parir

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin parere, present active infinitive of pariō.

Verb

parir (first-person singular indicative present paro, past participle paríu)

1. to give birth

Conjugation

Conjugation of parir

infinitive		parir
gerundive		pariendo
participle		m paríu, f parida, n parío, m pl paríos, f pl paríes
person		first singular yo	second singular tu	third singular él/elli	first plural nosotros/nós	second plural vosotros/vós	third plural ellos
indicative	present	paro	pares	pare	parimos	parís	paren
	preterite imperfect	paría	paríes	paría	paríemos/paríamos	paríeis/paríais	paríen
	preterite indefinite	parí	pariesti/paristi	parió	pariemos/parimos	pariestis/paristis	parieron
	pluperfect	pariere/pariera	parieres/parieras	pariere/pariera	pariéremos/pariéramos	pariereis/parierais	parieren/parieran
subjunctive	present	para	paras	para	paramos	paráis	paran
	preterite imperfect	pariere/pariera	parieres/parieras	pariere/pariera	pariéremos/pariéramos	pariereis/parierais	parieren/parieran
potential	future	pariré	parirás	parirá	pariremos	pariréis	parirán
	conditional	pariría	pariríes	pariría	pariríemos/pariríamos	pariríeis/pariríais	pariríen
imperative			pari			paríi

Related terms

• partu

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin parere, with normal change of conjugation to -ir.

Verb

parir (first-person singular present pareixo, first-person singular preterite parí, past participle parit)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to give birth

   Synonym: donar a llum

2. (transitive, colloquial) to make, think up

   Synonyms: crear, fer

   ben parit ― well thought out

Conjugation

    Conjugation of parir (third conjugation, with -eix-)

infinitive			parir
gerund			parint
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		parit		parida
		plural		parits		parides
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	pareixo	pareixes	pareix	parim	pariu	pareixen
	imperfect	paria	paries	paria	paríem	paríeu	parien
	future	pariré	pariràs	parirà	parirem	parireu	pariran
	preterite	parí	parires	parí	parírem	paríreu	pariren
	conditional	pariria	pariries	pariria	pariríem	pariríeu	paririen
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	pareixi	pareixis	pareixi	parim	pariu	pareixin
	imperfect	parís	parissis	parís	paríssim	paríssiu	parissin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	pareix	pareixi	parim	pariu	pareixin
	negative (no)	—	no pareixis	no pareixi	no parim	no pariu	no pareixin

Related terms

• part

See also

• néixer

Further reading

• “parir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “parir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “parir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “parir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese parir (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin parere, present active infinitive of pariō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [paˈɾiɾ]

Verb

parir (first-person singular present pairo, first-person singular preterite parín, past participle parido)
parir (first-person singular present paro, first-person singular preterite parim or pari, past participle parido, reintegrationist norm)

1. to give birth

   Synonym: dar a luz

Conjugation

    Conjugation of parir (irregular)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	parir
Personal	parir	parires	parir	parirmos	parirdes	pariren
Gerund
	parindo
Past participle
Masculine	parido			paridos
Feminine	parida			paridas
Indicative
Present	pairo	pares	pare	parimos	parides	paren
Imperfect	paría	parías	paría	pariamos	pariades	parían
Preterite	parín	pariches	pariu	parimos	paristes	pariron
Pluperfect	parira	pariras	parira	pariramos	parirades	pariran
Future	parirei	parirás	parirá	pariremos	pariredes	parirán
Conditional	pariría	parirías	pariría	paririamos	paririades	parirían
Subjunctive
Present	paira	pairas	paira	pairamos	pairades	pairan
Imperfect	parise	parises	parise	parísemos	parísedes	parisen
Future	parir	parires	parir	parirmos	parirdes	pariren
Imperative
Affirmative		pare	paira	pairamos	paride	pairan
Negative (non)		non pairas	non paira	non pairamos	non pairades	non pairan

    Reintegrated conjugation of parir (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	parir
Personal	parir	parires	parir	parirmos	parirdes	parirem
Gerund
	parindo
Past participle
Masculine	parido			paridos
Feminine	parida			paridas
Indicative
Present	paro	pares	pare	parimos	parides, paris	parem
Imperfect	paria	parias	paria	paríamos	paríades, paríeis, paríais1	pariam
Preterite	parim, pari	pariste, pariche1	pariu	parimos	paristes	parírom, pariram
Pluperfect	parira	pariras	parira	paríramos	parírades, paríreis, parírais1	pariram
Future	parirei	parirás	parirá	pariremos	pariredes, parireis	parirám, parirão
Conditional	pariria	paririas	pariria	pariríamos	pariríades, pariríeis, pariríais1	paririam
Subjunctive
Present	para	paras	para	paramos	parades, parais	param
Imperfect	parisse	parisses	parisse	paríssemos	paríssedes, parísseis	parissem
Future	parir	parires	parir	parirmos	parirdes	parirem
Imperative
Affirmative		pare	para	paramos	paride, pari	param
Negative (nom)		nom paras	nom para	nom paramos	nom parades, nom parais	nom param

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• parición

Related terms

• parto

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “parir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “parir”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “parir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “parir”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “parir”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “parir” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “parir”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Maltese

Etymology

Borrowed from Sicilian pariri, from Latin parēre (“to seem”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paˈriːr/

Noun

parir m (plural pariri)

1. advice, counsel

   Synonym: (less common) kunsill

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin parere, present active infinitive of pariō (“I bear, I give birth to”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to bring forth”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pa.ˈɾiɾ/

Verb

parir

1. to give birth, to bear
   • 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 122 (facsimile):

     […] bẽeita tu / eſ mia ſennor que pariſte iheſu / xp̃o.

