thie	thē, thie
genitive	thēs	thēs	thēra	thēra
dative	thēm	thēm	thēra	thēm
instrumental	thiu, thia, thuo, thuru		-

Pali

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit शी (śī).

Root

si

1. to lie down

Derived terms

Verbs

• sayati
• sayāpeti
• seti

 

Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit श्रि (śri).

Root

si

1. to rest on

Usage notes

The initial consonant tends to geminate after prefixes.

Derived terms

Verbs

• nissayati

 

Non-present participles, gerundives, absolutives and infinitives

• nissāya
• sita

 

Nouns

• nissaya

 

Etymology 3

Inherited from Sanskrit सि (si).

Root

si

1. to bind

Derived terms

Pali terms belonging to the root si (bind) (0 c, 3 e)

Papiamentu

Etymology 1

From Spanish si and Portuguese se and Kabuverdianu si.

Conjunction

si

1. if
2. when

Etymology 2

From Spanish sí and Portuguese sim and Kabuverdianu si.

Adverb

si

1. yes

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: si

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese si, from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye, dative of *swé (“self”). Cognate with French soi, Italian sé, Spanish sí.

Alternative forms

• sy (obsolete)

Pronoun

si (reflexive)

1. (following a preposition) oneself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, yourselves, themselves

See also

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number	Person	Nominative (subject)		Accusative (direct object)		Dative (indirect object)	Prepositional		Prepositional with com		Non-declining
		m	f	m	f	m and f	m	f	m	f	m	f
Singular	First	eu		me			mim		comigo
	Second	tu		te			ti		contigo		você
											o senhor	a senhora
	Third	ele	ela	o (lo, no)	a (la, na)	lhe	ele	ela	com ele	com ela	o mesmo	a mesma
				se			si		consigo
Plural	First	nós		nos			nós		connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil)		a gente
	Second	vós		vos			vós		convosco, com vós		vocês
											os senhores	as senhoras
	Third	eles	elas	os (los, nos)	as (las, nas)	lhes	eles	elas	com eles	com elas	os mesmos	as mesmas
				se			si		consigo
Indefinite				se			si		consigo

Etymology 2

From Latin Sancte Iohannes (“Saint John”) in the hymn for St. John the Baptist.

Noun

si m (plural sis)

1. si (musical note)

Coordinate terms

• (C major scale) escala de dó maior; dó, ré, mi, fá, sol, lá, si

Etymology 3

Conjunction

si

1. Eye dialect spelling of se, representing Brazil Portuguese.

Etymology 4

Possibly borrowed from Spanish sí or a clipping of sim.

Interjection

si

1. (Rio Grande do Sul, informal, Internet slang) yes (affirmative answer)

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:sim

Quapaw

Etymology

Cognate with Assiniboine sihá, Dakota sihá, Lakota sí, Omaha-Ponca si, Hidatsa icí, Crow iché.

Noun

si

1. foot

Romagnol

Pronunciation

• (Central Romagnol): IPA^(key): [ˈsiː]

• (Ville Unite):

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin sĕx (“six”).

Numeral

si m

1. six

   Uj vö si dè.

   It takes six days.

Etymology 2

From the initial letters of Sancte + Iohannes, of the seventh verse of the hymn Ut queant laxis.

Noun

si m (plural si)

1. Si (musical note)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin sēbum (“tallow”).

Noun

si m (plural si)

1. tallow

References

Masotti, Adelmo (1996) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, pages 584, 585

Romani

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

si

1. to be
2. there be
3. Used before an accusative personal pronoun to indicate possession.

   Si la kale bala.

   She has black hair.

Usage notes

• The personal pronoun is often omitted when si is used to mean "to be".
• When a noun indicates the possessor, si follows the accusative case of the noun.

