perustua
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]perustua (intransitive)
- to be based on [with illative] (e.g. of a work of art)
- Elokuva perustuu tositapahtumiin.
- The movie is based on a true story.
- to be based on, be grounded in [with illative] (e.g. of an opinion)
- Mihin mielipiteesi perustuu?
- What is your opinion based on?
- to be founded on, be based on, rest on [with allative or illative] (e.g. of some sort of system)
- Tämä yhteiskunta perustuu luottamukselle.
- This society rests on confidence.
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of perustua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | perustun | en perustu | 1st sing. | olen perustunut | en ole perustunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | perustut | et perustu | 2nd sing. | olet perustunut | et ole perustunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | perustuu | ei perustu | 3rd sing. | on perustunut | ei ole perustunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | perustumme | emme perustu | 1st plur. | olemme perustuneet | emme ole perustuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | perustutte | ette perustu | 2nd plur. | olette perustuneet | ette ole perustuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | perustuvat | eivät perustu | 3rd plur. | ovat perustuneet | eivät ole perustuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | perustutaan | ei perustuta | passive | on perustuttu | ei ole perustuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | perustuin | en perustunut | 1st sing. | olin perustunut | en ollut perustunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | perustuit | et perustunut | 2nd sing. | olit perustunut | et ollut perustunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | perustui | ei perustunut | 3rd sing. | oli perustunut | ei ollut perustunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | perustuimme | emme perustuneet | 1st plur. | olimme perustuneet | emme olleet perustuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | perustuitte | ette perustuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte perustuneet | ette olleet perustuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | perustuivat | eivät perustuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat perustuneet | eivät olleet perustuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | perustuttiin | ei perustuttu | passive | oli perustuttu | ei ollut perustuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | perustuisin | en perustuisi | 1st sing. | olisin perustunut | en olisi perustunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | perustuisit | et perustuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit perustunut | et olisi perustunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | perustuisi | ei perustuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi perustunut | ei olisi perustunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | perustuisimme | emme perustuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme perustuneet | emme olisi perustuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | perustuisitte | ette perustuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte perustuneet | ette olisi perustuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | perustuisivat | eivät perustuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat perustuneet | eivät olisi perustuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | perustuttaisiin | ei perustuttaisi | passive | olisi perustuttu | ei olisi perustuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | perustu | älä perustu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | perustukoon | älköön perustuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon perustunut | älköön olko perustunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | perustukaamme | älkäämme perustuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | perustukaa | älkää perustuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | perustukoot | älkööt perustuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot perustuneet | älkööt olko perustuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | perustuttakoon | älköön perustuttako | passive | olkoon perustuttu | älköön olko perustuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | perustunen | en perustune | 1st sing. | lienen perustunut | en liene perustunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | perustunet | et perustune | 2nd sing. | lienet perustunut | et liene perustunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | perustunee | ei perustune | 3rd sing. | lienee perustunut | ei liene perustunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | perustunemme | emme perustune | 1st plur. | lienemme perustuneet | emme liene perustuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | perustunette | ette perustune | 2nd plur. | lienette perustuneet | ette liene perustuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | perustunevat | eivät perustune | 3rd plur. | lienevät perustuneet | eivät liene perustuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | perustuttaneen | ei perustuttane | passive | lienee perustuttu | ei liene perustuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | perustua | present | perustuva | perustuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | perustunut | perustuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | perustuessa | perustuttaessa | agent4 | perustuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | perustumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | perustuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | perustumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | perustumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | perustumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | perustumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | perustumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | perustuman | perustuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | perustuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “perustua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03