     […] you are blessed, my Lady, who bore Jesus Christ.

Descendants

• Galician: parir
• Portuguese: parir

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese parir (“to give birth”), from Latin parere (“to bear, to give birth to”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to bring forth”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /paˈɾi(ʁ)/ [paˈɾi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /paˈɾi(ʁ)/ [paˈɾi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /paˈɾi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /paˈɾi(ʁ)/ [paˈɾi(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /paˈɾi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɐˈɾiɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɐˈɾiɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɐˈɾi.ɾi/

• Homophone: pari (Brazil)
• Hyphenation: pa‧rir

Verb

parir (no stressed present indicative or subjunctive, first-person singular preterite pari, past participle parido)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to give birth

   Synonym: dar à luz

   A cadela pariu três cachorros. ― The dog gave birth to three pups.

2. (transitive, figurative) to produce

   Synonyms: produzir, criar

Usage notes

• Usually used to refer to animals; when used to refer to people it has a somewhat offensive or derogatory connotation, like saying knocked up instead of pregnant in English. The nonderogatory word used for people is dar à luz (literally “to give to light”).

Conjugation

    Conjugation of parir (defective) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	parir
Personal	parir	parires	parir	parirmos	parirdes	parirem
Gerund
	parindo
Past participle
Masculine	parido			paridos
Feminine	parida			paridas
Indicative
Present	—	—	—	parimos	paris	—
Imperfect	paria	parias	paria	paríamos	paríeis	pariam
Preterite	pari	pariste	pariu	parimos	paristes	pariram
Pluperfect	parira	pariras	parira	paríramos	paríreis	pariram
Future	parirei	parirás	parirá	pariremos	parireis	parirão
Conditional	pariria	paririas	pariria	pariríamos	pariríeis	paririam
Subjunctive
Present	—	—	—	—	—	—
Imperfect	parisse	parisses	parisse	paríssemos	parísseis	parissem
Future	parir	parires	parir	parirmos	parirdes	parirem
Imperative
Affirmative		—	—	—	pari	—
Negative (não)		—	—	—	—	—

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:parir.

Derived terms

• parideira
• puta que pariu

Related terms

• parteira
• parto

See also

• nascer

Further reading

• “parir”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
• “parir”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin parere.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paˈɾiɾ/ [paˈɾiɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: pa‧rir

Verb

parir (first-person singular present paro, first-person singular preterite parí, past participle parido)

1. (transitive, intransitive, vulgar in some areas) to give birth

   Synonym: dar a luz

2. (transitive, colloquial) to think up; imagine
3. (transitive) to explain

Usage notes

• Parir is more commonly used in Spain, and is rarely used by Central- and South-Americans, as they believe parir is vulgar, in the sense that it is used to describe when animals give birth. Instead, they use the phrase dar a luz (literally “to give to light”).

Conjugation

    Conjugation of parir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			parir
gerund			pariendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		parido		parida
		plural		paridos		paridas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	paro	parestú parísvos	pare	parimos	parís	paren
	imperfect	paría	parías	paría	paríamos	paríais	parían
	preterite	parí	pariste	parió	parimos	paristeis	parieron
	future	pariré	parirás	parirá	pariremos	pariréis	parirán
	conditional	pariría	parirías	pariría	pariríamos	pariríais	parirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	para	parastú parásvos2	para	paramos	paráis	paran
	imperfect (ra)	pariera	parieras	pariera	pariéramos	parierais	parieran
	imperfect (se)	pariese	parieses	pariese	pariésemos	parieseis	pariesen
	future1	pariere	parieres	pariere	pariéremos	pariereis	parieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		paretú parívos	para	paramos	parid	paran
	negative		no paras	no para	no paramos	no paráis	no paran

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of parir

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive parir
	dative	parirme	parirte	parirle, parirse	parirnos	pariros	parirles, parirse
	accusative	parirme	parirte	parirlo, parirla, parirse	parirnos	pariros	parirlos, parirlas, parirse
with gerund pariendo
	dative	pariéndome	pariéndote	pariéndole, pariéndose	pariéndonos	pariéndoos	pariéndoles, pariéndose
	accusative	pariéndome	pariéndote	pariéndolo, pariéndola, pariéndose	pariéndonos	pariéndoos	pariéndolos, pariéndolas, pariéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative pare
	dative	páreme	párete	párele	párenos	not used	páreles
	accusative	páreme	párete	párelo, párela	párenos	not used	párelos, párelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative parí
	dative	parime	parite	parile	parinos	not used	pariles
	accusative	parime	parite	parilo, parila	parinos	not used	parilos, parilas
with formal second-person singular imperative para
	dative	párame	not used	párale, párase	páranos	not used	párales
	accusative	párame	not used	páralo, párala, párase	páranos	not used	páralos, páralas
with first-person plural imperative paramos
	dative	not used	parámoste	parámosle	parámonos	parámoos	parámosles
	accusative	not used	parámoste	parámoslo, parámosla	parámonos	parámoos	parámoslos, parámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative parid
	dative	paridme	not used	paridle	paridnos	paríos	paridles
	accusative	paridme	not used	paridlo, paridla	paridnos	paríos	paridlos, paridlas
with formal second-person plural imperative paran
	dative	páranme	not used	páranle	párannos	not used	páranles, páranse
	accusative	páranme	not used	páranlo, páranla	párannos	not used	páranlos, páranlas, páranse

Derived terms

• éramos pocos y parió la abuela
• está pariendo la venada
• la madre que te parió
• parir a medias
• parirla
• poner a parir
• puta que te parió

 

Derived terms

• parir a medias
• parirla
• poner a parir

 

Related terms

• parto

 

See also

• nacer

Further reading

• “parir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28