nadir

See also: Nadir, nádir, and nadír

English

WOTD – 23 September 2006

Diagram showing the relationship between the zenith, the nadir, and different types of horizon. Nadir is opposite the zenith.

Etymology

From Medieval Latin nadir, from Arabic نَظِير السَّمْت (naẓīr as-samt), composed of نَظِير (naẓīr, “counterpart, corresponding to”) and السَّمْت (as-samt, “the zenith”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈneɪˌdɪə(ɹ)/, /ˈnæd.ɪə(ɹ)/, /ˈneɪ.də(ɹ)/, /neɪˈdɪə(ɹ)/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈneɪˌdɪɚ/, /ˈneɪ.dɚ/, /neɪˈdɪɚ/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪdə(ɹ), -ɪə(ɹ)

Noun

nadir (plural nadirs)

1. The point of the celestial sphere, directly opposite the zenith; inferior pole of the horizon; point of the celestial sphere directly under the place of observation.

   Synonym: antizenith

   Antonym: zenith

   • 1638, Sir Thomas Herbert, Some years travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique:

     […] when we are Nadyr to the Sunne, we have no ſhadow […]

2. (figuratively) The lowest point; time of greatest depression.

   Synonyms: lowest ebb, slough of despond, trough, bathos

   Antonyms: height, peak

   Near-synonym: dead

   • 1837, Henry Hallam, Introduction to the Literature of Europe in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries:

     […] the seventh century is the nadir of the human mind in Europe […]

   • 1950, Elizabeth Janeway, edited by Helen Hull, The Writer’s Book:

     In this nadir of poetic repute, when the only verse that most people read from one year’s end to the next is what appears on greetings cards, it is well for us to stop and consider our poets.

   • 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 175:

     The myth describes the dangerous moment of the nadir, the dead of winter, the moment when it is not known whether the world will be re-created and another cycle will bring on another spring.

3. (astronomy) The axis of a projected conical shadow; the direction of the force of gravity at a location; down.

   Synonym: down

   The nadir of the sun is the axis of the shadow projected by the Earth.

4. (beekeeping, archaic) An empty box added beneath a full one in a beehive to give the colony more room to expand or store honey.

   Antonyms: duplet, super

Related terms

• azimuth, zenith - (both from السَّمْتُ (as-samtu)).

Translations

point of the sky

• Arabic: نَظِير (ar) m (naẓīr)
• Armenian: նադիր (hy) (nadir)
• Bulgarian: надир (bg) m (nadir)
• Catalan: nadir m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 天底 (zh) (tiāndǐ)

• Danish: nadir (da) n
• Dutch: nadir (nl) n
• Finnish: nadiiri (fi)
• French: nadir (fr) m
• Galician: nadir (gl) m
• German: Nadir (de) m
• Greek: ναδίρ (el) n (nadír)
• Hindi: नाजिर (hi) (nājir)
• Hungarian: nadír (hu), talppont (hu)
• Irish: nadair f
• Italian: nadir (it) m
• Japanese: 天底 (ja) (てんてい, tentei)
• Malay: nadir
• Persian: نظیرالسمت (fa) (nazir-os-samt), سمت‌القدم (samt-ol-qadam), پاسو (pâsu)
• Polish: nadir (pl) m
• Portuguese: nadir (pt) m
• Romanian: nadir (ro) n
• Russian: нади́р (ru) m (nadír)
• Spanish: nadir m
• Tagalog: idalum

figuratively the lowest point

• Arabic: نَظِير (ar) m (naẓīr)
• Bulgarian: най-ниска точка (naj-niska točka)
• Finnish: aallonpohja (fi)
• French: fond (fr) m
• Greek: ναδίρ (el) n (nadír)
• Hindi: नाजिर (hi) (nājir)
• Hungarian: mélypont (hu)
• Icelandic: ilpunktur (is) m
• Japanese: どん底 (ja) (どんぞこ, donzoko)
• Persian: قعر (fa) (qa'r)
• Portuguese: nadir (pt) m
• Russian: ни́зший у́ровень m (nízšij úrovenʹ)
• Swedish: lågvattenmärke (sv) (slightly informal)
• Turkish: ayak ucu (tr)

axis of projected conical shadow

• Arabic: نَظِير (ar) m (naẓīr)
• Hindi: नाजिर (hi) (nājir)

Verb

nadir (third-person singular simple present nadirs, present participle nadiring, simple past and past participle nadired)

1. (transitive, beekeeping) To extend (a beehive) by adding an empty box at the base.

References

• Henry Taylor (1860) The Beekeepers Manual, page 24

Further reading

• Nadir (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Darin, Drain, Drina, Indra, Nardi, Ndari, Radin, dinar, drain, ranid

Azerbaijani

Other scripts

Cyrillic		надир
Abjad

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic نَادِر (nādir).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nɑːˈdiɾ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: na‧dir

Adjective

nadir (comparative daha nadir, superlative ən nadir)

1. rare

   nadir tapıntı ― a rare discovery

   nadir hallarda ― in rare cases, rarely

French

Etymology

As for the English word.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na.diʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

nadir m (plural nadirs)

1. (astronomy) nadir

   Antonym: zénith

Further reading

• “nadir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• radin

Galician

Noun

nadir m (plural nadires)

1. nadir (point of the celestial sphere directly under the place where the observer stands)

Further reading

• “nadir”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024

Italian

Etymology

From Medieval Latin nadir, from Arabic نَظِير السَّمْت (naẓīr as-samt), composed of نَظِير (naẓīr, “counterpart, corresponding to”) and السَّمْت (as-samt, “the zenith”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /naˈdir/
• Rhymes: -ir
• Hyphenation: na‧dìr

Noun

nadir m

1. (astronomy) nadir

   Antonym: zenit

Anagrams

• Randi, nardi

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin nadir, from Arabic نَظِير (naẓīr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈna.dir/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -adir
• Syllabification: na‧dir

Noun

nadir m inan

1. (astronomy) nadir (axis of projected conical shadow)

   Synonym: perygeum

   Antonym: zenit

Declension

Declension of nadir

	singular
nominative	nadir
genitive	nadiru
dative	nadirowi
accusative	nadir
instrumental	nadirem
locative	nadirze
vocative	nadirze

Further reading

• nadir in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• nadir in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /naˈd͡ʒi(ʁ)/ [naˈd͡ʒi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /naˈd͡ʒi(ʁ)/ [naˈd͡ʒi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /naˈd͡ʒi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /naˈd͡ʒi(ʁ)/ [naˈd͡ʒi(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /naˈd͡ʒi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /naˈdiɾ/ [naˈðiɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /naˈdiɾ/ [naˈðiɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /naˈdi.ɾi/ [naˈði.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: na‧dir

Noun

nadir m (plural nadires)

1. nadir (point of the celestial sphere directly under the place where the observer stands)
2. (figuratively) nadir (the lowest point)

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French nadir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /naˈdir/

Noun

nadir n (uncountable)

1. nadir

Declension

declension of nadir (singular only)

	singular
n gender	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) nadir	nadirul
genitive/dative	(unui) nadir	nadirului
vocative	nadirule

Further reading

• nadir in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /naˈdiɾ/ [naˈð̞iɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: na‧dir

Noun

nadir m (plural nadires)

1. nadir (point of the celestial sphere directly under the place where the observer stands)

Further reading

• “nadir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish نادر (nadir), from Arabic نَادِر (nādir).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [naːˈdiɾ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: na‧dir

Adjective

nadir

1. rare

   Synonym: ender

   Antonym: yaygın

Related terms

• nadiren