Conjugation

Conjugation of si

		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	sem	san	si	sam	sen	si
	perfect	semas	sanas	sas	samas	senas	sas
	future	avava	avesa	avela	avasa	avena	avena
	imperfect	semas	sanas	sasas	samas	senas	sasas (sinesas)
	past perfect	avilemas	avilǎnas	avilǎsas	avilǎmas	avilenas	avilenas
infinitive		te avav / te ovav	te aves / te oves	te avel / te ovel	te avas / te ovas	te aven / te oven	te aven / te oven
subjunctive	present	avavas	avesas	avelas	avasas	avenas	avenas
	past	avilemas	avilǎnas	avilǎsas	avilǎmas	avilenas	avilenas
imperative		—	av (ov)	—	—	aven (oven)	—

Derived terms

• si te

 

References

• Yūsuke Sumi (2018) ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 71

Romanian

Etymology

From Italian si.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Noun

si m (plural si)

1. (music) si (musical note B)

Declension

Declension of si

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) si	siul	(niște) si	sii
genitive/dative	(unui) si	siului	(unor) si	silor
vocative	siule		silor

Romansch

Alternative forms

• (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sen, se
• (Puter, Vallader) sü

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin, Late Latin root sūsum, from Latin sūrsum.

Adverb

si

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) up, upward, upwards

Sassarese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Etymology 1

From Latin se (“him-, her-, it-, themselves”, reflexive third-person pronoun). Cognate with Italian si, Portuguese si and se.

Alternative forms

• s' (apocopic)
• -ssi (enclitic)

Pronoun

si

1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

   La camìsgia si la pònini li manni ― Adults wear shirts (literally, “The adults put the shirt on themselves”)

2. (reciprocal pronoun) each other, one another

   Eddi s'àmani ― They love each other

3. (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people

   Lu zipressu si dizi "àiburu di campusantu" ― The cypress is called "graveyard tree"

Related terms

• sóiu

Etymology 2

From Latin sī, from Proto-Italic *sei (“so, thus”) used in parataxis, likely via the meaning "in this" as the locative singular of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”).

Conjunction

si

1. if

   Si lu sai, dìmmiru! ― If you know, tell me! (literally, “If you know it, tell it to me!”)

References

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

Savi

Etymology

From Sanskrit सेतु (setu).

Noun

si

1. bridge

References

• Knobloch, Nina (2020) A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan‎^[6], Stockholm: Stockholm University

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Pronoun

si (Cyrillic spelling си)

1. (reflexive) Replaces the dative of a personal pronoun when the subject is of the same person as the dative object; to oneself (clitic dative singular of sȅbe (“oneself”))
   1. to myself
   2. to yourself
   3. to himself, herself, itself
   4. to ourselves
   5. to yourselves
   6. to themselves
2. (reflexive, emphatic, possessive, dative) one's, of oneself (clitic dative singular of sebe (“one”))

   Kako li je samo zaboravio gdje si je parkirao auto?

   Just how did he forget where he parked his car?

Declension

Declension of si

	singular	plural
nominative	—	—
genitive	sȅbe, se	sȅbe
dative	sȅbi, si	sȅbi
accusative	sȅbe, se	sȅbe
vocative	—	—
locative	sȅbi	sȅbi
instrumental	sȍbōm	sȍbom

Verb

si (Cyrillic spelling си)

1. second-person singular present of bȉti

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *esi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [si]

Verb

si

1. second-person singular present of byť

   (you) are, (thou) art

Pronoun

si

1. dative of seba

   Kupujem si topánky. ― I am buying me shoes.

   Komu kupuješ topánky? Sebe. ― Whom are you buying shoes for? Myself.

Further reading

• “si”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): /sí/

Verb

sȉ

1. second-person singular present of bíti

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): /si/

Pronoun

si

1. dative singular of sébe

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin si (“if”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/ [si]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: si
• Homophone: sí

Conjunction

si

1. if

Derived terms

• apenas si
• como si
• cual si
• por si
• que si
• si bien
• si Dios lo quiere
• si la mirada matara
• si lo sabré yo
• si mal no recuerdo
• si me apuras
• si no
• si no quieres caldo, taza y media
• si quisiera Dios
• si tan siquiera
• si y solo si
• si ya

 

See also

• sí

Further reading

• “si”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 23rd edition, Royal Spanish Academy, 2014 October 16

Sumerian

Romanization

si

1. Romanization of 𒋛

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

si

1. negative present (all persons, numbers, and classes) of -wa (“to not be”)

-si

1. negative relative stem of -wa, -wapo, -wako, or -wamo

   mtu asiye na maarifa ― a person without knowledge

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /si/ [sɪ]
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: si

Etymology 1

From Proto-Austronesian *si. Compare Bikol Central si, Cebuano si, Gorontalo ti, Hiligaynon si, Ilocano si, Kapampangan i, Pangasinan si, and Waray-Waray si.

