rugi

See also: Rugi, rugí, and ruĝi

Bikol Central

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ru‧gi
• IPA^(key): /ɾuˈɡiʔ/ [ɾuˈɡiʔ]

Noun

rugî

1. doughiness; softness (of food due to overcooking)

Derived terms

• magrugi
• marugi

 

Central Dusun

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”). Compare Bikol Central dugi, Sangir duhi, Tombulu duhi and Malay duri.

Noun

rugi

1. thorn

Faroese

Noun

rugi

1. dative singular indefinite of rugur

French

Etymology

Past participle of rugir; borrowed from Latin rugītus. Doublet of rut, which was inherited.

Participle

rugi (feminine rugie, masculine plural rugis, feminine plural rugies)

1. past participle of rugir

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay rugi, from Sanskrit रोग (roga, “disease, infirmity, sickness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈruɡi]
• Hyphenation: ru‧gi

Noun

rugi (plural rugi-rugi, first-person possessive rugiku, second-person possessive rugimu, third-person possessive ruginya)

1. loss

Affixed terms

• berkerugian
• berugi
• kerugian
• merugi
• merugikan

 

Compounds

• rugi barang
• rugi keseluruhan total
• rugi tenaga
• rugi waktu

 

Further reading

• “rugi” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Japanese

Romanization

rugi

1. Rōmaji transcription of るぎ

Kimaragang

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”). Compare Bikol Central dugi, Sangir duhi, Tombulu duhi and Malay duri.

Noun

rugi

1. thorn

Latin

Verb

rugī

1. second-person singular present active imperative of rugiō

Malay

Etymology

From Sanskrit रोग (roga, “disease, infirmity, sickness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈruɡi/ [ˈru.ɡi]
• Rhymes: -ɡi

Noun

rugi (Jawi spelling روݢي, plural rugi-rugi, informal 1st possessive rugiku, 2nd possessive rugimu, 3rd possessive ruginya)

1. loss, financial loss

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• kerugian [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
• merugi [agent focus] (meN-)
• merugikan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• dirugikan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• berugi [stative / habitual] (beR-)
• berugi-rugi [reduplication + stative / habitual] (redup + beR-)

Descendants

• Indonesian: rugi

Verb

rugi (Jawi spelling روݢي)

1. to lose out

Further reading

• “rugi” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈru.ɡi/
• Rhymes: -uɡi
• Syllabification: ru‧gi

Noun

rugi f

1. inflection of ruga:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Noun

rugi m inan

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of rug

Portuguese

Verb

rugi

1. inflection of rugir:
   1. first-person singular preterite indicative
   2. second-person plural imperative

Romanian

Etymology 1

Noun

rugi m

1. plural of rug

rugi f

1. plural of rugă

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin rugīre, present active infinitive of rugiō. Compare Aromanian arujescu, arujiri (“neigh”).

Verb

a rugi (third-person singular present rugește, past participle rugit) 4th conj.

1. (archaic, rare) to roar, bellow, howl

   Synonyms: rage, mugi, zbiera

Conjugation

    conjugation of rugi (fourth conjugation, -esc- infix)

infinitive			a rugi
gerund			rugind
past participle			rugit
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	rugesc	rugești	rugește	rugim	rugiți	rugesc
	imperfect	rugeam	rugeai	rugea	rugeam	rugeați	rugeau
	simple perfect	rugii	rugiși	rugi	rugirăm	rugirăți	rugiră
	pluperfect	rugisem	rugiseși	rugise	rugiserăm	rugiserăți	rugiseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să rugesc	să rugești	să rugească	să rugim	să rugiți	să rugească
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		rugește			rugiți
	negative		nu rugi			nu rugiți

Related terms

• ruget

Rungus

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”). Compare Bikol Central dugi, Sangir duhi, Tombulu duhi and Malay duri.

Noun

rugi

1. thorn

Ternate

Etymology

From Malay rugi, from Sanskrit रोग (roga).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɾu.ɡi]

Noun

rugi

1. loss

Verb

rugi

1. (transitive) to lose (an object, etc.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of rugi
	Singular	Plural
	Inclusive	Exclusive
1st	torugi	forugi	mirugi
2nd	norugi	nirugi
3rd	Masculine	orugi	irugi, yorugi†
Feminine	morugi
Neuter	irugi
† - archaic

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tobilung

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”).

Noun

rugi

1. thorn

Upper Kinabatangan

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”). Compare Bikol Central dugi, Sangir duhi, Tombulu duhi and Malay duri.

Noun

rugi

1. thorn