rukoilla
Appearance
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]ruko- + -illa. According to Häkkinen (2023), the root may be ruko (“haycock”). The word would have originally meant "to assemble, put together into haycocks" (found in dialects), and the shift to mean "to pray" was originally figurative use of this sense in reference to the position of the hands while praying.[1] The Sami word (such as in Northern Sami rohkadallat) is likely a loan from Finnish.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]rukoilla (intransitive, transitive, usually atelic)
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of rukoilla (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | rukoilen | en rukoile | 1st sing. | olen rukoillut | en ole rukoillut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | rukoilet | et rukoile | 2nd sing. | olet rukoillut | et ole rukoillut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | rukoilee | ei rukoile | 3rd sing. | on rukoillut | ei ole rukoillut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | rukoilemme | emme rukoile | 1st plur. | olemme rukoilleet | emme ole rukoilleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | rukoilette | ette rukoile | 2nd plur. | olette rukoilleet | ette ole rukoilleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | rukoilevat | eivät rukoile | 3rd plur. | ovat rukoilleet | eivät ole rukoilleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | rukoillaan | ei rukoilla | passive | on rukoiltu | ei ole rukoiltu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | rukoilin | en rukoillut | 1st sing. | olin rukoillut | en ollut rukoillut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | rukoilit | et rukoillut | 2nd sing. | olit rukoillut | et ollut rukoillut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | rukoili | ei rukoillut | 3rd sing. | oli rukoillut | ei ollut rukoillut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | rukoilimme | emme rukoilleet | 1st plur. | olimme rukoilleet | emme olleet rukoilleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | rukoilitte | ette rukoilleet | 2nd plur. | olitte rukoilleet | ette olleet rukoilleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | rukoilivat | eivät rukoilleet | 3rd plur. | olivat rukoilleet | eivät olleet rukoilleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | rukoiltiin | ei rukoiltu | passive | oli rukoiltu | ei ollut rukoiltu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | rukoilisin | en rukoilisi | 1st sing. | olisin rukoillut | en olisi rukoillut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | rukoilisit | et rukoilisi | 2nd sing. | olisit rukoillut | et olisi rukoillut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | rukoilisi | ei rukoilisi | 3rd sing. | olisi rukoillut | ei olisi rukoillut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | rukoilisimme | emme rukoilisi | 1st plur. | olisimme rukoilleet | emme olisi rukoilleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | rukoilisitte | ette rukoilisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte rukoilleet | ette olisi rukoilleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | rukoilisivat | eivät rukoilisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat rukoilleet | eivät olisi rukoilleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | rukoiltaisiin | ei rukoiltaisi | passive | olisi rukoiltu | ei olisi rukoiltu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | rukoile | älä rukoile | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | rukoilkoon | älköön rukoilko | 3rd sing. | olkoon rukoillut | älköön olko rukoillut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | rukoilkaamme | älkäämme rukoilko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | rukoilkaa | älkää rukoilko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | rukoilkoot | älkööt rukoilko | 3rd plur. | olkoot rukoilleet | älkööt olko rukoilleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | rukoiltakoon | älköön rukoiltako | passive | olkoon rukoiltu | älköön olko rukoiltu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | rukoillen | en rukoille | 1st sing. | lienen rukoillut | en liene rukoillut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | rukoillet | et rukoille | 2nd sing. | lienet rukoillut | et liene rukoillut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | rukoillee | ei rukoille | 3rd sing. | lienee rukoillut | ei liene rukoillut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | rukoillemme | emme rukoille | 1st plur. | lienemme rukoilleet | emme liene rukoilleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | rukoillette | ette rukoille | 2nd plur. | lienette rukoilleet | ette liene rukoilleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | rukoillevat | eivät rukoille | 3rd plur. | lienevät rukoilleet | eivät liene rukoilleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | rukoiltaneen | ei rukoiltane | passive | lienee rukoiltu | ei liene rukoiltu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | rukoilla | present | rukoileva | rukoiltava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | rukoillut | rukoiltu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | rukoillessa | rukoiltaessa | agent4 | rukoilema | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | rukoilematon | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | rukoillen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | rukoilemassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | rukoilemasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | rukoilemaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | rukoilemalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | rukoilematta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | rukoileman | rukoiltaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | rukoileminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “rukoilla”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03