Article

si (plural sina, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)

1. direct marker placed before names or terms of address of people

   Tumakbo si Juan.

   Juan ran.

   Dinala nila si Tatay sa ospital.

   They brought Father to the hospital.

2. direct marker placed before an adjective used to refer to a person with those distinct characteristics

   Nandiyan na si taba. ― Fatso is there.

Alternative forms

• c — text messaging
• çi — obsolete

See also

Tagalog markers

		Direct (ang)	Indirect (ng)	Oblique (sa)
Common	Singular	ang	ng	sa
	Plural	ang mga	ng mga	sa mga
Personal	Singular	si	ni	kay
	Plural / Polite	sina	nina	kina

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English cee, the English name of the letter C/c.

Noun

si (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)

1. the name of the Latin-script letter C/c, in the Filipino alphabet

   Synonym: (in the Abecedario) ce

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) titik; ey, bi, si, di, i, ef, dyi, eyts, ay, dyey, key, el, em, en, enye, en dyi, o, pi, kyu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dobolyu, eks, way, zi

Further reading

• “si”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Ternate

Adverb

si

1. first, firstly

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001). A Descriptive Study of the Language of Ternate, the Northern Moluccas, Indonesia. University of Pittsburgh.

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English sea.

Noun

si

1. sea
2. waves; breakers; swells

Turkish

Etymology

From Italian si

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/
• Rhymes: -sɪ

Noun

si (definite accusative siyi, plural siler)

1. (music) si (musical note B)

Vietnamese

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *ɟ-riː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟriiʔ; cognate with Bahnar jri, Khmer ជ្រៃ (crɨy), Khasi jri, Old Mon jrey.

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [si˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂɪj˧˧] ~ [sɪj˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʂɪj˧˧] ~ [sɪj˧˧]

Noun

(classifier cây) si

1. certain members of the Mallotus and Ficus genera

Volapük

Interjection

si

1. yes
   • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:

     Cils äbinons-li i pö zäl et? Si! elogob us tumis.

     Were there children at that party as well? Yes, I've seen hundreds of them there.

Waigali

Etymology

Borrowed from a descendant of Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

Noun

si (Nisheigram)

1. lion

Walloon

Etymology

From Old French, from Latin si (“if”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Conjunction

si

1. if

Welsh

Alternative forms

• su

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siː/
• Rhymes: -iː

Noun

si m (plural sïon, not mutable)

1. murmur, hum
2. rumour

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sí/

Noun

sí

1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí

Etymology 2

Preposition

sí

1. to, at, toward (used when movement is implied)

See also

• ní

Etymology 3

Compare with Itsekiri sín

Verb

sí

1. (intransitive) to be far, to be distant

Etymology 4

Verb

sí

1. (intransitive) Negative form of wà

Etymology 5

Conjunction

sì

1. and

Usage notes

Sì is solely used to join verbs/sentences and not nouns, for which àti is used. Additionally, when sì is used, the subject of each verb must be specified.

1. Mo jó, mo kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́, mo sì kọ lẹ́tà. – I danced, studied, and wrote a letter.
2. Wọn kò fẹ́ ṣiṣẹ́, wọn kò sì fẹ́ ṣeré. – They don't want to work or play.

Zhuang

Etymology

From Chinese 市 (shì).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /θi˧˥/
• Tone numbers: si⁵
• Hyphenation: si

Noun

si (1957–1982 spelling si)

1. city

   Nanzningz Si

   Nanning City

Zou

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-hjwəj-t (“blood”). Cognates include Nuosu ꌦ (sy) and Burmese သွေး (swe:).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si˧˩/

Noun

sì

1. blood

Verb

sì

1. (intransitive) to die

References

• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40, 47